O15537 (XLRS1_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 119.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Retinoschisin Alternative name(s): X-linked juvenile retinoschisis protein | ||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 224 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | May be active in cell adhesion processes during retinal development. |
| Subunit structure | Homooctamer of 4 homodimers; disulfide-linked. Ref.4 |
| Subcellular location | |
| Tissue specificity | Restricted to the retina (at protein level). At the mRNA level, detected only within the photoreceptor cell layer, most prominently within the inner segments of the photoreceptors. Undetectable in the inner plexiform layers and the inner nuclear layer. At the protein level, found in the inner segment of the photoreceptors, the inner nuclear layer, the inner plexiform layer and the ganglion cell layer. At the macula, expressed in both the outer and inner nuclear layers and in the inner plexiform layer (at protein level). Ref.3 |
| Developmental stage | Up-regulated during the differentiation of a retinoblastoma cell line. Ref.3 |
| Involvement in disease | Retinoschisis juvenile X-linked 1 (XLRS1) [MIM:312700]: A vitreo-retinal dystrophy characterized by macular pathology and by splitting of the superficial layer of the retina. Macular changes are present in almost all cases. In the fundi, radially oriented intraretinal foveomacular cysts are seen in a spoke-wheel configuration, with the absence of foveal reflex in most cases. In addition, approximately half of cases have bilateral peripheral retinoschisis in the inferotemporal part of the retina. Aside from the typical fundus appearance, strabismus, nystagmus, axial hyperopia, defective color vision and foveal ectopy can be present. The most important complications are vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, and neovascular glaucoma. |
| Sequence similarities | Contains 1 F5/8 type C domain. |
Ontologies
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Signal peptide | 1 – 23 | 23 | Potential | ||||||||
| Chain | 24 – 224 | 201 | Retinoschisin | PRO_0000022695 | |||||||
Regions | |||||||||||
| Domain | 63 – 219 | 157 | F5/8 type C | ||||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||||
| Disulfide bond | 40 | Interchain Ref.4 | |||||||||
| Disulfide bond | 59 | Interchain (with C-223) Ref.4 | |||||||||
| Disulfide bond | 63 ↔ 219 | Ref.4 | |||||||||
| Disulfide bond | 110 ↔ 142 | Ref.4 | |||||||||
| Disulfide bond | 223 | Interchain (with C-59) Ref.4 | |||||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||||
| Natural variant | 12 | 1 | L → H in XLRS1. | VAR_008209 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 13 | 1 | L → P in XLRS1. Ref.11 | VAR_008210 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 59 | 1 | C → S in XLRS1. | VAR_008211 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 65 | 1 | Y → C in XLRS1. | VAR_008212 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 70 | 1 | G → A in XLRS1. Ref.11 | VAR_008213 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 70 | 1 | G → S in XLRS1. Ref.11 | VAR_008214 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 72 | 1 | E → D in XLRS1. | VAR_008180 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 72 | 1 | E → K in XLRS1. Ref.5 Ref.8 Ref.10 Ref.11 Ref.14 | VAR_008181 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 73 | 1 | S → P in XLRS1. Ref.13 | VAR_065326 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 74 | 1 | G → V in XLRS1. Ref.8 Ref.11 | VAR_008182 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 85 | 1 | Missing in XLRS1. Ref.11 | VAR_023959 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 89 | 1 | Y → C in XLRS1. Ref.10 | VAR_008215 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 96 | 1 | W → R in XLRS1. Ref.1 Ref.11 | VAR_008183 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 98 | 1 | A → E in XLRS1. Ref.7 | VAR_008216 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 102 | 1 | R → Q in XLRS1. Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.13 | VAR_008217 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 102 | 1 | R → W in XLRS1. Ref.1 | VAR_008184 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 103 | 1 | L → R in XLRS1. | VAR_008218 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 108 | 1 | F → C in XLRS1. Ref.7 | VAR_008219 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 109 | 1 | G → E in XLRS1. Ref.10 | VAR_008220 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 109 | 1 | G → R in XLRS1. Ref.8 | VAR_008185 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 109 | 1 | G → W in XLRS1. Ref.7 | VAR_008221 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 110 | 1 | C → Y in XLRS1. | VAR_008222 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 112 | 1 | W → C in XLRS1. | VAR_008223 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 113 | 1 | L → F in XLRS1. | VAR_008224 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 127 | 1 | L → P in XLRS1. | VAR_008225 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 135 | 1 | G → V in XLRS1. | VAR_008226 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 136 | 1 | I → T in XLRS1. | VAR_008227 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 138 | 1 | T → A in XLRS1. | VAR_008228 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 140 | 1 | G → E in XLRS1. | VAR_008229 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 140 | 1 | G → R in XLRS1. Ref.11 Ref.14 | VAR_008230 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 141 | 1 | R → C in XLRS1. Ref.7 Ref.14 | VAR_008231 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 141 | 1 | R → G in XLRS1. | VAR_008232 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 141 | 1 | R → H in XLRS1. Ref.14 | VAR_008233 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 142 | 1 | C → W in XLRS1. Ref.11 | VAR_008234 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 143 | 1 | D → V in XLRS1. | VAR_008235 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 145 | 1 | D → H in XLRS1. Ref.13 | VAR_065327 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 146 | 1 | E → D in XLRS1. | VAR_008236 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 146 | 1 | E → K in XLRS1. Ref.7 | VAR_008237 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 155 | 1 | Y → C in XLRS1. | VAR_008238 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 156 | 1 | R → G in XLRS1. Ref.13 | VAR_065328 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 158 | 1 | D → N. Corresponds to variant rs1800002 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_008239 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 163 | 1 | W → C in XLRS1. Ref.11 | VAR_008240 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 178 | 1 | G → D in XLRS1. | VAR_008241 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 182 | 1 | R → C in XLRS1. Ref.10 | VAR_008242 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 192 | 1 | P → L in XLRS1. Ref.14 | VAR_065329 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 192 | 1 | P → R in XLRS1. | VAR_008243 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 192 | 1 | P → S in XLRS1. Ref.11 Ref.14 | VAR_008244 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 193 | 1 | P → L in XLRS1. Ref.5 | VAR_008245 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 193 | 1 | P → S in XLRS1. Ref.9 | VAR_008246 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 197 | 1 | R → C in XLRS1. Ref.6 | VAR_008247 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 197 | 1 | R → H in XLRS1. | VAR_008248 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 199 | 1 | I → T in XLRS1. | VAR_008249 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 200 | 1 | R → C in XLRS1. Ref.7 Ref.11 Ref.13 | VAR_008251 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 200 | 1 | R → H in XLRS1. Ref.11 | VAR_008252 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 203 | 1 | P → L in XLRS1. Ref.10 | VAR_008253 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 207 | 1 | H → Q in XLRS1. | VAR_008254 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 209 | 1 | R → C in XLRS1. Ref.14 | VAR_065330 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 209 | 1 | R → H in XLRS1. Ref.13 | VAR_008255 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 213 | 1 | R → Q in XLRS1. Ref.13 | VAR_065331 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 213 | 1 | R → W in XLRS1. | VAR_008256 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 215 | 1 | E → K in XLRS1. Ref.7 | VAR_008257 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 215 | 1 | E → Q in XLRS1. | VAR_008258 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 216 | 1 | L → P in XLRS1. | VAR_008259 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 219 | 1 | C → G in XLRS1. | VAR_008260 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 219 | 1 | C → R in XLRS1. | VAR_008261 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 222 | 1 | K → N. Corresponds to variant rs1800004 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_012078 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 223 | 1 | C → R in XLRS1. Ref.11 Ref.13 | VAR_008262 | |||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Positional cloning of the gene associated with X-linked juvenile retinoschisis." Sauer C.G., Gehrig A., Warneke-Wittstock R., Marquardt A., Ewing C.C., Gibson A., Lorenz B., Jurklies B., Weber B.H. Nat. Genet. 17:164-170(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA], VARIANTS XLRS1 ARG-96 AND TRP-102. Tissue: Retina. |
| [2] | "The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome." Ross M.T., Grafham D.V., Coffey A.J., Scherer S., McLay K., Muzny D., Platzer M., Howell G.R., Burrows C., Bird C.P., Frankish A., Lovell F.L., Howe K.L., Ashurst J.L., Fulton R.S., Sudbrak R., Wen G., Jones M.C. Bentley D.R.Nature 434:325-337(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [3] | "Retinoschisin, the X-linked retinoschisis protein, is a secreted photoreceptor protein, and is expressed and released by Weri-Rb1 cells." Grayson C., Reid S.N., Ellis J.A., Rutherford A., Sowden J.C., Yates J.R., Farber D.B., Trump D. Hum. Mol. Genet. 9:1873-1879(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. |
| [4] | "RS1, a discoidin domain-containing retinal cell adhesion protein associated with X-linked retinoschisis, exists as a novel disulfide-linked octamer." Wu W.W., Wong J.P., Kast J., Molday R.S. J. Biol. Chem. 280:10721-10730(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBUNIT, DISULFIDE BONDS. |
| [5] | "Japanese juvenile retinoschisis is caused by mutations of the XLRS1 gene." Hotta Y., Fujiki K., Hayakawa M., Ohta T., Fujimaki T., Tamaki K., Yokoyama T., Kanai A., Hirakata A., Hida T., Nishina S., Azuma N. Hum. Genet. 103:142-144(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS XLRS1 LYS-72 AND LEU-193. |
| [6] | "Recurrent missense (R197C) and nonsense (Y89X) mutations in the XLRS1 gene in families with X-linked retinoschisis." Shastry B.S., Hejtmancik F.J., Trese M.T. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 256:317-319(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT XLRS1 CYS-197. |
| [7] | "Assessment of RS1 in X-linked juvenile retinoschisis and sporadic senile retinoschisis." Gehrig A., White K., Lorenz B., Andrassi M., Clemens S., Weber B.H. Clin. Genet. 55:461-465(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS XLRS1 GLU-98; CYS-108; TRP-109; CYS-141; LYS-146; CYS-200 AND LYS-215. |
| [8] | "Three widespread founder mutations contribute to high incidence of X-linked juvenile retinoschisis in Finland." Huopaniemi L., Rantala A., Forsius H., Somer M., de la Chapelle A., Alitalo T. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 7:368-376(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS XLRS1 LYS-72; VAL-74 AND ARG-109. |
| [9] | "X-linked retinoschisis with a novel substitutive amino acid (P193S) in XLRS1." Duval P.-A., Marlhens F., Griffoin J.-M., Millet P., Arnaud B., Hamel C.P. Hum. Mutat. 13:259-259(1999) Cited for: VARIANT XLRS1 SER-193. |
| [10] | "Identification of four novel mutations of the XLRS1 gene in Japanese patients with X-linked juvenile retinoschisis." Mashima Y., Shinoda K., Ishida S., Ozawa Y., Kudoh J., Iwata T., Oguchi Y., Shimizu N. Hum. Mutat. 13:338-338(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS XLRS1 LYS-72; CYS-89; GLU-109; CYS-182 AND LEU-203. |
| [11] | "Novel mutations in XLRS1 causing retinoschisis, including first evidence of putative leader sequence change." Hiriyanna K.T., Bingham E.L., Yashar B.M., Ayyagari R., Fishman G., Small K.W., Weinberg D.V., Weleber R.G., Lewis R.A., Andreasson S., Richards J.E., Sieving P.A. Hum. Mutat. 14:423-427(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS XLRS1 PRO-13; SER-70; ALA-70; LYS-72; VAL-74; ASN-85 DEL; ARG-96; GLN-102; ARG-140; TRP-142; CYS-163; SER-192; CYS-200; HIS-200 AND ARG-223. |
| [12] | "X-linked retinoschisis in a female with a heterozygous RS1 missense mutation." Saldana M., Thompson J., Monk E., Trump D., Long V., Sheridan E. Am. J. Med. Genet. A 143:608-609(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT XLRS1 GLN-102. |
| [13] | "Clinical features of X linked juvenile retinoschisis in Chinese families associated with novel mutations in the RS1 gene." Li X., Ma X., Tao Y. Mol. Vis. 13:804-812(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS XLRS1 PRO-73; GLN-102; HIS-145; GLY-156; CYS-200; HIS-209; GLN-213 AND ARG-223. |
| [14] | "Clinical and genetic findings in Hungarian patients with X-linked juvenile retinoschisis." Lesch B., Szabo V., Kanya M., Somfai G.M., Vamos R., Varsanyi B., Pamer Z., Knezy K., Salacz G., Janaky M., Ferencz M., Hargitai J., Papp A., Farkas A. Mol. Vis. 14:2321-2332(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS XLRS1 LYS-72; ARG-140; CYS-141; HIS-141; SER-192; LEU-192 AND CYS-209. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Web resources
| Mutations of the RS1 gene Retina International's Scientific Newsletter |
| GeneReviews |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | AF018963 AF018962 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAC18405.1.AF014459 mRNA. Translation: AAC17928.1. Z92542, Z94056 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI42483.1. Z94056, Z92542 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAI42776.1. |
| IPI | IPI00007331. |
| RefSeq | NP_000321.1. NM_000330.3. |
| UniGene | Hs.715725. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | O15537. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| STRING | 9606.ENSP00000369320. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | O15537. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PaxDb | O15537. |
| PRIDE | O15537. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| DNASU | 6247. |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000379984; ENSP00000369320; ENSG00000102104. |
| GeneID | 6247. |
| KEGG | hsa:6247. |
| UCSC | uc004cyo.3. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 6247. |
| GeneCards | GC0XM018567. |
| HGNC | HGNC:10457. RS1. |
| MIM | 300839. gene. 312700. phenotype. |
| neXtProt | NX_O15537. |
| Orphanet | 792. X-linked retinoschisis. |
| PharmGKB | PA34871. |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | NOG130479. |
| HOGENOM | HOG000006700. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG061301. |
| InParanoid | O15537. |
| OMA | AWLSKYQ. |
| OrthoDB | EOG40P47P. |
| PhylomeDB | O15537. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | O15537. |
| Bgee | O15537. |
| CleanEx | HS_RS1. |
| Genevestigator | O15537. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000102104. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR000421. Coagulation_fac_5/8-C_type_dom. IPR008979. Galactose-bd-like. IPR027161. Retinoschisin. [Graphical view] |
| PANTHER | PTHR10127:SF27. PTHR10127:SF27. 1 hit. |
| Pfam | PF00754. F5_F8_type_C. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| SMART | SM00231. FA58C. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| SUPFAM | SSF49785. Gal_bind_like. 1 hit. |
| PROSITE | PS01285. FA58C_1. 1 hit. PS01286. FA58C_2. False negative. PS50022. FA58C_3. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| GenomeRNAi | 6247. |
| NextBio | 24257. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | XLRS1_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: O15537 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome X Human chromosome X: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
