Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot O65312 (MEDEA_ARATH)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase MEDEA
    EC=2.1.1.43
Alternative name(s):
    Maternal embryogenesis control protein
    Protein FERTILIZATION-INDEPENDENT SEED 1
    Protein SET DOMAIN GROUP 5
    Protein EMBRYO DEFECTIVE 173

Gene names

Name:	MEA
Synonyms:	EMB173, FIS1, MEDEA, SDG5, SET5
Ordered Locus Names:	At1g02580
ORF Names:	T14P4.11

Organism

Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) [Complete proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

3702 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Viridiplantae › Streptophyta › Embryophyta › Tracheophyta › Spermatophyta › Magnoliophyta › eudicotyledons › core eudicotyledons › rosids › malvids › Brassicales › Brassicaceae › Arabidopsis

Protein attributes

Sequence length	689 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Catalytic subunit of some PcG multiprotein complex, which methylates 'Lys-27' of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target genes. Required to prevent the proliferation of the central cell of the female gametophyte by repressing target genes before fertilization. After fertilization, it probably also regulates the embryo and endosperm proliferation and anteroposterior organization during seed development. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. Interacts with the promoter and repress the transcription of genes such as PHE1 and PHE2, that are paternally active and maternally silenced genes. Ref.1 Ref.5 Ref.9 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.15
Catalytic activity	S-adenosyl-L-methionine + L-lysine-[histone] = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(6)-methyl-L-lysine-[histone].
Subunit structure	Interacts directly with FIE via its N-terminal domain. These two proteins are probably inderectly associated with FIS2. In plants, PcG complexes are probably composed of a member of the EZ family (CLF or MEA), FIE, and a member of the VEFS family (FIS2, VRN2 or EMF2). Ref.6 Ref.7 Ref.8
Subcellular location	Nucleus. Note: Excluded from the nucleolus. Ref.6
Tissue specificity	Expressed in unpollinated siliques that contain maturing gametophytes. Not expressed at early stages of floral development during early megagametogenesis. Ref.1 Ref.6 Ref.7
Developmental stage	Expressed both maternally and zygotically. Expressed in both egg and central cell before fertilization. After fertilization, it is expressed in the embryo and endosperm, then decreases during seed maturation.
Induction	Maternal MEA allele is activated by DME but repressed by MET1 in the central cell of the female gametophyte, the progenitor of the endosperm. Ref.10 Ref.13
Miscellaneous	The MEA locus is imprinted. Maternal inherited gene is expressed in the ovule (the egg and the central cell), while the paternal inherited gene is silenced in the pollen. After fertilization, only the maternal inherited allele is expressed. The paternal repression is dependent on DDM1 protein, which may methylate the paternal locus, while the maternal inherited allele is allowed by the DME protein, which may antagonize or suppress DDM1 dependent methylation, and activates its transcription.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the histone-lysine methyltransferase family. EZ subfamily. Contains 1 SANT domain. Contains 1 SET domain.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Transcription Transcription regulation
Cellular component	Nucleus
Ligand	S-adenosyl-L-methionine
Molecular function	Developmental protein Methyltransferase Repressor Transferase
Technical term	Complete proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	negative regulation of transcription Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: TAIR regulation of gene expression by genetic imprinting Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: TAIR response to absence of light Inferred from expression pattern. Source: TAIR seed morphogenesis Inferred from genetic interaction. Source: TAIR transcription Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular component	nucleus Ref.7 Inferred from direct assay. Source: TAIR
Molecular function	histone-lysine N-methyltransferase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: EC identical protein binding Ref.8 Inferred from physical interaction. Source: IntAct sequence-specific DNA binding Inferred from direct assay. Source: TAIR
Complete GO annotation...

Binary interactions

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct	Notes
itself		2	EBI-632832,EBI-632832
FIE	Q9LT47	9	EBI-632832,EBI-307146
FIS2	Q9ZNT9	4	EBI-632832,EBI-1102026
MSI1	O22467	1	EBI-632832,EBI-632891

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 689	689	Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase MEDEA		PRO_0000213997
Regions
	Domain	339 – 389	51	SANT
	Domain	543 – 663	121	SET
	Region	1 – 109	109	Interaction with FIE
	Compositional bias	450 – 519	70	Cys-rich

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	O65312-1 [UniParc]. Last modified August 1, 1998. Version 1. Checksum: 2103D06ACD589CDF	FASTA	689	79,310
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MEKENHEDDG EGLPPELNQI KEQIEKERFL HIKRKFELRY IPSVATHASH HQSFDLNQPA 70 80 90 100 110 120 AEDDNGGDNK SLLSRMQNPL RHFSASSDYN SYEDQGYVLD EDQDYALEED VPLFLDEDVP 130 140 150 160 170 180 LLPSVKLPIV EKLPRSITWV FTKSSQLMAE SDSVIGKRQI YYLNGEALEL SSEEDEEDEE 190 200 210 220 230 240 EDEEEIKKEK CEFSEDVDRF IWTVGQDYGL DDLVVRRALA KYLEVDVSDI LERYNELKLK 250 260 270 280 290 300 NDGTAGEASD LTSKTITTAF QDFADRRHCR RCMIFDCHMH EKYEPESRSS EDKSSLFEDE 310 320 330 340 350 360 DRQPCSEHCY LKVRSVTEAD HVMDNDNSIS NKIVVSDPNN TMWTPVEKDL YLKGIEIFGR 370 380 390 400 410 420 NSCDVALNIL RGLKTCLEIY NYMREQDQCT MSLDLNKTTQ RHNQVTKKVS RKSSRSVRKK 430 440 450 460 470 480 SRLRKYARYP PALKKTTSGE AKFYKHYTPC TCKSKCGQQC PCLTHENCCE KYCGCSKDCN 490 500 510 520 530 540 NRFGGCNCAI GQCTNRQCPC FAANRECDPD LCRSCPLSCG DGTLGETPVQ IQCKNMQFLL 550 560 570 580 590 600 QTNKKILIGK SDVHGWGAFT WDSLKKNEYL GEYTGELITH DEANERGRIE DRIGSSYLFT 610 620 630 640 650 660 LNDQLEIDAR RKGNEFKFLN HSARPNCYAK LMIVRGDQRI GLFAERAIEE GEELFFDYCY 670 680 GPEHADWSRG REPRKTGASK RSKEARPAR

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Maternal control of embryogenesis by MEDEA, a polycomb group gene in Arabidopsis." Grossniklaus U., Vielle-Calzada J.-P., Hoeppner M.A., Gagliano W.B. Science 280:446-450(1998) [PubMed: 9545225] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. Strain: cv. Landsberg erecta. Tissue: Flower bud.
[2]	"Genes controlling fertilization-independent seed development in Arabidopsis thaliana." Luo M., Bilodeau P., Koltunow A., Dennis E.S., Peacock W.J., Chaudhury A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96:296-301(1999) [PubMed: 9874812] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: cv. Landsberg erecta. Tissue: Silique.
[3]	"Sequence and analysis of chromosome 1 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana." Theologis A., Ecker J.R., Palm C.J., Federspiel N.A., Kaul S., White O., Alonso J., Altafi H., Araujo R., Bowman C.L., Brooks S.Y., Buehler E., Chan A., Chao Q., Chen H., Cheuk R.F., Chin C.W., Chung M.K. , Conn L., Conway A.B., Conway A.R., Creasy T.H., Dewar K., Dunn P., Etgu P., Feldblyum T.V., Feng J.-D., Fong B., Fujii C.Y., Gill J.E., Goldsmith A.D., Haas B., Hansen N.F., Hughes B., Huizar L., Hunter J.L., Jenkins J., Johnson-Hopson C., Khan S., Khaykin E., Kim C.J., Koo H.L., Kremenetskaia I., Kurtz D.B., Kwan A., Lam B., Langin-Hooper S., Lee A., Lee J.M., Lenz C.A., Li J.H., Li Y.-P., Lin X., Liu S.X., Liu Z.A., Luros J.S., Maiti R., Marziali A., Militscher J., Miranda M., Nguyen M., Nierman W.C., Osborne B.I., Pai G., Peterson J., Pham P.K., Rizzo M., Rooney T., Rowley D., Sakano H., Salzberg S.L., Schwartz J.R., Shinn P., Southwick A.M., Sun H., Tallon L.J., Tambunga G., Toriumi M.J., Town C.D., Utterback T., Van Aken S., Vaysberg M., Vysotskaia V.S., Walker M., Wu D., Yu G., Fraser C.M., Venter J.C., Davis R.W. Nature 408:816-820(2000) [PubMed: 11130712] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia.
[4]	"Maintenance of genomic imprinting at the Arabidopsis medea locus requires zygotic DDM1 activity." Vielle-Calzada J.-P., Thomas J., Spillane C., Coluccio A., Hoeppner M.A., Grossniklaus U. Genes Dev. 13:2971-2982(1999) [PubMed: 10580004] [Abstract] Cited for: IMPRINTING.
[5]	"Control of fertilization-independent endosperm development by the MEDEA polycomb gene in Arabidopsis." Kiyosue T., Ohad N., Yadegari R., Hannon M., Dinneny J., Wells D., Katz A., Margossian L., Harada J.J., Goldberg R.B., Fischer R.L. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96:4186-4191(1999) [PubMed: 10097185] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[6]	"Interaction of the Arabidopsis polycomb group proteins FIE and MEA mediates their common phenotypes." Spillane C., MacDougall C., Stock C., Koehler C., Vielle-Calzada J.-P., Nunes S.M., Grossniklaus U., Goodrich J. Curr. Biol. 10:1535-1538(2000) [PubMed: 11114524] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH FIE, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[7]	"Expression and parent-of-origin effects for FIS2, MEA, and FIE in the endosperm and embryo of developing Arabidopsis seeds." Luo M., Bilodeau P., Dennis E.S., Peacock W.J., Chaudhury A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:10637-10642(2000) [PubMed: 10962025] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH FIE, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[8]	"Mutations in the FIE and MEA genes that encode interacting polycomb proteins cause parent-of-origin effects on seed development by distinct mechanisms." Yadegari R., Kinoshita T., Lotan O., Cohen G., Katz A., Choi Y., Katz A., Nakashima K., Harada J.J., Goldberg R.B., Fischer R.L., Ohad N. Plant Cell 12:2367-2382(2000) [PubMed: 11148284] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH FIE.
[9]	"Polycomb group genes control pattern formation in plant seed." Soerensen M.B., Chaudhury A.M., Robert H., Bancharel E., Berger F. Curr. Biol. 11:277-281(2001) [PubMed: 11250158] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[10]	"Imprinting of the MEA Polycomb gene is controlled by antagonism between MET1 methyltransferase and DME glycosylase." Xiao W., Gehring M., Choi Y., Margossian L., Pu H., Harada J.J., Goldberg R.B., Pennell R.I., Fischer R.L. Dev. Cell 5:891-901(2003) [PubMed: 14667411] [Abstract] Cited for: INDUCTION.
[11]	"The Polycomb-group protein MEDEA regulates seed development by controlling expression of the MADS-box gene PHERES1." Koehler C., Hennig L., Spillane C., Pien S., Gruissem W., Grossniklaus U. Genes Dev. 17:1540-1553(2003) [PubMed: 12815071] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[12]	"Identification of new members of fertilisation independent seed Polycomb group pathway involved in the control of seed development in Arabidopsis thaliana." Guitton A.-E., Page D.R., Chambrier P., Lionnet C., Faure J.-E., Grossniklaus U., Berger F. Development 131:2971-2981(2004) [PubMed: 15151989] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[13]	"An invariant aspartic acid in the DNA glycosylase domain of DEMETER is necessary for transcriptional activation of the imprinted MEDEA gene." Choi Y., Harada J.J., Goldberg R.B., Fischer R.L. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101:7481-7486(2004) [PubMed: 15128940] [Abstract] Cited for: REGULATION OF IMPRINTING BY DME.
[14]	"Genomic imprinting in plants: the epigenetic version of an Oedipus complex." Autran D., Huanca-Mamani W., Vielle-Calzada J.-P. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 8:19-25(2005) [PubMed: 15653395] [Abstract] Cited for: REVIEW.
[15]	"The Arabidopsis thaliana MEDEA Polycomb group protein controls expression of PHERES1 by parental imprinting." Koehler C., Page D.R., Gagliardini V., Grossniklaus U. Nat. Genet. 37:28-30(2005) [PubMed: 15619622] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AF060485 mRNA. Translation: AAC39446.1. AF096094 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAD09103.1. AC022521 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAG10636.1.
IPI	IPI00546421.
PIR	T52060.
RefSeq	NP_563658.1.
UniGene	At.10786
3D structure databases
SMR	O65312. Positions 479-660.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
IntAct	O65312. 5 interactions.
STRING	O65312.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	O65312.
Genome annotation databases
GeneID	839422.
GenomeReviews	Gene locus AT1G02580 in contig CT485782_GR.
KEGG	ath:AT1G02580.
NMPDR	fig|3702.1.peg.379.
Organism-specific databases
GeneFarm	2217.
TAIR	At1g02580.
Phylogenomic databases
HOGENOM	HBG633142.
InParanoid	O65312.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	O65312.
Genevestigator	O65312.
GermOnline	AT1G02580. Arabidopsis thaliana.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR001005. SANT_DNA-bd. IPR001214. SET_dom. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF00856. SET. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SMART	SM00717. SANT. 1 hit. SM00317. SET. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PROSITE	PS51293. SANT. False negative. PS50280. SET. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

MEDEA_ARATH

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: O65312

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	May 16, 2003
Last sequence update:	August 1, 1998
Last modified:	February 9, 2010
This is version 82 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

PPAP (Plant Proteome Annotation Project)