P00003 (CYC_ATESP) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Cytochrome c

Gene names

Name:	CYCS
Synonyms:	CYC

Organism

Ateles sp. (Spider monkey)

Taxonomic identifier

9511 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Platyrrhini › Atelidae › Atelinae › Ateles

Protein attributes

Sequence length	105 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain. Plays a role in apoptosis. Suppression of the anti-apoptotic members or activation of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability resulting in release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Binding of cytochrome c to Apaf-1 triggers the activation of caspase-9, which then accelerates apoptosis by activating other caspases By similarity.
Subcellular location	Mitochondrion intermembrane space. Note: Loosely associated with the inner membrane.
Post-translational modification	Binds 1 heme group per subunit. Phosphorylation at Tyr-49 and Tyr-98 both reduce by half the turnover in the reaction with cytochrome c oxidase, down-regulating mitochondrial respiration By similarity.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the cytochrome c family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Apoptosis Electron transport Respiratory chain Transport
Cellular component	Mitochondrion
Ligand	Heme Iron Metal-binding
PTM	Acetylation Phosphoprotein
Technical term	Direct protein sequencing
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	apoptotic DNA fragmentation Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB electron transport chain Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular_component	cytosol Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB mitochondrial intermembrane space Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell respiratory chain Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Molecular_function	electron transporter, transferring electrons from CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase complex and cytochrome c oxidase complex activity Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB heme binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro iron ion binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Initiator methionine	1	1	Removed Ref.1
	Chain	2 – 105	104	Cytochrome c		PRO_0000108208
Sites
	Metal binding	19	1	Iron (heme axial ligand)
	Metal binding	81	1	Iron (heme axial ligand)
	Binding site	15	1	Heme (covalent)
	Binding site	18	1	Heme (covalent)
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	2	1	N-acetylglycine Probable
	Modified residue	49	1	Phosphotyrosine By similarity
	Modified residue	98	1	Phosphotyrosine By similarity

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P00003 [UniParc]. Last modified January 20, 2009. Version 3. Checksum: CA6E52C3613F1C43	FASTA	105	11,823
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MGDVEKGKRI FIMKCSQCHT VEKGGKHKTG PNLHGLFGRK TGQASGFTYT EANKNKGIIW 70 80 90 100 GEDTLMEYLE NPKKYIPGTK MIFVGIKKKE ERADLIAYLK KATNE

References

[1]	"Protein influences on porphyrin structure in cytochrome c: evidence from Raman difference spectroscopy." Shelnutt J.A., Rousseau D.L., Dethmers J.K., Margoliash E. Biochemistry 20:6485-6497(1981) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 2-105.

Web resources

Protein Spotlight

Life shuttle - Issue 76 of November 2006

Cross-references

Sequence databases
PIR	CCMKP. A00004.
3D structure databases
ModBase	Search...
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	P00003.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
HOVERGEN	HBG003023.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR002327. Cyt_c_1A/1B. IPR009056. Cyt_c_dom. IPR003088. Cyt_c_I. [Graphical view]
PANTHER	PTHR11961. PTHR11961. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF00034. Cytochrom_C. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PRINTS	PR00604. CYTCHRMECIAB.
SUPFAM	SSF46626. Cytochrome_c. 1 hit.
PROSITE	PS51007. CYTC. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

CYC_ATESP

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P00003

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	July 21, 1986
Last sequence update:	January 20, 2009
Last modified:	April 3, 2013
This is version 89 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program