Reviewed,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot O14746 (TERT_HUMAN)
Last modified
June 16, 2009.
Version 80.
History...
Clusters with 100%,
90%,
50% identity |
Documents (6) |
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Names and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Telomerase reverse transcriptase EC=2.7.7.49 Alternative name(s): Telomerase catalytic subunit HEST2 Telomerase-associated protein 2 Short name=TP2 | ||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 1132 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is not processed. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level. |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme essential for the replication of chromosome termini in most eukaryotes. It elongates telomeres. It is a reverse transcriptase that adds simple sequence repeats to chromosome ends by copying a template sequence within the RNA component of the enzyme. Ref.8 |
| Catalytic activity | Deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). |
| Subunit structure | Catalytic subunit of the telomerase holoenzyme complex at least composed of TERT, DKC1, WDR79/TCAB1, NOP10, NHP2, GAR1, TEP1, EST1A, POT1 and a telomerase RNA template component (TERC). Interacts with PINX1 and MCRS1. Ref.10 |
| Subcellular location | |
| Involvement in disease | Activation of telomerase has been implicated in cell immortalization and cancer cell pathogenesis. Defects in TERT are associated with susceptibilty to aplastic anemia (AA) [MIM:609135]. AA is a rare disease in which the reduction of the circulating blood cells results from damage to the stem cell pool in bone marrow. In most patients, the stem cell lesion is caused by an autoimmune attack. T-lymphocytes, activated by an endogenous or exogenous, and most often unknown antigenic stimulus, secrete cytokines, including IFN-gamma, which would in turn be able to suppress hematopoiesis. Ref.14 Genetic variations in TERT are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Ref.16 Defects in TERT are a cause of dyskeratosis congenita autosomal dominant (ADDKC) [MIM:127550]; also known as dyskeratosis congenita Scoggins type. ADDKC is a rare, progressive bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by the triad of reticulated skin hyperpigmentation, nail dystrophy, and mucosal leukoplakia. Early mortality is often associated with bone marrow failure, infections, fatal pulmonary complications, or malignancy. Ref.15 Defects in TERT increases susceptibility to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [MIM:178500]. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is an adult-onset, lethal, scarring lung disease of unknown etiology. Its clinical features are shortness of breath, radiographically evident diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, and varying degrees in inflammation, fibrosis, or both on biopsy. It is rapidly progressive and characterized by sequential acute lung injury with subsequent scarring and endstage lung disease. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the reverse transcriptase family. Telomerase subfamily. Contains 1 reverse transcriptase domain. |
Ontologies
Alternative products
| This entry describes 3 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform 1 (identifier: O14746-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform 2 (identifier: O14746-2) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 764-807: STLTDLQPYM...LNEASSGLFD → LRPVPGDPAG...AGRAAPAFGG 808-1132: Missing. | ||||||
| Note: Phosphorylated on Ser-797. | ||||||
| Isoform 3 (identifier: O14746-3) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 885-947: Missing. |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 1132 | 1132 | Telomerase reverse transcriptase | PRO_0000054925 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Domain | 605 – 935 | 331 | Reverse transcriptase | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 1113 | 1 | Phosphothreonine Ref.11 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 1125 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.11 | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 764 – 807 | 44 | STLTD…SGLFD → LRPVPGDPAGLHPLHAALQP VLRRHGEQAVCGDSAGRAAP AFGG in isoform 2. | VSP_019587 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 808 – 1132 | 325 | Missing in isoform 2. | VSP_019588 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 885 – 947 | 63 | Missing in isoform 3. | VSP_021727 | |||||
| Natural variant | 202 | 1 | A → T in AA susceptibility; severe and moderate. | VAR_036863 | |||||
| Natural variant | 279 | 1 | A → T Ref.14 | VAR_036864 | |||||
| Natural variant | 412 | 1 | H → Y in AA susceptibility; severe and moderate. dbSNP rs34094720. | VAR_025149 | |||||
| Natural variant | 441 | 1 | Missing Ref.14 | VAR_036865 | |||||
| Natural variant | 694 | 1 | V → M in AA susceptibility; moderate. | VAR_036866 | |||||
| Natural variant | 772 | 1 | Y → C in AA susceptibility; moderate. | VAR_036867 | |||||
| Natural variant | 865 | 1 | R → H in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis susceptibility. Ref.17 | VAR_036868 | |||||
| Natural variant | 902 | 1 | K → N in ADDKC. Ref.15 | VAR_036869 | |||||
| Natural variant | 948 | 1 | S → R: dbSNP rs34062885. | VAR_053726 | |||||
| Natural variant | 1062 | 1 | A → T Ref.14 Ref.7 | VAR_025150 | |||||
| Natural variant | 1090 | 1 | V → M in AA susceptibility; severe. | VAR_036870 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 712 | 1 | D → A: Loss of telomerase activity. Ref.8 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 868 – 869 | 2 | DD → AA: Loss of telomerase activity. Ref.8 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 868 | 1 | D → A: Loss of telomerase activity. Ref.8 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 869 | 1 | D → A: Loss of telomerase activity. Ref.8 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 516 | 1 | D → G in AAC51724. Ref.2 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Telomerase catalytic subunit homologs from fission yeast and human." Nakamura T.M., Morin G.B., Chapman K.B., Weinrich S.L., Andrews W.H., Lingner J., Harley C.B., Cech T.R. Science 277:955-959(1997) [PubMed: 9252327] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Kidney. |
| [2] | "hEST2, the putative human telomerase catalytic subunit gene, is up-regulated in tumor cells and during immortalization." Meyerson M., Counter C.M., Eaton E.N., Ellisen L.W., Steiner P., Caddle S.D., Ziaugra L., Beijersbergen R.L., Davidoff M.J., Liu Q., Bacchetti S., Haber D.A., Weinberg R.A. Cell 90:785-795(1997) [PubMed: 9288757] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). |
| [3] | "Genomic organization and promoter characterization of the gene encoding the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)." Wick M., Zubov D., Hagen G. Gene 232:97-106(1999) [PubMed: 10333526] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [4] | "Expression profile of a gamma-deletion variant of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene." Hisatomi H., Ohyashiki K., Ohyashiki J.H., Nagao K., Kanamaru T., Hirata H., Hibi N., Tsukada Y. Neoplasia 5:193-197(2003) [PubMed: 12869302] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2). Tissue: Stomach cancer. |
| [5] | "Differential alternative splicing expressions of telomerase reverse transcriptase in gastrointestinal cell lines." Nagao K., Katsumata K., Aizawa Y., Saito N., Hirata H., Sasaki H., Yamamoto S., Hikiji K., Koiwa T., Hisatomi H. Oncol. Rep. 11:127-131(2004) [PubMed: 14654914] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 3). |
| [6] | "Sequence of a BAC carrying the entire hTERT gene." Londono-Vallejo J.A. Submitted (OCT-2001) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [7] | NIEHS SNPs program Submitted (OCT-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], VARIANTS TYR-412 AND THR-1062. |
| [8] | "Human telomerase contains evolutionarily conserved catalytic and structural subunits." Harrington L., Zhou W., McPhail T., Oulton R., Yeung D.S., Mar V., Bass M.B., Robinson M.O. Genes Dev. 11:3109-3115(1997) [PubMed: 9389643] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION IN TELOMERASE ACTIVITY, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, ASSOCIATION WITH TEP1, MUTAGENESIS OF ASP-712; ASP-868 AND ASP-869. |
| [9] | "Polymerization defects within human telomerase are distinct from telomerase RNA and TEP1 binding." Beattie T.L., Zhou W., Robinson M.O., Harrington L. Mol. Biol. Cell 11:3329-3340(2000) [PubMed: 11029039] [Abstract] Cited for: ASSOCIATION WITH TEP1. |
| [10] | "Human MCRS2, a cell-cycle-dependent protein, associates with LPTS/PinX1 and reduces the telomere length." Song H., Li Y., Chen G., Xing Z., Zhao J., Yokoyama K.K., Li T., Zhao M. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 316:1116-1123(2004) [PubMed: 15044100] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH MCRS1. |
| [11] | "Quantitative phosphoproteome analysis using a dendrimer conjugation chemistry and tandem mass spectrometry." Tao W.A., Wollscheid B., O'Brien R., Eng J.K., Li X.-J., Bodenmiller B., Watts J.D., Hood L., Aebersold R. Nat. Methods 2:591-598(2005) [PubMed: 16094384] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT THR-1113 AND SER-1125, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: T-cell. |
| [12] | "Phosphoproteome analysis of the human mitotic spindle." Nousiainen M., Sillje H.H.W., Sauer G., Nigg E.A., Koerner R. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103:5391-5396(2006) [PubMed: 16565220] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-797 (ISOFORM 2), MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Epithelium. |
| [13] | "A human telomerase holoenzyme protein required for Cajal body localization and telomere synthesis." Venteicher A.S., Abreu E.B., Meng Z., McCann K.E., Terns R.M., Veenstra T.D., Terns M.P., Artandi S.E. Science 323:644-648(2009) [PubMed: 19179534] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION IN THE TELOMERASE HOLOENZYME COMPLEX. |
| [14] | "Mutations in TERT, the gene for telomerase reverse transcriptase, in aplastic anemia." Yamaguchi H., Calado R.T., Ly H., Kajigaya S., Baerlocher G.M., Chanock S.J., Lansdorp P.M., Young N.S. N. Engl. J. Med. 352:1413-1424(2005) [PubMed: 15814878] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS AA SUSCEPTIBILITY THR-202; TYR-412; MET-694; CYS-772 AND MET-1090, VARIANTS THR-279; GLU-441 DEL AND THR-1062. |
| [15] | "Haploinsufficiency of telomerase reverse transcriptase leads to anticipation in autosomal dominant dyskeratosis congenita." Armanios M., Chen J.-L., Chang Y.-P.C., Brodsky R.A., Hawkins A., Griffin C.A., Eshleman J.R., Cohen A.R., Chakravarti A., Hamosh A., Greider C.W. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102:15960-15964(2005) [PubMed: 16247010] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT ADDKC ASN-902. |
| [16] | "Coronary artery disease and a functional polymorphism of hTERT." Matsubara Y., Murata M., Watanabe K., Saito I., Miyaki K., Omae K., Ishikawa M., Matsushita K., Iwanaga S., Ogawa S., Ikeda Y. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 348:669-672(2006) [PubMed: 16890917] [Abstract] Cited for: INVOLVEMENT IN CAD SUSCEPTIBILITY. |
| [17] | "Adult-onset pulmonary fibrosis caused by mutations in telomerase." Tsakiri K.D., Cronkhite J.T., Kuan P.J., Xing C., Raghu G., Weissler J.C., Rosenblatt R.L., Shay J.W., Garcia C.K. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:7552-7557(2007) [PubMed: 17460043] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS SUSCEPTIBILITY HIS-865. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AF015950 mRNA. Translation: AAC51672.1. AF018167 mRNA. Translation: AAC51724.1. AF128894, AF128893 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAD30037.1. AB085628 mRNA. Translation: BAC11010.1. AB086379 mRNA. Translation: BAC11014.1. AY007685 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAG23289.1. DQ264729 Genomic DNA. Translation: ABB72674.1. | |||||||||||||
| IPI | IPI00168908. IPI00298218. IPI00384469. | ||||||||||||
| PIR | T03844. | ||||||||||||
| RefSeq | NP_937983.2. NP_937986.1. | ||||||||||||
| UniGene | Hs.492203 | ||||||||||||
3D structure databases | |||||||||||||
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| ModBase | Search... | ||||||||||||
Protein-protein interaction databases | |||||||||||||
| IntAct | O14746. 5 interactions. | ||||||||||||
PTM databases | |||||||||||||
| PhosphoSite | O14746. | ||||||||||||
Proteomic databases | |||||||||||||
| PRIDE | O14746. | ||||||||||||
Genome annotation databases | |||||||||||||
| Ensembl | ENSG00000164362. Homo sapiens. [Contig view] | ||||||||||||
| GeneID | 7015. | ||||||||||||
| KEGG | hsa:7015. | ||||||||||||
Organism-specific databases | |||||||||||||
| GeneCards | GC05M001306. | ||||||||||||
| H-InvDB | HIX0031945. | ||||||||||||
| HGNC | HGNC:11730. TERT. | ||||||||||||
| MIM | 127550. phenotype. 178500. phenotype. 187270. gene+phenotype. 609135. phenotype. | ||||||||||||
| Orphanet | 88. Aplastic anemia. 1775. Dyskeratosis congenita. 2032. Pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic. 3088. Retinopathy - anemia- central nervous system anomalies. | ||||||||||||
| PharmGKB | PA36447. | ||||||||||||
| GenAtlas | Search... | ||||||||||||
Phylogenomic databases | |||||||||||||
| HOVERGEN | O14746. | ||||||||||||
| OMA | O14746. NHARCPY. | ||||||||||||
Enzyme and pathway databases | |||||||||||||
| BRENDA | 2.7.7.49. 247. | ||||||||||||
| Pathway_Interaction_DB | hif1_tfpathway. HIF-1-alpha transcription factor network. il2_pi3kpathway. IL2 signaling events mediated by PI3K. telomerasepathway. Regulation of Telomerase. | ||||||||||||
| Reactome | REACT_7970. Telomere Maintenance. | ||||||||||||
Gene expression databases | |||||||||||||
| ArrayExpress | O14746. | ||||||||||||
| Bgee | O14746. | ||||||||||||
| CleanEx | HS_TERT. | ||||||||||||
| GermOnline | ENSG00000164362. Homo sapiens. | ||||||||||||
Family and domain databases | |||||||||||||
| InterPro | IPR000477. DNA_pol_RVTase. IPR003545. Telomerase_RT. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| PRINTS | PR01365. TELOMERASERT. | ||||||||||||
| PROSITE | PS50878. RT_POL. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| ProtoNet | Search... | ||||||||||||
Other Resources | |||||||||||||
| NextBio | 27405. | ||||||||||||
| SOURCE | Search... | ||||||||||||
Entry information
| Entry name | TERT_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: O14746 Secondary accession number(s): O14783 Q8NG46 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation project | HPI (Human Proteome Initiative) | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 5 Human chromosome 5: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| PDB cross-references Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with


