ID   SOC1_ARATH              Reviewed;         214 AA.
AC   O64645;
DT   05-DEC-2001, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   01-AUG-1998, sequence version 1.
DT   27-MAR-2024, entry version 171.
DE   RecName: Full=MADS-box protein SOC1 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:15805477, ECO:0000303|PubMed:17428825, ECO:0000303|PubMed:18339670};
DE   AltName: Full=Agamous-like MADS-box protein AGL20 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:10995392, ECO:0000303|PubMed:11123798};
DE   AltName: Full=Protein SUPPRESSOR OF CONSTANS OVEREXPRESSION 1 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:15805477, ECO:0000303|PubMed:17428825, ECO:0000303|PubMed:18339670};
GN   Name=SOC1 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:15805477, ECO:0000303|PubMed:17428825,
GN   ECO:0000303|PubMed:18339670};
GN   Synonyms=AGL20 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:10995392,
GN   ECO:0000303|PubMed:11123798};
GN   OrderedLocusNames=At2g45660 {ECO:0000312|Araport:AT2G45660};
GN   ORFNames=F17K2.19 {ECO:0000312|EMBL:AAC06175.1};
OS   Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress).
OC   Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
OC   Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae;
OC   rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=3702;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX   PubMed=11123798; DOI=10.1046/j.1365-313x.2000.00906.x;
RA   Borner R., Kampmann G., Chandler J., Gleissner R., Wisman E., Apel K.,
RA   Melzer S.;
RT   "A MADS domain gene involved in the transition to flowering in
RT   Arabidopsis.";
RL   Plant J. 24:591-599(2000).
RN   [2]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC   STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX   PubMed=10617197; DOI=10.1038/45471;
RA   Lin X., Kaul S., Rounsley S.D., Shea T.P., Benito M.-I., Town C.D.,
RA   Fujii C.Y., Mason T.M., Bowman C.L., Barnstead M.E., Feldblyum T.V.,
RA   Buell C.R., Ketchum K.A., Lee J.J., Ronning C.M., Koo H.L., Moffat K.S.,
RA   Cronin L.A., Shen M., Pai G., Van Aken S., Umayam L., Tallon L.J.,
RA   Gill J.E., Adams M.D., Carrera A.J., Creasy T.H., Goodman H.M.,
RA   Somerville C.R., Copenhaver G.P., Preuss D., Nierman W.C., White O.,
RA   Eisen J.A., Salzberg S.L., Fraser C.M., Venter J.C.;
RT   "Sequence and analysis of chromosome 2 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana.";
RL   Nature 402:761-768(1999).
RN   [3]
RP   GENOME REANNOTATION.
RC   STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX   PubMed=27862469; DOI=10.1111/tpj.13415;
RA   Cheng C.Y., Krishnakumar V., Chan A.P., Thibaud-Nissen F., Schobel S.,
RA   Town C.D.;
RT   "Araport11: a complete reannotation of the Arabidopsis thaliana reference
RT   genome.";
RL   Plant J. 89:789-804(2017).
RN   [4]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC   STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX   PubMed=14593172; DOI=10.1126/science.1088305;
RA   Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M.,
RA   Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G.,
RA   Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G., Miranda M., Quach H.L.,
RA   Tripp M., Chang C.H., Lee J.M., Toriumi M.J., Chan M.M., Tang C.C.,
RA   Onodera C.S., Deng J.M., Akiyama K., Ansari Y., Arakawa T., Banh J.,
RA   Banno F., Bowser L., Brooks S.Y., Carninci P., Chao Q., Choy N., Enju A.,
RA   Goldsmith A.D., Gurjal M., Hansen N.F., Hayashizaki Y., Johnson-Hopson C.,
RA   Hsuan V.W., Iida K., Karnes M., Khan S., Koesema E., Ishida J., Jiang P.X.,
RA   Jones T., Kawai J., Kamiya A., Meyers C., Nakajima M., Narusaka M.,
RA   Seki M., Sakurai T., Satou M., Tamse R., Vaysberg M., Wallender E.K.,
RA   Wong C., Yamamura Y., Yuan S., Shinozaki K., Davis R.W., Theologis A.,
RA   Ecker J.R.;
RT   "Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis
RT   genome.";
RL   Science 302:842-846(2003).
RN   [5]
RP   FUNCTION.
RC   STRAIN=cv. Landsberg erecta;
RX   PubMed=10995392; DOI=10.1101/gad.813600;
RA   Lee H., Suh S.S., Park E., Cho E., Ahn J.H., Kim S.G., Lee J.S., Kwon Y.M.,
RA   Lee I.;
RT   "The AGAMOUS-LIKE 20 MADS domain protein integrates floral inductive
RT   pathways in Arabidopsis.";
RL   Genes Dev. 14:2366-2376(2000).
RN   [6]
RP   INTERACTION WITH AGL15; AGL16 AND AGL19.
RX   PubMed=15805477; DOI=10.1105/tpc.105.031831;
RA   de Folter S., Immink R.G.H., Kieffer M., Parenicova L., Henz S.R.,
RA   Weigel D., Busscher M., Kooiker M., Colombo L., Kater M.M., Davies B.,
RA   Angenent G.C.;
RT   "Comprehensive interaction map of the Arabidopsis MADS Box transcription
RT   factors.";
RL   Plant Cell 17:1424-1433(2005).
RN   [7]
RP   INDUCTION BY AP1.
RX   PubMed=17428825; DOI=10.1242/dev.003103;
RA   Liu C., Zhou J., Bracha-Drori K., Yalovsky S., Ito T., Yu H.;
RT   "Specification of Arabidopsis floral meristem identity by repression of
RT   flowering time genes.";
RL   Development 134:1901-1910(2007).
RN   [8]
RP   FUNCTION, AND INDUCTION BY AGL24.
RX   PubMed=18339670; DOI=10.1242/dev.020255;
RA   Liu C., Chen H., Er H.L., Soo H.M., Kumar P.P., Han J.-H., Liou Y.C.,
RA   Yu H.;
RT   "Direct interaction of AGL24 and SOC1 integrates flowering signals in
RT   Arabidopsis.";
RL   Development 135:1481-1491(2008).
RN   [9]
RP   REVIEW.
RX   PubMed=18390846; DOI=10.1093/jxb/ern070;
RA   Alexandre C.M., Hennig L.;
RT   "FLC or not FLC: the other side of vernalization.";
RL   J. Exp. Bot. 59:1127-1135(2008).
RN   [10]
RP   FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF ARG-24; GLU-34 AND GLY-113, INTERACTION WITH
RP   AGL24, AND SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
RX   PubMed=18466303; DOI=10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03552.x;
RA   Lee J., Oh M., Park H., Lee I.;
RT   "SOC1 translocated to the nucleus by interaction with AGL24 directly
RT   regulates leafy.";
RL   Plant J. 55:832-843(2008).
RN   [11]
RP   FUNCTION, INDUCTION, AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
RX   PubMed=19656343; DOI=10.1111/j.1365-313x.2009.03985.x;
RA   Gregis V., Sessa A., Dorca-Fornell C., Kater M.M.;
RT   "The Arabidopsis floral meristem identity genes AP1, AGL24 and SVP directly
RT   repress class B and C floral homeotic genes.";
RL   Plant J. 60:626-637(2009).
RN   [12]
RP   INDUCTION.
RC   STRAIN=cv. Columbia, and cv. Landsberg erecta;
RX   PubMed=25281686; DOI=10.1105/tpc.114.130781;
RA   Lopez-Gonzalez L., Mouriz A., Narro-Diego L., Bustos R.,
RA   Martinez-Zapater J.M., Jarillo J.A., Pineiro M.;
RT   "Chromatin-dependent repression of the Arabidopsis floral integrator genes
RT   involves plant specific PHD-containing proteins.";
RL   Plant Cell 26:3922-3938(2014).
RN   [13]
RP   INTERACTION WITH OXS3, AND SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
RC   STRAIN=cv. Columbia, and cv. Wassilewskija-4;
RX   PubMed=31540691; DOI=10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.154;
RA   Liang M., Xiao S., Cai J., Ow D.W.;
RT   "OXIDATIVE STRESS 3 regulates drought-induced flowering through APETALA
RT   1.";
RL   Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 519:585-590(2019).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Transcription activator active in flowering time control. May
CC       integrate signals from the photoperiod, vernalization and autonomous
CC       floral induction pathways. Can modulate class B and C homeotic genes
CC       expression. When associated with AGL24, mediates effect of gibberellins
CC       on flowering under short-day conditions, and regulates the expression
CC       of LEAFY (LFY), which links floral induction and floral development.
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10995392, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18339670,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:18466303, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19656343}.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Forms a heterodimer with AGL24 through MADS-box domain.
CC       Interacts with AGL15, AGL16 and AGL19 (PubMed:15805477,
CC       PubMed:18466303). Interacts with OXS3 in the nucleus (PubMed:31540691).
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15805477, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18466303,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:31540691}.
CC   -!- INTERACTION:
CC       O64645; Q38876: AGL8; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-592041, EBI-621912;
CC       O64645; P35631: AP1; NbExp=5; IntAct=EBI-592041, EBI-592003;
CC       O64645; Q39081: CAL; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-592041, EBI-592136;
CC       O64645; Q9SL42: PIN1; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-592041, EBI-2618990;
CC       O64645; Q2NJQ2: AYWB_224; Xeno; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-592041, EBI-16100490;
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00251,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:18466303, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31540691}. Cytoplasm
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18466303}. Note=Translocation from the cytoplasm to
CC       the nucleus in the presence of AGL24.
CC   -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Widely expressed. Not found in the apical meristem
CC       of short-day grown plants in vegetative stage.
CC   -!- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Rapidly up-regulated in apical meristems during
CC       the transition to flowering. Transiently expressed in inflorescence
CC       meristem. Re-appears in stage 3 flowers, in the central dome that later
CC       will develop into stamens and carpels. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19656343}.
CC   -!- INDUCTION: Up-regulated by gibberellins, vernalization and under long-
CC       day conditions. Gradual increase during vegetative growth. Induced by
CC       AGL24 at the shoot apex at the floral transitional stage. Repressed by
CC       SVP during the early stages of flower development. Inhibited by AP1 in
CC       emerging floral meristems (PubMed:17428825, PubMed:18339670,
CC       PubMed:19656343). Repressed by SHL to prevent flowering
CC       (PubMed:25281686). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17428825,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:18339670, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19656343,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:25281686}.
CC   -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Plants are late-flowering.
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11123798}.
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DR   EMBL; AC003680; AAC06175.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; CP002685; AEC10583.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; AY007726; AAG16297.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AF385731; AAK60321.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AY093967; AAM16228.1; -; mRNA.
DR   PIR; T00879; T00879.
DR   RefSeq; NP_182090.1; NM_130128.4.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; O64645; -.
DR   SMR; O64645; -.
DR   BioGRID; 4510; 35.
DR   DIP; DIP-33799N; -.
DR   ELM; O64645; -.
DR   IntAct; O64645; 36.
DR   STRING; 3702.O64645; -.
DR   PaxDb; 3702-AT2G45660-1; -.
DR   ProteomicsDB; 232647; -.
DR   EnsemblPlants; AT2G45660.1; AT2G45660.1; AT2G45660.
DR   GeneID; 819174; -.
DR   Gramene; AT2G45660.1; AT2G45660.1; AT2G45660.
DR   KEGG; ath:AT2G45660; -.
DR   Araport; AT2G45660; -.
DR   TAIR; AT2G45660; AGL20.
DR   eggNOG; KOG0014; Eukaryota.
DR   HOGENOM; CLU_053053_0_4_1; -.
DR   InParanoid; O64645; -.
DR   OMA; SMQETIG; -.
DR   OrthoDB; 779108at2759; -.
DR   PhylomeDB; O64645; -.
DR   PRO; PR:O64645; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000006548; Chromosome 2.
DR   ExpressionAtlas; O64645; baseline and differential.
DR   GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0003700; F:DNA-binding transcription factor activity; ISS:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0000981; F:DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; IPI:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0046983; F:protein dimerization activity; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0000977; F:RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0030154; P:cell differentiation; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0009908; P:flower development; TAS:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0010077; P:maintenance of inflorescence meristem identity; IGI:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0045893; P:positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription; IEP:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0009911; P:positive regulation of flower development; IMP:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0045944; P:positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0009409; P:response to cold; IEP:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0009739; P:response to gibberellin; IEP:UniProtKB.
DR   CDD; cd00265; MADS_MEF2_like; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 3.40.1810.10; Transcription factor, MADS-box; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR033896; MADS_MEF2-like.
DR   InterPro; IPR002487; TF_Kbox.
DR   InterPro; IPR002100; TF_MADSbox.
DR   InterPro; IPR036879; TF_MADSbox_sf.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR48019:SF228; MADS-BOX TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FBP28; 1.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR48019; SERUM RESPONSE FACTOR HOMOLOG; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF01486; K-box; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF00319; SRF-TF; 1.
DR   PRINTS; PR00404; MADSDOMAIN.
DR   SMART; SM00432; MADS; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF55455; SRF-like; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS51297; K_BOX; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS00350; MADS_BOX_1; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS50066; MADS_BOX_2; 1.
DR   Genevisible; O64645; AT.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Activator; Cytoplasm; Developmental protein; Differentiation; DNA-binding;
KW   Flowering; Nucleus; Reference proteome; Transcription;
KW   Transcription regulation.
FT   CHAIN           1..214
FT                   /note="MADS-box protein SOC1"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000199486"
FT   DOMAIN          3..57
FT                   /note="MADS-box"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00251"
FT   DOMAIN          87..177
FT                   /note="K-box"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00629"
FT   REGION          162..214
FT                   /note="Disordered"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   COMPBIAS        162..176
FT                   /note="Basic and acidic residues"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   MUTAGEN         24
FT                   /note="R->K: In sso36; suppression of early flowering time
FT                   mediated by SOC1 over-expression."
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:18466303"
FT   MUTAGEN         34
FT                   /note="E->K: In sso11; partial suppression of early
FT                   flowering time mediated by SOC1 overexpression."
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:18466303"
FT   MUTAGEN         113
FT                   /note="G->E: In sso4; partial suppression of early
FT                   flowering time mediated by SOC1 overexpression."
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:18466303"
SQ   SEQUENCE   214 AA;  24533 MW;  B4D39151DE541F8D CRC64;
     MVRGKTQMKR IENATSRQVT FSKRRNGLLK KAFELSVLCD AEVSLIIFSP KGKLYEFASS
     NMQDTIDRYL RHTKDRVSTK PVSEENMQHL KYEAANMMKK IEQLEASKRK LLGEGIGTCS
     IEELQQIEQQ LEKSVKCIRA RKTQVFKEQI EQLKQKEKAL AAENEKLSEK WGSHESEVWS
     NKNQESTGRG DEESSPSSEV ETQLFIGLPC SSRK
//