O35280 (CHK1_MOUSE) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 126.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk1 EC=2.7.11.1 Alternative name(s): CHK1 checkpoint homolog Checkpoint kinase-1 | ||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Mus musculus (Mouse) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 10090 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Glires › Rodentia › Sciurognathi › Muroidea › Muridae › Murinae › Mus › Mus![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 476 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Serine/threonine-protein kinase which is required for checkpoint-mediated cell cycle arrest and activation of DNA repair in response to the presence of DNA damage or unreplicated DNA. May also negatively regulate cell cycle progression during unperturbed cell cycles. This regulation is achieved by a number of mechanisms that together help to preserve the integrity of the genome. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [R-X-X-S/T]. Binds to and phosphorylates CDC25A, CDC25B and CDC25C. This inhibits their activity through proteasomal degradation, nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling and inhibition by proteins of the 13-3-3 family. Inhibition of CDC25 leads to increased inhibitory tyrosine phosphorylation of CDK-cyclin complexes and blocks cell cycle progression. Also phosphorylates NEK6. Binds to and phosphorylates RAD51 at 'Thr-309', which promotes the release of RAD51 from BRCA2 and enhances the association of RAD51 with chromatin, thereby promoting DNA repair by homologous recombination. Phosphorylates multiple sites within the C-terminus of TP53, which promotes activation of TP53 by acetylation and promotes cell cycle arrest and suppression of cellular proliferation. Also promotes repair of DNA cross-links through phosphorylation of FANCE. Binds to and phosphorylates TLK1, which prevents the TLK1-dependent phosphorylation of the chromatin assembly factor ASF1A. This may enhance chromatin assembly both in the presence or absence of DNA damage. May also play a role in replication fork maintenance through regulation of PCNA By similarity. May regulate the transcription of genes that regulate cell-cycle progression through the phosphorylation of histones. Phosphorylates histone H3.1 (to form H3T11ph), which leads to epigenetic inhibition of a subset of genes. May also phosphorylate RB1 to promote its interaction with the E2F family of transcription factors and subsequent cell cycle arrest. Ref.5 Ref.6 Ref.7 Ref.10 |
| Catalytic activity | ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. |
| Enzyme regulation | Activated through phosphorylation predominantly by ATR but also by ATM in response to DNA damage or inhibition of DNA replication. Activation is modulated by several mediators including CLSPN, BRCA1 and FEM1B By similarity. |
| Subunit structure | Interacts (phosphorylated by ATR) with RAD51. Interacts with and phosphorylates CLSPN, an adapter protein that regulates the ATR-dependent phosphorylation of CHEK1. Interacts with BRCA1. Interacts with and phosphorylates CDC25A, CDC25B and CDC25C. Interacts with FBXO6, which regulates CHEK1. Interacts with PPM1D, which regulates CHEK1 through dephosphorylation. Interacts with TIMELESS; DNA damage-dependent. Interacts with FEM1B; activates CHEK1 in response to stress. Interacts with TLK1. Interacts with XPO1 and YWHAZ By similarity. |
| Subcellular location | Nucleus By similarity. Cytoplasm By similarity. Cytoplasm › cytoskeleton › centrosome By similarity. Note: Nuclear export is mediated at least in part by XPO1/CRM1. Also localizes to the centrosome specifically during interphase, where it may protect centrosomal CDC2 kinase from inappropriate activation by cytoplasmic CDC25B By similarity. Ref.4 Ref.8 |
| Tissue specificity | Found in all adult tissues tested. Elevated expression in testis, lung and spleen. 15.5 day old embryos show ubiquitous expression with strong expression in brain, liver, kidney, pancreas, intestine, thymus and lung. Ref.1 |
| Developmental stage | In the testis, present in cells undergoing meiosis I. Not detected in peripheral cells in seminiferous tubules that are undergoing pre-meiotic DNA synthesis or in late condensing or mature sperm. Ref.4 |
| Domain | The autoinhibitory region (AIR) inhibits the activity of the kinase domain By similarity. |
| Post-translational modification | Phosphorylated by ATR in a RAD17-dependent manner in response to ultraviolet irradiation and inhibition of DNA replication. Phosphorylated by ATM in response to ionizing irradiation. ATM and ATR can both phosphorylate Ser-317 and Ser-345 and this results in enhanced kinase activity. Phosphorylation at Ser-345 induces a change in the conformation of the protein, activates the kinase activity and is a prerequisite for interaction with FBXO6 and subsequent ubiquitination at Lys-436. Phosphorylation at Ser-345 also increases binding to 14-3-3 proteins and promotes nuclear retention. Conversely, dephosphorylation at Ser-345 by PPM1D may contribute to exit from checkpoint mediated cell cycle arrest. Phosphorylation at Ser-280 by AKT1/PKB, may promote mono and/or diubiquitination. Also phosphorylated at undefined residues during mitotic arrest, resulting in decreased activity. Ref.8 Ubiquitinated. Mono or diubiquitination promotes nuclear exclusion. The activated form (phosphorylated on Ser-345) is polyubiquitinated at Lys-436 by some SCF-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex containing FBXO6 promoting its degradation By similarity. Ubiquitination and degradation are required to terminate the checkpoint and ensure that activated CHEK1 does not accumulate as cells progress through S phase, when replication forks encounter transient impediments during normal DNA replication By similarity. Ref.8 |
| Disruption phenotype | Mice die of apoptosis at the blastocyst stage. Ref.5 |
| Miscellaneous | Haploinsufficient for the suppression of genomic instability and tumor progression. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. NIM1 subfamily. Contains 1 protein kinase domain. |
| Sequence caution | The sequence AAH37613.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation. Translation N-terminally shortened. |
Ontologies
Alternative products
| This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform 1 (identifier: O35280-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform 2 (identifier: O35280-2) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-94: Missing. 95-97: RIE → MEK | ||||||
| Note: No experimental confirmation available. 3 initiator methionines can be considered. If this isoform were to start at the first ATG, it would produce a 28 amino acid-long peptide, sharing the first 22 amino acids with the canonical sequence (isoform 1) and differing in the last 6 residues (VQLAVN -> ARHRDA). An initiation at this site could target the mRNA to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay and, in this case, the peptide would be produced at very low levels. The second possible translation initiation site would lead to the synthesis of the sequence shown in this entry as isoform 2. However, the Kozak sequence for this site is not optimal. Finally the third potential initiator methionine corresponds to position 167 in isoform 1 and would lead to the synthesis of a 310 amino acid-long protein identical to isoform 1 residues 167 through 476. |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 476 | 476 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk1 | PRO_0000085849 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Domain | 9 – 265 | 257 | Protein kinase | ||||||
| Nucleotide binding | 15 – 23 | 9 | ATP By similarity | ||||||
| Region | 1 – 265 | 265 | Interaction with CLSPN By similarity | ||||||
| Region | 391 – 476 | 86 | Autoinhibitory region By similarity | ||||||
Sites | |||||||||
| Active site | 130 | 1 | Proton acceptor By similarity | ||||||
| Binding site | 38 | 1 | ATP By similarity | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 280 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by PKB/AKT1 Ref.8 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 286 | 1 | Phosphoserine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 296 | 1 | Phosphoserine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 301 | 1 | Phosphoserine By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 317 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by ATM and ATR Ref.9 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 345 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by ATR Ref.8 | ||||||
| Cross-link | 436 | Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G-Cter in ubiquitin) By similarity | |||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 1 – 94 | 94 | Missing in isoform 2. | VSP_015791 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 95 – 97 | 3 | RIE → MEK in isoform 2. | VSP_015792 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 280 | 1 | S → A: Enhances cell cycle arrest. Ref.8 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 280 | 1 | S → E: Promotes mono and/or diubiquitination and nuclear exclusion. Reduces phosphorylation at S-345. Ref.8 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 33 | 1 | E → Q in AAC53334. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 50 | 1 | E → Q in AAC53334. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 219 – 223 | 5 | SDWKE → LIVKK in AAB88853. Ref.4 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 252 | 1 | A → S in AAB88853. Ref.4 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 365 | 1 | S → F in AAC53334. Ref.1 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 449 – 450 | 2 | LE → YN in AAB88853. Ref.4 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Conservation of the Chk1 checkpoint pathway in mammals: linkage of DNA damage to Cdk regulation through Cdc25." Sanchez Y., Wong C., Thoma R.S., Richman R., Wu Z., Piwnica-Worms H., Elledge S.J. Science 277:1497-1501(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [2] | "The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome." Carninci P., Kasukawa T., Katayama S., Gough J., Frith M.C., Maeda N., Oyama R., Ravasi T., Lenhard B., Wells C., Kodzius R., Shimokawa K., Bajic V.B., Brenner S.E., Batalov S., Forrest A.R., Zavolan M., Davis M.J. Hayashizaki Y.Science 309:1559-1563(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Strain: C57BL/6J. Tissue: Embryo and Testis. |
| [3] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 2). Tissue: Mammary gland. |
| [4] | "Atm-dependent interactions of a mammalian chk1 homolog with meiotic chromosomes." Flaggs G., Plug A.W., Dunks K.M., Mundt K.E., Ford J.C., Quiggle M.R.E., Taylor E.M., Westphal C.H., Ashley T., Hoekstra M.F., Carr A.M. Curr. Biol. 7:977-986(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 204-450 (ISOFORMS 1/2), SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE. |
| [5] | "Aberrant cell cycle checkpoint function and early embryonic death in Chk1(-/-) mice." Takai H., Tominaga K., Motoyama N., Minamishima Y.A., Nagahama H., Tsukiyama T., Ikeda K., Nakayama K., Nakanishi M., Nakayama K. Genes Dev. 14:1439-1447(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE. |
| [6] | "Chk1 is an essential kinase that is regulated by Atr and required for the G(2)/M DNA damage checkpoint." Liu Q., Guntuku S., Cui X.-S., Matsuoka S., Cortez D., Tamai K., Luo G., Carattini-Rivera S., DeMayo F., Bradley A., Donehower L.A., Elledge S.J. Genes Dev. 14:1448-1459(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN G2/M DNA DAMAGE CHECKPOINT. |
| [7] | "Chk1 is haploinsufficient for multiple functions critical to tumor suppression." Lam M.H., Liu Q., Elledge S.J., Rosen J.M. Cancer Cell 6:45-59(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [8] | "Lack of PTEN sequesters CHK1 and initiates genetic instability." Puc J., Keniry M., Li H.S., Pandita T.K., Choudhury A.D., Memeo L., Mansukhani M., Murty V.V.V.S., Gaciong Z., Meek S.E.M., Piwnica-Worms H., Hibshoosh H., Parsons R. Cancer Cell 7:193-204(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, UBIQUITINATION, PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-280 AND SER-345, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-280. |
| [9] | "ATM and ATR substrate analysis reveals extensive protein networks responsive to DNA damage." Matsuoka S., Ballif B.A., Smogorzewska A., McDonald E.R. III, Hurov K.E., Luo J., Bakalarski C.E., Zhao Z., Solimini N., Lerenthal Y., Shiloh Y., Gygi S.P., Elledge S.J. Science 316:1160-1166(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-317, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Embryonic kidney. |
| [10] | "Chk1 is a histone H3 threonine 11 kinase that regulates DNA damage-induced transcriptional repression." Shimada M., Niida H., Zineldeen D.H., Tagami H., Tanaka M., Saito H., Nakanishi M. Cell 132:221-232(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF TRANSCRIPTION. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | AF016583 mRNA. Translation: AAC53334.1. AK011258 mRNA. Translation: BAB27500.1. AK033179 mRNA. Translation: BAC28185.1. AK045336 mRNA. Translation: BAC32315.1. BC037613 mRNA. Translation: AAH37613.1. Different initiation. AF032875 mRNA. Translation: AAB88853.1. |
| IPI | IPI00229735. IPI00387390. |
| RefSeq | NP_031717.2. NM_007691.5. |
| UniGene | Mm.16753. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | O35280. |
| SMR | O35280. Positions 2-304. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| IntAct | O35280. 1 interaction. |
| MINT | MINT-1340615. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | O35280. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PRIDE | O35280. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENSMUST00000034625; ENSMUSP00000034625; ENSMUSG00000032113. ENSMUST00000172702; ENSMUSP00000134388; ENSMUSG00000032113. |
| GeneID | 12649. |
| KEGG | mmu:12649. |
| UCSC | uc009otv.1. mouse. uc009otx.2. mouse. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 1111. |
| MGI | MGI:1202065. Chek1. |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | COG0515. |
| GeneTree | ENSGT00680000099954. |
| HOGENOM | HOG000216658. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG002590. |
| InParanoid | O35280. |
| KO | K02216. |
| OMA | GGFSKHI. |
| OrthoDB | EOG4001JD. |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| BRENDA | 2.7.11.1. 3474. |
| Reactome | REACT_118161. Cell Cycle. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | O35280. |
| Bgee | O35280. |
| CleanEx | MM_CHEK1. |
| Genevestigator | O35280. |
| GermOnline | ENSMUSG00000032113. Mus musculus. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR011009. Kinase-like_dom. IPR000719. Prot_kinase_cat_dom. IPR017441. Protein_kinase_ATP_BS. IPR002290. Ser/Thr_dual-sp_kinase_dom. IPR008271. Ser/Thr_kinase_AS. [Graphical view] |
| Pfam | PF00069. Pkinase. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| SMART | SM00220. S_TKc. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| SUPFAM | SSF56112. Kinase_like. 1 hit. |
| PROSITE | PS00107. PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP. 1 hit. PS50011. PROTEIN_KINASE_DOM. 1 hit. PS00108. PROTEIN_KINASE_ST. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| NextBio | 281856. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | CHK1_MOUSE | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: O35280 Secondary accession number(s): O54925, Q8CI40, Q9D0N2 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human and mouse protein kinases Human and mouse protein kinases: classification and index |
| MGD cross-references Mouse Genome Database (MGD) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
