vpr

Functionⁱ

During virus replication, may deplete host UNG protein, and incude G2-M cell cycle arrest. Acts by targeting specific host proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome, through association with the cellular CUL4A-DDB1 E3 ligase complex by direct interaction with host VPRPB/DCAF-1. Cell cycle arrest reportedly occurs within hours of infection and is not blocked by antiviral agents, suggesting that it is initiated by the VPR carried into the virion. Additionally, VPR induces apoptosis in a cell cycle dependent manner suggesting that these two effects are mechanistically linked. Detected in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patient, VPR may also induce cell death to bystander cells.UniRule annotation

During virus entry, plays a role in the transport of the viral pre-integration (PIC) complex to the host nucleus. This function is crucial for viral infection of non-dividing macrophages. May act directly at the nuclear pore complex, by binding nucleoporins phenylalanine-glycine (FG)-repeat regions.UniRule annotation

Miscellaneous

HIV-1 lineages are divided in three main groups, M (for Major), O (for Outlier), and N (for New, or Non-M, Non-O). The vast majority of strains found worldwide belong to the group M. Group O seems to be endemic to and largely confined to Cameroon and neighboring countries in West Central Africa, where these viruses represent a small minority of HIV-1 strains. The group N is represented by a limited number of isolates from Cameroonian persons. The group M is further subdivided in 9 clades or subtypes (A to D, F to H, J and K).UniRule annotation

GO - Biological processⁱ

cell cycle Source: UniProtKB-KW
ion transport Source: UniProtKB-KW
regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKB-KW
suppression by virus of G2/M transition of host mitotic cell cycle Source: UniProtKB-KW
transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKB-KW
viral entry into host cell Source: UniProtKB-KW
viral penetration into host nucleus Source: UniProtKB-KW

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Keywordsⁱ

Molecular function	Activator, Ion channel
Biological process	Apoptosis, Cell cycle, Host G2/M cell cycle arrest by virus, Host-virus interaction, Ion transport, Modulation of host cell cycle by virus, Transcription, Transcription regulation, Transport, Viral penetration into host nucleus, Virus entry into host cell

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Protein namesⁱ	Recommended name: Protein VprUniRule annotation Alternative name(s): R ORF proteinUniRule annotation Viral protein RUniRule annotation
Gene namesⁱ	Name:vprUniRule annotation
Organismⁱ	Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group N (isolate YBF30) (HIV-1)
Taxonomic identifierⁱ	388818 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageⁱ	Viruses › Retro-transcribing viruses › Retroviridae › Orthoretrovirinae › Lentivirus › Primate lentivirus group › Human immunodeficiency virus 1 › HIV-1 group N
Virus hostⁱ	Homo sapiens (Human) [TaxID: 9606]
Proteomesⁱ	UP000007420 Componentⁱ: Genome

Subcellular locationⁱ

Virion
UniRule annotation
Manual assertion according to rulesⁱ
- HAMAP-Rule:MF_04080
Host nucleus
UniRule annotation
Manual assertion according to rulesⁱ
- HAMAP-Rule:MF_04080
Host extracellular space
UniRule annotation
Manual assertion according to rulesⁱ
- HAMAP-Rule:MF_04080

Note:

Incorporation into virion is dependent on p6 GAG sequences. Lacks a canonical nuclear localization signal, thus import into nucleus may function independently of the human importin pathway. Detected in high quantity in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patient.UniRule annotation

GO - Cellular componentⁱ

extracellular space of host Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
host cell nucleus Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
virion Source: UniProtKB-SubCell

View the complete GO annotation on QuickGO ...

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Host nucleus, Virion

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

Keywords - Diseaseⁱ

AIDS

PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
ChainⁱPRO_0000246768	1 – 95	Protein VprAdd BLAST		95

Amino acid modifications

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Modified residueⁱ	79	Phosphoserine; by hostUniRule annotation	1
Modified residueⁱ	93	Phosphoserine; by hostUniRule annotation	1
Modified residueⁱ	95	Phosphoserine; by hostUniRule annotation	1

Post-translational modificationⁱ

Phosphorylated on several residues by host. These phosphorylations regulate VPR activity for the nuclear import of the HIV-1 pre-integration complex.UniRule annotation

Keywords - PTMⁱ

Phosphoprotein

Interactionⁱ

Subunit structureⁱ

Homooligomer, may form homodimer. Interacts with p6-gag region of the Pr55 Gag precursor protein through a (Leu-X-X)4 motif near the C-terminus of the P6gag protein. Interacts with host UNG. May interact with host RAD23A/HHR23A. Interacts with host VPRBP/DCAF1, leading to hijack the CUL4A-RBX1-DDB1-DCAF1/VPRBP complex, mediating ubiquitination of host proteins such as TERT and ZGPAT and arrest of the cell cycle in G2 phase.UniRule annotation

Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortalⁱ	O91082
SMRⁱ	O91082
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Family & Domainsⁱ

Region

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Regionⁱ	1 – 42	HomooligomerizationUniRule annotationAdd BLAST		42

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Belongs to the HIV-1 VPR protein family.UniRule annotation

Phylogenomic databases

Database of Orthologous Groups More...OrthoDBⁱ	VOG090001DK

OrthoDBⁱ

VOG090001DK

Family and domain databases

HAMAPⁱ	MF_04080 HIV_VPR, 1 hit
InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR000012 RetroV_VpR/X
Pfam protein domain database More...Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF00522 VPR, 1 hit
PRINTSⁱ	PR00444 HIVVPRVPX

Sequenceⁱ

Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

O91082-1 [UniParc]FASTA Add to basket

« Hide

        10         20         30         40         50
MERAPEDAGP QREPYNEWAL ELLEELKNEA VRHFPRIWLH GLGQHIYNTY 
        60         70         80         90 
GDTWEGVEAI IRILQQLLFI HYRIGCQHSR IGITPQRRRN GTSRS

Length:95

Mass (Da):11,235

Last modified:November 1, 1998 - v1

Checksum:ⁱ38857B3FCE9015D3

GO

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	AJ006022 Genomic DNA Translation: CAA06812.1

Select the link destinations:
EMBLⁱ
GenBankⁱ
DDBJⁱ

Links Updated

AJ006022 Genomic DNA Translation: CAA06812.1

Protein	Similar proteins	Organisms	Length	Cluster ID	Cluster name	Size
O91082	Q9IDV6 Q8ADZ7 E0AA26 Q6JN82 A0A1X9QG12 A0A1L7DY62 G9INP0 A0A1L7EHP2 V9MMW4 Q994R9 +187	Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group N (isolate YBF106) (HIV-1) Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype K (isolate 96CM-MP535) (HIV-1) HIV-1 CRF04_cpx	95	UniRef90_Q9IDV6	Cluster: Protein Vpr	198

Protein	Similar proteins	Organisms	Length	Cluster ID	Cluster name	Size
O91082	Q79668 Q6Y8W4 Q6Y927 O91132 A0A1V0G0K9 O91162 Q6Y8S0 C7G2T9 L7ZGG8 Q77375 +10226	Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group O (isolate MVP5180) (HIV-1) Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Human immunodeficiency virus Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group O (isolate ANT70) (HIV-1) Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate YU-2) (HIV-1) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate SC) (HIV-1) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype C (isolate ETH2220) (HIV-1) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype F2 (isolate MP255) (HIV-1) HIV-1 M_02CD.LBTB084 And more	100	UniRef50_Q79668	Cluster: Protein Vpr	10,237

Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	AJ006022 Genomic DNA Translation: CAA06812.1

Select the link destinations:
EMBLⁱ
GenBankⁱ
DDBJⁱ

Links Updated

AJ006022 Genomic DNA Translation: CAA06812.1

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortalⁱ	O91082
SMRⁱ	O91082
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Protocols and materials databases

Structural Biology Knowledgebase	Search...

Structural Biology Knowledgebase

Search...

Phylogenomic databases

Database of Orthologous Groups More...OrthoDBⁱ	VOG090001DK

OrthoDBⁱ

VOG090001DK

Family and domain databases

HAMAPⁱ	MF_04080 HIV_VPR, 1 hit
InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR000012 RetroV_VpR/X
Pfam protein domain database More...Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF00522 VPR, 1 hit
PRINTSⁱ	PR00444 HIVVPRVPX
ProtoNetⁱ	Search...

Entry informationⁱ

Entry nameⁱ	VPR_HV1YF
Accessionⁱ	O91082Primary (citable) accession number: O91082
Entry historyⁱ	Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	July 25, 2006
	Last sequence update:	November 1, 1998
	Last modified:	April 25, 2018
	This is version 82 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history.
Entry statusⁱ	Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation program	Viral Protein Annotation Program

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Complete proteome, Reference proteome

UniProtKB

UniParc

Help

UniRef

Proteomes

Annotation systems

Supporting data

UniProtKB - O91082 (VPR_HV1YF)

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Protein Vpr

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<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functioni

Miscellaneous

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Biological processi

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyi

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationi

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Cellular componenti

<p>This section provides information on the disease(s) and phenotype(s) associated with a protein.<p><a href='/help/pathology_and_biotech_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Pathology & Biotechi

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingi

Molecule processing

Amino acid modifications

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactioni

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structurei

3D structure databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsi

Region

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesi

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

Sequence databases

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesi

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protocols and materials databases

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationi

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousi

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Functionⁱ

GO - Biological processⁱ

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Subcellular locationⁱ

GO - Cellular componentⁱ

Pathology & Biotechⁱ

PTM / Processingⁱ

Interactionⁱ

Structureⁱ

Family & Domainsⁱ

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Cross-referencesⁱ

Entry informationⁱ

Miscellaneousⁱ