O95994 (AGR2_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Anterior gradient protein 2 homolog
Short name=AG-2
Short name=hAG-2

Alternative name(s):
HPC8
Secreted cement gland protein XAG-2 homolog

Gene names

Name:	AGR2
Synonyms:	AG2
ORF Names:	UNQ515/PRO1030

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human)

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	175 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Required for MUC2 post-transcriptional synthesis and secretion. May play a role in the production of mucus by intestinal cells By similarity. Proto-oncogene that may play a role in cell migration, cell differentiation and cell growth. Ref.11
Subunit structure	Interacts with LYPD3 and DAG1 (alphaDAG1). Interacts with MUC2; disulfide-linked. Ref.9 Ref.12
Subcellular location	Secreted. Endoplasmic reticulum By similarity Ref.10.
Tissue specificity	Expressed strongly in trachea, lung, stomach, colon, prostate and small intestine. Expressed weakly in pituitary gland, salivary gland, mammary gland, bladder, appendix, ovary, fetal lung, uterus, pancreas, kidney, fetal kidney, testis, placenta, thyroid gland and in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cell lines. Ref.1
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the AGR family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Endoplasmic reticulum Secreted
Disease	Proto-oncogene
Domain	Signal
PTM	Disulfide bond
Technical term	Complete proteome Direct protein sequencing Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	mucus secretion Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB
Cellular component	endoplasmic reticulum Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB extracellular region Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Molecular function	alpha-dystroglycan binding Inferred from direct assay Ref.9. Source: UniProtKB
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Signal peptide	1 – 20	20	Ref.8
	Chain	21 – 175	155	Anterior gradient protein 2 homolog		PRO_0000001037
Experimental info
	Mutagenesis	81	1	C → S: Loss of interaction with MUC2. Ref.12

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	O95994 [UniParc]. Last modified May 1, 1999. Version 1. Checksum: F271B1BD377BEE11	FASTA	175	19,979
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MEKIPVSAFL LLVALSYTLA RDTTVKPGAK KDTKDSRPKL PQTLSRGWGD QLIWTQTYEE 70 80 90 100 110 120 ALYKSKTSNK PLMIIHHLDE CPHSQALKKV FAENKEIQKL AEQFVLLNLV YETTDKHLSP 130 140 150 160 170 DGQYVPRIMF VDPSLTVRAD ITGRYSNRLY AYEPADTALL LDNMKKALKL LKTEL

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"hAG-2, the human homologue of the Xenopus laevis cement gland gene XAG-2, is coexpressed with estrogen receptor in breast cancer cell lines." Thompson D.A., Weigel R.J. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 251:111-116(1998) [PubMed: 9790916] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], TISSUE SPECIFICITY. Tissue: Mammary gland.
[2]	"Identification of human homolog of XAG-2 over-expressed in tumors." Zhang J.S., Smith D.I. Submitted (DEC-1998) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Prostatic carcinoma.
[3]	"Cloning and expression of a novel human cDNA homology to murine GOB-4 mRNA." Fan Y.X., Yu L., Zhang X.N., Wan W.C., Wang X.K., Zhao S.Y. Submitted (JUL-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
[4]	"The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment." Clark H.F., Gurney A.L., Abaya E., Baker K., Baldwin D.T., Brush J., Chen J., Chow B., Chui C., Crowley C., Currell B., Deuel B., Dowd P., Eaton D., Foster J.S., Grimaldi C., Gu Q., Hass P.E. , Heldens S., Huang A., Kim H.S., Klimowski L., Jin Y., Johnson S., Lee J., Lewis L., Liao D., Mark M.R., Robbie E., Sanchez C., Schoenfeld J., Seshagiri S., Simmons L., Singh J., Smith V., Stinson J., Vagts A., Vandlen R.L., Watanabe C., Wieand D., Woods K., Xie M.-H., Yansura D.G., Yi S., Yu G., Yuan J., Zhang M., Zhang Z., Goddard A.D., Wood W.I., Godowski P.J., Gray A.M. Genome Res. 13:2265-2270(2003) [PubMed: 12975309] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
[5]	"Cloning of human full-length CDSs in BD Creator(TM) system donor vector." Kalnine N., Chen X., Rolfs A., Halleck A., Hines L., Eisenstein S., Koundinya M., Raphael J., Moreira D., Kelley T., LaBaer J., Lin Y., Phelan M., Farmer A. Submitted (MAY-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
[6]	"The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7." Hillier L.W., Fulton R.S., Fulton L.A., Graves T.A., Pepin K.H., Wagner-McPherson C., Layman D., Maas J., Jaeger S., Walker R., Wylie K., Sekhon M., Becker M.C., O'Laughlin M.D., Schaller M.E., Fewell G.A., Delehaunty K.D., Miner T.L. , Nash W.E., Cordes M., Du H., Sun H., Edwards J., Bradshaw-Cordum H., Ali J., Andrews S., Isak A., Vanbrunt A., Nguyen C., Du F., Lamar B., Courtney L., Kalicki J., Ozersky P., Bielicki L., Scott K., Holmes A., Harkins R., Harris A., Strong C.M., Hou S., Tomlinson C., Dauphin-Kohlberg S., Kozlowicz-Reilly A., Leonard S., Rohlfing T., Rock S.M., Tin-Wollam A.-M., Abbott A., Minx P., Maupin R., Strowmatt C., Latreille P., Miller N., Johnson D., Murray J., Woessner J.P., Wendl M.C., Yang S.-P., Schultz B.R., Wallis J.W., Spieth J., Bieri T.A., Nelson J.O., Berkowicz N., Wohldmann P.E., Cook L.L., Hickenbotham M.T., Eldred J., Williams D., Bedell J.A., Mardis E.R., Clifton S.W., Chissoe S.L., Marra M.A., Raymond C., Haugen E., Gillett W., Zhou Y., James R., Phelps K., Iadanoto S., Bubb K., Simms E., Levy R., Clendenning J., Kaul R., Kent W.J., Furey T.S., Baertsch R.A., Brent M.R., Keibler E., Flicek P., Bork P., Suyama M., Bailey J.A., Portnoy M.E., Torrents D., Chinwalla A.T., Gish W.R., Eddy S.R., McPherson J.D., Olson M.V., Eichler E.E., Green E.D., Waterston R.H., Wilson R.K. Nature 424:157-164(2003) [PubMed: 12853948] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[7]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Colon.
[8]	"Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites." Zhang Z., Henzel W.J. Protein Sci. 13:2819-2824(2004) [PubMed: 15340161] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 21-35.
[9]	"hAG-2 and hAG-3, human homologues of genes involved in differentiation, are associated with oestrogen receptor-positive breast tumours and interact with metastasis gene C4.4a and dystroglycan." Fletcher G.C., Patel S., Tyson K., Adam P.J., Schenker M., Loader J.A., Daviet L., Legrain P., Parekh R., Harris A.L., Terrett J.A. Br. J. Cancer 88:579-585(2003) [PubMed: 12592373] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH LYPD3 AND DAG1.
[10]	"AGR2, an androgen-inducible secretory protein overexpressed in prostate cancer." Zhang J.-S., Gong A., Cheville J.C., Smith D.I., Young C.Y.F. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 43:249-259(2005) [PubMed: 15834940] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
[11]	"The adenocarcinoma-associated antigen, AGR2, promotes tumor growth, cell migration, and cellular transformation." Wang Z., Hao Y., Lowe A.W. Cancer Res. 68:492-497(2008) [PubMed: 18199544] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[12]	"The protein disulfide isomerase AGR2 is essential for production of intestinal mucus." Park S.-W., Zhen G., Verhaeghe C., Nakagami Y., Nguyenvu L.T., Barczak A.J., Killeen N., Erle D.J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106:6950-6955(2009) [PubMed: 19359471] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH MUC2, MUTAGENESIS OF CYS-81.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AF007791 mRNA. Translation: AAC77358.1. AF038451 mRNA. Translation: AAC82614.1. AF088867 mRNA. Translation: AAF22484.1. AF115926 mRNA. Translation: AAL54870.1. AF087879 mRNA. Translation: AAP97179.1. AY359009 mRNA. Translation: AAQ89368.1. BT007048 mRNA. Translation: AAP35697.1. AC073333 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAP22354.1. BC015503 mRNA. Translation: AAH15503.1.
IPI	IPI00942032.
PIR	JE0350.
RefSeq	NP_006399.1. NM_006408.3.
UniGene	Hs.530009.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	O95994.
SMR	O95994. Positions 44-174.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
DIP	DIP-48825N.
IntAct	O95994. 7 interactions.
MINT	MINT-2868509.
STRING	O95994.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	O95994.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000419304; ENSP00000391490; ENSG00000106541. ENST00000419572; ENSP00000388342; ENSG00000106541.
GeneID	10551.
KEGG	hsa:10551.
UCSC	uc003str.1. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	10551.
GeneCards	GC07M016797.
H-InvDB	HIX0006499.
HGNC	HGNC:328. AGR2.
HPA	HPA007912.
MIM	606358. gene.
neXtProt	NX_O95994.
PharmGKB	PA24625.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	prNOG07305.
HOVERGEN	HBG006516.
OrthoDB	EOG4KH2W7.
PhylomeDB	O95994.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	O95994.
Bgee	O95994.
CleanEx	HS_AGR2.
Genevestigator	O95994.
GermOnline	ENSG00000106541. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR012336. Thioredoxin-like_fold. [Graphical view]
Gene3D	G3DSA:3.40.30.10. Thioredoxin_fold. 1 hit.
SUPFAM	SSF52833. Thiordxn-like_fd. 1 hit.
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
NextBio	40021.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

AGR2_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: O95994

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	May 10, 2005
Last sequence update:	May 1, 1999
Last modified:	January 25, 2012
This is version 79 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.