UniProtKB - O91082 (VPR_HV1YF)
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Protein
Protein Vpr
Gene
vpr
Organism
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group N (isolate YBF30) (HIV-1)
Status
Functioni
During virus replication, may deplete host UNG protein, and incude G2-M cell cycle arrest. Acts by targeting specific host proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome, through association with the cellular CUL4A-DDB1 E3 ligase complex by direct interaction with host VPRPB/DCAF-1. Cell cycle arrest reportedly occurs within hours of infection and is not blocked by antiviral agents, suggesting that it is initiated by the VPR carried into the virion. Additionally, VPR induces apoptosis in a cell cycle dependent manner suggesting that these two effects are mechanistically linked. Detected in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patient, VPR may also induce cell death to bystander cells.UniRule annotation
During virus entry, plays a role in the transport of the viral pre-integration (PIC) complex to the host nucleus. This function is crucial for viral infection of non-dividing macrophages. May act directly at the nuclear pore complex, by binding nucleoporins phenylalanine-glycine (FG)-repeat regions.UniRule annotation
Miscellaneous
HIV-1 lineages are divided in three main groups, M (for Major), O (for Outlier), and N (for New, or Non-M, Non-O). The vast majority of strains found worldwide belong to the group M. Group O seems to be endemic to and largely confined to Cameroon and neighboring countries in West Central Africa, where these viruses represent a small minority of HIV-1 strains. The group N is represented by a limited number of isolates from Cameroonian persons. The group M is further subdivided in 9 clades or subtypes (A to D, F to H, J and K).UniRule annotation
GO - Biological processi
- cell cycle Source: UniProtKB-KW
- ion transport Source: UniProtKB-KW
- regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKB-KW
- suppression by virus of G2/M transition of host mitotic cell cycle Source: UniProtKB-KW
- transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKB-KW
- viral entry into host cell Source: UniProtKB-KW
- viral penetration into host nucleus Source: UniProtKB-KW
Keywordsi
Names & Taxonomyi
Protein namesi | Recommended name: Protein VprUniRule annotationAlternative name(s): R ORF proteinUniRule annotation Viral protein RUniRule annotation |
Gene namesi | Name:vprUniRule annotation |
Organismi | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group N (isolate YBF30) (HIV-1) |
Taxonomic identifieri | 388818 [NCBI] |
Taxonomic lineagei | Viruses › Retro-transcribing viruses › Retroviridae › Orthoretrovirinae › Lentivirus › Primate lentivirus group › |
Virus hosti | Homo sapiens (Human) [TaxID: 9606] |
Proteomesi |
|
Subcellular locationi
- Virion UniRule annotation
- Host nucleus UniRule annotation
- Host extracellular space UniRule annotation Note: Incorporation into virion is dependent on p6 GAG sequences. Lacks a canonical nuclear localization signal, thus import into nucleus may function independently of the human importin pathway. Detected in high quantity in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patient.UniRule annotation
GO - Cellular componenti
- extracellular space of host Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
- host cell nucleus Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
- virion Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Keywords - Cellular componenti
Host nucleus, VirionPTM / Processingi
Molecule processing
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
ChainiPRO_0000246768 | 1 – 95 | Protein VprAdd BLAST | 95 |
Amino acid modifications
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Modified residuei | 79 | Phosphoserine; by hostUniRule annotation | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 93 | Phosphoserine; by hostUniRule annotation | 1 | |
Modified residuei | 95 | Phosphoserine; by hostUniRule annotation | 1 |
Post-translational modificationi
Phosphorylated on several residues by host. These phosphorylations regulate VPR activity for the nuclear import of the HIV-1 pre-integration complex.UniRule annotation
Keywords - PTMi
PhosphoproteinInteractioni
Subunit structurei
Homooligomer, may form homodimer. Interacts with p6-gag region of the Pr55 Gag precursor protein through a (Leu-X-X)4 motif near the C-terminus of the P6gag protein. Interacts with host UNG. May interact with host RAD23A/HHR23A. Interacts with host VPRBP/DCAF1, leading to hijack the CUL4A-RBX1-DDB1-DCAF1/VPRBP complex, mediating ubiquitination of host proteins such as TERT and ZGPAT and arrest of the cell cycle in G2 phase.UniRule annotation
Structurei
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortali | O91082 |
SMRi | O91082 |
ModBasei | Search... |
MobiDBi | Search... |
Family & Domainsi
Region
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Regioni | 1 – 42 | HomooligomerizationUniRule annotationAdd BLAST | 42 |
Sequence similaritiesi
Belongs to the HIV-1 VPR protein family.UniRule annotation
Phylogenomic databases
OrthoDBi | VOG090001DK |
Family and domain databases
HAMAPi | MF_04080 HIV_VPR, 1 hit |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR000012 RetroV_VpR/X |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF00522 VPR, 1 hit |
PRINTSi | PR00444 HIVVPRVPX |
i Sequence
Sequence statusi: Complete.
O91082-1 [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket
10 20 30 40 50
MERAPEDAGP QREPYNEWAL ELLEELKNEA VRHFPRIWLH GLGQHIYNTY
60 70 80 90
GDTWEGVEAI IRILQQLLFI HYRIGCQHSR IGITPQRRRN GTSRS
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | AJ006022 Genomic DNA Translation: CAA06812.1 |
Similar proteinsi
Entry informationi
Entry namei | VPR_HV1YF | |
Accessioni | O91082Primary (citable) accession number: O91082 | |
Entry historyi | Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: | July 25, 2006 |
Last sequence update: | November 1, 1998 | |
Last modified: | April 25, 2018 | |
This is version 82 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history. | ||
Entry statusi | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | |
Annotation program | Viral Protein Annotation Program |