O48946 (CESA1_ARATH) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 100.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 1 [UDP-forming] Short name=AtCesA1 EC=2.4.1.12 Alternative name(s): Protein RADIALLY SWOLLEN 1 Short name=AtRSW1 | ||||||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) [Reference proteome] | ||||||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 3702 [NCBI] | ||||||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Viridiplantae › Streptophyta › Embryophyta › Tracheophyta › Spermatophyta › Magnoliophyta › eudicotyledons › core eudicotyledons › rosids › malvids › Brassicales › Brassicaceae › Camelineae › Arabidopsis![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 1081 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase terminal complexes ('rosettes'), required for beta-1,4-glucan microfibril crystallization, a major mechanism of the cell wall formation. Involved in the primary cell wall formation. Required during embryogenesis for cell elongation, orientation of cell expansion and complex cell wall formations, such as interdigitated pattern of epidermal pavement cells, stomatal guard cells and trichomes. Plays a role in lateral roots formation, but seems not necessary for the development of tip-growing cells such as root hairs. The presence of each protein CESA1 and CESA6 is critical for cell expansion after germination. Ref.1 Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.10 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.18 Ref.19 |
| Catalytic activity | UDP-glucose + (1,4-beta-D-glucosyl)(n) = UDP + (1,4-beta-D-glucosyl)(n+1). |
| Cofactor | Binds 2 zinc ions per subunit By similarity. |
| Pathway | |
| Subunit structure | Interacts with CESA3 and CESA6. Assembly with CESA3 and CESA6 is required for functional complex in primary cell wall cellulose synthesis. Ref.18 Ref.19 |
| Subcellular location | Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Probable. |
| Tissue specificity | Expressed in germinating seeds, seedlings, roots, stems, shoots leaves and flowers, but not in mature flowers. Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.14 Ref.15 |
| Developmental stage | Expressed throughout the embryo during all steps of embryogenesis, and decrease toward the bent-cotyledon stage. Higher levels in tissues undergoing primary cell wall formation, and drop of expression when secondary wall synthesis takes place. High levels in developing seedlings and elongating stems, with a decrease at later growth stages. Ref.8 Ref.15 |
| Post-translational modification | Phosphorylation level varies significantly during early response to general elicitors. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family. Plant cellulose synthase subfamily. Contains 1 RING-type zinc finger. |
| Sequence caution | The sequence BAD95078.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. |
Ontologies
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 1081 | 1081 | Cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 1 [UDP-forming] | PRO_0000166367 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Topological domain | 1 – 270 | 270 | Cytoplasmic Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 271 – 291 | 21 | Helical; Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 292 – 299 | 8 | Extracellular Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 300 – 320 | 21 | Helical; Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 321 – 856 | 536 | Cytoplasmic Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 857 – 877 | 21 | Helical; Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 878 – 889 | 12 | Extracellular Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 890 – 910 | 21 | Helical; Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 911 – 925 | 15 | Cytoplasmic Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 926 – 946 | 21 | Helical; Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 947 – 976 | 30 | Extracellular Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 977 – 997 | 21 | Helical; Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 998 – 1008 | 11 | Cytoplasmic Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 1009 – 1029 | 21 | Helical; Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 1030 – 1038 | 9 | Extracellular Potential | ||||||
| Transmembrane | 1039 – 1059 | 21 | Helical; Potential | ||||||
| Topological domain | 1060 – 1081 | 22 | Cytoplasmic Potential | ||||||
| Zinc finger | 39 – 85 | 47 | RING-type; degenerate | ||||||
| Coiled coil | 449 – 476 | 28 | Potential | ||||||
Sites | |||||||||
| Active site | 395 | 1 | Potential | ||||||
| Active site | 780 | 1 | Potential | ||||||
| Metal binding | 39 | 1 | Zinc 1 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 42 | 1 | Zinc 1 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 58 | 1 | Zinc 2 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 61 | 1 | Zinc 2 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 66 | 1 | Zinc 1 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 69 | 1 | Zinc 1 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 81 | 1 | Zinc 2 By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 84 | 1 | Zinc 2 By similarity | ||||||
| Binding site | 561 | 1 | Substrate Potential | ||||||
| Binding site | 563 | 1 | Substrate Potential | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 165 | 1 | Phosphothreonine Ref.16 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 167 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.16 Ref.20 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 180 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.17 Ref.20 | ||||||
| Glycosylation | 953 | 1 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential | ||||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 549 | 1 | A → V in rsw1-1; temperature-sensitive disassembly of cellulose synthase complexes ('rosettes') and altered cellulose crystallinity, accumulation of noncrystalline beta-1,4-glucan, normal below 21 degrees Celsius but not above 30 degrees Celsius, accumulation of starch in roots, constitutive and high expression of vegetative storage proteins (VSP) and widespread morphological abnormalities. Ref.1 Ref.7 Ref.10 Ref.11 Ref.13 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 631 | 1 | G → S in rsw1-2; abnormal embryos, very short and stout plants, reduced crystalline cellulose deposition in cell walls, and restricted intercellular spaces due to increased cell junction thickness. Ref.12 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 779 | 1 | E → K in rsw1-45; abnormal embryos, short and stout plants, and reduced crystalline cellulose deposition in cell walls. Ref.15 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 780 | 1 | D → N in rsw1-20; abnormal embryos, short and stout plants, reduced crystalline cellulose deposition in cell walls, and restricted intercellular spaces due to increased cell junction thickness. Ref.15 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Molecular analysis of cellulose biosynthesis in Arabidopsis." Arioli T., Peng L., Betzner A.S., Burn J., Wittke W., Herth W., Camilleri C., Hoefte H., Plazinski J., Birch R., Cork A., Glover J., Redmond J., Williamson R.E. Science 279:717-720(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF ALA-549. Strain: cv. Columbia. |
| [2] | "Sequence and analysis of chromosome 4 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana." Mayer K.F.X., Schueller C., Wambutt R., Murphy G., Volckaert G., Pohl T., Duesterhoeft A., Stiekema W., Entian K.-D., Terryn N., Harris B., Ansorge W., Brandt P., Grivell L.A., Rieger M., Weichselgartner M., de Simone V., Obermaier B. McCombie W.R.Nature 402:769-777(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia. |
| [3] | The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR) Submitted (APR-2011) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: GENOME REANNOTATION. Strain: cv. Columbia. |
| [4] | "Empirical analysis of transcriptional activity in the Arabidopsis genome." Yamada K., Lim J., Dale J.M., Chen H., Shinn P., Palm C.J., Southwick A.M., Wu H.C., Kim C.J., Nguyen M., Pham P.K., Cheuk R.F., Karlin-Newmann G., Liu S.X., Lam B., Sakano H., Wu T., Yu G. Ecker J.R.Science 302:842-846(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia. |
| [5] | "Large-scale analysis of RIKEN Arabidopsis full-length (RAFL) cDNAs." Totoki Y., Seki M., Ishida J., Nakajima M., Enju A., Kamiya A., Narusaka M., Shin-i T., Nakagawa M., Sakamoto N., Oishi K., Kohara Y., Kobayashi M., Toyoda A., Sakaki Y., Sakurai T., Iida K., Akiyama K. Shinozaki K.Submitted (JUL-2006) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Strain: cv. Columbia. |
| [6] | "Higher plant cellulose synthases." Richmond T. Genome Biol. 1:REVIEWS3001.1-REVIEWS3001.6(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: GENE FAMILY, NOMENCLATURE. |
| [7] | "Fractionation of carbohydrates in Arabidopsis root cell walls shows that three radial swelling loci are specifically involved in cellulose production." Peng L., Hocart C.H., Redmond J.W., Williamson R.E. Planta 211:406-414(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF ALA-549. |
| [8] | "PROCUSTE1 encodes a cellulose synthase required for normal cell elongation specifically in roots and dark-grown hypocotyls of Arabidopsis." Fagard M., Desnos T., Desprez T., Goubet F., Refregier G., Mouille G., McCann M., Rayon C., Vernhettes S., Hoefte H. Plant Cell 12:2409-2423(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE. |
| [9] | "Modifications of cellulose synthase confer resistance to isoxaben and thiazolidinone herbicides in Arabidopsis Ixr1 mutants." Scheible W.-R., Eshed R., Richmond T., Delmer D., Somerville C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98:10079-10084(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [10] | "Morphology of rsw1, a cellulose-deficient mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana." Williamson R.E., Burn J.E., Birch R., Baskin T.I., Arioli T., Betzner A.S., Cork A. Protoplasma 215:116-127(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF ALA-549. |
| [11] | "Wall architecture in the cellulose-deficient rsw1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana: microfibrils but not microtubules lose their transverse alignment before microfibrils become unrecognizable in the mitotic and elongation zones of roots." Sugimoto K., Williamson R.E., Wasteneys G.O. Protoplasma 215:172-183(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF ALA-549. |
| [12] | "Alpha-glucosidase I is required for cellulose biosynthesis and morphogenesis in Arabidopsis." Gillmor C.S., Poindexter P., Lorieau J., Palcic M.M., Somerville C. J. Cell Biol. 156:1003-1013(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF GLY-631. |
| [13] | "The Arabidopsis mutant cev1 links cell wall signaling to jasmonate and ethylene responses." Ellis C., Karafyllidis I., Wasternack C., Turner J.G. Plant Cell 14:1557-1566(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: MUTAGENESIS OF ALA-549. |
| [14] | "Functional analysis of the cellulose synthase genes CesA1, CesA2, and CesA3 in Arabidopsis." Burn J.E., Hocart C.H., Birch R.J., Cork A.C., Williamson R.E. Plant Physiol. 129:797-807(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [15] | "Genetic complexity of cellulose synthase A gene function in Arabidopsis embryogenesis." Beeckman T., Przemeck G.K.H., Stamatiou G., Lau R., Terryn N., De Rycke R., Inze D., Berleth T. Plant Physiol. 130:1883-1893(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, MUTAGENESIS OF GLU-779 AND ASP-780. |
| [16] | "Large-scale analysis of in vivo phosphorylated membrane proteins by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry." Nuehse T.S., Stensballe A., Jensen O.N., Peck S.C. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 2:1234-1243(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT THR-165 AND SER-167, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Strain: cv. La-0. |
| [17] | "Quantitative phosphoproteomics of early elicitor signaling in Arabidopsis." Benschop J.J., Mohammed S., O'Flaherty M., Heck A.J.R., Slijper M., Menke F.L.H. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 6:1198-1214(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-180, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Strain: cv. Columbia. |
| [18] | "Genetic evidence for three unique components in primary cell-wall cellulose synthase complexes in Arabidopsis." Persson S., Paredez A., Carroll A., Palsdottir H., Doblin M., Poindexter P., Khitrov N., Auer M., Somerville C.R. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:15566-15571(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBUNIT. |
| [19] | "Organization of cellulose synthase complexes involved in primary cell wall synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana." Desprez T., Juraniec M., Crowell E.F., Jouy H., Pochylova Z., Parcy F., Hoefte H., Gonneau M., Vernhettes S. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:15572-15577(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH CESA3 AND CESA6. |
| [20] | "Large-scale Arabidopsis phosphoproteome profiling reveals novel chloroplast kinase substrates and phosphorylation networks." Reiland S., Messerli G., Baerenfaller K., Gerrits B., Endler A., Grossmann J., Gruissem W., Baginsky S. Plant Physiol. 150:889-903(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-167 AND SER-180, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Strain: cv. Columbia. Tissue: Seedling. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | AF027172 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAC39334.1. AL034567 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA22568.1. AL161581 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAB79958.1. CP002687 Genomic DNA. Translation: AEE86053.1. BT008654 mRNA. Translation: AAP40467.1. AK222115 mRNA. Translation: BAD95078.1. Different initiation. AK226243 mRNA. Translation: BAE98406.1. |
| IPI | IPI00536785. |
| PIR | T05351. |
| RefSeq | NP_194967.1. NM_119393.2. |
| UniGene | At.21246. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | O48946. |
| SMR | O48946. Positions 27-97, 535-591. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| DIP | DIP-59354N. |
Protein family/group databases | |
| CAZy | GT2. Glycosyltransferase Family 2. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PaxDb | O48946. |
| PRIDE | O48946. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| EnsemblPlants | AT4G32410.1; AT4G32410.1; AT4G32410. |
| GeneID | 829376. |
| KEGG | ath:AT4G32410. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| GeneFarm | 5084. 484. |
| TAIR | At4g32410. |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | COG1215. |
| HOGENOM | HOG000241942. |
| InParanoid | O48946. |
| KO | K10999. |
| OMA | KQDKNMM. |
| PhylomeDB | O48946. |
| ProtClustDB | PLN02400. |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| BioCyc | MetaCyc:MONOMER-2361. |
| UniPathway | UPA00695. |
Gene expression databases | |
| Genevestigator | O48946. |
| GermOnline | AT4G32410. Arabidopsis thaliana. |
Family and domain databases | |
| Gene3D | 3.30.40.10. 1 hit. |
| InterPro | IPR005150. Cellulose_synth. IPR001841. Znf_RING. IPR013083. Znf_RING/FYVE/PHD. [Graphical view] |
| Pfam | PF03552. Cellulose_synt. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| SMART | SM00184. RING. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PROSITE | PS00518. ZF_RING_1. False negative. PS50089. ZF_RING_2. False negative. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | CESA1_ARATH | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: O48946 Secondary accession number(s): Q0WWU2, Q56WC7 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Plant Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Arabidopsis thaliana Arabidopsis thaliana: entries and gene names |
| PATHWAY comments Index of metabolic and biosynthesis pathways |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
