O55145 (X3CL1_RAT) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Fractalkine

Alternative name(s):
C-X3-C motif chemokine 1
CX3C membrane-anchored chemokine
Neurotactin
Small-inducible cytokine D1

Cleaved into the following chain:

1. Processed fractalkine

Gene names

Name:	Cx3cl1
Synonyms:	Acc1, Fkn, Scyd1

Organism

Rattus norvegicus (Rat) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

10116 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Glires › Rodentia › Sciurognathi › Muroidea › Muridae › Murinae › Rattus

Protein attributes

Sequence length	393 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at transcript level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	The soluble form is chemotactic for T-cells and monocytes, but not for neutrophils. The membrane-bound form promotes adhesion of those leukocytes to endothelial cells. May play a role in regulating leukocyte adhesion and migration processes at the endothelium. Binds to CX3CR1.
Subunit structure	Monomer By similarity.
Subcellular location	Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein By similarity. Processed fractalkine: Secreted By similarity.
Tissue specificity	Highest levels in brain (neurons). Significant levels in kidney, heart, lung and adrenal gland.
Post-translational modification	A soluble short 95 kDa form may be released by proteolytic cleavage from the long membrane-anchored form.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the intercrine delta family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Cell adhesion Chemotaxis
Cellular component	Cell membrane Membrane Secreted
Domain	Signal Transmembrane Transmembrane helix
Molecular function	Cytokine
PTM	Disulfide bond Glycoprotein
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	cell adhesion Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW chemotaxis Inferred from direct assay Ref.1. Source: RGD immune response Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro negative regulation of cytokine secretion Inferred from mutant phenotype PubMed 10652441. Source: RGD negative regulation of vasoconstriction Inferred from direct assay PubMed 19201996. Source: RGD platelet activation Inferred from mutant phenotype PubMed 12969973. Source: RGD positive regulation of cell adhesion Inferred from direct assay PubMed 17114429. Source: RGD positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis Inferred from mutant phenotype PubMed 19282612. Source: RGD positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation Inferred from direct assay PubMed 17182651. Source: RGD regulation of inhibitory postsynaptic membrane potential Inferred from mutant phenotype PubMed 19748551. Source: RGD response to hypoxia Inferred from expression pattern PubMed 18630689. Source: RGD
Cellular_component	cell projection Inferred from direct assay PubMed 11870871. Source: RGD extracellular space Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW integral to membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW perinuclear region of cytoplasm Inferred from direct assay PubMed 11870871. Source: RGD plasma membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Molecular_function	chemokine activity Inferred from direct assay Ref.1. Source: RGD
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Signal peptide	1 – 24	24	Potential
	Chain	25 – 393	369	Fractalkine		PRO_0000005254
	Chain	25 – ?335	311	Processed fractalkine		PRO_0000296226
Regions
	Topological domain	25 – 337	313	Extracellular Potential
	Transmembrane	338 – 358	21	Helical; Potential
	Topological domain	359 – 393	35	Cytoplasmic Potential
	Region	25 – 100	76	Chemokine
	Region	101 – 337	237	Mucin-like stalk
Sites
	Site	335 – 336	2	Cleavage; to produce soluble form Potential
Amino acid modifications
	Glycosylation	33	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
	Disulfide bond	32 ↔ 58		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	36 ↔ 74		By similarity

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	O55145 [UniParc]. Last modified August 14, 2001. Version 3. Checksum: F06BB027CBD8CE14	FASTA	393	41,977
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MAPSQLAWLL RLAAFFHLCT LLAGQHLGMT KCNITCHKMT SPIPVTLLIH YQLNQESCGK 70 80 90 100 110 120 RAIILETRQH RHFCADPKEK WVQDAMKHLD HQTAALTRNG GKFEKRVDNV TPRITSATRG 130 140 150 160 170 180 LSPTALAKPE SATVEDLTLE PTAISQEARR PMGTSQEPPA AVTGSSPSTS KAQDAGLAAK 190 200 210 220 230 240 PQSTGISEVA AVSTTIWPSS AVYQSGSSLW AEEKATESPP TIALSTQAST TSSPKQNVGS 250 260 270 280 290 300 EGQPPWVQEQ DSTPEKSPGP EETNPVHTDI FQDRGPGSTV HPSVAPTSSE KTPSPELVAS 310 320 330 340 350 360 GSQAPKVEEP IHATADPQKL SVFITPVPDS QAATRRQAVG LLAFLGLLFC LGVAMFAYQS 370 380 390 LQGCPRKMAG EMVEGLRYVP RSCGSNSYVL VPV

References

[1]	"Role for neuronally derived fractalkine in mediating interactions between neurons and CX3CR1-expressing microglia." Harrison J.K., Jiang Y., Chen S., Xia Y., Maciejewski D., McNamara R.K., Streit W.J., Salafranca M.N., Adhikari S., Thompson D.A., Botti P., Bacon K.B., Feng L. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95:10896-10901(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Brain.
[2]	Feng L., Harrison J.K. Submitted (MAY-1999) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: SEQUENCE REVISION TO 127-151.
[3]	"Neuronal expression of fractalkine in the presence and absence of inflammation." Schwaeble W.J., Stover C.M., Schall T.J., Dairaghi D.J., Trinder P.K.E., Linington C., Iglesias A., Schubart A., Lynch N.J., Weihe E., Schaefer M.K.-H. FEBS Lett. 439:203-207(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 204-335.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AF030358 mRNA. Translation: AAC33834.2. Y16813 mRNA. Translation: CAA76404.1.
IPI	IPI00195903.
RefSeq	NP_604450.1. NM_134455.1.
UniGene	Rn.107266.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	O55145.
SMR	O55145. Positions 25-100.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRING	10116.ENSRNOP00000022128.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	O55145.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
GeneID	89808.
KEGG	rno:89808.
UCSC	RGD:620458. rat.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	6376.
RGD	620458. Cx3cl1.
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	NOG46337.
HOGENOM	HOG000036946.
HOVERGEN	HBG057269.
InParanoid	O55145.
KO	K05508.
OrthoDB	EOG415GDN.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	O55145.
Genevestigator	O55145.
GermOnline	ENSRNOG00000016326. Rattus norvegicus.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR008097. Chemokine_CX3CL1. IPR001811. Chemokine_IL8-like_dom. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF00048. IL8. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PRINTS	PR01721. FRACTALKINE.
SMART	SM00199. SCY. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SUPFAM	SSF54117. Chemokine_IL8. 1 hit.
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
NextBio	617668.

Entry information

Entry name

X3CL1_RAT

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: O55145

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	July 15, 1999
Last sequence update:	August 14, 2001
Last modified:	April 3, 2013
This is version 91 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program