Reviewed,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot O16850 (FOXO_CAEEL)
Last modified
July 7, 2009.
Version 66.
History...
Clusters with 100%,
90%,
50% identity |
Documents (2) |
Third-party data |
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Names and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Forkhead box protein O Short name=FOXO Alternative name(s): Abnormal dauer formation protein 16 | ||||
| Gene names |
| ||||
| Organism | Caenorhabditis elegans [Complete proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 6239 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Nematoda › Chromadorea › Rhabditida › Rhabditoidea › Rhabditidae › Peloderinae › Caenorhabditis |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 568 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is not processed. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level. |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Forkhead-type transcription factor. Binds to the promoters of genes that contain the daf-16 binding element (DBE), TTGTTTAC, in their regulatory region. Functions in the Insulin/IGF-1-like signaling (IIS) mediated pathway which affects lipogenesis, lifespan, starvation survival, heat shock response, and dauer formation. Daf-16 transcriptional activity is negatively regulated by cytoplasmic sequestration. Inhibition is required for the carbon dioxide (CO2) avoidance response. Upon loss of inhibition, daf-16 translocates to the nucleus to regulate genes that result in delayed reproduction and growth while increasing stress resistance starvation tolerance and longevity. Has a protective role against muscle dystrophy. Involved in mediating protection against aberrant protein aggregation proteotoxicity. Influences transcription of genes that code for protein involved in immunity as part of a general stress response. Targets genes that inhibit and stimulate tumor growth. Thought to regulate ins-7 in FOXO-to-FOXO signaling, which coordinates daf-16 expression. Functions by indirect interaction with jnk-1 of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. |
| Subunit structure | Interacts with rle-1. |
| Subcellular location | Isoform c: Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Note: Shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus. Nuclear translocation is thought to be inhibited by phosphorylation by AKT proteins. Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling is induced by starvation, heat treatment, hypergravity, reactive oxygen species (generated by juglone) and the flavonoids kaempferol and fisetin. |
| Tissue specificity | Isoform b and isoform c are expressed in ectoderm, muscles, intestine and neurons. Isoform b is also expressed in the pharnyx. |
| Developmental stage | Expressed in embryos, larvae, dauer larvae and adults. |
| Post-translational modification | Phosphorylated by akt-1, akt-2 and sgk-1. Ubiquitinated. Ubiquitination by rle-1 leads to proteasome-mediated degradation. |
| Disruption phenotype | Increased carbonyl accumulation and increased sensitivity to starvation. |
| Sequence similarities | Contains 1 fork-head DNA-binding domain. |
Ontologies
| Keywords | |
|---|---|
| Biological process | Growth regulation Stress response Transcription Transcription regulation |
| Cellular component | Cytoplasm Nucleus |
| Coding sequence diversity | Alternative splicing |
| Ligand | DNA-binding |
| Molecular function | Developmental protein |
| PTM | Phosphoprotein Ubl conjugation |
| Technical term | Complete proteome |
| Gene Ontology (GO) | |
| Biological process | regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro |
| Cellular component | nucleus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW |
| Molecular function | protein binding Inferred from physical interaction. Source: IntAct sequence-specific DNA bindingInferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro transcription factor activityInferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro |
| Complete GO annotation... | |
Alternative products
| This entry describes 6 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform f (identifier: O16850-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Note: No experimental confirmation available. | ||||||
| Isoform a (identifier: O16850-2) Also known as: b; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-236: MQAWNCREVW...QVYEWMVQNV → MNDSIDDDFP...EIYQWFSDNI 240-248: RDKGDSNSS → GERSSPEEA | ||||||
| Isoform c (identifier: O16850-3) Also known as: a1; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-140: MQAWNCREVW...LETVDSGRTS → MMEMLVDQGT...HEQIPEEDAD | ||||||
| Note: Shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus. Nuclear translocation is thought to be inhibited by phosphorylation by AKT proteins. Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling is induced by starvation, heat treatment, hypergravity, reactive oxygen species (generated by juglone) and the flavonoids kaempferol and fisetin. | ||||||
| Isoform b (identifier: O16850-4) Also known as: a2; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-140: MQAWNCREVW...LETVDSGRTS → MMEMLVDQGT...HEQIPEEDAD 179-181: DFR → E | ||||||
| Isoform d (identifier: O16850-5) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-81: Missing. | ||||||
| Isoform e (identifier: O16850-6) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-265: Missing. | ||||||
| Note: No experimental confirmation available. Derived from EST data. |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 568 | 568 | Forkhead box protein O | PRO_0000377712 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| DNA binding | 202 – 295 | 94 | Fork-head | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 1 – 265 | 265 | Missing in isoform e. | VSP_053105 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 1 – 236 | 236 | MQAWN…MVQNV → MNDSIDDDFPPEPRGRCYTW PMQQYIYQESSATIPHHHLN QHNNPYHPMHPHHQLPHMQQ LPQPLLNLNMTTLTSSGSSV ASSIGGGAQCSPCASGSSTA ATNSSQQQQTVGQMLAASVP CSSSGMTLGMSLNLSQGGGP MPAKKKRCRKKPTDQLAQKK PNPWGEESYSDIIAKALESA PDGRLKLNEIYQWFSDNI in isoform a. | VSP_053106 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 1 – 140 | 140 | MQAWN…SGRTS → MMEMLVDQGTDASSSASTST SSVSRFGADTFMNTPDDVMM NDDMEPIPRDRCNTWPMRRP QLEPPLNSSPIIHEQIPEED AD in isoform b and isoform c. | VSP_053107 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 1 – 81 | 81 | Missing in isoform d. | VSP_053108 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 179 – 181 | 3 | DFR → E in isoform b. | VSP_053109 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 240 – 248 | 9 | RDKGDSNSS → GERSSPEEA in isoform a. | VSP_053110 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 298 | 1 | S → A: Prevents phosphorylation and results in strong nuclear localization. | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 300 | 1 | T → A: Prevents phosphorylation and results in strong nuclear localization. | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 372 | 1 | S → A: Prevents phosphorylation and results in strong nuclear localization. | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "The Fork head transcription factor DAF-16 transduces insulin-like metabolic and longevity signals in C. elegans." Ogg S., Paradis S., Gottlieb S., Patterson G.I., Lee L., Tissenbaum H.A., Ruvkun G. Nature 389:994-999(1997) [PubMed: 9353126] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS A; B AND C), TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE. Strain: Bristol N2. |
| [2] | "daf-16: An HNF-3/forkhead family member that can function to double the life-span of Caenorhabditis elegans." Lin K., Dorman J.B., Rodan A., Kenyon C. Science 278:1319-1322(1997) [PubMed: 9360933] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM C), FUNCTION. Strain: Bristol N2. |
| [3] | "Genome sequence of the nematode C. elegans: a platform for investigating biology." The C. elegans sequencing consortium Science 282:2012-2018(1998) [PubMed: 9851916] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA], ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. Strain: Bristol N2. |
| [4] | "Identification of the differential distribution patterns of mRNAs and consensus binding sequences for mouse DAF-16 homologues." Furuyama T., Nakazawa T., Nakano I., Mori N. Biochem. J. 349:629-634(2000) [PubMed: 10880363] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [5] | "Regulation of C. elegans DAF-16 and its human ortholog FKHRL1 by the daf-2 insulin-like signaling pathway." Lee R.Y., Hench J., Ruvkun G. Curr. Biol. 11:1950-1957(2001) [PubMed: 11747821] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [6] | "daf-16 integrates developmental and environmental inputs to mediate aging in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans." Henderson S.T., Johnson T.E. Curr. Biol. 11:1975-1980(2001) [PubMed: 11747825] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [7] | "Regulation of the Caenorhabditis elegans longevity protein DAF-16 by insulin/IGF-1 and germline signaling." Lin K., Hsin H., Libina N., Kenyon C. Nat. Genet. 28:139-145(2001) [PubMed: 11381260] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-298; THR-300 AND SER-372. |
| [8] | "Regulation of aging and age-related disease by DAF-16 and heat-shock factor." Hsu A.L., Murphy C.T., Kenyon C. Science 300:1142-1145(2003) [PubMed: 12750521] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [9] | "p38 MAPK regulates expression of immune response genes and contributes to longevity in C. elegans." Troemel E.R., Chu S.W., Reinke V., Lee S.S., Ausubel F.M., Kim D.H. PLoS Genet. 2:E183-E183(2006) [PubMed: 17096597] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [10] | "Opposing activities protect against age-onset proteotoxicity." Cohen E., Bieschke J., Perciavalle R.M., Kelly J.W., Dillin A. Science 313:1604-1610(2006) [PubMed: 16902091] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [11] | "Effects of the flavonoids kaempferol and fisetin on thermotolerance, oxidative stress and FoxO transcription factor DAF-16 in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans." Kampkotter A., Gombitang Nkwonkam C., Zurawski R.F., Timpel C., Chovolou Y., Watjen W., Kahl R. Arch. Toxicol. 81:849-858(2007) [PubMed: 17551714] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. |
| [12] | "RLE-1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, regulates C. elegans aging by catalyzing DAF-16 polyubiquitination." Li W., Gao B., Lee S.-M., Bennett K., Fang D. Dev. Cell 12:235-246(2007) [PubMed: 17276341] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH RLE-1, UBIQUITINATION. |
| [13] | "DAF-16/FOXO targets genes that regulate tumor growth in Caenorhabditis elegans." Pinkston-Gosse J., Kenyon C. Nat. Genet. 39:1403-1409(2007) [PubMed: 17934462] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [14] | "Tissue entrainment by feedback regulation of insulin gene expression in the endoderm of Caenorhabditis elegans." Murphy C.T., Lee S.J., Kenyon C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:19046-19050(2007) [PubMed: 18025456] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE. |
| [15] | "Direct inhibition of the longevity-promoting factor SKN-1 by insulin-like signaling in C. elegans." Tullet J.M., Hertweck M., An J.H., Baker J., Hwang J.Y., Liu S., Oliveira R.P., Baumeister R., Blackwell T.K. Cell 132:1025-1038(2008) [PubMed: 18358814] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, PHOSPHORYLATION. |
| [16] | "A 13C isotope labeling strategy reveals the influence of insulin signaling on lipogenesis in C. elegans." Perez C.L., Van Gilst M.R. Cell Metab. 8:266-274(2008) [PubMed: 18762027] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [17] | "DAF-16-dependent suppression of immunity during reproduction in Caenorhabditis elegans." Miyata S., Begun J., Troemel E.R., Ausubel F.M. Genetics 178:903-918(2008) [PubMed: 18245330] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [18] | "Sirtuin inhibition protects from the polyalanine muscular dystrophy protein PABPN1." Catoire H., Pasco M.Y., Abu-Baker A., Holbert S., Tourette C., Brais B., Rouleau G.A., Parker J.A., Neri C. Hum. Mol. Genet. 17:2108-2117(2008) [PubMed: 18397876] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [19] | "The MAP kinase JNK-1 of Caenorhabditis elegans: location, activation, and influences over temperature-dependent insulin-like signaling, stress responses, and fitness." Wolf M., Nunes F., Henkel A., Heinick A., Paul R.J. J. Cell. Physiol. 214:721-729(2008) [PubMed: 17894411] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY. |
| [20] | "A carbon dioxide avoidance behavior is integrated with responses to ambient oxygen and food in Caenorhabditis elegans." Bretscher A.J., Busch K.E., de Bono M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:8044-8049(2008) [PubMed: 18524954] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [21] | "Combined informatic and expression screen identifies the novel DAF-16 target HLH-13." Liachko N., Davidowitz R., Lee S.S. Dev. Biol. 327:97-105(2009) [PubMed: 19103192] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. |
| [22] | "Feeding a ROS-generator to Caenorhabditis elegans leads to increased expression of small heat shock protein HSP-16.2 and hormesis." Hartwig K., Heidler T., Moch J., Daniel H., Wenzel U. Genes Nutr. 4:59-67(2009) [PubMed: 19252938] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| AF020342 mRNA. Translation: AAB84390.1. AF020343 mRNA. Translation: AAB84391.1. AF020344 mRNA. Translation: AAB84392.1. AF032112 mRNA. Translation: AAC47803.1. AF039717 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAK82917.1. AF039717 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAK82918.1. AF039717 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAK82919.1. AF039717 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAO21385.1. AF106585 Genomic DNA. No translation available. | |
| PIR | T42234. T42255. |
| RefSeq | NP_001021593.1. |
| UniGene | Cel.18378 |
3D structure databases | |
| HSSP | HSSP built from PDB template 1E17 based on UniProtKB P98177. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| DIP | DIP:25581N. |
| IntAct | O16850. 2 interactions. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PRIDE | O16850. |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | R13H8.1. Caenorhabditis elegans. [Contig view] |
| GeneID | 172981. |
| KEGG | cel:R13H8.1. |
| NMPDR | fig|6239.3.peg.2908. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| WormBase | WBGene00000912. daf-16. |
| WormPep | R13H8.1a. CE28771. [WorfDB] R13H8.1b. CE28772. [WorfDB] R13H8.1c. CE28773. [WorfDB] R13H8.1d. CE38722. [WorfDB] R13H8.1e. CE33160. [WorfDB] R13H8.1f. CE38723. [WorfDB] |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | O16850. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR001766. TF_fork_head. IPR018122. TF_fork_head_CS. IPR011991. Wing_hlx_DNA_bd. [Graphical view] |
| Gene3D | G3DSA:1.10.10.10. Wing_hlx_DNA_bd. 1 hit. |
| PANTHER | PTHR11829. Fork_box_protein. 1 hit. |
| Pfam | PF00250. Fork_head. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PRINTS | PR00053. FORKHEAD. |
| ProDom | PD000425. TF_Fork_head. 1 hit. [Graphical view] [Entries sharing at least one domain] |
| SMART | SM00339. FH. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PROSITE | PS00657. FORK_HEAD_1. False negative. PS00658. FORK_HEAD_2. 1 hit. PS50039. FORK_HEAD_3. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other Resources | |
| NextBio | 877779. |
Entry information
| Entry name | FOXO_CAEEL | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: O16850 Secondary accession number(s): O16849, O18676, Q86S42 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
| ||||||||
| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation project | Caenorhabditis annotation project | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Caenorhabditis elegans Caenorhabditis elegans: entries, gene names and cross-references to WormPep |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with


