UniProtKB - O42058 (O42058_9HIV1)
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Protein
Protein Vpr
Gene
vpr
Organism
Human immunodeficiency virus 1
Status
Functioni
During virus entry, plays a role in the transport of the viral pre-integration (PIC) complex to the host nucleus. This function is crucial for viral infection of non-dividing macrophages. May act directly at the nuclear pore complex, by binding nucleoporins phenylalanine-glycine (FG)-repeat regions.UniRule annotation
During virus replication, may deplete host UNG protein, and incude G2-M cell cycle arrest. Acts by targeting specific host proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome, through association with the cellular CUL4A-DDB1 E3 ligase complex by direct interaction with host VPRPB/DCAF-1. Cell cycle arrest reportedly occurs within hours of infection and is not blocked by antiviral agents, suggesting that it is initiated by the VPR carried into the virion. Additionally, VPR induces apoptosis in a cell cycle dependent manner suggesting that these two effects are mechanistically linked. Detected in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patient, VPR may also induce cell death to bystander cells.UniRule annotation
Miscellaneous
HIV-1 lineages are divided in three main groups, M (for Major), O (for Outlier), and N (for New, or Non-M, Non-O). The vast majority of strains found worldwide belong to the group M. Group O seems to be endemic to and largely confined to Cameroon and neighboring countries in West Central Africa, where these viruses represent a small minority of HIV-1 strains. The group N is represented by a limited number of isolates from Cameroonian persons. The group M is further subdivided in 9 clades or subtypes (A to D, F to H, J and K).UniRule annotation
GO - Biological processi
- cell cycle Source: UniProtKB-UniRule
- induction by virus of host apoptotic process Source: UniProtKB-UniRule
- ion transport Source: UniProtKB-UniRule
- protein homooligomerization Source: UniProtKB-UniRule
- regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKB-UniRule
- suppression by virus of G2/M transition of host mitotic cell cycle Source: UniProtKB-UniRule
- transcription, DNA-templated Source: UniProtKB-UniRule
- viral entry into host cell Source: UniProtKB-KW
- viral penetration into host nucleus Source: UniProtKB-UniRule
Keywordsi
Molecular function | ActivatorUniRule annotationSAAS annotation, Ion channelUniRule annotation |
Biological process | ApoptosisUniRule annotation, Cell cycleUniRule annotationSAAS annotation, Host G2/M cell cycle arrest by virusUniRule annotation, Host-virus interaction, Ion transport, Modulation of host cell cycle by virus, Transcription, Transcription regulationUniRule annotationSAAS annotation, Transport, Viral penetration into host nucleusUniRule annotationSAAS annotation, Virus entry into host cell |
Names & Taxonomyi
Protein namesi | Recommended name: Protein VprUniRule annotationSAAS annotationAlternative name(s): R ORF proteinUniRule annotation Viral protein RUniRule annotation |
Gene namesi | Name:vprUniRule annotationImported |
Organismi | Human immunodeficiency virus 1Imported |
Taxonomic identifieri | 11676 [NCBI] |
Taxonomic lineagei | Viruses › Retro-transcribing viruses › Retroviridae › Orthoretrovirinae › Lentivirus › Primate lentivirus group |
Virus hosti | Homo sapiens (Human) [TaxID: 9606] |
Subcellular locationi
- Host nucleus UniRule annotationSAAS annotation
- Virion UniRule annotation
- Host extracellular space UniRule annotation Note: Incorporation into virion is dependent on p6 GAG sequences. Lacks a canonical nuclear localization signal, thus import into nucleus may function independently of the human importin pathway. Detected in high quantity in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patient.UniRule annotation
GO - Cellular componenti
- extracellular space of host Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
- host cell nucleus Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
- virion Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Keywords - Cellular componenti
Host nucleusUniRule annotationSAAS annotation, VirionUniRule annotationSAAS annotationPTM / Processingi
Post-translational modificationi
Phosphorylated on several residues by host. These phosphorylations regulate VPR activity for the nuclear import of the HIV-1 pre-integration complex.UniRule annotation
Keywords - PTMi
PhosphoproteinUniRule annotationInteractioni
Subunit structurei
Homooligomer, may form homodimer. Interacts with p6-gag region of the Pr55 Gag precursor protein through a (Leu-X-X)4 motif near the C-terminus of the P6gag protein. Interacts with host UNG. May interact with host RAD23A/HHR23A. Interacts with host VPRBP/DCAF1, leading to hijack the CUL4A-RBX1-DDB1-DCAF1/VPRBP complex, mediating ubiquitination of host proteins such as TERT and ZGPAT and arrest of the cell cycle in G2 phase.UniRule annotation
Family & Domainsi
Region
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Regioni | 1 – 42 | HomooligomerizationUniRule annotationAdd BLAST | 42 |
Sequence similaritiesi
Belongs to the HIV-1 VPR protein family.UniRule annotation
Family and domain databases
HAMAPi | MF_04080. HIV_VPR. 1 hit. |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR000012. RetroV_VpR/X. |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF00522. VPR. 1 hit. |
PRINTSi | PR00444. HIVVPRVPX. |
i Sequence
Sequence statusi: Complete.
O42058-1 [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket
10 20 30 40 50
MEQAPEDQGP QREPYNEWTL ELLEELKNEA VRHFPRPWLH GLGLHIYETY
60 70 80 90
GDTWTGVEAI IRILQQLLFI HFRIGCRHSR IGIIQQRRTR NGASRS
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | AF000344 Genomic RNA. Translation: AAB70141.1. AF000351 Genomic RNA. Translation: AAB70148.1. AF000353 Genomic RNA. Translation: AAB70150.1. |
Similar proteinsi
Entry informationi
Entry namei | O42058_9HIV1 | |
Accessioni | O42058Primary (citable) accession number: O42058 | |
Entry historyi | Integrated into UniProtKB/TrEMBL: | January 1, 1998 |
Last sequence update: | January 1, 1998 | |
Last modified: | March 28, 2018 | |
This is version 82 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history. | ||
Entry statusi | Unreviewed (UniProtKB/TrEMBL) |