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O95453 (PARN_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Last modified January 25, 2012. Version 97. Feed History...

Clusters with 100%, 90%, 50% identity | Documents (4) | Third-party data text xml rdf/xml gff fasta
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Names and origin

Protein namesRecommended name:
Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease PARN

EC=3.1.13.4
Alternative name(s):
Deadenylating nuclease
Deadenylation nuclease
Polyadenylate-specific ribonuclease
Gene names
Name:PARN
Synonyms:DAN
OrganismHomo sapiens (Human)
Taxonomic identifier9606 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageEukaryotaMetazoaChordataCraniataVertebrataEuteleostomiMammaliaEutheriaEuarchontogliresPrimatesHaplorrhiniCatarrhiniHominidaeHomo

Protein attributes

Sequence length639 AA.
Sequence statusComplete.
Protein existenceEvidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function

3'-exoribonuclease that has a preference for poly(A) tails of mRNAs, thereby efficiently degrading poly(A) tails. Exonucleolytic degradation of the poly(A) tail is often the first step in the decay of eukaryotic mRNAs and is also used to silence certain maternal mRNAs translationally during oocyte maturation and early embryonic development. Interacts with both the 3'-end poly(A) tail and the 5'-end cap structure during degradation, the interaction with the cap structure being required for an efficient degradation of poly(A) tails. Involved in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, a critical process of selective degradation of mRNAs that contain premature stop codons. Also involved in degradation of inherently unstable mRNAs that contain AU-rich elements (AREs) in their 3'-UTR, possibly via its interaction with KHSRP. Probably mediates the removal of poly(A) tails of AREs mRNAs, which constitutes the first step of destabilization. Ref.1 Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.12 Ref.13

Catalytic activity

Exonucleolytic cleavage of poly(A) to 5'-AMP. Ref.1 Ref.6

Cofactor

Divalent metal cations. Mg2+ is the most probable. Ref.8 Ref.14

Subunit structure

Homodimer. Interacts with KHSRP and CELF1/CUGBP1. Found in a mRNA decay complex with RENT1, RENT2 and RENT3B. Ref.6 Ref.13 Ref.17 Ref.22

Subcellular location

Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Nucleusnucleolus. Note: Some nuclear fraction is nucleolar. Ref.1 Ref.10

Tissue specificity

Ubiquitous. Ref.1 Ref.5

Post-translational modification

Phosphorylation by MAPKAPK2, preventing GADD45A mRNA degradation after genotoxic stress.

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the CAF1 family.

Contains 1 R3H domain.

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature keyPosition(s)LengthDescriptionGraphical viewFeature identifier

Molecule processing

Chain1 – 639639Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease PARN
PRO_0000212851

Regions

Domain178 – 24568R3H

Sites

Metal binding281Divalent metal cation; catalytic Probable
Metal binding301Divalent metal cation; catalytic Probable
Metal binding2921Divalent metal cation; catalytic Probable
Metal binding3821Divalent metal cation; catalytic Probable
Site3261Interaction with poly(A)

Amino acid modifications

Modified residue1631Phosphoserine Ref.16 Ref.19 Ref.20
Modified residue2201N6-acetyllysine Ref.21
Modified residue4991N6-acetyllysine Ref.21
Modified residue5571Phosphoserine; by MAPKAPK2 Ref.16 Ref.18 Ref.20 Ref.23
Modified residue5871Phosphoserine Ref.19
Modified residue6191Phosphoserine Ref.15 Ref.19
Modified residue6231Phosphoserine Ref.19
Modified residue6281Phosphoserine Ref.19

Experimental info

Mutagenesis281D → A: Loss of function but does not abolish ability to bind RNA. Induces a decrease in degradation of mRNAs containing AREs. Ref.9 Ref.12 Ref.14
Mutagenesis281D → C: Loss of function in the presence of Mg(2+) but not in the presence of Mn(2+), Zn(2+), Co(2+) or Cd(2+). Ref.9 Ref.12 Ref.14
Mutagenesis301E → A: Loss of function but does not abolish ability to bind RNA. Induces a decrease in degradation of mRNAs containing AREs. Ref.9 Ref.12 Ref.14
Mutagenesis301E → C: Loss of function in the presence of Mg(2+), Mn(2+), Zn(2+), Co(2+) or Cd(2+). Ref.9 Ref.12 Ref.14
Mutagenesis311F → A: Reduced affinity for poly(A). Loss of activity. Ref.22
Mutagenesis341I → A: Reduced affinity for poly(A). Strongly reduced activity. Ref.22
Mutagenesis1131I → A: Loss of dimerization. Loss of activity. Ref.22
Mutagenesis1151F → A: Reduced affinity for poly(A). Little effect on activity.
Mutagenesis1231F → A: Loss of dimerization. Loss of activity. Ref.22
Mutagenesis2921D → A: Loss of function but does not abolish ability to bind RNA. Ref.9 Ref.14
Mutagenesis2921D → C: Loss of function in the presence of Mg(2+) but not in the presence of Mn(2+), Zn(2+), Co(2+) or Cd(2+). Ref.9 Ref.14
Mutagenesis3261K → A: Reduced affinity for poly(A). Little effect on activity.
Mutagenesis3771H → A: Loss of activity. Ref.22
Mutagenesis3821D → A: Loss of function but does not abolish ability to bind RNA. Induces a decrease in degradation of mRNAs containing AREs. Ref.9 Ref.12 Ref.14
Mutagenesis3821D → C: Loss of function in the presence of Mg(2+) but not in the presence of Mn(2+), Zn(2+), Co(2+) or Cd(2+). Ref.9 Ref.12 Ref.14
Mutagenesis5571S → A: Strong reduction of phosphorylation by MAPKAPK2.

Secondary structure

.................................................. 639
Helix Strand Turn

Details...

Sequences

Sequence LengthMass (Da)Tools
O95453 [UniParc].

Last modified May 1, 1999. Version 1.
Checksum: 6994BE39384DF7AC

FASTA63973,451
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MEIIRSNFKS NLHKVYQAIE EADFFAIDGE FSGISDGPSV SALTNGFDTP EERYQKLKKH 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
SMDFLLFQFG LCTFKYDYTD SKYITKSFNF YVFPKPFNRS SPDVKFVCQS SSIDFLASQG 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
FDFNKVFRNG IPYLNQEEER QLREQYDEKR SQANGAGALS YVSPNTSKCP VTIPEDQKKF 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
IDQVVEKIED LLQSEENKNL DLEPCTGFQR KLIYQTLSWK YPKGIHVETL ETEKKERYIV 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
ISKVDEEERK RREQQKHAKE QEELNDAVGF SRVIHAIANS GKLVIGHNML LDVMHTVHQF 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
YCPLPADLSE FKEMTTCVFP RLLDTKLMAS TQPFKDIINN TSLAELEKRL KETPFNPPKV 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
ESAEGFPSYD TASEQLHEAG YDAYITGLCF ISMANYLGSF LSPPKIHVSA RSKLIEPFFN 

       430        440        450        460        470        480 
KLFLMRVMDI PYLNLEGPDL QPKRDHVLHV TFPKEWKTSD LYQLFSAFGN IQISWIDDTS 

       490        500        510        520        530        540 
AFVSLSQPEQ VKIAVNTSKY AESYRIQTYA EYMGRKQEEK QIKRKWTEDS WKEADSKRLN 

       550        560        570        580        590        600 
PQCIPYTLQN HYYRNNSFTA PSTVGKRNLS PSQEEAGLED GVSGEISDTE LEQTDSCAEP 

       610        620        630 
LSEGRKKAKK LKRMKKELSP AGSISKNSPA TLFEVPDTW 

« Hide

References

« Hide 'large scale' references
[1]"The deadenylating nuclease (DAN) is involved in poly(A) tail removal during the meiotic maturation of Xenopus oocytes."
Koerner C.G., Wormington M., Muckenthaler M., Schneider S., Dehlin E., Wahle E.
EMBO J. 17:5427-5437(1998) [PubMed: 9736620] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, ENZYME ACTIVITY, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[2]"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs."
Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. expand/collapse author list , Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., Isogai T., Sugano S.
Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed: 14702039] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
Tissue: Placenta.
[3]Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. expand/collapse author list , Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C.
Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[4]"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
The MGC Project Team
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
Tissue: Testis.
[5]"The human gene for the poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) maps to 16p13 and has a truncated copy in the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome region on 15q11-->q13."
Buiting K., Koerner C., Ulrich B., Wahle E., Horsthemke B.
Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 87:125-131(1999) [PubMed: 10640832] [Abstract]
Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[6]"A 54-kDa fragment of the Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease is an oligomeric, processive, and cap-interacting Poly(A)-specific 3' exonuclease."
Martinez J., Ren Y.-G., Thuresson A.-C., Hellman U., Aastroem J., Virtanen A.
J. Biol. Chem. 275:24222-24230(2000) [PubMed: 10801819] [Abstract]
Cited for: ENZYME ACTIVITY, SUBUNIT, IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[7]"Interaction between a poly(A)-specific ribonuclease and the 5' cap influences mRNA deadenylation rates in vitro."
Gao M., Fritz D.T., Ford L.P., Wilusz J.
Mol. Cell 5:479-488(2000) [PubMed: 10882133] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION.
[8]"The mRNA cap structure stimulates rate of poly(A) removal and amplifies processivity of degradation."
Martinez J., Ren Y.-G., Nilsson P., Ehrenberg M., Virtanen A.
J. Biol. Chem. 276:27923-27929(2001) [PubMed: 11359775] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION, COFACTOR.
[9]"Identification of the active site of poly(A)-specific ribonuclease by site-directed mutagenesis and Fe(2+)-mediated cleavage."
Ren Y.-G., Martinez J., Virtanen A.
J. Biol. Chem. 277:5982-5987(2002) [PubMed: 11742007] [Abstract]
Cited for: MUTAGENESIS OF ASP-28; GLU-30; ASP-292 AND ASP-382.
[10]"Functional proteomic analysis of human nucleolus."
Scherl A., Coute Y., Deon C., Calle A., Kindbeiter K., Sanchez J.-C., Greco A., Hochstrasser D.F., Diaz J.-J.
Mol. Biol. Cell 13:4100-4109(2002) [PubMed: 12429849] [Abstract]
Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS], MASS SPECTROMETRY.
Tissue: Cervix carcinoma.
[11]"Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in mammalian cells involves decapping, deadenylating, and exonucleolytic activities."
Lejeune F., Li X., Maquat L.E.
Mol. Cell 12:675-687(2003) [PubMed: 14527413] [Abstract]
Cited for: IDENTIFICATION IN A MRNA DECAY COMPLEX WITH RENT1; RENT2 AND RENT3B.
[12]"Tristetraprolin and its family members can promote the cell-free deadenylation of AU-rich element-containing mRNAs by poly(A) ribonuclease."
Lai W.S., Kennington E.A., Blackshear P.J.
Mol. Cell. Biol. 23:3798-3812(2003) [PubMed: 12748283] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF ASP-28; GLU-30 AND ASP-382.
[13]"A KH domain RNA binding protein, KSRP, promotes ARE-directed mRNA turnover by recruiting the degradation machinery."
Gherzi R., Lee K.-Y., Briata P., Wegmueller D., Moroni C., Karin M., Chen C.-Y.
Mol. Cell 14:571-583(2004) [PubMed: 15175153] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH KHSRP.
[14]"Coordination of divalent metal ions in the active site of poly(A)-specific ribonuclease."
Ren Y.-G., Kirsebom L.A., Virtanen A.
J. Biol. Chem. 279:48702-48706(2004) [PubMed: 15358788] [Abstract]
Cited for: COFACTOR, MUTAGENESIS OF ASP-28; GLU-30; ASP-292 AND ASP-382.
[15]"Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks."
Olsen J.V., Blagoev B., Gnad F., Macek B., Kumar C., Mortensen P., Mann M.
Cell 127:635-648(2006) [PubMed: 17081983] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-619, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
Tissue: Cervix carcinoma.
[16]"A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization."
Beausoleil S.A., Villen J., Gerber S.A., Rush J., Gygi S.P.
Nat. Biotechnol. 24:1285-1292(2006) [PubMed: 16964243] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-163 AND SER-557, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
Tissue: Cervix carcinoma.
[17]"CUG-BP binds to RNA substrates and recruits PARN deadenylase."
Moraes K.C., Wilusz C.J., Wilusz J.
RNA 12:1084-1091(2006) [PubMed: 16601207] [Abstract]
Cited for: INTERACTION WITH CELF1.
[18]"A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation."
Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E., Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008) [PubMed: 18669648] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-557, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
Tissue: Cervix carcinoma.
[19]"Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach."
Gauci S., Helbig A.O., Slijper M., Krijgsveld J., Heck A.J., Mohammed S.
Anal. Chem. 81:4493-4501(2009) [PubMed: 19413330] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-163; SER-587; SER-619; SER-623 AND SER-628, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
Tissue: Embryonic kidney.
[20]"Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions."
Mayya V., Lundgren D.H., Hwang S.-I., Rezaul K., Wu L., Eng J.K., Rodionov V., Han D.K.
Sci. Signal. 2:RA46-RA46(2009) [PubMed: 19690332] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-163 AND SER-557, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
Tissue: Leukemic T-cell.
[21]"Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions."
Choudhary C., Kumar C., Gnad F., Nielsen M.L., Rehman M., Walther T., Olsen J.V., Mann M.
Science 325:834-840(2009) [PubMed: 19608861] [Abstract]
Cited for: ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT LYS-220 AND LYS-499, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[22]"Structural insight into poly(A) binding and catalytic mechanism of human PARN."
Wu M., Reuter M., Lilie H., Liu Y., Wahle E., Song H.
EMBO J. 24:4082-4093(2005) [PubMed: 16281054] [Abstract]
Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.6 ANGSTROMS) OF 1-430 IN COMPLEX WITH DNA, MUTAGENESIS OF PHE-31; ILE-34; ILE-113; PHE-123 AND HIS-377, SUBUNIT.
[23]"DNA damage activates a spatially distinct late cytoplasmic cell-cycle checkpoint network controlled by MK2-mediated RNA stabilization."
Reinhardt H.C., Hasskamp P., Schmedding I., Morandell S., van Vugt M.A., Wang X., Linding R., Ong S.E., Weaver D., Carr S.A., Yaffe M.B.
Mol. Cell 40:34-49(2010) [PubMed: 20932473] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-557 BY MAPKAPK2, PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-557.
+Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases

EMBL
GenBank
DDBJ
AJ005698 mRNA. Translation: CAA06683.1.
AK315020 mRNA. Translation: BAG37510.1.
CH471112 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW85110.1.
BC050029 mRNA. Translation: AAH50029.1.
IPIIPI00294744.
RefSeqNP_002573.1. NM_002582.3.
UniGeneHs.253197.

3D structure databases

PDBe
RCSB PDB
PDBj
EntryMethodResolution (Å)ChainPositionsPDBsum
2A1RX-ray2.60A/B1-430[»]
2A1SX-ray2.60A/B/C/D1-430[»]
3CTRX-ray2.10A445-540[»]
ProteinModelPortalO95453.
SMRO95453. Positions 1-514.
ModBaseSearch...

Protein-protein interaction databases

IntActO95453. 2 interactions.
STRINGO95453.

PTM databases

PhosphoSiteO95453.

2D gel databases

SWISS-2DPAGEO95453.

Proteomic databases

PRIDEO95453.

Protocols and materials databases

StructuralBiologyKnowledgebaseSearch...

Genome annotation databases

EnsemblENST00000437198; ENSP00000387911; ENSG00000140694.
GeneID5073.
KEGGhsa:5073.
UCSCuc002dcl.1. human.

Organism-specific databases

CTD5073.
GeneCardsGC16M014437.
H-InvDBHIX0012830.
HGNCHGNC:8609. PARN.
HPACAB011673.
HPA006314.
HPA012010.
MIM604212. gene.
neXtProtNX_O95453.
GenAtlasSearch...

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGprNOG08602.
GeneTreeENSGT00530000063673.
HOGENOMHBG445122.
HOVERGENHBG053512.
InParanoidO95453.
OMAQKLKKHS.
PhylomeDBO95453.

Enzyme and pathway databases

BRENDA3.1.13.4. 2681.
ReactomeREACT_111217. Metabolism.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpressO95453.
BgeeO95453.
CleanExHS_PARN.
GenevestigatorO95453.
GermOnlineENSG00000140694. Homo sapiens.

Family and domain databases

InterProIPR012677. Nucleotide-bd_a/b_plait.
IPR014789. PolyA-riboNase_RNA_binding.
IPR001374. R3H_ss-bd.
IPR006941. RNase_CAF1.
IPR012337. RNaseH-like_dom.
[Graphical view]
Gene3DG3DSA:3.30.70.330. a_b_plait_nuc_bd. 1 hit.
KOK01148.
PfamPF04857. CAF1. 1 hit.
PF01424. R3H. 1 hit.
PF08675. RNA_bind. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
SUPFAMSSF53098. RNaseH_fold. 1 hit.
PROSITEPS51061. R3H. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
ProtoNetSearch...

Other

NextBio19548.
SOURCESearch...

Entry information

Entry namePARN_HUMAN
AccessionPrimary (citable) accession number: O95453
Secondary accession number(s): B2RCB3
Entry history
Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: March 1, 2005
Last sequence update: May 1, 1999
Last modified: January 25, 2012
This is version 97 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]
Entry statusReviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation programChordata Protein Annotation Program
DisclaimerAny medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.

Relevant documents

Human chromosome 16

Human chromosome 16: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM

MIM cross-references

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

PDB cross-references

Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references

SIMILARITY comments

Index of protein domains and families