O43623 (SNAI2_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 29, 2013.
Version 135.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Zinc finger protein SNAI2 Alternative name(s): Neural crest transcription factor Slug Protein snail homolog 2 | ||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 268 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Transcriptional repressor that modulates both activator-dependent and basal transcription. Involved in the generation and migration of neural crest cells. Plays a role in mediating RAF1-induced transcriptional repression of the TJ protein, occludin (OCLN) and subsequent oncogenic transformation of epithelial cells By similarity. Represses BRCA2 expression by binding to its E2-box-containing silencer and recruiting CTBP1 and HDAC1 in breast cells. In epidermal keratinocytes, binds to the E-box in ITGA3 promoter and represses its transcription. Involved in the regulation of ITGB1 and ITGB4 expression and cell adhesion and proliferation in epidermal keratinocytes. Binds to E-box2 domain of BSG and activates its expression during TGFB1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in hepatocytes. Represses E-Cadherin/CDH1 transcription via E-box elements. Involved in osteoblast maturation. Binds to RUNX2 and SOC9 promoters and may act as a positive and negative transcription regulator, respectively, in osteoblasts. Binds to CXCL12 promoter via E-box regions in mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts. Plays an essential role in TWIST1-induced EMT and its ability to promote invasion and metastasis. Ref.1 Ref.8 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.15 |
| Subunit structure | Interacts (via SNAG domain) with LIMD1 (via LIM domains), WTIP (via LIM domains) and AJUBA (via LIM domains) By similarity. Interacts (via zinc fingers) with KPNA2, KPNB1, and TNPO1. May interact (via zinc fingers) with IPO7. Ref.14 |
| Subcellular location | Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Note: Observed in discrete foci in interphase nuclei. These nuclear foci do not overlap with the nucleoli, the SP100 and the HP1 heterochromatin or the coiled body, suggesting SNAI2 is associated with active transcription or active splicing regions. Ref.1 Ref.12 Ref.16 |
| Tissue specificity | Expressed in most adult human tissues, including spleen, thymus, prostate, testis, ovary, small intestine, colon, heart, brain, placenta, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney and pancreas. Not detected in peripheral blood leukocyte. Expressed in the dermis and in all layers of the epidermis, with high levels of expression in the basal layers (at protein level). Expressed in osteoblasts (at protein level). Expressed in mesenchymal stem cells (at protein level). Expressed in breast tumor cells (at protein level). Ref.1 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.15 |
| Domain | Repression activity depends on the C-terminal DNA-binding zinc fingers and on the N-terminal repression domain. |
| Post-translational modification | GSK3B-mediated phosphorylation results in cytoplasmic localization and degradation. |
| Involvement in disease | Waardenburg syndrome 2D (WS2D) [MIM:608890]: WS2 is a genetically heterogeneous, autosomal dominant disorder characterized by sensorineural deafness, pigmentary disturbances, and absence of dystopia canthorum. The frequency of deafness is higher in WS2 than in WS1. Piebald trait (PBT) [MIM:172800]: Autosomal dominant genetic developmental abnormality of pigmentation characterized by congenital patches of white skin and hair that lack melanocytes. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the snail C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. Contains 5 C2H2-type zinc fingers. |
Ontologies
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 268 | 268 | Zinc finger protein SNAI2 | PRO_0000047032 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Zinc finger | 128 – 150 | 23 | C2H2-type 1 | ||||||
| Zinc finger | 159 – 181 | 23 | C2H2-type 2 | ||||||
| Zinc finger | 185 – 207 | 23 | C2H2-type 3 | ||||||
| Zinc finger | 213 – 235 | 23 | C2H2-type 4 | ||||||
| Zinc finger | 241 – 264 | 24 | C2H2-type 5; atypical | ||||||
| Region | 1 – 20 | 20 | SNAG domain By similarity | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Natural variant | 31 | 1 | P → T. Corresponds to variant rs11544360 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_069163 | |||||
| Natural variant | 119 | 1 | D → E in a patient with neural tube defects. Ref.3 | VAR_009873 | |||||
| Natural variant | 234 | 1 | T → I. Corresponds to variant rs13280993 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_069164 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 87 | 1 | S → A: Increases protein stability. Does not affect repressor activity on E-cadherin/CDH1 promoter. Ref.16 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 92 | 1 | S → A: Increases protein stability, nuclear accumulation and repressor activity on E-cadherin/CDH1 promoter; when associated with A-96. Ref.16 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 96 | 1 | S → A: Increases protein stability, nuclear accumulation and repressor activity on E-cadherin/CDH1 promoter; when associated with A-92. Ref.16 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 100 | 1 | S → A: Increases protein stability and half-life, nuclear accumulation and repressor activity on E-cadherin/CDH1 promoter; when associated with A-104. Ref.16 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 104 | 1 | S → A: Increases protein stability and half-life, nuclear accumulation and repressor activity on E-cadherin/CDH1 promoter; when associated with A-100. Ref.16 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 166 | 1 | K → E: Abolishes binding to KPNA2, KPNB1 and IPO7 and impairs binding to TMPO1; when associated with E-175. Ref.14 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 175 | 1 | K → E: Abolishes binding to KPNA2, KPNB1 and IPO7 and impairs binding to TMPO1; when associated with E-166. Ref.14 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 192 | 1 | K → E: Abolishes binding to KPNA2 and impairs binding to KPNB1, IPO7 and TMPO1; when associated with E-196. Ref.14 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 196 | 1 | R → E: Abolishes binding to KPNA2 and impairs binding to KPNB1, IPO7 and TMPO1; when associated with E-192. Ref.14 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 225 | 1 | R → E: Abolishes binding to KPNA2, KPNB1 and IPO7 and impairs binding to TMPO1; when associated with E-229. Ref.14 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 229 | 1 | R → E: Abolishes binding to KPNA2, KPNB1 and IPO7 and impairs binding to TMPO1; when associated with E-225. Ref.14 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 126 | 1 | E → K in BAD97088. Ref.5 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Human Slug is a repressor that localizes to sites of active transcription." Hemavathy K., Guru S.C., Harris J., Chen J.D., Ip Y.T. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20:5087-5095(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. Tissue: Melanocyte. |
| [2] | "Human SLUG gene organization, expression, and chromosome map location on 8q." Cohen M.E., Yin M., Paznekas W.A., Schertzer M., Wood S., Jabs E.W. Genomics 51:468-471(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [3] | "Human transcription factor SLUG: mutation analysis in patients with neural tube defects and identification of a missense mutation (D119E) in the Slug subfamily-defining region." Stegmann K., Boecker J., Kosan C., Ermert A., Kunz J., Koch M.C. Mutat. Res. 406:63-69(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], VARIANT GLU-119. |
| [4] | "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. Sugano S.Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. |
| [5] | Totoki Y., Toyoda A., Takeda T., Sakaki Y., Tanaka A., Yokoyama S. Submitted (APR-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Dermoid cancer. |
| [6] | Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. Venter J.C.Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [7] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Uterus. |
| [8] | "The SLUG zinc-finger protein represses E-cadherin in breast cancer." Hajra K.M., Chen D.Y., Fearon E.R. Cancer Res. 62:1613-1618(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [9] | "SLUG (SNAI2) deletions in patients with Waardenburg disease." Sanchez-Martin M., Rodriguez-Garcia A., Perez-Losada J., Sagrera A., Read A.P., Sanchez-Garcia I. Hum. Mol. Genet. 11:3231-3236(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INVOLVEMENT IN WS2D. |
| [10] | "Deletion of the SLUG (SNAI2) gene results in human piebaldism." Sanchez-Martin M., Perez-Losada J., Rodriguez-Garcia A., Gonzalez-Sanchez B., Korf B.R., Kuster W., Moss C., Spritz R.A., Sanchez-Garcia I. Am. J. Med. Genet. A 122:125-132(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INVOLVEMENT IN PBT. |
| [11] | "Regulation of BRCA2 gene expression by the SLUG repressor protein in human breast cells." Tripathi M.K., Misra S., Khedkar S.V., Hamilton N., Irvin-Wilson C., Sharan C., Sealy L., Chaudhuri G. J. Biol. Chem. 280:17163-17171(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [12] | "Slug regulates integrin expression and cell proliferation in human epidermal keratinocytes." Turner F.E., Broad S., Khanim F.L., Jeanes A., Talma S., Hughes S., Tselepis C., Hotchin N.A. J. Biol. Chem. 281:21321-21331(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [13] | "Slug gene expression supports human osteoblast maturation." Lambertini E., Lisignoli G., Torreggiani E., Manferdini C., Gabusi E., Franceschetti T., Penolazzi L., Gambari R., Facchini A., Piva R. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 66:3641-3653(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [14] | "Characterization of Snail nuclear import pathways as representatives of C2H2 zinc finger transcription factors." Mingot J.M., Vega S., Maestro B., Sanz J.M., Nieto M.A. J. Cell Sci. 122:1452-1460(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH KPNA2; KPNB1; TNPO1 AND IPO7, MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-166; LYS-175; LYS-192; ARG-196; ARG-225 AND ARG-229. |
| [15] | "Slug contributes to the regulation of CXCL12 expression in human osteoblasts." Piva R., Manferdini C., Lambertini E., Torreggiani E., Penolazzi L., Gambari R., Pastore A., Pelucchi S., Gabusi E., Piacentini A., Filardo G., Facchini A., Lisignoli G. Exp. Cell Res. 317:1159-1168(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [16] | "Functional regulation of Slug/Snail2 is dependent on GSK-3beta-mediated phosphorylation." Kim J.Y., Kim Y.M., Yang C.H., Cho S.K., Lee J.W., Cho M. FEBS J. 279:2929-2939(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, PHOSPHORYLATION, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-87; SER-92; SER-96; SER-100 AND SER-104. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | AF042001 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAC34288.1. AF084243 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAD55240.1. AK312661 mRNA. Translation: BAG35543.1. AK223368 mRNA. Translation: BAD97088.1. CH471068 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW86700.1. BC014890 mRNA. Translation: AAH14890.1. BC015895 mRNA. Translation: AAH15895.1. |
| IPI | IPI00013394. |
| RefSeq | NP_003059.1. NM_003068.4. |
| UniGene | Hs.360174. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | O43623. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| STRING | 9606.ENSP00000020945. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | O43623. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PaxDb | O43623. |
| PRIDE | O43623. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| DNASU | 6591. |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000020945; ENSP00000020945; ENSG00000019549. ENST00000396822; ENSP00000380034; ENSG00000019549. |
| GeneID | 6591. |
| KEGG | hsa:6591. |
| UCSC | uc003xqp.3. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 6591. |
| GeneCards | GC08M049830. |
| HGNC | HGNC:11094. SNAI2. |
| HPA | CAB011671. |
| MIM | 172800. phenotype. 602150. gene. 608890. phenotype. |
| neXtProt | NX_O43623. |
| Orphanet | 2884. Piebaldism. 895. Waardenburg syndrome type 2. |
| PharmGKB | PA35945. |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | COG5048. |
| HOGENOM | HOG000261665. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG007477. |
| InParanoid | O43623. |
| KO | K05706. |
| OMA | FHSPLPN. |
| OrthoDB | EOG4H9XM9. |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| Pathway_Interaction_DB | kitpathway. Signaling events mediated by Stem cell factor receptor (c-Kit). |
Gene expression databases | |
| Bgee | O43623. |
| CleanEx | HS_SNAI2. |
| Genevestigator | O43623. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000019549. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| Gene3D | 3.30.160.60. 4 hits. |
| InterPro | IPR007087. Znf_C2H2. IPR015880. Znf_C2H2-like. IPR013087. Znf_C2H2/integrase_DNA-bd. [Graphical view] |
| Pfam | PF00096. zf-C2H2. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| SMART | SM00355. ZnF_C2H2. 5 hits. [Graphical view] |
| PROSITE | PS00028. ZINC_FINGER_C2H2_1. 4 hits. PS50157. ZINC_FINGER_C2H2_2. 5 hits. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| GenomeRNAi | 6591. |
| NextBio | 25641. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | SNAI2_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: O43623 Secondary accession number(s): B2R6P6, Q53FC1 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Recent format changes Overview of recent format changes |
| Human chromosome 8 Human chromosome 8: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
