O94817 (ATG12_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Ubiquitin-like protein ATG12

Alternative name(s):
Autophagy-related protein 12
Short name=APG12-like

Gene names

Name:	ATG12
Synonyms:	APG12, APG12L

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human)

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	140 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Ubiquitin-like protein required for autophagy. Conjugated to ATG3 and ATG5.
Subcellular location	Cytoplasm By similarity.
Tissue specificity	Ubiquitous. Ref.1
Domain	Shares weak sequence similarity with ubiquitin family, but contains an 'ubiquitin superfold' and the C-terminal Gly is required for isopeptide linkage. Ref.4
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the ATG12 family.
Sequence caution	The sequence AAH12266.2 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. Translation N-terminally shortened.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Autophagy Ubl conjugation pathway
Cellular component	Cytoplasm
Coding sequence diversity	Alternative splicing
PTM	Isopeptide bond
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	autophagic vacuole assembly Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB innate immune response Traceable author statement. Source: Reactome negative regulation of type I interferon production Traceable author statement. Source: Reactome
Cellular component	pre-autophagosomal structure membrane Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB
Molecular function	protein binding Inferred from physical interaction Ref.1. Source: UniProtKB
Complete GO annotation...

Alternative products

This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]

Isoform 1 (identifier: O94817-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

Isoform 2 (identifier: O94817-4)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     56-74: DILLKAVGDTPIMKTKKWA → YLCESVLCSFPRPRSWNSL
     75-140: Missing.

Note: No experimental confirmation available.

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 140	140	Ubiquitin-like protein ATG12		PRO_0000212471
Amino acid modifications
	Cross-link	140		Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Gly-Lys) (interchain with K-? in acceptor protein)
Natural variations
	Alternative sequence	56 – 74	19	DILLK…TKKWA → YLCESVLCSFPRPRSWNSL in isoform 2.		VSP_018104
	Alternative sequence	75 – 140	66	Missing in isoform 2.		VSP_018105

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Isoform 1 [UniParc]. Last modified May 1, 1999. Version 1. Checksum: 109258521C2D194F	FASTA	140	15,113
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MAEEPQSVLQ LPTSIAAGGE GLTDVSPETT TPEPPSSAAV SPGTEEPAGD TKKKIDILLK 70 80 90 100 110 120 AVGDTPIMKT KKWAVERTRT IQGLIDFIKK FLKLVASEQL FIYVNQSFAP SPDQEVGTLY 130 140 ECFGSDGKLV LHYCKSQAWG
	Isoform 2 [UniParc]. Checksum: 21346AAD91E00D16	FASTA	74	7,746
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MAEEPQSVLQ LPTSIAAGGE GLTDVSPETT TPEPPSSAAV SPGTEEPAGD TKKKIYLCES 70 VLCSFPRPRS WNSL

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"A new protein conjugation system in human. The counterpart of the yeast Apg12p conjugation system essential for autophagy." Mizushima N., Sugita H., Yoshimori T., Ohsumi Y. J. Biol. Chem. 273:33889-33892(1998) [PubMed: 9852036] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), CONJUGATION TO ATG5, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[2]	"The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 5." Schmutz J., Martin J., Terry A., Couronne O., Grimwood J., Lowry S., Gordon L.A., Scott D., Xie G., Huang W., Hellsten U., Tran-Gyamfi M., She X., Prabhakar S., Aerts A., Altherr M., Bajorek E., Black S. , Branscomb E., Caoile C., Challacombe J.F., Chan Y.M., Denys M., Detter J.C., Escobar J., Flowers D., Fotopulos D., Glavina T., Gomez M., Gonzales E., Goodstein D., Grigoriev I., Groza M., Hammon N., Hawkins T., Haydu L., Israni S., Jett J., Kadner K., Kimball H., Kobayashi A., Lopez F., Lou Y., Martinez D., Medina C., Morgan J., Nandkeshwar R., Noonan J.P., Pitluck S., Pollard M., Predki P., Priest J., Ramirez L., Retterer J., Rodriguez A., Rogers S., Salamov A., Salazar A., Thayer N., Tice H., Tsai M., Ustaszewska A., Vo N., Wheeler J., Wu K., Yang J., Dickson M., Cheng J.-F., Eichler E.E., Olsen A., Pennacchio L.A., Rokhsar D.S., Richardson P., Lucas S.M., Myers R.M., Rubin E.M. Nature 431:268-274(2004) [PubMed: 15372022] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[3]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2). Tissue: Brain and Ovary.
[4]	"The Atg8 and Atg12 ubiquitin-like conjugation systems in macroautophagy. 'Protein modifications: beyond the usual suspects' review series." Geng J., Klionsky D.J. EMBO Rep. 9:859-864(2008) [PubMed: 18704115] [Abstract] Cited for: DOMAIN.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AB017507 mRNA. Translation: BAA36493.1. AC026449 Genomic DNA. No translation available. BC011033 mRNA. Translation: AAH11033.1. BC012266 mRNA. Translation: AAH12266.2. Different initiation.
IPI	IPI00005881. IPI00449147.
RefSeq	NP_004698.3. NM_004707.3.
UniGene	Hs.264482.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	O94817.
SMR	O94817. Positions 53-139.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
DIP	DIP-46466N.
IntAct	O94817. 15 interactions.
MINT	MINT-1434758.
STRING	O94817.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	O94817.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000274459; ENSP00000274459; ENSG00000145782.
GeneID	9140.
KEGG	hsa:9140.
UCSC	uc003krh.1. human. uc003kri.1. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	9140.
GeneCards	GC05M115195.
HGNC	HGNC:588. ATG12.
HPA	CAB013272.
MIM	609608. gene.
neXtProt	NX_O94817.
PharmGKB	PA24879.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	prNOG17832.
GeneTree	ENSGT00390000016654.
HOVERGEN	HBG080875.
InParanoid	O94817.
PhylomeDB	O94817.
Enzyme and pathway databases
Reactome	REACT_6900. Immune System.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	O94817.
Bgee	O94817.
CleanEx	HS_ATG12.
Genevestigator	O94817.
GermOnline	ENSG00000145782. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR007242. Autophagy-rel_prot_12. [Graphical view]
KO	K08336.
PANTHER	PTHR13385. APG12. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF04110. APG12. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
NextBio	34279.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

ATG12_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: O94817
Secondary accession number(s): Q6PJV2

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	November 16, 2001
Last sequence update:	May 1, 1999
Last modified:	January 25, 2012
This is version 94 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.