Skip Header

 
Contribute Send feedback
Read comments (0) or add your own

Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot O16850 (FOXO_CAEEL)

Last modified July 7, 2009. Version 66. Feed History...

Clusters with 100%, 90%, 50% identity | Documents (2) | Third-party data | Customize display text xml rdf/xml gff fasta
Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Binary interactions · Alternative products · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents

Names and origin

Protein namesRecommended name:
    Forkhead box protein O
      Short name=FOXO
Alternative name(s):
    Abnormal dauer formation protein 16
Gene names
Name: daf-16
ORF Names: R13H8.1
OrganismCaenorhabditis elegans [Complete proteome]
Taxonomic identifier6239 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageEukaryotaMetazoaNematodaChromadoreaRhabditidaRhabditoideaRhabditidaePeloderinaeCaenorhabditis

Protein attributes

Sequence length568 AA.
Sequence statusComplete.
Sequence processingThe displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existenceEvidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function

Forkhead-type transcription factor. Binds to the promoters of genes that contain the daf-16 binding element (DBE), TTGTTTAC, in their regulatory region. Functions in the Insulin/IGF-1-like signaling (IIS) mediated pathway which affects lipogenesis, lifespan, starvation survival, heat shock response, and dauer formation. Daf-16 transcriptional activity is negatively regulated by cytoplasmic sequestration. Inhibition is required for the carbon dioxide (CO2) avoidance response. Upon loss of inhibition, daf-16 translocates to the nucleus to regulate genes that result in delayed reproduction and growth while increasing stress resistance starvation tolerance and longevity. Has a protective role against muscle dystrophy. Involved in mediating protection against aberrant protein aggregation proteotoxicity. Influences transcription of genes that code for protein involved in immunity as part of a general stress response. Targets genes that inhibit and stimulate tumor growth. Thought to regulate ins-7 in FOXO-to-FOXO signaling, which coordinates daf-16 expression. Functions by indirect interaction with jnk-1 of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway.

Subunit structure

Interacts with rle-1.

Subcellular location

Isoform c: Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Note: Shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus. Nuclear translocation is thought to be inhibited by phosphorylation by AKT proteins. Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling is induced by starvation, heat treatment, hypergravity, reactive oxygen species (generated by juglone) and the flavonoids kaempferol and fisetin.

Tissue specificity

Isoform b and isoform c are expressed in ectoderm, muscles, intestine and neurons. Isoform b is also expressed in the pharnyx.

Developmental stage

Expressed in embryos, larvae, dauer larvae and adults.

Post-translational modification

Phosphorylated by akt-1, akt-2 and sgk-1. Ubiquitinated. Ubiquitination by rle-1 leads to proteasome-mediated degradation.

Disruption phenotype

Increased carbonyl accumulation and increased sensitivity to starvation.

Sequence similarities

Contains 1 fork-head DNA-binding domain.

Ontologies

Binary interactions

With

Entry

#Exp.

IntAct

Notes

sir-2.1Q219211EBI-324028,EBI-966082

Alternative products

This entry describes 6 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]
Isoform f (identifier: O16850-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.
Note: No experimental confirmation available.
Isoform a (identifier: O16850-2)

Also known as: b;

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     1-236: MQAWNCREVW...QVYEWMVQNV → MNDSIDDDFP...EIYQWFSDNI
     240-248: RDKGDSNSS → GERSSPEEA
Isoform c (identifier: O16850-3)

Also known as: a1;

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     1-140: MQAWNCREVW...LETVDSGRTS → MMEMLVDQGT...HEQIPEEDAD
Note: Shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus. Nuclear translocation is thought to be inhibited by phosphorylation by AKT proteins. Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling is induced by starvation, heat treatment, hypergravity, reactive oxygen species (generated by juglone) and the flavonoids kaempferol and fisetin.
Isoform b (identifier: O16850-4)

Also known as: a2;

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     1-140: MQAWNCREVW...LETVDSGRTS → MMEMLVDQGT...HEQIPEEDAD
     179-181: DFR → E
Isoform d (identifier: O16850-5)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     1-81: Missing.
Isoform e (identifier: O16850-6)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     1-265: Missing.
Note: No experimental confirmation available. Derived from EST data.

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature keyPosition(s)LengthDescriptionGraphical viewFeature identifier

Molecule processing

Chain1 – 568568Forkhead box protein O
PRO_0000377712

Regions

DNA binding202 – 29594Fork-head

Natural variations

Alternative sequence1 – 265265Missing in isoform e.
VSP_053105
Alternative sequence1 – 236236MQAWN…MVQNV → MNDSIDDDFPPEPRGRCYTW PMQQYIYQESSATIPHHHLN QHNNPYHPMHPHHQLPHMQQ LPQPLLNLNMTTLTSSGSSV ASSIGGGAQCSPCASGSSTA ATNSSQQQQTVGQMLAASVP CSSSGMTLGMSLNLSQGGGP MPAKKKRCRKKPTDQLAQKK PNPWGEESYSDIIAKALESA PDGRLKLNEIYQWFSDNI in isoform a.
VSP_053106
Alternative sequence1 – 140140MQAWN…SGRTS → MMEMLVDQGTDASSSASTST SSVSRFGADTFMNTPDDVMM NDDMEPIPRDRCNTWPMRRP QLEPPLNSSPIIHEQIPEED AD in isoform b and isoform c.
VSP_053107
Alternative sequence1 – 8181Missing in isoform d.
VSP_053108
Alternative sequence179 – 1813DFR → E in isoform b.
VSP_053109
Alternative sequence240 – 2489RDKGDSNSS → GERSSPEEA in isoform a.
VSP_053110

Experimental info

Mutagenesis2981S → A: Prevents phosphorylation and results in strong nuclear localization.
Mutagenesis3001T → A: Prevents phosphorylation and results in strong nuclear localization.
Mutagenesis3721S → A: Prevents phosphorylation and results in strong nuclear localization.

Sequences

Sequence LengthMass (Da)Tools
Isoform f [UniParc].

Last modified June 16, 2009. Version 2.
Checksum: 8F7CA4295393BAF1

FASTA56863,164
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MQAWNCREVW RRIRKHLAHT SRTTVYSQFK FQIFEIFFQS FFPIFLHFAA KNSCFEPDFL 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
DSPLPSDITL HNLEPARPDS GMSFSTDFDD DFFNLDLHQQ ERSASFGGVT QYSQQFLREK 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
CSFSPYFHTS LETVDSGRTS LYGSNEQCGQ LGGASSNGST AMLHTPDGSN SHQTSFPSDF 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
RMSESPDDTV SGKKTTTRRN AWGNMSYAEL ITTAIMASPE KRLTLAQVYE WMVQNVPYFR 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
DKGDSNSSAG WKNSIRHNLS LHSRFMRIQN EGAGKSSWWV INPDAKPGRN PRRTRERSNT 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
IETTTKAQLE KSRRGAKKRI KERALMGSLH STLNGNSIAG SIQTISHDLY DDDSMQGAFD 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
NVPSSFRPRT QSNLSIPGSS SRVSPAIGSD IYDDLEFPSW VGESVPAIPS DIVDRTDQMR 

       430        440        450        460        470        480 
IDATTHIGGV QIKQESKPIK TEPIAPPPSY HELNSVRGSC AQNPLLRNPI VPSTNFKPMP 

       490        500        510        520        530        540 
LPGAYGNYQN GGITPINWLS TSNSSPLPGI QSCGIVAAQH TVASSSALPI DLENLTLPDQ 

       550        560 
PLMDTMDVDA LIRHELSQAG GQHIHFDL 

« Hide

Isoform a (b).

Checksum: 8665FBDB428039D6
Show »

FASTA53057,899
Isoform c (a1).

Checksum: 52574F3F979B3583
Show »

FASTA51055,867
Isoform b (a2).

Checksum: 2C0CF97657CD6350
Show »

FASTA50855,578
Isoform d.

Checksum: 6998CD8BF98A5747
Show »

FASTA48753,518
Isoform e.

Checksum: DD1DEB2F8E1BCCAD
Show »

FASTA30332,933

References

« Hide 'large scale' references
[1]"The Fork head transcription factor DAF-16 transduces insulin-like metabolic and longevity signals in C. elegans."
Ogg S., Paradis S., Gottlieb S., Patterson G.I., Lee L., Tissenbaum H.A., Ruvkun G.
Nature 389:994-999(1997) [PubMed: 9353126] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS A; B AND C), TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
Strain: Bristol N2.
[2]"daf-16: An HNF-3/forkhead family member that can function to double the life-span of Caenorhabditis elegans."
Lin K., Dorman J.B., Rodan A., Kenyon C.
Science 278:1319-1322(1997) [PubMed: 9360933] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM C), FUNCTION.
Strain: Bristol N2.
[3]"Genome sequence of the nematode C. elegans: a platform for investigating biology."
The C. elegans sequencing consortium
Science 282:2012-2018(1998) [PubMed: 9851916] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA], ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.
Strain: Bristol N2.
[4]"Identification of the differential distribution patterns of mRNAs and consensus binding sequences for mouse DAF-16 homologues."
Furuyama T., Nakazawa T., Nakano I., Mori N.
Biochem. J. 349:629-634(2000) [PubMed: 10880363] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION.
[5]"Regulation of C. elegans DAF-16 and its human ortholog FKHRL1 by the daf-2 insulin-like signaling pathway."
Lee R.Y., Hench J., Ruvkun G.
Curr. Biol. 11:1950-1957(2001) [PubMed: 11747821] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION.
[6]"daf-16 integrates developmental and environmental inputs to mediate aging in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans."
Henderson S.T., Johnson T.E.
Curr. Biol. 11:1975-1980(2001) [PubMed: 11747825] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[7]"Regulation of the Caenorhabditis elegans longevity protein DAF-16 by insulin/IGF-1 and germline signaling."
Lin K., Hsin H., Libina N., Kenyon C.
Nat. Genet. 28:139-145(2001) [PubMed: 11381260] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-298; THR-300 AND SER-372.
[8]"Regulation of aging and age-related disease by DAF-16 and heat-shock factor."
Hsu A.L., Murphy C.T., Kenyon C.
Science 300:1142-1145(2003) [PubMed: 12750521] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION.
[9]"p38 MAPK regulates expression of immune response genes and contributes to longevity in C. elegans."
Troemel E.R., Chu S.W., Reinke V., Lee S.S., Ausubel F.M., Kim D.H.
PLoS Genet. 2:E183-E183(2006) [PubMed: 17096597] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION.
[10]"Opposing activities protect against age-onset proteotoxicity."
Cohen E., Bieschke J., Perciavalle R.M., Kelly J.W., Dillin A.
Science 313:1604-1610(2006) [PubMed: 16902091] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION.
[11]"Effects of the flavonoids kaempferol and fisetin on thermotolerance, oxidative stress and FoxO transcription factor DAF-16 in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans."
Kampkotter A., Gombitang Nkwonkam C., Zurawski R.F., Timpel C., Chovolou Y., Watjen W., Kahl R.
Arch. Toxicol. 81:849-858(2007) [PubMed: 17551714] [Abstract]
Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
[12]"RLE-1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, regulates C. elegans aging by catalyzing DAF-16 polyubiquitination."
Li W., Gao B., Lee S.-M., Bennett K., Fang D.
Dev. Cell 12:235-246(2007) [PubMed: 17276341] [Abstract]
Cited for: INTERACTION WITH RLE-1, UBIQUITINATION.
[13]"DAF-16/FOXO targets genes that regulate tumor growth in Caenorhabditis elegans."
Pinkston-Gosse J., Kenyon C.
Nat. Genet. 39:1403-1409(2007) [PubMed: 17934462] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION.
[14]"Tissue entrainment by feedback regulation of insulin gene expression in the endoderm of Caenorhabditis elegans."
Murphy C.T., Lee S.J., Kenyon C.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:19046-19050(2007) [PubMed: 18025456] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
[15]"Direct inhibition of the longevity-promoting factor SKN-1 by insulin-like signaling in C. elegans."
Tullet J.M., Hertweck M., An J.H., Baker J., Hwang J.Y., Liu S., Oliveira R.P., Baumeister R., Blackwell T.K.
Cell 132:1025-1038(2008) [PubMed: 18358814] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION, PHOSPHORYLATION.
[16]"A 13C isotope labeling strategy reveals the influence of insulin signaling on lipogenesis in C. elegans."
Perez C.L., Van Gilst M.R.
Cell Metab. 8:266-274(2008) [PubMed: 18762027] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION.
[17]"DAF-16-dependent suppression of immunity during reproduction in Caenorhabditis elegans."
Miyata S., Begun J., Troemel E.R., Ausubel F.M.
Genetics 178:903-918(2008) [PubMed: 18245330] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION.
[18]"Sirtuin inhibition protects from the polyalanine muscular dystrophy protein PABPN1."
Catoire H., Pasco M.Y., Abu-Baker A., Holbert S., Tourette C., Brais B., Rouleau G.A., Parker J.A., Neri C.
Hum. Mol. Genet. 17:2108-2117(2008) [PubMed: 18397876] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION.
[19]"The MAP kinase JNK-1 of Caenorhabditis elegans: location, activation, and influences over temperature-dependent insulin-like signaling, stress responses, and fitness."
Wolf M., Nunes F., Henkel A., Heinick A., Paul R.J.
J. Cell. Physiol. 214:721-729(2008) [PubMed: 17894411] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[20]"A carbon dioxide avoidance behavior is integrated with responses to ambient oxygen and food in Caenorhabditis elegans."
Bretscher A.J., Busch K.E., de Bono M.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:8044-8049(2008) [PubMed: 18524954] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION.
[21]"Combined informatic and expression screen identifies the novel DAF-16 target HLH-13."
Liachko N., Davidowitz R., Lee S.S.
Dev. Biol. 327:97-105(2009) [PubMed: 19103192] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION.
[22]"Feeding a ROS-generator to Caenorhabditis elegans leads to increased expression of small heat shock protein HSP-16.2 and hormesis."
Hartwig K., Heidler T., Moch J., Daniel H., Wenzel U.
Genes Nutr. 4:59-67(2009) [PubMed: 19252938] [Abstract]
Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
+Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases

AF020342 mRNA. Translation: AAB84390.1.
AF020343 mRNA. Translation: AAB84391.1.
AF020344 mRNA. Translation: AAB84392.1.
AF032112 mRNA. Translation: AAC47803.1.
AF039717 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAK82917.1.
AF039717 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAK82918.1.
AF039717 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAK82919.1.
AF039717 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO21385.1.
AF106585 Genomic DNA. No translation available.
PIRT42234.
T42255.
RefSeqNP_001021593.1.
UniGeneCel.18378

3D structure databases

HSSPHSSP built from PDB template 1E17 based on UniProtKB P98177.
ModBaseSearch...

Protein-protein interaction databases

DIPDIP:25581N.
IntActO16850. 2 interactions.

Proteomic databases

PRIDEO16850.

Genome annotation databases

EnsemblR13H8.1. Caenorhabditis elegans. [Contig view]
GeneID172981.
KEGGcel:R13H8.1.
NMPDRfig|6239.3.peg.2908.

Organism-specific databases

WormBaseWBGene00000912. daf-16.
WormPepR13H8.1a. CE28771. [WorfDB]
R13H8.1b. CE28772. [WorfDB]
R13H8.1c. CE28773. [WorfDB]
R13H8.1d. CE38722. [WorfDB]
R13H8.1e. CE33160. [WorfDB]
R13H8.1f. CE38723. [WorfDB]

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpressO16850.

Family and domain databases

InterProIPR001766. TF_fork_head.
IPR018122. TF_fork_head_CS.
IPR011991. Wing_hlx_DNA_bd.
[Graphical view]
Gene3DG3DSA:1.10.10.10. Wing_hlx_DNA_bd. 1 hit.
PANTHERPTHR11829. Fork_box_protein. 1 hit.
PfamPF00250. Fork_head. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
PRINTSPR00053. FORKHEAD.
ProDomPD000425. TF_Fork_head. 1 hit.
[Graphical view] [Entries sharing at least one domain]
SMARTSM00339. FH. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
PROSITEPS00657. FORK_HEAD_1. False negative.
PS00658. FORK_HEAD_2. 1 hit.
PS50039. FORK_HEAD_3. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
ProtoNetSearch...

Other Resources

NextBio877779.

Entry information

Entry nameFOXO_CAEEL
AccessionPrimary (citable) accession number: O16850
Secondary accession number(s): O16849, O18676, Q86S42
Entry history
Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: June 16, 2009
Last sequence update: June 16, 2009
Last modified: July 7, 2009
This is version 66 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]
Entry statusReviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation projectCaenorhabditis annotation project

Relevant documents

Caenorhabditis elegans

Caenorhabditis elegans: entries, gene names and cross-references to WormPep

SIMILARITY comments

Index of protein domains and families

Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Binary interactions · Alternative products · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents