O43663 (PRC1_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 103.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 | ||
| Gene names |
| ||
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 620 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Key regulator of cytokinesis that cross-links antiparrallel microtubules at an average distance of 35 nM. Essential for controlling the spatiotemporal formation of the midzone and successful cytokinesis. Required for KIF14 localization to the central spindle and midbody. Required to recruit PLK1 to the spindle. Stimulates PLK1 phosphorylation of RACGAP1 to allow recruitment of ECT2 to the central spindle. Ref.1 Ref.5 Ref.6 Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.15 Ref.18 |
| Subunit structure | Homodimer. Interacts with the C-terminal Rho-GAP domain and the basic region of RACGAP1. The interaction with RACGAP1 inhibits its GAP activity towards CDC42 in vitro, which may be required for maintaining normal spindle morphology. Interacts separately via its N-terminal region with the C-terminus of CENPE, KIF4A and KIF23 during late mitosis. Interacts with KIF14 and KIF20A. Interacts with PLK1. Ref.6 Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.15 Ref.18 |
| Subcellular location | Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm › cytoskeleton › spindle pole. Note: Predominantly localized to the nucleus of interphase cells. During mitosis becomes associated with the mitotic spindle poles and localizes with the cell midbody during cytokinesis. Ref.1 Ref.5 Ref.11 |
| Domain | Microtubule binding occurs via a basic patch in the central spectrin-like domain and requires also the unstructured C-terminal domain. |
| Post-translational modification | Phosphorylation by CDK1 in early mitosis holds PRC1 in an inactive monomeric state, during the metaphase to anaphase transition, PRC1 is dephosphorylated, promoting interaction with KIF4A, which then translocates PRC1 along mitotic spindles to the plus ends of antiparallel interdigitating microtubules. Dephosphorylation also promotes MT-bundling activity by allowing dimerization. Phosphorylation by CDK1 prevents PLK1-binding: upon degradation of CDK1 at anaphase and dephosphorylation, it is then phosphorylated by PLK1, leading to cytokinesis. Ref.1 Ref.10 Ref.11 |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the MAP65/ASE1 family. |
Ontologies
| Keywords | |
|---|---|
| Biological process | Cell cycle Cell division |
| Cellular component | Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Microtubule Nucleus |
| Coding sequence diversity | Alternative splicing Polymorphism |
| Domain | Coiled coil |
| PTM | Phosphoprotein |
| Technical term | 3D-structure Complete proteome Reference proteome |
| Gene Ontology (GO) | |
| Biological_process | cytokinesis Inferred from direct assay Ref.11. Source: UniProtKB mitotic spindle elongationTraceable author statement Ref.1. Source: ProtInc |
| Cellular_component | cytoplasm Inferred from direct assay. Source: HPA nucleusInferred from direct assay. Source: HPA plasma membraneInferred from direct assay. Source: HPA spindle microtubuleTraceable author statement Ref.1. Source: ProtInc spindle poleInferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell |
| Complete GO annotation... | |
Binary interactions
With | Entry | #Exp. | IntAct | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TRIM37 | O94972 | 3 | EBI-741137,EBI-741602 |
Alternative products
| This entry describes 3 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform 1 Ref.1 (identifier: O43663-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform 2 Ref.4 (identifier: O43663-2) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 397-426: Missing. 584-597: Missing. | ||||||
| Note: No experimental confirmation available. Contains a phosphoserine at position 541. | ||||||
| Isoform 3 (identifier: O43663-3) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 50-90: Missing. 558-620: GGYPGSAPLQRNFSINSVASTYSEFAKDPSLSDSSTVGLQRELSKASKSDATSGILNSTNIQS → ARTFKGFQI | ||||||
| Note: No experimental confirmation available. |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||||||||||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 620 | 620 | Protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 | PRO_0000229737 | |||||||||||||||
Regions | |||||||||||||||||||
| Region | 1 – 341 | 341 | Dimerization | ||||||||||||||||
| Region | 342 – 466 | 125 | Spectrin-fold | ||||||||||||||||
| Region | 467 – 620 | 154 | Unstructured, Arg/Lys rich | ||||||||||||||||
| Coiled coil | 96 – 133 | 38 | Potential | ||||||||||||||||
| Coiled coil | 211 – 304 | 94 | Potential | ||||||||||||||||
| Coiled coil | 383 – 463 | 81 | Potential | ||||||||||||||||
Sites | |||||||||||||||||||
| Binding site | 377 | 1 | Tubulin | ||||||||||||||||
| Binding site | 387 | 1 | Tubulin | ||||||||||||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 195 | 1 | Phosphoserine | ||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 265 | 1 | Phosphoserine | ||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 470 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by CDK1 Ref.1 Ref.10 Ref.11 | ||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 481 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by CDK1 Ref.1 Ref.10 Ref.11 | ||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 501 | 1 | Phosphoserine | ||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 513 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.16 | ||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 571 | 1 | Phosphoserine | ||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 592 | 1 | Phosphoserine | ||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 615 | 1 | Phosphoserine | ||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 616 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by PLK1 Ref.11 | ||||||||||||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||||||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 50 – 90 | 41 | Missing in isoform 3. | VSP_035875 | |||||||||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 397 – 426 | 30 | Missing in isoform 2. Ref.4 | VSP_051979 | |||||||||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 558 – 620 | 63 | GGYPG…TNIQS → ARTFKGFQI in isoform 3. | VSP_035876 | |||||||||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 584 – 597 | 14 | Missing in isoform 2. Ref.4 | VSP_051980 | |||||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 187 | 1 | A → E. Ref.1 Ref.2 Ref.4 Corresponds to variant rs7172758 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_047768 | |||||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 511 | 1 | Y → C. Corresponds to variant rs12911192 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_047769 | |||||||||||||||
Experimental info | |||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 470 | 1 | T → A: No effect. Abolishes CDK1-mediated phosphorylation, leading to prematurely recruit PLK1 to the spindle during prometaphase and blocking mitotic progression; when associated with A-481. Ref.1 Ref.5 Ref.11 | ||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 481 | 1 | T → A: No effect. Reduces in vitro cyclin E-CDK2 phosphorylation and causes extensive bundling of microtubules to the mitotic spindle; when associated with A-470. Ref.1 Ref.5 Ref.11 | ||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 577 – 578 | 2 | ST → AA: Weakly reduces binding to the POLO box domains of PLK1. | ||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 615 – 616 | 2 | ST → AA: Impairs binding to the POLO box domains of PLK1, preventing phosphorylation by PLK1 and recruitment of PLK1 to the spindle. | ||||||||||||||||
Secondary structure | |||||||||||||||||||
Helix Strand Turn | |||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 341 – 345 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 347 – 373 | 27 | |||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 375 – 378 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 385 – 417 | 33 | |||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 428 – 464 | 37 | |||||||||||||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "PRC1: a human mitotic spindle-associated CDK substrate protein required for cytokinesis." Jiang W., Jimenez G., Wells N.J., Hope T.J., Wahl G.M., Hunter T., Fukunaga R. Mol. Cell 2:877-885(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF THR-470 AND THR-481, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, PHOSPHORYLATION, VARIANT GLU-187. |
| [2] | "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. Sugano S.Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 3), VARIANT GLU-187. |
| [3] | "Analysis of the DNA sequence and duplication history of human chromosome 15." Zody M.C., Garber M., Sharpe T., Young S.K., Rowen L., O'Neill K., Whittaker C.A., Kamal M., Chang J.L., Cuomo C.A., Dewar K., FitzGerald M.G., Kodira C.D., Madan A., Qin S., Yang X., Abbasi N., Abouelleil A. Nusbaum C.Nature 440:671-675(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [4] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2), VARIANT GLU-187. Tissue: Kidney and Placenta. |
| [5] | "PRC1 is a microtubule binding and bundling protein essential to maintain the mitotic spindle midzone." Mollinari C., Kleman J.-P., Jiang W., Schoehn G., Hunter T., Margolis R.L. J. Cell Biol. 157:1175-1186(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF THR-470 AND THR-481, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. |
| [6] | "Essential roles of KIF4 and its binding partner PRC1 in organized central spindle midzone formation." Kurasawa Y., Earnshaw W.C., Mochizuki Y., Dohmae N., Todokoro K. EMBO J. 23:3237-3248(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH CENPE; KIF4A AND KIF23. |
| [7] | "Human mitotic spindle-associated protein PRC1 inhibits MgcRacGAP activity toward Cdc42 during the metaphase." Ban R., Irino Y., Fukami K., Tanaka H. J. Biol. Chem. 279:16394-16402(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH RACGAP1. |
| [8] | "Cell cycle-dependent translocation of PRC1 on the spindle by Kif4 is essential for midzone formation and cytokinesis." Zhu C., Jiang W. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102:343-348(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH KIF4A. |
| [9] | "KIF14 and citron kinase act together to promote efficient cytokinesis." Gruneberg U., Neef R., Li X., Chan E.H.Y., Chalamalasetty R.B., Nigg E.A., Barr F.A. J. Cell Biol. 172:363-372(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH KIF4A; KIF14; KIF20A AND KIF23. |
| [10] | "Mitotic phosphorylation of PRC1 at Thr470 is required for PRC1 oligomerization and proper central spindle organization." Fu C., Yan F., Wu F., Wu Q., Whittaker J., Hu H., Hu R., Yao X. Cell Res. 17:449-457(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT THR-470 AND THR-481. |
| [11] | "Choice of Plk1 docking partners during mitosis and cytokinesis is controlled by the activation state of Cdk1." Neef R., Gruneberg U., Kopajtich R., Li X., Nigg E.A., Sillje H., Barr F.A. Nat. Cell Biol. 9:436-444(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT THR-470; THR-481 AND THR-616, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MUTAGENESIS OF THR-470; THR-481; 577-SER-THR-578 AND 615-SER-THR-616. |
| [12] | "Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle." Daub H., Olsen J.V., Bairlein M., Gnad F., Oppermann F.S., Korner R., Greff Z., Keri G., Stemmann O., Mann M. Mol. Cell 31:438-448(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [13] | "A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation." Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E., Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-541 (ISOFORM 2), MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [14] | "Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome." Oppermann F.S., Gnad F., Olsen J.V., Hornberger R., Greff Z., Keri G., Mann M., Daub H. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 8:1751-1764(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. |
| [15] | "Polo-like kinase 1 directs assembly of the HsCyk-4 RhoGAP/Ect2 RhoGEF complex to initiate cleavage furrow formation." Wolfe B.A., Takaki T., Petronczki M., Glotzer M. PLoS Biol. 7:E1000110-E1000110(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH PLK1. |
| [16] | "Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis." Olsen J.V., Vermeulen M., Santamaria A., Kumar C., Miller M.L., Jensen L.J., Gnad F., Cox J., Jensen T.S., Nigg E.A., Brunak S., Mann M. Sci. Signal. 3:RA3-RA3(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-513, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [17] | "Initial characterization of the human central proteome." Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Buerckstuemmer T., Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J. BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. |
| [18] | "Insights into antiparallel microtubule crosslinking by PRC1, a conserved nonmotor microtubule binding protein." Subramanian R., Wilson-Kubalek E.M., Arthur C.P., Bick M.J., Campbell E.A., Darst S.A., Milligan R.A., Kapoor T.M. Cell 142:433-443(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.75 ANGSTROMS) OF 341-466, ELECTRON MICROSCOPY, TUBULIN-BINDING SITES, FUNCTION, SUBUNIT. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | AF044588 mRNA. Translation: AAC02688.1. AK297117 mRNA. Translation: BAG59623.1. AC068831 Genomic DNA. No translation available. BC003138 mRNA. Translation: AAH03138.1. BC005140 mRNA. Translation: AAH05140.1. | ||||||||||||||||||
| IPI | IPI00022629. IPI00645623. IPI00915034. | ||||||||||||||||||
| RefSeq | NP_001254509.1. NM_001267580.1. NP_003972.1. NM_003981.3. | ||||||||||||||||||
| UniGene | Hs.366401. | ||||||||||||||||||
3D structure databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| PDBe RCSB PDB PDBj |
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| ProteinModelPortal | O43663. | ||||||||||||||||||
| ModBase | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||
Protein-protein interaction databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| DIP | DIP-34436N. | ||||||||||||||||||
| IntAct | O43663. 5 interactions. | ||||||||||||||||||
| MINT | MINT-1459735. | ||||||||||||||||||
| STRING | 9606.ENSP00000377793. | ||||||||||||||||||
PTM databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| PhosphoSite | O43663. | ||||||||||||||||||
Proteomic databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| PaxDb | O43663. | ||||||||||||||||||
| PRIDE | O43663. | ||||||||||||||||||
Protocols and materials databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| DNASU | 9055. | ||||||||||||||||||
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||
Genome annotation databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| Ensembl | ENST00000394249; ENSP00000377793; ENSG00000198901. ENST00000442656; ENSP00000409549; ENSG00000198901. | ||||||||||||||||||
| GeneID | 9055. | ||||||||||||||||||
| KEGG | hsa:9055. | ||||||||||||||||||
| UCSC | uc002bqm.3. human. uc010uqs.2. human. | ||||||||||||||||||
Organism-specific databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| CTD | 9055. | ||||||||||||||||||
| GeneCards | GC15M091509. | ||||||||||||||||||
| HGNC | HGNC:9341. PRC1. | ||||||||||||||||||
| HPA | HPA034521. | ||||||||||||||||||
| MIM | 603484. gene. | ||||||||||||||||||
| neXtProt | NX_O43663. | ||||||||||||||||||
| PharmGKB | PA33703. | ||||||||||||||||||
| GenAtlas | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||
Phylogenomic databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| eggNOG | NOG298643. | ||||||||||||||||||
| HOGENOM | HOG000082534. | ||||||||||||||||||
| HOVERGEN | HBG052963. | ||||||||||||||||||
| InParanoid | O43663. | ||||||||||||||||||
| KO | K16732. | ||||||||||||||||||
| OMA | HYDIDSA. | ||||||||||||||||||
| PhylomeDB | O43663. | ||||||||||||||||||
Gene expression databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| ArrayExpress | O43663. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Bgee | O43663. | ||||||||||||||||||
| CleanEx | HS_PRC1. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Genevestigator | O43663. | ||||||||||||||||||
| GermOnline | ENSG00000198901. Homo sapiens. | ||||||||||||||||||
Family and domain databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| InterPro | IPR007145. MAP65_Ase1_PRC1. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||||||||
| PANTHER | PTHR19321. PTHR19321. 1 hit. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Pfam | PF03999. MAP65_ASE1. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||||||||
| ProtoNet | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||
Other | |||||||||||||||||||
| ChiTaRS | PRC1. human. | ||||||||||||||||||
| EvolutionaryTrace | O43663. | ||||||||||||||||||
| GenomeRNAi | 9055. | ||||||||||||||||||
| NextBio | 33927. | ||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||
Entry information
| Entry name | PRC1_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: O43663 Secondary accession number(s): A6NC44, B4DLR1, Q9BSB6 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 15 Human chromosome 15: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| PDB cross-references Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
