O31422 (SKFA_BACSU) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Sporulation-killing factor SkfA

Gene names

Name:	skfA
Synonyms:	ybcO
Ordered Locus Names:	BSU01910

Organism

Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) [Reference proteome] [HAMAP]

Taxonomic identifier

224308 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Bacteria › Firmicutes › Bacilli › Bacillales › Bacillaceae › Bacillus › Bacillus subtilis group › Bacillus subtilis › Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis

Protein attributes

Sequence length	55 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at transcript level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Induces the lysis of other B.subtilis cells that have not entered the sporulation pathway, providing a source of nutrients to support sporulation. Can also inhibit growth of other bacteria at high concentrations. Has a role in protecting the secreted lipase LipA against proteolysis, either by modulating its folding or by acting as a protease inhibitor. Ref.4 Ref.5
Subcellular location	Secreted. Note: Secreted by the ABC transporter SkfEF Probable.
Induction	By Spo0A and PhoP, during nutrient starvation, especially phosphate starvation. Repressed by AbrB during normal growth when nutrients are plentiful, in association with the transcriptional repressor Abh. Ref.7

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Secreted
Molecular function	Antibiotic Antimicrobial
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	defense response to bacterium Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular_component	extracellular region Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 55	55	Sporulation-killing factor SkfA		PRO_0000049459

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	O31422 [UniParc]. Last modified January 1, 1998. Version 1. Checksum: F169E627ADBEBB55	FASTA	55	5,934
	10 20 30 40 50 MKRNQKEWES VSKKGLMKPG GTSIVKAAGC MGCWASKSIA MTRVCALPHP AMRAI

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Sequence analysis of the 70kb region between 17 and 23 degree of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome." Haga K., Liu H., Yasumoto K., Takahashi H., Yoshikawa H. Submitted (JUL-1997) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: 168.
[2]	"The complete genome sequence of the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis." Kunst F., Ogasawara N., Moszer I., Albertini A.M., Alloni G., Azevedo V., Bertero M.G., Bessieres P., Bolotin A., Borchert S., Borriss R., Boursier L., Brans A., Braun M., Brignell S.C., Bron S., Brouillet S., Bruschi C.V. , Caldwell B., Capuano V., Carter N.M., Choi S.-K., Codani J.-J., Connerton I.F., Cummings N.J., Daniel R.A., Denizot F., Devine K.M., Duesterhoeft A., Ehrlich S.D., Emmerson P.T., Entian K.-D., Errington J., Fabret C., Ferrari E., Foulger D., Fritz C., Fujita M., Fujita Y., Fuma S., Galizzi A., Galleron N., Ghim S.-Y., Glaser P., Goffeau A., Golightly E.J., Grandi G., Guiseppi G., Guy B.J., Haga K., Haiech J., Harwood C.R., Henaut A., Hilbert H., Holsappel S., Hosono S., Hullo M.-F., Itaya M., Jones L.-M., Joris B., Karamata D., Kasahara Y., Klaerr-Blanchard M., Klein C., Kobayashi Y., Koetter P., Koningstein G., Krogh S., Kumano M., Kurita K., Lapidus A., Lardinois S., Lauber J., Lazarevic V., Lee S.-M., Levine A., Liu H., Masuda S., Mauel C., Medigue C., Medina N., Mellado R.P., Mizuno M., Moestl D., Nakai S., Noback M., Noone D., O'Reilly M., Ogawa K., Ogiwara A., Oudega B., Park S.-H., Parro V., Pohl T.M., Portetelle D., Porwollik S., Prescott A.M., Presecan E., Pujic P., Purnelle B., Rapoport G., Rey M., Reynolds S., Rieger M., Rivolta C., Rocha E., Roche B., Rose M., Sadaie Y., Sato T., Scanlan E., Schleich S., Schroeter R., Scoffone F., Sekiguchi J., Sekowska A., Seror S.J., Serror P., Shin B.-S., Soldo B., Sorokin A., Tacconi E., Takagi T., Takahashi H., Takemaru K., Takeuchi M., Tamakoshi A., Tanaka T., Terpstra P., Tognoni A., Tosato V., Uchiyama S., Vandenbol M., Vannier F., Vassarotti A., Viari A., Wambutt R., Wedler E., Wedler H., Weitzenegger T., Winters P., Wipat A., Yamamoto H., Yamane K., Yasumoto K., Yata K., Yoshida K., Yoshikawa H.-F., Zumstein E., Yoshikawa H., Danchin A. Nature 390:249-256(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: 168.
[3]	"A 3.1-kb genomic fragment of Bacillus subtilis encodes the protein inhibiting growth of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae." Lin D., Qu L.-J., Gu H., Chen Z. J. Appl. Microbiol. 91:1044-1050(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INHIBITION OF XANTHOMONAS GROWTH.
[4]	"Cannibalism by sporulating bacteria." Gonzalez-Pastor J.E., Hobbs E.C., Losick R. Science 301:510-513(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. Strain: 168 / PY79.
[5]	"Genes involved in SkfA killing factor production protect a Bacillus subtilis lipase against proteolysis." Westers H., Braun P.G., Westers L., Antelmann H., Hecker M., Jongbloed J.D.H., Yoshikawa H., Tanaka T., van Dijl J.M., Quax W.J. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:1899-1908(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: ROLE IN LIPASE PRODUCTION. Strain: 168.
[6]	"High- and low-threshold genes in the Spo0A regulon of Bacillus subtilis." Fujita M., Gonzalez-Pastor J.E., Losick R. J. Bacteriol. 187:1357-1368(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: REPRESSION BY ABRB.
[7]	"Phosphate starvation induces the sporulation killing factor of Bacillus subtilis." Allenby N.E.E., Watts C.A., Homuth G., Pragai Z., Wipat A., Ward A.C., Harwood C.R. J. Bacteriol. 188:5299-5303(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INDUCTION. Strain: 168.
[8]	"Abh and AbrB control of Bacillus subtilis antimicrobial gene expression." Strauch M.A., Bobay B.G., Cavanagh J., Yao F., Wilson A., Le Breton Y. J. Bacteriol. 189:7720-7732(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: REPRESSION BY ABRB AND ABH.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Web resources

Protein Spotlight

I'll have you for supper - Issue 90 of January 2008

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AB006424 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAA33086.1. AL009126 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAB11984.1.
PIR	C69746.
RefSeq	NP_388072.1. NC_000964.3.
3D structure databases
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRING	224308.BSU01910.
Proteomic databases
PaxDb	O31422.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
EnsemblBacteria	CAB11984; CAB11984; BSU01910.
GeneID	938506.
KEGG	bsu:BSU01910.
PATRIC	38335271. VBIBacSub146942_0192.
Organism-specific databases
GenoList	BSU01910. [Micado]
Enzyme and pathway databases
BioCyc	BSUB:BSU01910-MONOMER.
Family and domain databases
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

SKFA_BACSU

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: O31422

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	July 11, 2003
Last sequence update:	January 1, 1998
Last modified:	May 1, 2013
This is version 63 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Prokaryotic Protein Annotation Program