Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot O94817 (ATG12_HUMAN)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Autophagy-related protein 12
Alternative name(s):
    APG12-like

Gene names

Name:	ATG12
Synonyms:	APG12, APG12L

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human)

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	140 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Required for autophagy.
Subunit structure	Conjugated to ATG5.
Subcellular location	Cytoplasm By similarity.
Tissue specificity	Ubiquitous. Ref.1
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the ATG12 family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Autophagy Ubl conjugation pathway
Cellular component	Cytoplasm
Coding sequence diversity	Alternative splicing
PTM	Isopeptide bond
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	autophagic vacuole formation Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB modification-dependent protein catabolic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular component	pre-autophagosomal structure membrane Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB
Molecular function	protein binding Ref.1 Inferred from physical interaction. Source: UniProtKB
Complete GO annotation...

Binary interactions

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct	Notes
ATG10	Q9H0Y0	1	EBI-746742,EBI-1048913
ATG16L1	Q676U5	1	EBI-746742,EBI-535909
ATG5	Q9H1Y0	1	EBI-746742,EBI-1047414
AUP1	Q9Y679	1	EBI-746742,EBI-1058701
DHX36	Q9H2U1	1	EBI-746742,EBI-1047643
OTUD4	Q01804	1	EBI-746742,EBI-1054396
SF3A1	Q15459	1	EBI-746742,EBI-1054743
SF3B1	O75533	1	EBI-746742,EBI-876542

Alternative products

This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]

Isoform 1 (identifier: O94817-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

Isoform 2 (identifier: O94817-4)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     56-74: DILLKAVGDTPIMKTKKWA → YLCESVLCSFPRPRSWNSL
     75-140: Missing.

Note: No experimental confirmation available.

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 140	140	Autophagy-related protein 12		PRO_0000212471
Amino acid modifications
	Cross-link	140		Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Gly-Lys) (interchain with K-130 in ATG5)
Natural variations
	Alternative sequence	56 – 74	19	DILLK…TKKWA → YLCESVLCSFPRPRSWNSL in isoform 2.		VSP_018104
	Alternative sequence	75 – 140	66	Missing in isoform 2.		VSP_018105

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Isoform 1 [UniParc]. Last modified May 1, 1999. Version 1. Checksum: 109258521C2D194F	FASTA	140	15,113
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MAEEPQSVLQ LPTSIAAGGE GLTDVSPETT TPEPPSSAAV SPGTEEPAGD TKKKIDILLK 70 80 90 100 110 120 AVGDTPIMKT KKWAVERTRT IQGLIDFIKK FLKLVASEQL FIYVNQSFAP SPDQEVGTLY 130 140 ECFGSDGKLV LHYCKSQAWG
	Isoform 2. Checksum: 21346AAD91E00D16	FASTA	74	7,746
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MAEEPQSVLQ LPTSIAAGGE GLTDVSPETT TPEPPSSAAV SPGTEEPAGD TKKKIYLCES 70 VLCSFPRPRS WNSL

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"A new protein conjugation system in human. The counterpart of the yeast Apg12p conjugation system essential for autophagy." Mizushima N., Sugita H., Yoshimori T., Ohsumi Y. J. Biol. Chem. 273:33889-33892(1998) [PubMed: 9852036] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), CONJUGATION TO ATG5, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[2]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2). Tissue: Brain and Ovary.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	AB017507 mRNA. Translation: BAA36493.1. BC011033 mRNA. Translation: AAH11033.1. BC012266 mRNA. Translation: AAH12266.2. Different initiation.
IPI	IPI00005881. IPI00449147.
RefSeq	NP_004698.2.
UniGene	Hs.264482
3D structure databases
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
IntAct	O94817. 47 interactions.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENSG00000145782. Homo sapiens. [Contig view]
GeneID	9140.
KEGG	hsa:9140.
Organism-specific databases
GeneCards	GC05M115195.
H-InvDB	HIX0005105.
HGNC	HGNC:588. ATG12.
HPA	CAB013272.
MIM	609608. gene.
PharmGKB	PA24879.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
HOGENOM	O94817.
HOVERGEN	O94817.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	O94817.
Bgee	O94817.
CleanEx	HS_ATG12.
GermOnline	ENSG00000145782. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR007242. Autophagy-rel_prot_12. [Graphical view]
PANTHER	PTHR13385. APG12. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF04110. APG12. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other Resources
NextBio	34279.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

ATG12_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: O94817
Secondary accession number(s): Q6PJV2

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	November 16, 2001
Last sequence update:	May 1, 1999
Last modified:	June 16, 2009
This is version 68 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HPI (Human Proteome Initiative)