O76070 (SYUG_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Gamma-synuclein

Alternative name(s):
Breast cancer-specific gene 1 protein
Persyn
Synoretin
Short name=SR

Gene names

Name:	SNCG
Synonyms:	BCSG1, PERSYN, PRSN

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	127 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Plays a role in neurofilament network integrity. May be involved in modulating axonal architecture during development and in the adult. In vitro, increases the susceptibility of neurofilament-H to calcium-dependent proteases By similarity. May also function in modulating the keratin network in skin. Activates the MAPK and Elk-1 signal transduction pathway By similarity.
Subunit structure	May be a centrosome-associated protein.
Subcellular location	Cytoplasm › perinuclear region. Cytoplasm › cytoskeleton › centrosome. Cytoplasm › cytoskeleton › spindle. Note: Associated with centrosomes in several interphase cells. In mitotic cells, localized to the poles of the spindle. Ref.7
Tissue specificity	Highly expressed in brain, particularly in the substantia nigra. Also expressed in the corpus callosum, heart, skeletal muscle, ovary, testis, colon and spleen. Weak expression in pancreas, kidney and lung.
Post-translational modification	Phosphorylated. Phosphorylation by GRK5 appears to occur on residues distinct from the residue phosphorylated by other kinases. Ref.6
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the synuclein family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton
Coding sequence diversity	Polymorphism
Domain	Repeat
PTM	Phosphoprotein
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	adult locomotory behavior Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara aggressive behavior Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara cellular response to hydrostatic pressure Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara regulation of dopamine secretion Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara regulation of neurotransmitter secretion Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to cocaine Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to drug Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara synapse organization Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara synaptic transmission Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara
Cellular_component	axon terminus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara microtubule organizing center Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell neuronal cell body Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara perinuclear region of cytoplasm Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell plasma membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara spindle Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 127	127	Gamma-synuclein		PRO_0000184038
Regions
	Repeat	20 – 30	11	1
	Repeat	31 – 41	11	2
	Repeat	42 – 56	15	3; approximate
	Repeat	57 – 67	11	4
	Region	20 – 67	48	4 X 11 AA tandem repeats of [EGSA]-K-T-K-[EQ]-[GQ]-V-X(4)
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	124	1	Phosphoserine; by BARK1, CaMK2 and CK2
Natural variations
	Natural variant	110	1	E → V. Ref.3 Ref.5 Corresponds to variant rs9864 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_007455
Experimental info
	Sequence conflict	13	1	E → K in AAB64109. Ref.1
	Sequence conflict	17	1	G → D in AAL05870. Ref.4
	Sequence conflict	68	1	E → K in AAB64109. Ref.1

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	O76070 [UniParc]. Last modified March 21, 2006. Version 2. Checksum: F183DEF302DBE688	FASTA	127	13,331
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MDVFKKGFSI AKEGVVGAVE KTKQGVTEAA EKTKEGVMYV GAKTKENVVQ SVTSVAEKTK 70 80 90 100 110 120 EQANAVSEAV VSSVNTVATK TVEEAENIAV TSGVVRKEDL RPSAPQQEGE ASKEKEEVAE EAQSGGD

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Identification of a breast cancer-specific gene, BCSG1, by direct differential cDNA sequencing." Ji H., Liu Y.E., Jia T., Wang M., Liu J., Xiao G., Joseph B.K., Rosen C., Shi Y.E. Cancer Res. 57:759-764(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Mammary cancer.
[2]	"Organization, expression and polymorphism of the human persyn gene." Ninkina N.N., Alimova-Kost M.V., Paterson J.W.E., Delaney L., Cohen B.B., Imreh S., Gnuchev N.V., Davies A.M., Buchman V.L. Hum. Mol. Genet. 7:1417-1424(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA].
[3]	"Identification, localization and characterization of the human gamma-synuclein gene." Lavedan C., Leroy E., Dehejia A., Buchholtz S., Dutra A., Nussbaum R.L., Polymeropoulos M.H. Hum. Genet. 103:106-112(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], VARIANT VAL-110.
[4]	Han C., Zhang B., Peng X., Yuan J., Qiang B. Submitted (AUG-2001) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
[5]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], VARIANT VAL-110. Tissue: Colon.
[6]	"Synucleins are a novel class of substrates for G protein-coupled receptor kinases." Pronin A.N., Morris A.J., Surguchov A., Benovic J.L. J. Biol. Chem. 275:26515-26522(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION.
[7]	"Gamma synuclein: subcellular localization in neuronal and non-neuronal cells and effect on signal transduction." Surguchov A., Palazzo R.E., Surgucheva I. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 49:218-228(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
[8]	"A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation." Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E., Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma.
[9]	"Initial characterization of the human central proteome." Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Buerckstuemmer T., Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J. BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Web resources

Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AF010126 mRNA. Translation: AAB64109.1. AF037207 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAC36586.1. AF017256 mRNA. Translation: AAC36550.1. AF044311 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAC27738.1. AF411524 mRNA. Translation: AAL05870.1. BC014098 mRNA. Translation: AAH14098.1.
IPI	IPI00297714.
RefSeq	NP_003078.2. NM_003087.2.
UniGene	Hs.349470.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	O76070.
SMR	O76070. Positions 1-100.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRING	9606.ENSP00000361087.
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	O76070.
Proteomic databases
PaxDb	O76070.
PeptideAtlas	O76070.
PRIDE	O76070.
Protocols and materials databases
DNASU	6623.
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000372017; ENSP00000361087; ENSG00000173267.
GeneID	6623.
KEGG	hsa:6623.
UCSC	uc001keb.2. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	6623.
GeneCards	GC10P088708.
HGNC	HGNC:11141. SNCG.
HPA	CAB001452. CAB040581. HPA014404.
MIM	602998. gene.
neXtProt	NX_O76070.
PharmGKB	PA35989.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	NOG45431.
HOGENOM	HOG000008691.
HOVERGEN	HBG000481.
InParanoid	O76070.
OMA	TGVVRKE.
PhylomeDB	O76070.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	O76070.
Bgee	O76070.
CleanEx	HS_SNCG.
Genevestigator	O76070.
GermOnline	ENSG00000173267. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
Gene3D	1.10.287.700. 1 hit.
InterPro	IPR001058. Synuclein. IPR002462. Synuclein_gamma. [Graphical view]
PANTHER	PTHR13820. PTHR13820. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF01387. Synuclein. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PRINTS	PR01214. GSYNUCLEIN. PR01211. SYNUCLEIN.
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
ChiTaRS	SNCG. human.
GenomeRNAi	6623.
NextBio	25797.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

SYUG_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: O76070
Secondary accession number(s): O15104, Q96P61

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	July 15, 1999
Last sequence update:	March 21, 2006
Last modified:	April 3, 2013
This is version 123 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.