Poly(A) RNA polymerase gld-2 - Caenorhabditis elegans

Preferred order of sections

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Poly(A) RNA polymerase gld-2
EC=2.7.7.19

Alternative name(s):
Defective in germ line development protein 2

Gene names

Name:	gld-2
ORF Names:	ZC308.1

Organism

Caenorhabditis elegans [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

6239 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Ecdysozoa › Nematoda › Chromadorea › Rhabditida › Rhabditoidea › Rhabditidae › Peloderinae › Caenorhabditis

Protein attributes

Sequence length	1113 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Cytoplasmic poly(A) RNA polymerase that adds successive AMP monomers to the 3'-end of specific RNAs, forming a poly(A) tail. Acts as a regulator of mitosis/meiosis required for progression through meiotic prophase during oogenesis and spermatogenesis and for promotion of the entry into meiosis from the mitotic cell cycle. May act by regulating and activating gld-1 mRNA activity in germline. Ref.1 Ref.3 Ref.4 Ref.5 Ref.7 Ref.9 Ref.10
Catalytic activity	ATP + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1).
Cofactor	Magnesium or manganese By similarity.
Subunit structure	Interacts with gld-3. Ref.1 Ref.6
Subcellular location	Cytoplasm Ref.1.
Tissue specificity	Germline-specific. Ref.1
Developmental stage	Abundant in embryos, fourth larval stages and adults. Ref.1
Domain	In contrast to other poly(A) RNA polymerases, lacks any RNA-binding domain. RNA-binding is mediated through its interaction with gld-3.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the DNA polymerase type-B-like family. GLD2 subfamily. Contains 1 PAP-associated domain.
RNA editing	Edited at position 400. Partially edited. RNA editing takes place in most germline-specific transcripts. Ref.8

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Meiosis mRNA processing
Cellular component	Cytoplasm
Coding sequence diversity	Alternative splicing RNA editing
Ligand	ATP-binding Magnesium Manganese Metal-binding Nucleotide-binding
Molecular function	Developmental protein Transferase
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	RNA polyadenylation Inferred from direct assay Ref.1 PubMed 19221201. Source: WormBase embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching Inferred from mutant phenotype Ref.1. Source: WormBase mRNA processing Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW meiosis Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW nucleus organization Inferred from mutant phenotype Ref.1. Source: WormBase regulation of cell division Inferred from mutant phenotype Ref.1. Source: WormBase
Cellular_component	P granule Inferred from direct assay Ref.1. Source: WormBase RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex Inferred from physical interaction Ref.1. Source: WormBase
Molecular_function	ATP binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW metal ion binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity Inferred from direct assay Ref.1 PubMed 19221201. Source: WormBase
Complete GO annotation...

Binary interactions

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct	Notes
gld-3	Q95ZK7	2	EBI-2420017,EBI-317828

Alternative products

This entry describes 4 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]

Isoform a (identifier: O17087-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

Isoform b (identifier: O17087-2) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-482: MVMAQQQKNA...IGTEEKALNE → MPSSIICDVS...TGNEGVSSWK
Note: No experimental confirmation available.

Isoform c (identifier: O17087-3) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-334: MVMAQQQKNA...NERMQSALIG → MPLSTGSIDS...VVEYIKFLER
Note: No experimental confirmation available.

Isoform d (identifier: O17087-4) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-334: MVMAQQQKNA...NERMQSALIG → MCWAVPQPAIFYQLMAIDVVEYIKFLER
Note: No experimental confirmation available.

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature key

Position(s)

Length

Description

Graphical view

Feature identifier

Molecule processing

Chain

1 – 1113

1113

Poly(A) RNA polymerase gld-2

PRO_0000341556

Regions

Domain

780 – 816

37

PAP-associated

Sites

Metal binding

606

1

Magnesium or manganese; catalytic Probable

Metal binding

608

1

Magnesium or manganese; catalytic Probable

Natural variations

Alternative sequence

1 – 482

482

MVMAQ…KALNE → MPSSIICDVSHEGEASGGPS PSSRISNGFSHTVCDLHHNF PIVKNRRKYHNSISTQSSSS TTTSLERISTSTCTSTSSSA SDAIISRAEKDVQTFLVSDE STTGDHEEEEEDDEDGDDES DHNDYDYEDDGERSEHDHEQ TDNDDDEDEIEPFVSSWCFA MGTQRSVMSSVGEKAPKSNV KSMEDWELDVVERAHRESHL AELYADLSWRFYTHPPTSFC LARVFLRHGLTGNEGVSSWK in isoform b.

VSP_034328

Alternative sequence

1 – 334

334

MVMAQ…SALIG → MPLSTGSIDSGFFGCTTNDS LKKGDIEDPQKTTPLSMTDE EETFSTSSSGFSQSSAPPLG DAILSSSNSTSSYLTLNSGA YPRKHRTRVRRSNRKLKRLP QNMSMRFESSSLFSNTLTES LETASCCVSVAGSSRSSLSS SSNSANASYDDMVIRLYFYF KSLLIAINHQKMICESIAYL VKDFDARWGNSGVRKKACDP KGCLAPIYTSSRNTDGGLDK KLVKPANFPMCWAVPQPAIF YQLMAIDVVEYIKFLER in isoform c.

VSP_034329

Alternative sequence

1 – 334

334

MVMAQ…SALIG → MCWAVPQPAIFYQLMAIDVV EYIKFLER in isoform d.

VSP_034330

Natural variant

400

1

P → L in RNA edited version.

Experimental info

Mutagenesis

608

1

D → A: Loss of enzyme activity. Ref.1

Mutagenesis

875

1

E → K in h292; induces defects in entry into meiosis and abolishes interaction with gld-3. Ref.1

Sequences

Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
Isoform a [UniParc]. Last modified March 1, 2003. Version 2. Checksum: EDDB685EFE422F4B Show »	FASTA	1,113	124,612
10 20 30 40 50 60 MVMAQQQKNA ERNDEHTRRN RSPSVDSVSR VQQQSGGFAF YNQQSNHQYQ QSHPRRTSFS 70 80 90 100 110 120 RDGNTGYYNN HSGNKRQTYN NQRGGRSYNH RGNSNYQQNG EYSGNQGCVP KYHQRNQNYP 130 140 150 160 170 180 QLQPKYSYFQ PHQRPIFNST QGYGTYSVRR SSPPSPSALS SSTANSTSNR APTQPPILLR 190 200 210 220 230 240 HAEPASDKNH QGSDHEQNHD PKIHLYRSAG TAPGGYTQCP SPYKQPPPQP PSTPSSSDKR 250 260 270 280 290 300 IEQQQAEDWP TRFQHPPPQF RRGQDPMPAS IELQHKTANQ TMPVDIVQTN QQKTVSSYER 310 320 330 340 350 360 AAQFRASASE LPTDSVDAKH PCFANERMQS ALIGISPQLK TQQQSPGIPI QNEAEASAVM 370 380 390 400 410 420 KAMRSFQFHN WPQMSHGSYY PMPYHLENQM RPMKSGDQLP LNQQNHNLSG FPAFVGKSSL 430 440 450 460 470 480 VGSSLNTRNS SEADPEEMPR IMEKLDDEVT GADHDKTIDE NRRRIHKSQE PRIGTEEKAL 490 500 510 520 530 540 NELPRKANRR NSSCSSISSV SESSSPSALD ESTLTKILPT DNFRGGRGFA SPSPPTSLLS 550 560 570 580 590 600 EPLSRMDVLS EKIWDYHNKV SQTDEMLQRK LHLRDMLYTA ISPVFPLSGL YVVGSSLNGF 610 620 630 640 650 660 GNNSSDMDLC LMITNKDLDQ KNDAVVVLNL ILSTLQYEKF VESQKLILAK VPILRINFAA 670 680 690 700 710 720 PFDDITVDLN ANNSVAIRNT HLLCYYSSYD WRVRPLVSVV KEWAKRKGIN DANKSSFTSY 730 740 750 760 770 780 SLVLMVIHFL QCGPTKVLPN LQQSYPNRFS NKVDVRTLNV TMALEEVADD IDQSLSEKTT 790 800 810 820 830 840 LGELLIGFLD YYANEFNYDR DAISIRQGRR VERAALAVRP KIHSNSEGDK ETPPPSSSAS 850 860 870 880 890 900 TSSIHNGGTP GIPMHHSISN PHFWRSQWRC VCIEEPFTNS NTAHSIYDEM VFEAIKKAFR 910 920 930 940 950 960 EAHGELQHNH DLDKLMECEP IKASTTNTGA AVFAATYEGE RPLAQQPNTI ACASLRVLNS 970 980 990 1000 1010 1020 IPVSSGPGHY HYQQQSNQNL SRPQRPGSNQ GYQMNNNRGF NGNNQQQHQN RRSFNNQSSS 1030 1040 1050 1060 1070 1080 NPGNGSTGPR SSRSNENVRD SSRQQNSQKG SSGVSVSKEN VASTTGVPVD KKQQNSNRKD 1090 1100 1110 DGNRTKRSPM VQSPEPAKTK SEKTPMASSN VSQ « Hide
Isoform b [UniParc]. Checksum: D80C8364E41FFF8F Show »	FASTA	871	96,841
10 20 30 40 50 60 MPSSIICDVS HEGEASGGPS PSSRISNGFS HTVCDLHHNF PIVKNRRKYH NSISTQSSSS 70 80 90 100 110 120 TTTSLERIST STCTSTSSSA SDAIISRAEK DVQTFLVSDE STTGDHEEEE EDDEDGDDES 130 140 150 160 170 180 DHNDYDYEDD GERSEHDHEQ TDNDDDEDEI EPFVSSWCFA MGTQRSVMSS VGEKAPKSNV 190 200 210 220 230 240 KSMEDWELDV VERAHRESHL AELYADLSWR FYTHPPTSFC LARVFLRHGL TGNEGVSSWK 250 260 270 280 290 300 LPRKANRRNS SCSSISSVSE SSSPSALDES TLTKILPTDN FRGGRGFASP SPPTSLLSEP 310 320 330 340 350 360 LSRMDVLSEK IWDYHNKVSQ TDEMLQRKLH LRDMLYTAIS PVFPLSGLYV VGSSLNGFGN 370 380 390 400 410 420 NSSDMDLCLM ITNKDLDQKN DAVVVLNLIL STLQYEKFVE SQKLILAKVP ILRINFAAPF 430 440 450 460 470 480 DDITVDLNAN NSVAIRNTHL LCYYSSYDWR VRPLVSVVKE WAKRKGINDA NKSSFTSYSL 490 500 510 520 530 540 VLMVIHFLQC GPTKVLPNLQ QSYPNRFSNK VDVRTLNVTM ALEEVADDID QSLSEKTTLG 550 560 570 580 590 600 ELLIGFLDYY ANEFNYDRDA ISIRQGRRVE RAALAVRPKI HSNSEGDKET PPPSSSASTS 610 620 630 640 650 660 SIHNGGTPGI PMHHSISNPH FWRSQWRCVC IEEPFTNSNT AHSIYDEMVF EAIKKAFREA 670 680 690 700 710 720 HGELQHNHDL DKLMECEPIK ASTTNTGAAV FAATYEGERP LAQQPNTIAC ASLRVLNSIP 730 740 750 760 770 780 VSSGPGHYHY QQQSNQNLSR PQRPGSNQGY QMNNNRGFNG NNQQQHQNRR SFNNQSSSNP 790 800 810 820 830 840 GNGSTGPRSS RSNENVRDSS RQQNSQKGSS GVSVSKENVA STTGVPVDKK QQNSNRKDDG 850 860 870 NRTKRSPMVQ SPEPAKTKSE KTPMASSNVS Q « Hide
Isoform c [UniParc]. Checksum: 970E49DFDAD1C5A5 Show »	FASTA	1,036	115,092
10 20 30 40 50 60 MPLSTGSIDS GFFGCTTNDS LKKGDIEDPQ KTTPLSMTDE EETFSTSSSG FSQSSAPPLG 70 80 90 100 110 120 DAILSSSNST SSYLTLNSGA YPRKHRTRVR RSNRKLKRLP QNMSMRFESS SLFSNTLTES 130 140 150 160 170 180 LETASCCVSV AGSSRSSLSS SSNSANASYD DMVIRLYFYF KSLLIAINHQ KMICESIAYL 190 200 210 220 230 240 VKDFDARWGN SGVRKKACDP KGCLAPIYTS SRNTDGGLDK KLVKPANFPM CWAVPQPAIF 250 260 270 280 290 300 YQLMAIDVVE YIKFLERISP QLKTQQQSPG IPIQNEAEAS AVMKAMRSFQ FHNWPQMSHG 310 320 330 340 350 360 SYYPMPYHLE NQMRPMKSGD QLPLNQQNHN LSGFPAFVGK SSLVGSSLNT RNSSEADPEE 370 380 390 400 410 420 MPRIMEKLDD EVTGADHDKT IDENRRRIHK SQEPRIGTEE KALNELPRKA NRRNSSCSSI 430 440 450 460 470 480 SSVSESSSPS ALDESTLTKI LPTDNFRGGR GFASPSPPTS LLSEPLSRMD VLSEKIWDYH 490 500 510 520 530 540 NKVSQTDEML QRKLHLRDML YTAISPVFPL SGLYVVGSSL NGFGNNSSDM DLCLMITNKD 550 560 570 580 590 600 LDQKNDAVVV LNLILSTLQY EKFVESQKLI LAKVPILRIN FAAPFDDITV DLNANNSVAI 610 620 630 640 650 660 RNTHLLCYYS SYDWRVRPLV SVVKEWAKRK GINDANKSSF TSYSLVLMVI HFLQCGPTKV 670 680 690 700 710 720 LPNLQQSYPN RFSNKVDVRT LNVTMALEEV ADDIDQSLSE KTTLGELLIG FLDYYANEFN 730 740 750 760 770 780 YDRDAISIRQ GRRVERAALA VRPKIHSNSE GDKETPPPSS SASTSSIHNG GTPGIPMHHS 790 800 810 820 830 840 ISNPHFWRSQ WRCVCIEEPF TNSNTAHSIY DEMVFEAIKK AFREAHGELQ HNHDLDKLME 850 860 870 880 890 900 CEPIKASTTN TGAAVFAATY EGERPLAQQP NTIACASLRV LNSIPVSSGP GHYHYQQQSN 910 920 930 940 950 960 QNLSRPQRPG SNQGYQMNNN RGFNGNNQQQ HQNRRSFNNQ SSSNPGNGST GPRSSRSNEN 970 980 990 1000 1010 1020 VRDSSRQQNS QKGSSGVSVS KENVASTTGV PVDKKQQNSN RKDDGNRTKR SPMVQSPEPA 1030 KTKSEKTPMA SSNVSQ « Hide
Isoform d [UniParc]. Checksum: C7B5080DC23A7243 Show »	FASTA	807	90,176
10 20 30 40 50 60 MCWAVPQPAI FYQLMAIDVV EYIKFLERIS PQLKTQQQSP GIPIQNEAEA SAVMKAMRSF 70 80 90 100 110 120 QFHNWPQMSH GSYYPMPYHL ENQMRPMKSG DQLPLNQQNH NLSGFPAFVG KSSLVGSSLN 130 140 150 160 170 180 TRNSSEADPE EMPRIMEKLD DEVTGADHDK TIDENRRRIH KSQEPRIGTE EKALNELPRK 190 200 210 220 230 240 ANRRNSSCSS ISSVSESSSP SALDESTLTK ILPTDNFRGG RGFASPSPPT SLLSEPLSRM 250 260 270 280 290 300 DVLSEKIWDY HNKVSQTDEM LQRKLHLRDM LYTAISPVFP LSGLYVVGSS LNGFGNNSSD 310 320 330 340 350 360 MDLCLMITNK DLDQKNDAVV VLNLILSTLQ YEKFVESQKL ILAKVPILRI NFAAPFDDIT 370 380 390 400 410 420 VDLNANNSVA IRNTHLLCYY SSYDWRVRPL VSVVKEWAKR KGINDANKSS FTSYSLVLMV 430 440 450 460 470 480 IHFLQCGPTK VLPNLQQSYP NRFSNKVDVR TLNVTMALEE VADDIDQSLS EKTTLGELLI 490 500 510 520 530 540 GFLDYYANEF NYDRDAISIR QGRRVERAAL AVRPKIHSNS EGDKETPPPS SSASTSSIHN 550 560 570 580 590 600 GGTPGIPMHH SISNPHFWRS QWRCVCIEEP FTNSNTAHSI YDEMVFEAIK KAFREAHGEL 610 620 630 640 650 660 QHNHDLDKLM ECEPIKASTT NTGAAVFAAT YEGERPLAQQ PNTIACASLR VLNSIPVSSG 670 680 690 700 710 720 PGHYHYQQQS NQNLSRPQRP GSNQGYQMNN NRGFNGNNQQ QHQNRRSFNN QSSSNPGNGS 730 740 750 760 770 780 TGPRSSRSNE NVRDSSRQQN SQKGSSGVSV SKENVASTTG VPVDKKQQNS NRKDDGNRTK 790 800 RSPMVQSPEP AKTKSEKTPM ASSNVSQ « Hide

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"A regulatory cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerase in Caenorhabditis elegans." Wang L., Eckmann C.R., Kadyk L.C., Wickens M., Kimble J. Nature 419:312-316(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM A), FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, INTERACTION WITH GLD-3, MUTAGENESIS OF ASP-608 AND GLU-875.
[2]	"Genome sequence of the nematode C. elegans: a platform for investigating biology." The C. elegans sequencing consortium Science 282:2012-2018(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA], ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. Strain: Bristol N2.
[3]	"Genetic regulation of entry into meiosis in Caenorhabditis elegans." Kadyk L.C., Kimble J. Development 125:1803-1813(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[4]	"Control of the proliferation versus meiotic development decision in the C. elegans germline through regulation of GLD-1 protein accumulation." Hansen D., Wilson-Berry L., Dang T., Schedl T. Development 131:93-104(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[5]	"Multi-pathway control of the proliferation versus meiotic development decision in the Caenorhabditis elegans germline." Hansen D., Hubbard E.J.A., Schedl T. Dev. Biol. 268:342-357(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[6]	"GLD-3 and control of the mitosis/meiosis decision in the germline of Caenorhabditis elegans." Eckmann C.R., Crittenden S.L., Suh N., Kimble J. Genetics 168:147-160(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH GLD-3.
[7]	"Caenorhabditis elegans atx-2 promotes germline proliferation and the oocyte fate." Maine E.M., Hansen D., Springer D., Vought V.E. Genetics 168:817-830(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[8]	"Tissue-specific modification of gld-2 mRNA in C. elegans: likely C-to-U editing." Wang L., Kimble J., Wickens M. RNA 10:1444-1448(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: RNA EDITING.
[9]	"EGO-1, a putative RNA-directed RNA polymerase, promotes germline proliferation in parallel with GLP-1/notch signaling and regulates the spatial organization of nuclear pore complexes and germline P granules in Caenorhabditis elegans." Vought V.E., Ohmachi M., Lee M.-H., Maine E.M. Genetics 170:1121-1132(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
[10]	"The GLD-2 poly(A) polymerase activates gld-1 mRNA in the Caenorhabditis elegans germ line." Suh N., Jedamzik B., Eckmann C.R., Wickens M., Kimble J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103:15108-15112(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AY125085 mRNA. Translation: AAM94369.1. FO081588 Genomic DNA. Translation: CCD72658.1. FO081588 Genomic DNA. Translation: CCD72659.1. FO081588 Genomic DNA. Translation: CCD72660.1. FO081588 Genomic DNA. Translation: CCD72661.1.
PIR	T32274. T32275.
RefSeq	NP_001021844.1. NM_001026673.1. NP_001021845.1. NM_001026674.1. NP_491841.2. NM_059440.2. NP_491842.2. NM_059441.4.
UniGene	Cel.9280.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	O17087.
SMR	O17087. Positions 554-877.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
IntAct	O17087. 2 interactions.
Proteomic databases
PaxDb	O17087.
PRIDE	O17087.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
EnsemblMetazoa	ZC308.1a; ZC308.1a; ZC308.1.
GeneID	172338.
KEGG	cel:CELE_ZC308.1.
UCSC	ZC308.1a. c. elegans.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	172338.
WormBase	ZC308.1a; CE32766; WBGene00001596; gld-2. ZC308.1b; CE15159; WBGene00001596; gld-2. ZC308.1c; CE33255; WBGene00001596; gld-2. ZC308.1d; CE33256; WBGene00001596; gld-2.
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	COG5260.
GeneTree	ENSGT00550000074490.
InParanoid	O17087.
KO	K14079.
OMA	MEDWELD.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR002058. PAP_assoc. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF03828. PAP_assoc. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
NextBio	875101.

Entry information

Entry name

GLD2_CAEEL

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: O17087
Secondary accession number(s): Q86S49, Q86S50, Q86S51

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	June 10, 2008
Last sequence update:	March 1, 2003
Last modified:	May 1, 2013
This is version 85 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Caenorhabditis annotation project

Relevant documents

Caenorhabditis elegans

Caenorhabditis elegans: entries, gene names and cross-references to WormBase

SIMILARITY comments

Index of protein domains and families

Preferred order of sections

Names and origin

Protein attributes

General annotation (Comments)

Ontologies

Binary interactions

With

Entry

#Exp.

IntAct

Notes

Alternative products

Sequence annotation (Features)

Molecule processing

Regions

Sites

Natural variations

Experimental info

Sequences

References

Cross-references

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Organism-specific databases

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

Other

Entry information

Relevant documents