ID   SYUG_HUMAN              Reviewed;         127 AA.
AC   O76070; O15104; Q96P61;
DT   15-JUL-1999, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   21-MAR-2006, sequence version 2.
DT   25-JAN-2012, entry version 112.
DE   RecName: Full=Gamma-synuclein;
DE   AltName: Full=Breast cancer-specific gene 1 protein;
DE   AltName: Full=Persyn;
DE   AltName: Full=Synoretin;
DE            Short=SR;
GN   Name=SNCG; Synonyms=BCSG1, PERSYN, PRSN;
OS   Homo sapiens (Human).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
OC   Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
OC   Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=9606;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RC   TISSUE=Mammary cancer;
RX   MEDLINE=97178957; PubMed=9044857;
RA   Ji H., Liu Y.E., Jia T., Wang M., Liu J., Xiao G., Joseph B.K.,
RA   Rosen C., Shi Y.E.;
RT   "Identification of a breast cancer-specific gene, BCSG1, by direct
RT   differential cDNA sequencing.";
RL   Cancer Res. 57:759-764(1997).
RN   [2]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA].
RX   MEDLINE=98367030; PubMed=9700196; DOI=10.1093/hmg/7.9.1417;
RA   Ninkina N.N., Alimova-Kost M.V., Paterson J.W.E., Delaney L.,
RA   Cohen B.B., Imreh S., Gnuchev N.V., Davies A.M., Buchman V.L.;
RT   "Organization, expression and polymorphism of the human persyn gene.";
RL   Hum. Mol. Genet. 7:1417-1424(1998).
RN   [3]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], AND VARIANT VAL-110.
RX   MEDLINE=98407804; PubMed=9737786; DOI=10.1007/s004390050792;
RA   Lavedan C., Leroy E., Dehejia A., Buchholtz S., Dutra A.,
RA   Nussbaum R.L., Polymeropoulos M.H.;
RT   "Identification, localization and characterization of the human gamma-
RT   synuclein gene.";
RL   Hum. Genet. 103:106-112(1998).
RN   [4]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RA   Han C., Zhang B., Peng X., Yuan J., Qiang B.;
RL   Submitted (AUG-2001) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN   [5]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], AND VARIANT VAL-110.
RC   TISSUE=Colon;
RX   PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504;
RG   The MGC Project Team;
RT   "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA
RT   project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).";
RL   Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).
RN   [6]
RP   PHOSPHORYLATION.
RX   MEDLINE=20409007; PubMed=10852916; DOI=10.1074/jbc.M003542200;
RA   Pronin A.N., Morris A.J., Surguchov A., Benovic J.L.;
RT   "Synucleins are a novel class of substrates for G protein-coupled
RT   receptor kinases.";
RL   J. Biol. Chem. 275:26515-26522(2000).
RN   [7]
RP   SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
RX   MEDLINE=21610345; PubMed=11746666; DOI=10.1002/cm.1035;
RA   Surguchov A., Palazzo R.E., Surgucheva I.;
RT   "Gamma synuclein: subcellular localization in neuronal and non-
RT   neuronal cells and effect on signal transduction.";
RL   Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 49:218-228(2001).
RN   [8]
RP   PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-124, AND MASS
RP   SPECTROMETRY.
RC   TISSUE=Cervix carcinoma;
RX   PubMed=18669648; DOI=10.1073/pnas.0805139105;
RA   Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E.,
RA   Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P.;
RT   "A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.";
RL   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Plays a role in neurofilament network integrity. May be
CC       involved in modulating axonal architecture during development and
CC       in the adult. In vitro, increases the susceptibility of
CC       neurofilament-H to calcium-dependent proteases (By similarity).
CC       May also function in modulating the keratin network in skin.
CC       Activates the MAPK and Elk-1 signal transduction pathway (By
CC       similarity).
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: May be a centrosome-associated protein.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Cytoplasm,
CC       cytoskeleton, centrosome. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle.
CC       Note=Associated with centrosomes in several interphase cells. In
CC       mitotic cells, localized to the poles of the spindle.
CC   -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Highly expressed in brain, particularly in the
CC       substantia nigra. Also expressed in the corpus callosum, heart,
CC       skeletal muscle, ovary, testis, colon and spleen. Weak expression
CC       in pancreas, kidney and lung.
CC   -!- PTM: Phosphorylated. Phosphorylation by GRK5 appears to occur on
CC       residues distinct from the residue phosphorylated by other
CC       kinases.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the synuclein family.
CC   -!- WEB RESOURCE: Name=Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology
CC       and Haematology;
CC       URL="http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Genes/SNCGID42343ch10q23.html";
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DR   EMBL; AF010126; AAB64109.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AF037207; AAC36586.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; AF017256; AAC36550.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AF044311; AAC27738.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; AF411524; AAL05870.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; BC014098; AAH14098.1; -; mRNA.
DR   IPI; IPI00297714; -.
DR   RefSeq; NP_003078.2; NM_003087.2.
DR   UniGene; Hs.349470; -.
DR   ProteinModelPortal; O76070; -.
DR   SMR; O76070; 1-100.
DR   STRING; O76070; -.
DR   PhosphoSite; O76070; -.
DR   PeptideAtlas; O76070; -.
DR   PRIDE; O76070; -.
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000372017; ENSP00000361087; ENSG00000173267.
DR   GeneID; 6623; -.
DR   KEGG; hsa:6623; -.
DR   CTD; 6623; -.
DR   GeneCards; GC10P088708; -.
DR   H-InvDB; HIX0201502; -.
DR   HGNC; HGNC:11141; SNCG.
DR   HPA; CAB001452; -.
DR   HPA; CAB040581; -.
DR   HPA; HPA014404; -.
DR   MIM; 602998; gene.
DR   neXtProt; NX_O76070; -.
DR   PharmGKB; PA35989; -.
DR   eggNOG; prNOG21352; -.
DR   HOGENOM; HBG715579; -.
DR   HOVERGEN; HBG000481; -.
DR   InParanoid; O76070; -.
DR   OMA; TGVVRKE; -.
DR   PhylomeDB; O76070; -.
DR   NextBio; 25797; -.
DR   ArrayExpress; O76070; -.
DR   Bgee; O76070; -.
DR   CleanEx; HS_SNCG; -.
DR   Genevestigator; O76070; -.
DR   GermOnline; ENSG00000173267; Homo sapiens.
DR   GO; GO:0005815; C:microtubule organizing center; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0048471; C:perinuclear region of cytoplasm; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0005819; C:spindle; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   InterPro; IPR001058; Synuclein.
DR   InterPro; IPR002462; Synuclein_gamma.
DR   Gene3D; G3DSA:1.10.287.700; Synuclein; 1.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR13820; Synuclein; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF01387; Synuclein; 1.
DR   PRINTS; PR01214; GSYNUCLEIN.
DR   PRINTS; PR01211; SYNUCLEIN.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Complete proteome; Cytoplasm; Cytoskeleton; Phosphoprotein;
KW   Polymorphism; Reference proteome; Repeat.
FT   CHAIN         1    127       Gamma-synuclein.
FT                                /FTId=PRO_0000184038.
FT   REPEAT       20     30       1.
FT   REPEAT       31     41       2.
FT   REPEAT       42     56       3; approximate.
FT   REPEAT       57     67       4.
FT   REGION       20     67       4 X 11 AA tandem repeats of [EGSA]-K-T-K-
FT                                [EQ]-[GQ]-V-X(4).
FT   MOD_RES     124    124       Phosphoserine; by BARK1, CaMK2 and CK2.
FT   VARIANT     110    110       E -> V (in dbSNP:rs9864).
FT                                /FTId=VAR_007455.
FT   CONFLICT     13     13       E -> K (in Ref. 1; AAB64109).
FT   CONFLICT     17     17       G -> D (in Ref. 4; AAL05870).
FT   CONFLICT     68     68       E -> K (in Ref. 1; AAB64109).
SQ   SEQUENCE   127 AA;  13331 MW;  F183DEF302DBE688 CRC64;
     MDVFKKGFSI AKEGVVGAVE KTKQGVTEAA EKTKEGVMYV GAKTKENVVQ SVTSVAEKTK
     EQANAVSEAV VSSVNTVATK TVEEAENIAV TSGVVRKEDL RPSAPQQEGE ASKEKEEVAE
     EAQSGGD
//