Reviewed,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot O76082 (S22A5_HUMAN)
Last modified
February 9, 2010.
Version 92.
History...
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90%,
50% identity |
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Names and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Solute carrier family 22 member 5 Alternative name(s): Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 High-affinity sodium-dependent carnitine cotransporter | ||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Complete proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 557 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level. |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Sodium-ion dependent, high affinity carnitine transporter. Involved in the active cellular uptake of carnitine. Transports one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. Also transports organic cations such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) without the involvement of sodium. Also Relative uptake activity ratio of carnitine to TEA is 11.3. |
| Subunit structure | Interacts with PDZK1 By similarity. |
| Subcellular location | |
| Tissue specificity | Strongly expressed in kidney, skeletal muscle, heart and placenta. Highly expressed in intestinal cell types affected by Crohn disease, including epithelial cells. Expressed in CD68 macrophage and CD43 T-cells but not in CD20 B-cells. |
| Involvement in disease | Defects in SLC22A5 are the cause of systemic primary carnitine deficiency (CDSP) [MIM:212140]. CDSP is an autosomal recessive disorder of fatty acid oxidation caused by defective carnitine transport. Present early in life with hypoketotic hypoglycemia and acute metabolic decompensation, or later in life with skeletal myopathy or cardiomyopathy. Ref.16 Ref.10 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.14 Ref.15 Defects in SLC22A5 may be a cause of susceptibility to Crohn disease (CD) [MIM:266600]. CD is a form of remitting inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). CD may involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract, but most frequently the terminal ileum and colon. Bowel inflammation is transmural and discontinuous. CD is commonly classified as an autoimmune disease. Ref.16 Ref.10 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.17 |
| Miscellaneous | Inhibited by emetine, quinidine and verapamil. The IC50 of emetine is 4.2 µM. Not inhibited by valproic acid. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Organic cation transporter family. |
Ontologies
Alternative products
| This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform 1 (identifier: O76082-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform 2 (identifier: O76082-2) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-336: Missing. 337-351: TWNIRMVTIMSIMLW → MWILLFQLSSALCFR | ||||||
| Note: No experimental confirmation available. |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 557 | 557 | Solute carrier family 22 member 5 | PRO_0000220500 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Topological domain | 1 – 20 | 20 | Cytoplasmic Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 21 – 41 | 21 | 1 Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 42 – 142 | 101 | Extracellular Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 143 – 163 | 21 | 2 Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 164 – 172 | 9 | Cytoplasmic Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 173 – 193 | 21 | 3 Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 194 – 197 | 4 | Extracellular Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 198 – 218 | 21 | 4 Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 219 – 232 | 14 | Cytoplasmic Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 233 – 253 | 21 | 5 Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 254 – 257 | 4 | Extracellular Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 258 – 278 | 21 | 6 Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 279 – 341 | 63 | Cytoplasmic Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 342 – 362 | 21 | 7 Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 363 – 373 | 11 | Extracellular Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 374 – 394 | 21 | 8 Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 395 – 406 | 12 | Cytoplasmic Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 407 – 427 | 21 | 9 Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 428 – 430 | 3 | Extracellular Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 431 – 451 | 21 | 10 Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 452 – 462 | 11 | Cytoplasmic Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 463 – 483 | 21 | 11 Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 484 – 488 | 5 | Extracellular Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 489 – 509 | 21 | 12 Potential | ||||||
| Nucleotide binding | 218 – 225 | 8 | ATP Potential | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 486 | 1 | Phosphotyrosine Ref.9 | ||||||
| Glycosylation | 57 | 1 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) Ref.8 | ||||||
| Glycosylation | 64 | 1 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential | ||||||
| Glycosylation | 91 | 1 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) Ref.8 | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 1 – 336 | 336 | Missing in isoform 2. | VSP_011120 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 337 – 351 | 15 | TWNIR…SIMLW → MWILLFQLSSALCFR in isoform 2. | VSP_011121 | |||||
| Natural variant | 17 | 1 | F → L | VAR_020347 | |||||
| Natural variant | 144 | 1 | L → F: dbSNP rs10040427. Ref.18 | VAR_020348 | |||||
| Natural variant | 169 | 1 | R → Q in CDSP. Ref.10 | VAR_009252 | |||||
| Natural variant | 179 | 1 | M → L in CDSP. Ref.13 | VAR_022564 | |||||
| Natural variant | 211 | 1 | Y → C in CDSP. Ref.11 | VAR_009253 | |||||
| Natural variant | 283 | 1 | W → C in CDSP; reduces L-carnitine uptake. Ref.13 | VAR_022565 | |||||
| Natural variant | 283 | 1 | W → R in CDSP. Ref.15 | VAR_009254 | |||||
| Natural variant | 446 | 1 | V → F in CDSP. Ref.15 | VAR_009255 | |||||
| Natural variant | 449 | 1 | Y → D: dbSNP rs11568514. Ref.18 | VAR_029315 | |||||
| Natural variant | 452 | 1 | E → K in CDSP. Ref.16 | VAR_009256 | |||||
| Natural variant | 467 | 1 | S → C in CDSP; reduces L-carnitine uptake. Ref.13 | VAR_022566 | |||||
| Natural variant | 478 | 1 | P → L in CDSP; loss of carnitine transport but stimulated organic cation transport. Ref.12 Ref.14 | VAR_009257 | |||||
| Natural variant | 481 | 1 | V → F | VAR_020349 | |||||
| Natural variant | 481 | 1 | V → I | VAR_036816 | |||||
| Natural variant | 508 | 1 | F → L | VAR_029316 | |||||
| Natural variant | 530 | 1 | M → V | VAR_029317 | |||||
| Natural variant | 549 | 1 | P → S: dbSNP rs11568525. Ref.18 | VAR_020350 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 352 | 1 | M → R: Loss of both carnitine and organic cation transport functionalities. | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 114 | 1 | L → P in AAH12325. Ref.6 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "cDNA sequence, transport function, and genomic organization of human OCTN2, a new member of the organic cation transporter family." Wu X., Prasad P.D., Leibach F.H., Ganapathy V. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 246:589-595(1998) [PubMed: 9618255] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). |
| [2] | "Molecular and functional identification of sodium ion-dependent, high affinity human carnitine transporter OCTN2." Tamai I., Ohashi R., Nezu J., Yabuuchi H., Oku A., Shimane M., Sai Y., Tsuji A. J. Biol. Chem. 273:20378-20382(1998) [PubMed: 9685390] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Kidney. |
| [3] | "Primary systemic carnitine deficiency is caused by mutations in a gene encoding sodium ion-dependent carnitine transporter." Nezu J., Tamai I., Oku A., Ohashi R., Yabuuchi H., Hashimoto N., Nikaido H., Sai Y., Koizumi A., Shoji Y., Takada G., Matsuishi T., Yashino M., Kato H., Ohura T., Tsujimoto G., Hayakawa J., Shimane M., Tsuji A. Nat. Genet. 21:91-94(1999) [PubMed: 9916797] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (ISOFORM 1). |
| [4] | "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. Sugano S.Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed: 14702039] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2). Tissue: Trachea. |
| [5] | Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. Venter J.C.Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [6] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Lung. |
| [7] | "Functional characteristics and tissue distribution pattern of organic cation transporter 2 (OCTN2), an organic cation/carnitine transporter." Wu X., Huang W., Prasad P.D., Seth P., Rajan D.P., Leibach F.H., Chen J., Conway S.J., Ganapathy V. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 290:1482-1492(1999) [PubMed: 10454528] [Abstract] Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION. |
| [8] | "Mass-spectrometric identification and relative quantification of N-linked cell surface glycoproteins." Wollscheid B., Bausch-Fluck D., Henderson C., O'Brien R., Bibel M., Schiess R., Aebersold R., Watts J.D. Nat. Biotechnol. 27:378-386(2009) [PubMed: 19349973] [Abstract] Cited for: GLYCOSYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT ASN-57 AND ASN-91, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [9] | "Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions." Mayya V., Lundgren D.H., Hwang S.-I., Rezaul K., Wu L., Eng J.K., Rodionov V., Han D.K. Sci. Signal. 2:RA46-RA46(2009) [PubMed: 19690332] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT TYR-486, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: T-cell. |
| [10] | "Carnitine transporter OCTN2 mutations in systemic primary carnitine deficiency: a novel Arg169Gln mutation and a recurrent Arg282ter mutation associated with an unconventional splicing abnormality." Burwinkel B., Kreuder J., Schweitzer S., Vorgerd M., Gempel K., Gerbitz K.-D., Kilimann M.W. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 261:484-487(1999) [PubMed: 10425211] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT CDSP GLN-169. |
| [11] | "Identification of two novel mutations in OCTN2 of three patients with systemic carnitine deficiency." Vaz F.M., Scholte H.R., Ruiter J., Hussaarts-Odijk L.M., Rodrigues Pereira R., Schweitzer S., de Klerk J.B.C., Waterham H.R., Wanders R.J.A. Hum. Genet. 105:157-161(1999) [PubMed: 10480371] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT CDSP CYS-211. |
| [12] | "Mutations of OCTN2, an organic cation/carnitine transporter, lead to deficient cellular carnitine uptake in primary carnitine deficiency." Tang N.L., Ganapathy V., Wu X., Hui J., Seth P., Yuen P.M., Wanders R.J., Fok T.F., Hjelm N.M. Hum. Mol. Genet. 8:655-660(1999) [PubMed: 10072434] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT CDSP LEU-478. |
| [13] | "Genetic epidemiology of the carnitine transporter OCTN2 gene in a Japanese population and phenotypic characterization in Japanese pedigrees with primary systemic carnitine deficiency." Koizumi A., Nozaki J., Ohura T., Kayo T., Wada Y., Nezu J., Ohashi R., Tamai I., Shoji Y., Takada G., Kibira S., Matsuishi T., Tsuji A. Hum. Mol. Genet. 8:2247-2254(1999) [PubMed: 10545605] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS CDSP LEU-179; CYS-283 AND CYS-467, CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS CDSP LEU-179; CYS-283 AND CYS-467. |
| [14] | "Mutations in novel organic cation transporter (OCTN2), an organic cation/carnitine transporter, with differential effects on the organic cation transport function and the carnitine transport function." Seth P., Wu X., Huang W., Leibach F.H., Ganapathy V. J. Biol. Chem. 274:33388-33392(1999) [PubMed: 10559218] [Abstract] Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT CDSP LEU-478, MUTAGENESIS. |
| [15] | "Two novel missense mutations of the OCTN2 gene (W283R and V446F) in a patient with primary systemic carnitine deficiency." Mayatepek E., Nezu J., Tamai I., Oku A., Katsura M., Shimane M., Tsuji A. Hum. Mutat. 15:118-118(2000) [PubMed: 10612840] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS CDSP ARG-283 AND PHE-446. |
| [16] | "A missense mutation in the OCTN2 gene associated with residual carnitine transport activity." Wang Y., Kelly M.A., Cowan T.M., Longo N. Hum. Mutat. 15:238-245(2000) [PubMed: 10679939] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, VARIANT CDSP LYS-452. |
| [17] | "Functional variants of OCTN cation transporter genes are associated with Crohn disease." Peltekova V.D., Wintle R.F., Rubin L.A., Amos C.I., Huang Q., Gu X., Newman B., Van Oene M., Cescon D., Greenberg G., Griffiths A.M., St George-Hyslop P.H., Siminovitch K.A. Nat. Genet. 36:471-475(2004) [PubMed: 15107849] [Abstract] Cited for: INVOLVEMENT IN CD. |
| [18] | "Functional genetic diversity in the high-affinity carnitine transporter OCTN2 (SLC22A5)." Urban T.J., Gallagher R.C., Brown C., Castro R.A., Lagpacan L.L., Brett C.M., Taylor T.R., Carlson E.J., Ferrin T.E., Burchard E.G., Packman S., Giacomini K.M. Mol. Pharmacol. 70:1602-1611(2006) [PubMed: 16931768] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS LEU-17; PHE-144; ASP-449; ILE-481; PHE-481; LEU-508; VAL-530 AND SER-549. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | AF057164 mRNA. Translation: AAC24828.1. AB015050 mRNA. Translation: BAA29023.1. AB016625 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAA36712.1. AK128610 mRNA. Translation: BAC87527.1. AK313230 mRNA. Translation: BAG36041.1. CH471062 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW62337.1. BC012325 mRNA. Translation: AAH12325.1. |
| IPI | IPI00435872. IPI00435873. |
| PIR | JW0089. |
| RefSeq | NP_003051.1. |
| UniGene | Hs.443572 |
3D structure databases | |
| SMR | O76082. Positions 125-282, 142-508. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| STRING | O76082. |
Protein family/group databases | |
| TCDB | 2.A.1.19.3. major facilitator superfamily (MFS). |
Proteomic databases | |
| PRIDE | O76082. |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000245407; ENSP00000245407; ENSG00000197375; Homo sapiens. [Genome view] |
| GeneID | 6584. |
| KEGG | hsa:6584. |
| UCSC | uc003kww.2. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 6584. |
| GeneCards | GC05P131733. |
| H-InvDB | HIX0005155. |
| HGNC | HGNC:10969. SLC22A5. |
| MIM | 212140. phenotype. 266600. phenotype. 603377. gene. |
| Orphanet | 158. Carnitine uptake deficiency. |
| PharmGKB | PA333. |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | prNOG18524. |
| HOVERGEN | O76082. |
| InParanoid | O76082. |
| PhylomeDB | O76082. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | O76082. |
| Bgee | O76082. |
| CleanEx | HS_SLC22A5. |
| Genevestigator | O76082. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000197375. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR016196. MFS_general_subst_transpt. IPR004749. Orgcat_transp. IPR005829. Sugar_transporter_CS. [Graphical view] |
| TIGRFAMs | TIGR00898. 2A0119. 1 hit. |
| PROSITE | PS50850. MFS. 1 hit. PS00216. SUGAR_TRANSPORT_1. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other Resources | |
| DrugBank | DB00583. L-Carnitine. |
| NextBio | 25621. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | S22A5_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: O76082 Secondary accession number(s): B2R844, Q6ZQZ8, Q96EH6 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation project | HPI (Human Proteome Initiative) | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 5 Human chromosome 5: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with


