ID MPC2_HUMAN Reviewed; 127 AA. AC O95563; A8K261; Q3SXR6; Q6FIF3; DT 19-SEP-2002, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 01-MAY-1999, sequence version 1. DT 27-MAR-2024, entry version 166. DE RecName: Full=Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2; DE AltName: Full=Brain protein 44; GN Name=MPC2; Synonyms=BRP44; OS Homo sapiens (Human). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; OC Homo. OX NCBI_TaxID=9606; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. RA Rhodes S.; RL Submitted (JAN-1999) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. RC TISSUE=Brain; RX PubMed=11230166; DOI=10.1101/gr.gr1547r; RA Wiemann S., Weil B., Wellenreuther R., Gassenhuber J., Glassl S., RA Ansorge W., Boecher M., Bloecker H., Bauersachs S., Blum H., Lauber J., RA Duesterhoeft A., Beyer A., Koehrer K., Strack N., Mewes H.-W., RA Ottenwaelder B., Obermaier B., Tampe J., Heubner D., Wambutt R., Korn B., RA Klein M., Poustka A.; RT "Towards a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of RT 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs."; RL Genome Res. 11:422-435(2001). RN [3] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. RC TISSUE=Thalamus; RX PubMed=14702039; DOI=10.1038/ng1285; RA Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., RA Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., RA Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S., RA Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., RA Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., RA Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., RA Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., RA Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., RA Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., RA Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., RA Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., RA Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., RA Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., RA Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., RA Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., RA Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., RA Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., RA Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., RA Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., RA Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., RA Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., RA Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., RA Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., RA Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., RA Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., RA Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., RA Isogai T., Sugano S.; RT "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human RT cDNAs."; RL Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004). RN [4] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. RA Ebert L., Schick M., Neubert P., Schatten R., Henze S., Korn B.; RT "Cloning of human full open reading frames in Gateway(TM) system entry RT vector (pDONR201)."; RL Submitted (JUN-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [5] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RX PubMed=16710414; DOI=10.1038/nature04727; RA Gregory S.G., Barlow K.F., McLay K.E., Kaul R., Swarbreck D., Dunham A., RA Scott C.E., Howe K.L., Woodfine K., Spencer C.C.A., Jones M.C., Gillson C., RA Searle S., Zhou Y., Kokocinski F., McDonald L., Evans R., Phillips K., RA Atkinson A., Cooper R., Jones C., Hall R.E., Andrews T.D., Lloyd C., RA Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Ambrose K.D., Anderson F., Andrew R.W., RA Ashwell R.I.S., Aubin K., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., Bailey J., RA Beasley H., Bethel G., Bird C.P., Bray-Allen S., Brown J.Y., Brown A.J., RA Buckley D., Burton J., Bye J., Carder C., Chapman J.C., Clark S.Y., RA Clarke G., Clee C., Cobley V., Collier R.E., Corby N., Coville G.J., RA Davies J., Deadman R., Dunn M., Earthrowl M., Ellington A.G., Errington H., RA Frankish A., Frankland J., French L., Garner P., Garnett J., Gay L., RA Ghori M.R.J., Gibson R., Gilby L.M., Gillett W., Glithero R.J., RA Grafham D.V., Griffiths C., Griffiths-Jones S., Grocock R., Hammond S., RA Harrison E.S.I., Hart E., Haugen E., Heath P.D., Holmes S., Holt K., RA Howden P.J., Hunt A.R., Hunt S.E., Hunter G., Isherwood J., James R., RA Johnson C., Johnson D., Joy A., Kay M., Kershaw J.K., Kibukawa M., RA Kimberley A.M., King A., Knights A.J., Lad H., Laird G., Lawlor S., RA Leongamornlert D.A., Lloyd D.M., Loveland J., Lovell J., Lush M.J., RA Lyne R., Martin S., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M., Matthews L., Matthews N.S.W., RA McLaren S., Milne S., Mistry S., Moore M.J.F., Nickerson T., O'Dell C.N., RA Oliver K., Palmeiri A., Palmer S.A., Parker A., Patel D., Pearce A.V., RA Peck A.I., Pelan S., Phelps K., Phillimore B.J., Plumb R., Rajan J., RA Raymond C., Rouse G., Saenphimmachak C., Sehra H.K., Sheridan E., RA Shownkeen R., Sims S., Skuce C.D., Smith M., Steward C., Subramanian S., RA Sycamore N., Tracey A., Tromans A., Van Helmond Z., Wall M., Wallis J.M., RA White S., Whitehead S.L., Wilkinson J.E., Willey D.L., Williams H., RA Wilming L., Wray P.W., Wu Z., Coulson A., Vaudin M., Sulston J.E., RA Durbin R.M., Hubbard T., Wooster R., Dunham I., Carter N.P., McVean G., RA Ross M.T., Harrow J., Olson M.V., Beck S., Rogers J., Bentley D.R.; RT "The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1."; RL Nature 441:315-321(2006). RN [6] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RA Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., RA Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., RA Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., RA Turner R., Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., RA Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., RA Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., RA Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C.; RL Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [7] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; RG The MGC Project Team; RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: RT the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."; RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004). RN [8] RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RX PubMed=21269460; DOI=10.1186/1752-0509-5-17; RA Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Buerckstuemmer T., RA Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J.; RT "Initial characterization of the human central proteome."; RL BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011). RN [9] RP FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, AND TRANSPORTER ACTIVITY. RX PubMed=22628558; DOI=10.1126/science.1218099; RA Bricker D.K., Taylor E.B., Schell J.C., Orsak T., Boutron A., Chen Y.C., RA Cox J.E., Cardon C.M., Van Vranken J.G., Dephoure N., Redin C., Boudina S., RA Gygi S.P., Brivet M., Thummel C.S., Rutter J.; RT "A mitochondrial pyruvate carrier required for pyruvate uptake in yeast, RT Drosophila, and humans."; RL Science 337:96-100(2012). RN [10] RP FUNCTION, TRANSPORTER ACTIVITY, SUBUNIT, AND SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. RX PubMed=26253029; DOI=10.1016/j.molcel.2015.06.035; RA Compan V., Pierredon S., Vanderperre B., Krznar P., Marchiq I., Zamboni N., RA Pouyssegur J., Martinou J.C.; RT "Monitoring Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier Activity in Real Time Using a RT BRET-Based Biosensor: Investigation of the Warburg Effect."; RL Mol. Cell 59:491-501(2015). RN [11] RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RX PubMed=25944712; DOI=10.1002/pmic.201400617; RA Vaca Jacome A.S., Rabilloud T., Schaeffer-Reiss C., Rompais M., Ayoub D., RA Lane L., Bairoch A., Van Dorsselaer A., Carapito C.; RT "N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome."; RL Proteomics 15:2519-2524(2015). RN [12] RP FUNCTION, TRANSPORTER ACTIVITY, SUBUNIT, AND TOPOLOGY. RX PubMed=27317664; DOI=10.1074/jbc.m116.733840; RA Vanderperre B., Cermakova K., Escoffier J., Kaba M., Bender T., Nef S., RA Martinou J.C.; RT "MPC1-like Is a Placental Mammal-specific Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier RT Subunit Expressed in Postmeiotic Male Germ Cells."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 291:16448-16461(2016). RN [13] RP FUNCTION, TRANSPORTER ACTIVITY, SUBUNIT, AND BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES. RX PubMed=29472561; DOI=10.1038/s41598-018-21740-z; RA Nagampalli R.S.K., Quesnay J.E.N., Adamoski D., Islam Z., Birch J., RA Sebinelli H.G., Girard R.M.B.M., Ascencao C.F.R., Fala A.M., Pauletti B.A., RA Consonni S.R., de Oliveira J.F., Silva A.C.T., Franchini K.G., Leme A.F.P., RA Silber A.M., Ciancaglini P., Moraes I., Dias S.M.G., Ambrosio A.L.B.; RT "Human mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2 as an autonomous membrane RT transporter."; RL Sci. Rep. 8:3510-3510(2018). RN [14] RP SUBUNIT. RX PubMed=32403431; DOI=10.3390/ijms21093403; RA Lee J., Jin Z., Lee D., Yun J.H., Lee W.; RT "Characteristic Analysis of Homo- and Heterodimeric Complexes of Human RT Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier Related to Metabolic Diseases."; RL Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21:0-0(2020). CC -!- FUNCTION: Mediates the uptake of pyruvate into mitochondria. CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22628558, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26253029, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:27317664, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29472561}. CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=H(+)(out) + pyruvate(out) = H(+)(in) + pyruvate(in); CC Xref=Rhea:RHEA:64720, ChEBI:CHEBI:15361, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:22628558, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26253029, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:27317664, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29472561}; CC -!- BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: CC Kinetic parameters: CC KM=1.1 mM for pyruvate {ECO:0000269|PubMed:29472561}; CC -!- SUBUNIT: Homodimer (PubMed:32403431). Homooligomer (PubMed:29472561). CC Forms heterodimers with MPC1 and MPC1L. The heterodimer is the more CC stable and dominant form (PubMed:26253029, PubMed:32403431). CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:26253029, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29472561, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:32403431}. CC -!- INTERACTION: CC O95563; P02654: APOC1; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-719403, EBI-1220105; CC O95563; Q8WUW1: BRK1; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-719403, EBI-2837444; CC O95563; Q9UHD4: CIDEB; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-719403, EBI-7062247; CC O95563; Q9NR28: DIABLO; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-719403, EBI-517508; CC O95563; O00429-3: DNM1L; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-719403, EBI-6896746; CC O95563; Q01658: DR1; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-719403, EBI-750300; CC O95563; P29692-2: EEF1D; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-719403, EBI-5280572; CC O95563; Q9Y5Q9: GTF3C3; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-719403, EBI-1054873; CC O95563; Q5TGZ0: MICOS10; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-719403, EBI-12886442; CC O95563; Q9Y5U8: MPC1; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-719403, EBI-721137; CC O95563; P0DKB6: MPC1L; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-719403, EBI-44454819; CC O95563; O95563: MPC2; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-719403, EBI-719403; CC O95563; Q6NTF9-3: RHBDD2; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-719403, EBI-17589229; CC O95563; Q13596: SNX1; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-719403, EBI-2822329; CC O95563; Q9NZD8: SPG21; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-719403, EBI-742688; CC O95563; Q17RD7: SYT16; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-719403, EBI-10238936; CC O95563; Q53QW1: TEX44; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-719403, EBI-10278496; CC O95563; O60830: TIMM17B; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-719403, EBI-2372529; CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22628558, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26253029, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:29472561}; Multi-pass membrane protein CC {ECO:0000255}. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) CC (TC 2.A.105) family. {ECO:0000305}. CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; AL035304; CAA22909.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AL110297; CAB53738.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AK290126; BAF82815.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; CR407632; CAG28560.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; CR533473; CAG38504.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; Z97876; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; CH471067; EAW90814.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; BC104157; AAI04158.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BC104158; AAI04159.1; -; mRNA. DR CCDS; CCDS1266.1; -. DR PIR; T14797; T14797. DR RefSeq; NP_001137146.1; NM_001143674.3. DR RefSeq; NP_056230.1; NM_015415.3. DR RefSeq; XP_006711329.1; XM_006711266.3. DR AlphaFoldDB; O95563; -. DR SMR; O95563; -. DR BioGRID; 117389; 59. DR ComplexPortal; CPX-6154; Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier complex. DR ComplexPortal; CPX-8062; Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier complex, testis variant. DR IntAct; O95563; 36. DR MINT; O95563; -. DR STRING; 9606.ENSP00000271373; -. DR BindingDB; O95563; -. DR ChEMBL; CHEMBL4295686; -. DR GuidetoPHARMACOLOGY; 3023; -. DR TCDB; 2.A.105.1.2; the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (mpc) family. DR GlyGen; O95563; 1 site, 1 O-linked glycan (1 site). DR iPTMnet; O95563; -. DR PhosphoSitePlus; O95563; -. DR SwissPalm; O95563; -. DR BioMuta; MPC2; -. DR EPD; O95563; -. DR jPOST; O95563; -. DR MassIVE; O95563; -. DR MaxQB; O95563; -. DR PaxDb; 9606-ENSP00000356820; -. DR PeptideAtlas; O95563; -. DR ProteomicsDB; 50942; -. DR Pumba; O95563; -. DR TopDownProteomics; O95563; -. DR Antibodypedia; 34345; 230 antibodies from 26 providers. DR DNASU; 25874; -. DR Ensembl; ENST00000271373.9; ENSP00000271373.4; ENSG00000143158.11. DR Ensembl; ENST00000367846.8; ENSP00000356820.4; ENSG00000143158.11. DR GeneID; 25874; -. DR KEGG; hsa:25874; -. DR MANE-Select; ENST00000271373.9; ENSP00000271373.4; NM_001143674.4; NP_001137146.1. DR UCSC; uc001ges.4; human. DR AGR; HGNC:24515; -. DR CTD; 25874; -. DR DisGeNET; 25874; -. DR GeneCards; MPC2; -. DR HGNC; HGNC:24515; MPC2. DR HPA; ENSG00000143158; Low tissue specificity. DR MIM; 614737; gene. DR neXtProt; NX_O95563; -. DR OpenTargets; ENSG00000143158; -. DR PharmGKB; PA142672547; -. DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSG00000143158; -. DR eggNOG; KOG1589; Eukaryota. DR GeneTree; ENSGT00510000047120; -. DR InParanoid; O95563; -. DR OMA; PQQFAIC; -. DR OrthoDB; 590256at2759; -. DR PhylomeDB; O95563; -. DR TreeFam; TF300066; -. DR PathwayCommons; O95563; -. DR Reactome; R-HSA-70268; Pyruvate metabolism. DR SignaLink; O95563; -. DR BioGRID-ORCS; 25874; 23 hits in 1160 CRISPR screens. DR ChiTaRS; MPC2; human. DR GeneWiki; BRP44; -. DR GenomeRNAi; 25874; -. DR Pharos; O95563; Tbio. DR PRO; PR:O95563; -. DR Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome 1. DR RNAct; O95563; Protein. DR Bgee; ENSG00000143158; Expressed in sperm and 209 other cell types or tissues. DR ExpressionAtlas; O95563; baseline and differential. DR GO; GO:0098800; C:inner mitochondrial membrane protein complex; ISS:ComplexPortal. DR GO; GO:0005743; C:mitochondrial inner membrane; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0005739; C:mitochondrion; IDA:LIFEdb. DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; HDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0042802; F:identical protein binding; IPI:IntAct. DR GO; GO:0050833; F:pyruvate transmembrane transporter activity; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0006086; P:acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0006850; P:mitochondrial pyruvate transmembrane transport; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0035774; P:positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus; IEA:Ensembl. DR InterPro; IPR005336; MPC. DR PANTHER; PTHR14154:SF2; MITOCHONDRIAL PYRUVATE CARRIER 2; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR14154; UPF0041 BRAIN PROTEIN 44-RELATED; 1. DR Pfam; PF03650; MPC; 1. DR Genevisible; O95563; HS. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW Membrane; Mitochondrion; Mitochondrion inner membrane; Reference proteome; KW Transmembrane; Transmembrane helix; Transport. FT CHAIN 1..127 FT /note="Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2" FT /id="PRO_0000212793" FT TOPO_DOM 2..40 FT /note="Mitochondrial matrix" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305|PubMed:27317664" FT TRANSMEM 41..61 FT /note="Helical" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 62..72 FT /note="Mitochondrial intermembrane" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305|PubMed:27317664" FT TRANSMEM 73..90 FT /note="Helical" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 91..95 FT /note="Mitochondrial matrix" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305|PubMed:27317664" FT TRANSMEM 96..115 FT /note="Helical" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 116..127 FT /note="Mitochondrial intermembrane" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305|PubMed:27317664" SQ SEQUENCE 127 AA; 14279 MW; D82E5879AB2EEA68 CRC64; MSAAGARGLR ATYHRLLDKV ELMLPEKLRP LYNHPAGPRT VFFWAPIMKW GLVCAGLADM ARPAEKLSTA QSAVLMATGF IWSRYSLVII PKNWSLFAVN FFVGAAGASQ LFRIWRYNQE LKAKAHK //