O75781 (PALM_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Paralemmin-1

Alternative name(s):
Paralemmin

Gene names

Name:	PALM
Synonyms:	KIAA0270

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	387 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Involved in plasma membrane dynamics and cell process formation. Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are necessary for axonal and dendritic filopodia induction, for dendritic spine maturation and synapse formation in a palmitoylation-dependent manner. Ref.6
Subunit structure	Interacts with dopamine receptor DRD3. Ref.7
Subcellular location	Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side. Cell projection › filopodium membrane; Lipid-anchor. Cell projection › axon By similarity. Cell projection › dendrite By similarity. Cell projection › dendritic spine By similarity. Basolateral cell membrane; Lipid-anchor By similarity. Apicolateral cell membrane; Lipid-anchor By similarity. Note: Translocation to the plasma membrane is enhanced upon stimulation of neuronal activity. Ref.6
Tissue specificity	Widely expressed with highest expression in brain and testis and intermediate expression in heart and adrenal gland.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the paralemmin family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Cell shape
Cellular component	Cell membrane Cell projection Membrane
Coding sequence diversity	Alternative splicing Polymorphism
Domain	Coiled coil
PTM	Lipoprotein Methylation Palmitate Phosphoprotein Prenylation
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	cellular component movement Traceable author statement Ref.2. Source: ProtInc cellular response to electrical stimulus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara cytoskeleton organization Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity Inferred from direct assay Ref.7. Source: UniProtKB negative regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway Inferred from direct assay Ref.7. Source: UniProtKB positive regulation of dendritic spine development Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara positive regulation of filopodium assembly Inferred from direct assay Ref.6. Source: UniProtKB protein targeting to plasma membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara regulation of cell shape Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW synapse maturation Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara
Cellular_component	apicolateral plasma membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell axon Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell basolateral plasma membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle Traceable author statement Ref.2. Source: ProtInc dendrite membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara dendritic spine membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara filopodium membrane Inferred from direct assay Ref.6. Source: UniProtKB integral to plasma membrane Traceable author statement Ref.2. Source: ProtInc
Complete GO annotation...

Alternative products

This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]

Isoform 1 (identifier: O75781-1)

Also known as: Paralemmin-L;

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

Isoform 2 (identifier: O75781-2)

Also known as: Paralemmin-S;

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     168-211: Missing.

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 384	384	Paralemmin-1		PRO_0000058218
	Propeptide	385 – 387	3	Removed in mature form Potential		PRO_0000396689
Regions
	Coiled coil	9 – 101	93	Potential
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	116	1	Phosphoserine Ref.9
	Modified residue	124	1	Phosphoserine Ref.9
	Modified residue	141	1	Phosphothreonine Ref.8 Ref.9
	Modified residue	145	1	Phosphothreonine Ref.8 Ref.9
	Modified residue	152	1	Phosphoserine By similarity
	Modified residue	162	1	Phosphoserine Ref.8
	Modified residue	346	1	Phosphoserine By similarity
	Modified residue	367	1	Phosphothreonine By similarity
	Modified residue	369	1	Phosphoserine By similarity
	Modified residue	384	1	Cysteine methyl ester Potential
	Lipidation	381	1	S-palmitoyl cysteine Potential
	Lipidation	383	1	S-palmitoyl cysteine Potential
	Lipidation	384	1	S-farnesyl cysteine Potential
Natural variations
	Alternative sequence	168 – 211	44	Missing in isoform 2.		VSP_003918
	Natural variant	107	1	T → A. Ref.1 Corresponds to variant rs1050457 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_053803
Experimental info
	Mutagenesis	381 – 383	3	CKC → SKS: Inhibits axonal and dendritic filopodia formation and reduces axonal and dendritic branching. Ref.6

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Isoform 1 (Paralemmin-L) [UniParc]. Last modified March 1, 2001. Version 2. Checksum: 46D455D5D12C3135	FASTA	387	42,076
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MEVLAAETTS QQERLQAIAE KRKRQAEIEN KRRQLEDERR QLQHLKSKAL RERWLLEGTP 70 80 90 100 110 120 SSASEGDEDL RRQMQDDEQK TRLLEDSVSR LEKEIEVLER GDSAPATAKE NAAAPSPVRA 130 140 150 160 170 180 PAPSPAKEER KTEVVMNSQQ TPVGTPKDKR VSNTPLRTVD GSPMMKAAMY SVEITVEKDK 190 200 210 220 230 240 VTGETRVLSS TTLLPRQPLP LGIKVYEDET KVVHAVDGTA ENGIHPLSSS EVDELIHKAD 250 260 270 280 290 300 EVTLSEAGST AGAAETRGAV EGAARTTPSR REITGVQAQP GEATSGPPGI QPGQEPPVTM 310 320 330 340 350 360 IFMGYQNVED EAETKKVLGL QDTITAELVV IEDAAEPKEP APPNGSAAEP PTEAASREEN 370 380 QAGPEATTSD PQDLDMKKHR CKCCSIM
	Isoform 2 (Paralemmin-S) [UniParc]. Checksum: 8DF5F9BAA42B314F	FASTA	343	37,157
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MEVLAAETTS QQERLQAIAE KRKRQAEIEN KRRQLEDERR QLQHLKSKAL RERWLLEGTP 70 80 90 100 110 120 SSASEGDEDL RRQMQDDEQK TRLLEDSVSR LEKEIEVLER GDSAPATAKE NAAAPSPVRA 130 140 150 160 170 180 PAPSPAKEER KTEVVMNSQQ TPVGTPKDKR VSNTPLRTVD GSPMMKAVVH AVDGTAENGI 190 200 210 220 230 240 HPLSSSEVDE LIHKADEVTL SEAGSTAGAA ETRGAVEGAA RTTPSRREIT GVQAQPGEAT 250 260 270 280 290 300 SGPPGIQPGQ EPPVTMIFMG YQNVEDEAET KKVLGLQDTI TAELVVIEDA AEPKEPAPPN 310 320 330 340 GSAAEPPTEA ASREENQAGP EATTSDPQDL DMKKHRCKCC SIM

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Structure of the human paralemmin gene (PALM), mapping to human chromosome 19p13.3 and mouse chromosome 10, and exclusion of coding mutations in grizzled, mocha, jittery, and hesitant mice." Burwinkel B., Miglierini G., Jenne D.E., Gilbert D.J., Copeland N.G., Jenkins N.A., Ring H.Z., Francke U., Kilimann M.W. Genomics 49:462-466(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2), VARIANT ALA-107. Tissue: Blood.
[2]	"Paralemmin, a prenyl-palmitoyl-anchored phosphoprotein abundant in neurons and implicated in plasma membrane dynamics and cell process formation." Kutzleb C., Sanders G., Yamamoto R., Wang X., Lichte B., Petrasch-Parwez E., Kilimann M.W. J. Cell Biol. 143:795-813(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2).
[3]	"The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19." Grimwood J., Gordon L.A., Olsen A.S., Terry A., Schmutz J., Lamerdin J.E., Hellsten U., Goodstein D., Couronne O., Tran-Gyamfi M., Aerts A., Altherr M., Ashworth L., Bajorek E., Black S., Branscomb E., Caenepeel S., Carrano A.V. , Caoile C., Chan Y.M., Christensen M., Cleland C.A., Copeland A., Dalin E., Dehal P., Denys M., Detter J.C., Escobar J., Flowers D., Fotopulos D., Garcia C., Georgescu A.M., Glavina T., Gomez M., Gonzales E., Groza M., Hammon N., Hawkins T., Haydu L., Ho I., Huang W., Israni S., Jett J., Kadner K., Kimball H., Kobayashi A., Larionov V., Leem S.-H., Lopez F., Lou Y., Lowry S., Malfatti S., Martinez D., McCready P.M., Medina C., Morgan J., Nelson K., Nolan M., Ovcharenko I., Pitluck S., Pollard M., Popkie A.P., Predki P., Quan G., Ramirez L., Rash S., Retterer J., Rodriguez A., Rogers S., Salamov A., Salazar A., She X., Smith D., Slezak T., Solovyev V., Thayer N., Tice H., Tsai M., Ustaszewska A., Vo N., Wagner M., Wheeler J., Wu K., Xie G., Yang J., Dubchak I., Furey T.S., DeJong P., Dickson M., Gordon D., Eichler E.E., Pennacchio L.A., Richardson P., Stubbs L., Rokhsar D.S., Myers R.M., Rubin E.M., Lucas S.M. Nature 428:529-535(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[4]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Brain.
[5]	"Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. VI. The coding sequences of 80 new genes (KIAA0201-KIAA0280) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from cell line KG-1 and brain." Nagase T., Seki N., Ishikawa K., Ohira M., Kawarabayasi Y., Ohara O., Tanaka A., Kotani H., Miyajima N., Nomura N. DNA Res. 3:321-329(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] OF 43-387 (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Brain.
[6]	"Regulation of dendritic branching and filopodia formation in hippocampal neurons by specific acylated protein motifs." Gauthier-Campbell C., Bredt D.S., Murphy T.H., El-Husseini A. Mol. Biol. Cell 15:2205-2217(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MUTAGENESIS OF 381-CYS--CYS-383.
[7]	"Paralemmin interacts with D3 dopamine receptors: implications for membrane localization and cAMP signaling." Basile M., Lin R., Kabbani N., Karpa K., Kilimann M., Simpson I., Kester M. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 446:60-68(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH DRD3.
[8]	"A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation." Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E., Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT THR-141; THR-145 AND SER-162, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma.
[9]	"Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis." Olsen J.V., Vermeulen M., Santamaria A., Kumar C., Miller M.L., Jensen L.J., Gnad F., Cox J., Jensen T.S., Nigg E.A., Brunak S., Mann M. Sci. Signal. 3:RA3-RA3(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-116; SER-124; THR-141 AND THR-145, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	Y16270 , Y16271, Y16272, Y16273, Y16274, Y16275, Y16276, Y16277 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA76151.1. Y16278 mRNA. Translation: CAA76152.1. Y14770 mRNA. Translation: CAB37400.1. Y14770 mRNA. Translation: CAB37401.1. BC032449 mRNA. Translation: AAH32449.1. AC004030 Genomic DNA. No translation available. AC005763 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAC62429.1. D87460 mRNA. Translation: BAA13400.1.
IPI	IPI00220002. IPI00301023.
PIR	T00635.
RefSeq	NP_001035224.1. NM_001040134.1. NP_002570.2. NM_002579.2.
UniGene	Hs.631841.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	O75781.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
IntAct	O75781. 1 interaction.
STRING	9606.ENSP00000341911.
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	O75781.
Proteomic databases
PaxDb	O75781.
PRIDE	O75781.
Protocols and materials databases
DNASU	5064.
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000264560; ENSP00000264560; ENSG00000099864. ENST00000338448; ENSP00000341911; ENSG00000099864.
GeneID	5064.
KEGG	hsa:5064.
UCSC	uc002lpm.1. human. uc002lpn.1. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	5064.
GeneCards	GC19P000708.
HGNC	HGNC:8594. PALM.
HPA	HPA041713.
MIM	608134. gene.
neXtProt	NX_O75781.
PharmGKB	PA32923.
HUGE	Search...
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	NOG46471.
HOGENOM	HOG000043092.
HOVERGEN	HBG007431.
InParanoid	O75781.
KO	K16519.
OMA	RCKCCSI.
PhylomeDB	O75781.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	O75781.
Bgee	O75781.
CleanEx	HS_PALM.
Genevestigator	O75781.
GermOnline	ENSG00000099864. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR004965. Paralemmin. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF03285. Paralemmin. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
GenomeRNAi	5064.
NextBio	19506.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

PALM_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: O75781
Secondary accession number(s): O43359 , O95673, Q92559, Q9UPJ4, Q9UQS2, Q9UQS3

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	August 30, 2002
Last sequence update:	March 1, 2001
Last modified:	April 3, 2013
This is version 104 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.