O81770 (MGDG1_ARATH) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase 1, chloroplastic
Short name=AtMGD1
EC=2.4.1.46

Alternative name(s):
MGDG synthase type A

Gene names

Name:	MGD1
Synonyms:	MGDA
Ordered Locus Names:	At4g31780
ORF Names:	F28M20.30

Organism

Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress)

Taxonomic identifier

3702 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Viridiplantae › Streptophyta › Embryophyta › Tracheophyta › Spermatophyta › Magnoliophyta › eudicotyledons › core eudicotyledons › rosids › malvids › Brassicales › Brassicaceae › Camelineae › Arabidopsis

Protein attributes

Sequence length	533 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Involved in the synthesis of the major structural component of photosynthetic membranes. Required for proper thylakoid membrane biogenesis. Does not discriminate between prokaryotic (18:1/16:0) or eukaryotic (18:2/18:2) 1,2-diacylglycerol species, but operates with some preference for the prokaryotic one. Ref.1 Ref.2 Ref.6 Ref.8
Catalytic activity	UDP-galactose + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol = UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol.
Subunit structure	Homodimer By similarity.
Subcellular location	Plastid › chloroplast inner membrane Probable Ref.2 Ref.6.
Tissue specificity	Expressed in roots, stems, leaves, flowers, siliques and seeds. Ref.2 Ref.6 Ref.7
Developmental stage	Highly expressed throughout whole developmental stages. Transient increase in embryos at the globular stage. Ref.2 Ref.8
Induction	Induced by illumination and cytokinin treatment in etiolated seedlings. Not induced by phosphate deprivation. Ref.2 Ref.7
Disruption phenotype	Plants show defects in chloroplast biogenesis and a dwarf and albino phenotype. The amount of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol was reduced by 98% in the mutant leaves, indicating that MGD2/MGD3 cannot compensate for loss of MGD1 function. Ref.1
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 28 family.
Biophysicochemical properties	pH dependence: Optimum pH is 7.5.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Chloroplast Membrane Plastid Plastid inner membrane
Coding sequence diversity	Alternative splicing
Domain	Transit peptide
Molecular function	Glycosyltransferase Transferase
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	embryo development Inferred from mutant phenotype Ref.8. Source: TAIR glycolipid biosynthetic process Inferred from direct assay Ref.2. Source: TAIR lipid glycosylation Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro thylakoid membrane organization Inferred from mutant phenotype Ref.8. Source: TAIR
Cellular component	chloroplast inner membrane Inferred from direct assay Ref.2. Source: TAIR
Molecular function	1,2-diacylglycerol 3-beta-galactosyltransferase activity Inferred from mutant phenotype Ref.1. Source: TAIR carbohydrate binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Complete GO annotation...

Alternative products

This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]

Isoform 1 (identifier: O81770-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

Isoform 2 (identifier: O81770-2)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     456-504: EAGNVPYVVE...IMSQNALRLA → VSRECTVRGG...DNVTECIEAG
     505-533: Missing.

Note: Derived from EST data. No experimental confirmation available.

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Transit peptide	1 – 106	106	Chloroplast Potential
	Chain	107 – 533	427	Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase 1, chloroplastic		PRO_0000349421
Natural variations
	Alternative sequence	456 – 504	49	EAGNV…ALRLA → VSRECTVRGGKRMWEILKIT ERDIEDCSGLVWTGIERVGD NVTECIEAG in isoform 2.		VSP_035387
	Alternative sequence	505 – 533	29	Missing in isoform 2.		VSP_035388

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Isoform 1 [UniParc]. Last modified November 1, 1998. Version 1. Checksum: E581E67317CB9CC8	FASTA	533	58,538
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MQNPSTVTQE SAAPVFDFFP RLRGLTSRNR SPCSNSDGYA LSSSNALYFN GFRTLPSRRM 70 80 90 100 110 120 GKTLASLSFN TKSSAGSSLR RFISDFNSFI RFHCDKVVPE SFASVGGVGL SSDENGIREN 130 140 150 160 170 180 GTGGVLGEEG LPLNGVEADR PKKVLILMSD TGGGHRASAE AIRAAFNQEF GDEYQVFITD 190 200 210 220 230 240 LWTDHTPWPF NQLPRSYNFL VKHGTLWKMT YYGTSPRIVH QSNFAATSTF IAREIAQGLM 250 260 270 280 290 300 KYQPDIIISV HPLMQHVPLR VLRSKGLLKK IVFTTVITDL STCHPTWFHK LVTRCYCPST 310 320 330 340 350 360 EVAKRAQKAG LETSQIKVYG LPVRPSFVKP VRPKVELRRE LGMDENLPAV LLMGGGEGMG 370 380 390 400 410 420 PIEATARALA DALYDKNLGE AVGQVLIICG RNKKLQSKLS SLDWKIPVQV KGFITKMEEC 430 440 450 460 470 480 MGACDCIITK AGPGTIAEAM IRGLPIILNG YIAGQEAGNV PYVVENGCGK FSKSPKEISK 490 500 510 520 530 IVADWFGPAS KELEIMSQNA LRLAKPEAVF KIVHDMHELV RKKNSLPQLS CTA
	Isoform 2 [UniParc]. Checksum: 51ED4D5A942E9ACA	FASTA	504	55,437
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MQNPSTVTQE SAAPVFDFFP RLRGLTSRNR SPCSNSDGYA LSSSNALYFN GFRTLPSRRM 70 80 90 100 110 120 GKTLASLSFN TKSSAGSSLR RFISDFNSFI RFHCDKVVPE SFASVGGVGL SSDENGIREN 130 140 150 160 170 180 GTGGVLGEEG LPLNGVEADR PKKVLILMSD TGGGHRASAE AIRAAFNQEF GDEYQVFITD 190 200 210 220 230 240 LWTDHTPWPF NQLPRSYNFL VKHGTLWKMT YYGTSPRIVH QSNFAATSTF IAREIAQGLM 250 260 270 280 290 300 KYQPDIIISV HPLMQHVPLR VLRSKGLLKK IVFTTVITDL STCHPTWFHK LVTRCYCPST 310 320 330 340 350 360 EVAKRAQKAG LETSQIKVYG LPVRPSFVKP VRPKVELRRE LGMDENLPAV LLMGGGEGMG 370 380 390 400 410 420 PIEATARALA DALYDKNLGE AVGQVLIICG RNKKLQSKLS SLDWKIPVQV KGFITKMEEC 430 440 450 460 470 480 MGACDCIITK AGPGTIAEAM IRGLPIILNG YIAGQVSREC TVRGGKRMWE ILKITERDIE 490 500 DCSGLVWTGI ERVGDNVTEC IEAG

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Galactolipid deficiency and abnormal chloroplast development in the Arabidopsis MGD synthase 1 mutant." Jarvis P., Doermann P., Peto C.A., Lutes J., Benning C., Chory J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:8175-8179(2000) [PubMed: 10869420] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[2]	"Two types of MGDG synthase genes, found widely in both 16:3 and 18:3 plants, differentially mediate galactolipid syntheses in photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic tissues in Arabidopsis thaliana." Awai K., Marechal E., Block M.A., Brun D., Masuda T., Shimada H., Takamiya K., Ohta H., Joyard J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98:10960-10965(2001) [PubMed: 11553816] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, INDUCTION.
[3]	"Sequence and analysis of chromosome 4 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana." Mayer K.F.X., Schueller C., Wambutt R., Murphy G., Volckaert G., Pohl T., Duesterhoeft A., Stiekema W., Entian K.-D., Terryn N., Harris B., Ansorge W., Brandt P., Grivell L.A., Rieger M., Weichselgartner M., de Simone V., Obermaier B. , Mache R., Mueller M., Kreis M., Delseny M., Puigdomenech P., Watson M., Schmidtheini T., Reichert B., Portetelle D., Perez-Alonso M., Boutry M., Bancroft I., Vos P., Hoheisel J., Zimmermann W., Wedler H., Ridley P., Langham S.-A., McCullagh B., Bilham L., Robben J., van der Schueren J., Grymonprez B., Chuang Y.-J., Vandenbussche F., Braeken M., Weltjens I., Voet M., Bastiaens I., Aert R., Defoor E., Weitzenegger T., Bothe G., Ramsperger U., Hilbert H., Braun M., Holzer E., Brandt A., Peters S., van Staveren M., Dirkse W., Mooijman P., Klein Lankhorst R., Rose M., Hauf J., Koetter P., Berneiser S., Hempel S., Feldpausch M., Lamberth S., Van den Daele H., De Keyser A., Buysshaert C., Gielen J., Villarroel R., De Clercq R., van Montagu M., Rogers J., Cronin A., Quail M.A., Bray-Allen S., Clark L., Doggett J., Hall S., Kay M., Lennard N., McLay K., Mayes R., Pettett A., Rajandream M.A., Lyne M., Benes V., Rechmann S., Borkova D., Bloecker H., Scharfe M., Grimm M., Loehnert T.-H., Dose S., de Haan M., Maarse A.C., Schaefer M., Mueller-Auer S., Gabel C., Fuchs M., Fartmann B., Granderath K., Dauner D., Herzl A., Neumann S., Argiriou A., Vitale D., Liguori R., Piravandi E., Massenet O., Quigley F., Clabauld G., Muendlein A., Felber R., Schnabl S., Hiller R., Schmidt W., Lecharny A., Aubourg S., Chefdor F., Cooke R., Berger C., Monfort A., Casacuberta E., Gibbons T., Weber N., Vandenbol M., Bargues M., Terol J., Torres A., Perez-Perez A., Purnelle B., Bent E., Johnson S., Tacon D., Jesse T., Heijnen L., Schwarz S., Scholler P., Heber S., Francs P., Bielke C., Frishman D., Haase D., Lemcke K., Mewes H.-W., Stocker S., Zaccaria P., Bevan M., Wilson R.K., de la Bastide M., Habermann K., Parnell L., Dedhia N., Gnoj L., Schutz K., Huang E., Spiegel L., Sekhon M., Murray J., Sheet P., Cordes M., Abu-Threideh J., Stoneking T., Kalicki J., Graves T., Harmon G., Edwards J., Latreille P., Courtney L., Cloud J., Abbott A., Scott K., Johnson D., Minx P., Bentley D., Fulton B., Miller N., Greco T., Kemp K., Kramer J., Fulton L., Mardis E., Dante M., Pepin K., Hillier L.W., Nelson J., Spieth J., Ryan E., Andrews S., Geisel C., Layman D., Du H., Ali J., Berghoff A., Jones K., Drone K., Cotton M., Joshu C., Antonoiu B., Zidanic M., Strong C., Sun H., Lamar B., Yordan C., Ma P., Zhong J., Preston R., Vil D., Shekher M., Matero A., Shah R., Swaby I.K., O'Shaughnessy A., Rodriguez M., Hoffman J., Till S., Granat S., Shohdy N., Hasegawa A., Hameed A., Lodhi M., Johnson A., Chen E., Marra M.A., Martienssen R., McCombie W.R. Nature 402:769-777(1999) [PubMed: 10617198] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[4]	The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR) Submitted (APR-2011) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: GENOME REANNOTATION. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[5]	"Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome." Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M., Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G., Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G. , Miranda M., Quach H.L., Tripp M., Chang C.H., Lee J.M., Toriumi M.J., Chan M.M., Tang C.C., Onodera C.S., Deng J.M., Akiyama K., Ansari Y., Arakawa T., Banh J., Banno F., Bowser L., Brooks S.Y., Carninci P., Chao Q., Choy N., Enju A., Goldsmith A.D., Gurjal M., Hansen N.F., Hayashizaki Y., Johnson-Hopson C., Hsuan V.W., Iida K., Karnes M., Khan S., Koesema E., Ishida J., Jiang P.X., Jones T., Kawai J., Kamiya A., Meyers C., Nakajima M., Narusaka M., Seki M., Sakurai T., Satou M., Tamse R., Vaysberg M., Wallender E.K., Wong C., Yamamura Y., Yuan S., Shinozaki K., Davis R.W., Theologis A., Ecker J.R. Science 302:842-846(2003) [PubMed: 14593172] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Strain: cv. Columbia.
[6]	"The multigenic family of monogalactosyl diacylglycerol synthases." Marechal E., Awai K., Block M.A., Brun D., Masuda T., Shimada H., Takamiya K., Ohta H., Joyard J. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 28:732-738(2000) [PubMed: 11171188] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, CHARACTERIZATION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, NOMENCLATURE.
[7]	"Arabidopsis type B monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase genes are expressed during pollen tube growth and induced by phosphate starvation." Kobayashi K., Awai K., Takamiya K., Ohta H. Plant Physiol. 134:640-648(2004) [PubMed: 14730084] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INDUCTION BY LIGHT AND CYTOKININ.
[8]	"Galactolipid synthesis in chloroplast inner envelope is essential for proper thylakoid biogenesis, photosynthesis, and embryogenesis." Kobayashi K., Kondo M., Fukuda H., Nishimura M., Ohta H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:17216-17221(2007) [PubMed: 17940034] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AF241797 mRNA. Translation: AAF65066.1. AB047399 mRNA. Translation: BAB12042.1. AL031004 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA19745.1. AL161579 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAB79896.1. CP002687 Genomic DNA. Translation: AEE85956.1. CP002687 Genomic DNA. Translation: AEE85957.1. AY092965 mRNA. Translation: AAM12964.1. BT008890 mRNA. Translation: AAP68329.1.
IPI	IPI00516824. IPI00529253.
PIR	T05092.
RefSeq	NP_194906.1. NM_119327.2. NP_849482.1. NM_179151.1.
UniGene	At.1647.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	O81770.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRING	O81770.
Protein family/group databases
CAZy	GT28. Glycosyltransferase Family 28.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	O81770.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
EnsemblPlants	AT4G31780.2; AT4G31780.2; AT4G31780.
GeneID	829306.
GenomeReviews	Gene locus AT4G31780 in contig CT486007_GR.
KEGG	ath:AT4G31780.
NMPDR	fig|3702.1.peg.21187.
Organism-specific databases
TAIR	At4g31780.
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	COG0707.
GeneTree	EPGT00050000017026.
HOGENOM	HBG601852.
InParanoid	O81770.
OMA	DHTPWPF.
PhylomeDB	O81770.
ProtClustDB	PLN02605.
Gene expression databases
Genevestigator	O81770.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR009695. Diacylglyc_glucosyltr_N. IPR007235. Glyco_trans_28_C. [Graphical view]
KO	K03715.
Pfam	PF04101. Glyco_tran_28_C. 1 hit. PF06925. MGDG_synth. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

MGDG1_ARATH

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: O81770
Secondary accession number(s): Q3E9T1, Q9MU68

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	September 2, 2008
Last sequence update:	November 1, 1998
Last modified:	December 14, 2011
This is version 78 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Plant Protein Annotation Program