O95782 (AP2A1_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
April 3, 2013.
Version 119.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: AP-2 complex subunit alpha-1 Alternative name(s): 100 kDa coated vesicle protein A Adapter-related protein complex 2 alpha-1 subunit Adaptor protein complex AP-2 subunit alpha-1 Alpha-adaptin A Alpha1-adaptin Clathrin assembly protein complex 2 alpha-A large chain Plasma membrane adaptor HA2/AP2 adaptin alpha A subunit | ||||
| Gene names |
| ||||
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 977 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Component of the adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2). Adaptor protein complexes function in protein transport via transport vesicles in different membrane traffic pathways. Adaptor protein complexes are vesicle coat components and appear to be involved in cargo selection and vesicle formation. AP-2 is involved in clathrin-dependent endocytosis in which cargo proteins are incorporated into vesicles surrounded by clathrin (clathrin-coated vesicles, CCVs) which are destined for fusion with the early endosome. The clathrin lattice serves as a mechanical scaffold but is itself unable to bind directly to membrane components. Clathrin-associated adaptor protein (AP) complexes which can bind directly to both the clathrin lattice and to the lipid and protein components of membranes are considered to be the major clathrin adaptors contributing the CCV formation. AP-2 also serves as a cargo receptor to selectively sort the membrane proteins involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis. AP-2 seems to play a role in the recycling of synaptic vesicle membranes from the presynaptic surface. AP-2 recognizes Y-X-X-[FILMV] (Y-X-X-Phi) and [ED]-X-X-X-L-[LI] endocytosis signal motifs within the cytosolic tails of transmembrane cargo molecules. AP-2 may also play a role in maintaining normal post-endocytic trafficking through the ARF6-regulated, non-clathrin pathway. The AP-2 alpha subunit binds polyphosphoinositide-containing lipids, positioning AP-2 on the membrane. The AP-2 alpha subunit acts via its C-terminal appendage domain as a scaffolding platform for endocytic accessory proteins. The AP-2 alpha and AP-2 sigma subunits are thought to contribute to the recognition of the [ED]-X-X-X-L-[LI] motif By similarity. Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.9 |
| Subunit structure | Adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2) is a heterotetramer composed of two large adaptins (alpha-type subunit AP2A1 or AP2A2 and beta-type subunit AP2B1), a medium adaptin (mu-type subunit AP2M1) and a small adaptin (sigma-type subunit AP2S1). Interacts with SGIP1 By similarity. Interacts with HIP1 and RAB11FIP2. Interacts with SLC12A5. Interacts with clathrin. Ref.5 Ref.6 |
| Subcellular location | Cell membrane By similarity. Membrane › coated pit; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side By similarity. Note: AP-2 appears to be excluded from internalizing CCVs and to disengage from sites of endocytosis seconds before internalization of the nascent CCV By similarity. |
| Tissue specificity | Isoform A expressed in forebrain, skeletal muscle, spinal cord, cerebellum, salivary gland, heart and colon. Isoform B is widely expressed in tissues and also in breast cancer and in prostate carcinoma cells. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the adaptor complexes large subunit family. |
| Sequence caution | The sequence AAD15564.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous gene model prediction. |
Ontologies
Alternative products
| This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform A (identifier: O95782-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform B (identifier: O95782-2) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 706-727: Missing. |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 977 | 977 | AP-2 complex subunit alpha-1 | PRO_0000193730 | |||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 626 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.10 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 650 | 1 | Phosphothreonine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 652 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.11 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 653 | 1 | Phosphothreonine Ref.11 Ref.13 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 655 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.11 | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 706 – 727 | 22 | Missing in isoform B. | VSP_000161 | |||||
| Natural variant | 270 | 1 | P → L. Ref.4 Corresponds to variant rs17851121 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_060544 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 804 | 1 | Q → H in AAL11039. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 804 | 1 | Q → H in AAL11040. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 924 – 977 | 54 | ENFVG…LAQQF → GDREDTRVWGMPGTFLRPFV FLFLFICCCLHSGGLGGVPL PPFPPQAQRGEGPGKWMSPP LPPHPVVAPPTPSPSRGCVL L in AAH14214. Ref.4 | ||||||
Sequences
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Cloning, physical mapping and structural characterization of the human alpha(A)-adaptin gene." Scorilas A., Levesque M.A., Ashworth L.K., Diamandis E.P. Gene 289:191-199(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (ISOFORMS A AND B). |
| [2] | "Towards a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs." Wiemann S., Weil B., Wellenreuther R., Gassenhuber J., Glassl S., Ansorge W., Boecher M., Bloecker H., Bauersachs S., Blum H., Lauber J., Duesterhoeft A., Beyer A., Koehrer K., Strack N., Mewes H.-W., Ottenwaelder B., Obermaier B. Poustka A.Genome Res. 11:422-435(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM B). Tissue: Uterus. |
| [3] | "The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19." Grimwood J., Gordon L.A., Olsen A.S., Terry A., Schmutz J., Lamerdin J.E., Hellsten U., Goodstein D., Couronne O., Tran-Gyamfi M., Aerts A., Altherr M., Ashworth L., Bajorek E., Black S., Branscomb E., Caenepeel S., Carrano A.V. Lucas S.M.Nature 428:529-535(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [4] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM B), VARIANT LEU-270. Tissue: Muscle. |
| [5] | "The huntingtin interacting protein HIP1 is a clathrin and alpha-adaptin-binding protein involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis." Waelter S., Scherzinger E., Hasenbank R., Nordhoff E., Lurz R., Goehler H., Gauss C., Sathasivam K., Bates G.P., Lehrach H., Wanker E.E. Hum. Mol. Genet. 10:1807-1817(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH HIP1. |
| [6] | "Rab11-FIP2, an adaptor protein connecting cellular components involved in internalization and recycling of epidermal growth factor receptors." Cullis D.N., Philip B., Baleja J.D., Feig L.A. J. Biol. Chem. 277:49158-49166(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH RAB11FIP2. |
| [7] | "Adaptor protein complexes as the key regulators of protein sorting in the post-Golgi network." Nakatsu F., Ohno H. Cell Struct. Funct. 28:419-429(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION OF THE AP-2 COMPLEX IN CLATHRIN-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS. |
| [8] | "Adaptors for clathrin coats: structure and function." Owen D.J., Collins B.M., Evans P.R. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 20:153-191(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION OF THE AP-2 COMPLEX IN CLATHRIN-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS. |
| [9] | "The adaptor complex AP-2 regulates post-endocytic trafficking through the non-clathrin Arf6-dependent endocytic pathway." Lau A.W., Chou M.M. J. Cell Sci. 121:4008-4017(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION OF THE AP-2 COMPLEX IN NON-CLATHRIN-DEPENDENT ENDOCYTOSIS. |
| [10] | "Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle." Daub H., Olsen J.V., Bairlein M., Gnad F., Oppermann F.S., Korner R., Greff Z., Keri G., Stemmann O., Mann M. Mol. Cell 31:438-448(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-626, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [11] | "A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation." Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E., Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-652; THR-653 AND SER-655, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [12] | "Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions." Mayya V., Lundgren D.H., Hwang S.-I., Rezaul K., Wu L., Eng J.K., Rodionov V., Han D.K. Sci. Signal. 2:RA46-RA46(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. Tissue: Leukemic T-cell. |
| [13] | "Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis." Olsen J.V., Vermeulen M., Santamaria A., Kumar C., Miller M.L., Jensen L.J., Gnad F., Cox J., Jensen T.S., Nigg E.A., Brunak S., Mann M. Sci. Signal. 3:RA3-RA3(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT THR-653, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [14] | "Initial characterization of the human central proteome." Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Buerckstuemmer T., Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J. BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | AF289221 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAL11039.1. AF289221 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAL11040.1. AL136925 mRNA. Translation: CAB66859.1. AC006942 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAD15564.1. Sequence problems. AC011495 Genomic DNA. No translation available. AC098783 Genomic DNA. No translation available. BC014214 mRNA. Translation: AAH14214.1. |
| IPI | IPI00256684. IPI00304577. |
| RefSeq | NP_055018.2. NM_014203.2. NP_570603.2. NM_130787.2. |
| UniGene | Hs.467125. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | O95782. |
| SMR | O95782. Positions 3-621, 746-977. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| IntAct | O95782. 17 interactions. |
| MINT | MINT-5002322. |
| STRING | 9606.ENSP00000351926. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | O95782. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PaxDb | O95782. |
| PRIDE | O95782. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| DNASU | 160. |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000354293; ENSP00000346246; ENSG00000196961. ENST00000359032; ENSP00000351926; ENSG00000196961. |
| GeneID | 160. |
| KEGG | hsa:160. |
| UCSC | uc002ppn.3. human. uc002ppo.3. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 160. |
| GeneCards | GC19P050270. |
| HGNC | HGNC:561. AP2A1. |
| HPA | CAB004306. |
| MIM | 601026. gene. |
| neXtProt | NX_O95782. |
| PharmGKB | PA24852. |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | NOG303101. |
| HOGENOM | HOG000170596. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG050518. |
| InParanoid | O95782. |
| KO | K11824. |
| OMA | NIKFRYG. |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| Pathway_Interaction_DB | arf_3pathway. Arf1 pathway. |
| Reactome | REACT_111045. Developmental Biology. REACT_111102. Signal Transduction. REACT_116125. Disease. REACT_13685. Neuronal System. REACT_6900. Immune System. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | O95782. |
| Bgee | O95782. |
| CleanEx | HS_AP2A1. |
| Genevestigator | O95782. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000196961. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| Gene3D | 1.25.10.10. 1 hit. 2.60.40.1030. 1 hit. 3.30.310.30. 1 hit. |
| InterPro | IPR017104. AP2_complex_asu. IPR011989. ARM-like. IPR016024. ARM-type_fold. IPR002553. Clathrin/coatomer_adapt-like_N. IPR013038. Clathrin_a-adaptin_app_Ig-like. IPR003164. Clathrin_a-adaptin_app_sub_C. IPR008152. Clathrin_a/b/g-adaptin_app_Ig. IPR015873. Clathrin_a/coatomer_app_sub_C. IPR009028. Coatomer/calthrin_app_sub_C. IPR013041. Coatomer/clathrin_app_Ig-like. [Graphical view] |
| Pfam | PF01602. Adaptin_N. 1 hit. PF02296. Alpha_adaptin_C. 1 hit. PF02883. Alpha_adaptinC2. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PIRSF | PIRSF037091. AP2_complex_alpha. 1 hit. |
| SMART | SM00809. Alpha_adaptinC2. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| SUPFAM | SSF55711. AP2_adap_app. 1 hit. SSF48371. ARM-type_fold. 1 hit. SSF49348. Clath_adapt. 1 hit. |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| ChiTaRS | AP2A1. human. |
| GenomeRNAi | 160. |
| NextBio | 637. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | AP2A1_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: O95782 Secondary accession number(s): Q96CI7 Q9H070 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
| ||||||||
| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 19 Human chromosome 19: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
