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Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot O14746 (TERT_HUMAN)

Last modified June 16, 2009. Version 80. Feed History...

Clusters with 100%, 90%, 50% identity | Documents (6) | Third-party data | Customize display text xml rdf/xml gff fasta
Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Binary interactions · Alternative products · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Web resources · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents

Names and origin

Protein namesRecommended name:
    Telomerase reverse transcriptase
    EC=2.7.7.49
Alternative name(s):
    Telomerase catalytic subunit
    HEST2
    Telomerase-associated protein 2
      Short name=TP2
Gene names
Name: TERT
Synonyms: EST2, TCS1, TRT
OrganismHomo sapiens (Human)
Taxonomic identifier9606 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageEukaryotaMetazoaChordataCraniataVertebrataEuteleostomiMammaliaEutheriaEuarchontogliresPrimatesHaplorrhiniCatarrhiniHominidaeHomo

Protein attributes

Sequence length1132 AA.
Sequence statusComplete.
Sequence processingThe displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existenceEvidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme essential for the replication of chromosome termini in most eukaryotes. It elongates telomeres. It is a reverse transcriptase that adds simple sequence repeats to chromosome ends by copying a template sequence within the RNA component of the enzyme. Ref.8

Catalytic activity

Deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1).

Subunit structure

Catalytic subunit of the telomerase holoenzyme complex at least composed of TERT, DKC1, WDR79/TCAB1, NOP10, NHP2, GAR1, TEP1, EST1A, POT1 and a telomerase RNA template component (TERC). Interacts with PINX1 and MCRS1. Ref.10

Subcellular location

Nucleus. Telomere.

Involvement in disease

Activation of telomerase has been implicated in cell immortalization and cancer cell pathogenesis.

Defects in TERT are associated with susceptibilty to aplastic anemia (AA) [MIM:609135]. AA is a rare disease in which the reduction of the circulating blood cells results from damage to the stem cell pool in bone marrow. In most patients, the stem cell lesion is caused by an autoimmune attack. T-lymphocytes, activated by an endogenous or exogenous, and most often unknown antigenic stimulus, secrete cytokines, including IFN-gamma, which would in turn be able to suppress hematopoiesis. Ref.14

Genetic variations in TERT are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Ref.16

Defects in TERT are a cause of dyskeratosis congenita autosomal dominant (ADDKC) [MIM:127550]; also known as dyskeratosis congenita Scoggins type. ADDKC is a rare, progressive bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by the triad of reticulated skin hyperpigmentation, nail dystrophy, and mucosal leukoplakia. Early mortality is often associated with bone marrow failure, infections, fatal pulmonary complications, or malignancy. Ref.15

Defects in TERT increases susceptibility to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [MIM:178500]. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is an adult-onset, lethal, scarring lung disease of unknown etiology. Its clinical features are shortness of breath, radiographically evident diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, and varying degrees in inflammation, fibrosis, or both on biopsy. It is rapidly progressive and characterized by sequential acute lung injury with subsequent scarring and endstage lung disease.

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the reverse transcriptase family. Telomerase subfamily.

Contains 1 reverse transcriptase domain.

Binary interactions

With

Entry

#Exp.

IntAct

Notes

RUVBL1Q9Y2652EBI-1772203,EBI-353675

Alternative products

This entry describes 3 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]
Isoform 1 (identifier: O14746-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.
Isoform 2 (identifier: O14746-2)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     764-807: STLTDLQPYM...LNEASSGLFD → LRPVPGDPAG...AGRAAPAFGG
     808-1132: Missing.
Note: Phosphorylated on Ser-797.
Isoform 3 (identifier: O14746-3)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     885-947: Missing.

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature keyPosition(s)LengthDescriptionGraphical viewFeature identifier

Molecule processing

Chain1 – 11321132Telomerase reverse transcriptase
PRO_0000054925

Regions

Domain605 – 935331Reverse transcriptase

Amino acid modifications

Modified residue11131Phosphothreonine Ref.11
Modified residue11251Phosphoserine Ref.11

Natural variations

Alternative sequence764 – 80744STLTD…SGLFD → LRPVPGDPAGLHPLHAALQP VLRRHGEQAVCGDSAGRAAP AFGG in isoform 2.
VSP_019587
Alternative sequence808 – 1132325Missing in isoform 2.
VSP_019588
Alternative sequence885 – 94763Missing in isoform 3.
VSP_021727
Natural variant2021A → T in AA susceptibility; severe and moderate.
VAR_036863
Natural variant2791A → T Ref.14
VAR_036864
Natural variant4121H → Y in AA susceptibility; severe and moderate. dbSNP rs34094720.
VAR_025149
Natural variant4411Missing Ref.14
VAR_036865
Natural variant6941V → M in AA susceptibility; moderate.
VAR_036866
Natural variant7721Y → C in AA susceptibility; moderate.
VAR_036867
Natural variant8651R → H in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis susceptibility. Ref.17
VAR_036868
Natural variant9021K → N in ADDKC. Ref.15
VAR_036869
Natural variant9481S → R: dbSNP rs34062885.
VAR_053726
Natural variant10621A → T Ref.14 Ref.7
VAR_025150
Natural variant10901V → M in AA susceptibility; severe.
VAR_036870

Experimental info

Mutagenesis7121D → A: Loss of telomerase activity. Ref.8
Mutagenesis868 – 8692DD → AA: Loss of telomerase activity. Ref.8
Mutagenesis8681D → A: Loss of telomerase activity. Ref.8
Mutagenesis8691D → A: Loss of telomerase activity. Ref.8
Sequence conflict5161D → G in AAC51724. Ref.2

Sequences

Sequence LengthMass (Da)Tools
Isoform 1 [UniParc].

Last modified January 1, 1998. Version 1.
Checksum: 94E35469C4CA33A0

FASTA1,132126,997
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MPRAPRCRAV RSLLRSHYRE VLPLATFVRR LGPQGWRLVQ RGDPAAFRAL VAQCLVCVPW 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
DARPPPAAPS FRQVSCLKEL VARVLQRLCE RGAKNVLAFG FALLDGARGG PPEAFTTSVR 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
SYLPNTVTDA LRGSGAWGLL LRRVGDDVLV HLLARCALFV LVAPSCAYQV CGPPLYQLGA 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
ATQARPPPHA SGPRRRLGCE RAWNHSVREA GVPLGLPAPG ARRRGGSASR SLPLPKRPRR 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
GAAPEPERTP VGQGSWAHPG RTRGPSDRGF CVVSPARPAE EATSLEGALS GTRHSHPSVG 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
RQHHAGPPST SRPPRPWDTP CPPVYAETKH FLYSSGDKEQ LRPSFLLSSL RPSLTGARRL 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
VETIFLGSRP WMPGTPRRLP RLPQRYWQMR PLFLELLGNH AQCPYGVLLK THCPLRAAVT 

       430        440        450        460        470        480 
PAAGVCAREK PQGSVAAPEE EDTDPRRLVQ LLRQHSSPWQ VYGFVRACLR RLVPPGLWGS 

       490        500        510        520        530        540 
RHNERRFLRN TKKFISLGKH AKLSLQELTW KMSVRDCAWL RRSPGVGCVP AAEHRLREEI 

       550        560        570        580        590        600 
LAKFLHWLMS VYVVELLRSF FYVTETTFQK NRLFFYRKSV WSKLQSIGIR QHLKRVQLRE 

       610        620        630        640        650        660 
LSEAEVRQHR EARPALLTSR LRFIPKPDGL RPIVNMDYVV GARTFRREKR AERLTSRVKA 

       670        680        690        700        710        720 
LFSVLNYERA RRPGLLGASV LGLDDIHRAW RTFVLRVRAQ DPPPELYFVK VDVTGAYDTI 

       730        740        750        760        770        780 
PQDRLTEVIA SIIKPQNTYC VRRYAVVQKA AHGHVRKAFK SHVSTLTDLQ PYMRQFVAHL 

       790        800        810        820        830        840 
QETSPLRDAV VIEQSSSLNE ASSGLFDVFL RFMCHHAVRI RGKSYVQCQG IPQGSILSTL 

       850        860        870        880        890        900 
LCSLCYGDME NKLFAGIRRD GLLLRLVDDF LLVTPHLTHA KTFLRTLVRG VPEYGCVVNL 

       910        920        930        940        950        960 
RKTVVNFPVE DEALGGTAFV QMPAHGLFPW CGLLLDTRTL EVQSDYSSYA RTSIRASLTF 

       970        980        990       1000       1010       1020 
NRGFKAGRNM RRKLFGVLRL KCHSLFLDLQ VNSLQTVCTN IYKILLLQAY RFHACVLQLP 

      1030       1040       1050       1060       1070       1080 
FHQQVWKNPT FFLRVISDTA SLCYSILKAK NAGMSLGAKG AAGPLPSEAV QWLCHQAFLL 

      1090       1100       1110       1120       1130 
KLTRHRVTYV PLLGSLRTAQ TQLSRKLPGT TLTALEAAAN PALPSDFKTI LD 

« Hide

Isoform 2.

Checksum: 199664460CE6D763
Show »

FASTA80790,226
Isoform 3.

Checksum: BE1E77A653B1C666
Show »

FASTA1,069120,048

References

« Hide 'large scale' references
[1]"Telomerase catalytic subunit homologs from fission yeast and human."
Nakamura T.M., Morin G.B., Chapman K.B., Weinrich S.L., Andrews W.H., Lingner J., Harley C.B., Cech T.R.
Science 277:955-959(1997) [PubMed: 9252327] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
Tissue: Kidney.
[2]"hEST2, the putative human telomerase catalytic subunit gene, is up-regulated in tumor cells and during immortalization."
Meyerson M., Counter C.M., Eaton E.N., Ellisen L.W., Steiner P., Caddle S.D., Ziaugra L., Beijersbergen R.L., Davidoff M.J., Liu Q., Bacchetti S., Haber D.A., Weinberg R.A.
Cell 90:785-795(1997) [PubMed: 9288757] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
[3]"Genomic organization and promoter characterization of the gene encoding the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)."
Wick M., Zubov D., Hagen G.
Gene 232:97-106(1999) [PubMed: 10333526] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[4]"Expression profile of a gamma-deletion variant of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene."
Hisatomi H., Ohyashiki K., Ohyashiki J.H., Nagao K., Kanamaru T., Hirata H., Hibi N., Tsukada Y.
Neoplasia 5:193-197(2003) [PubMed: 12869302] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 2).
Tissue: Stomach cancer.
[5]"Differential alternative splicing expressions of telomerase reverse transcriptase in gastrointestinal cell lines."
Nagao K., Katsumata K., Aizawa Y., Saito N., Hirata H., Sasaki H., Yamamoto S., Hikiji K., Koiwa T., Hisatomi H.
Oncol. Rep. 11:127-131(2004) [PubMed: 14654914] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 3).
[6]"Sequence of a BAC carrying the entire hTERT gene."
Londono-Vallejo J.A.
Submitted (OCT-2001) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[7]NIEHS SNPs program
Submitted (OCT-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], VARIANTS TYR-412 AND THR-1062.
[8]"Human telomerase contains evolutionarily conserved catalytic and structural subunits."
Harrington L., Zhou W., McPhail T., Oulton R., Yeung D.S., Mar V., Bass M.B., Robinson M.O.
Genes Dev. 11:3109-3115(1997) [PubMed: 9389643] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION IN TELOMERASE ACTIVITY, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, ASSOCIATION WITH TEP1, MUTAGENESIS OF ASP-712; ASP-868 AND ASP-869.
[9]"Polymerization defects within human telomerase are distinct from telomerase RNA and TEP1 binding."
Beattie T.L., Zhou W., Robinson M.O., Harrington L.
Mol. Biol. Cell 11:3329-3340(2000) [PubMed: 11029039] [Abstract]
Cited for: ASSOCIATION WITH TEP1.
[10]"Human MCRS2, a cell-cycle-dependent protein, associates with LPTS/PinX1 and reduces the telomere length."
Song H., Li Y., Chen G., Xing Z., Zhao J., Yokoyama K.K., Li T., Zhao M.
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 316:1116-1123(2004) [PubMed: 15044100] [Abstract]
Cited for: INTERACTION WITH MCRS1.
[11]"Quantitative phosphoproteome analysis using a dendrimer conjugation chemistry and tandem mass spectrometry."
Tao W.A., Wollscheid B., O'Brien R., Eng J.K., Li X.-J., Bodenmiller B., Watts J.D., Hood L., Aebersold R.
Nat. Methods 2:591-598(2005) [PubMed: 16094384] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT THR-1113 AND SER-1125, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
Tissue: T-cell.
[12]"Phosphoproteome analysis of the human mitotic spindle."
Nousiainen M., Sillje H.H.W., Sauer G., Nigg E.A., Koerner R.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103:5391-5396(2006) [PubMed: 16565220] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-797 (ISOFORM 2), MASS SPECTROMETRY.
Tissue: Epithelium.
[13]"A human telomerase holoenzyme protein required for Cajal body localization and telomere synthesis."
Venteicher A.S., Abreu E.B., Meng Z., McCann K.E., Terns R.M., Veenstra T.D., Terns M.P., Artandi S.E.
Science 323:644-648(2009) [PubMed: 19179534] [Abstract]
Cited for: IDENTIFICATION IN THE TELOMERASE HOLOENZYME COMPLEX.
[14]"Mutations in TERT, the gene for telomerase reverse transcriptase, in aplastic anemia."
Yamaguchi H., Calado R.T., Ly H., Kajigaya S., Baerlocher G.M., Chanock S.J., Lansdorp P.M., Young N.S.
N. Engl. J. Med. 352:1413-1424(2005) [PubMed: 15814878] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANTS AA SUSCEPTIBILITY THR-202; TYR-412; MET-694; CYS-772 AND MET-1090, VARIANTS THR-279; GLU-441 DEL AND THR-1062.
[15]"Haploinsufficiency of telomerase reverse transcriptase leads to anticipation in autosomal dominant dyskeratosis congenita."
Armanios M., Chen J.-L., Chang Y.-P.C., Brodsky R.A., Hawkins A., Griffin C.A., Eshleman J.R., Cohen A.R., Chakravarti A., Hamosh A., Greider C.W.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102:15960-15964(2005) [PubMed: 16247010] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANT ADDKC ASN-902.
[16]"Coronary artery disease and a functional polymorphism of hTERT."
Matsubara Y., Murata M., Watanabe K., Saito I., Miyaki K., Omae K., Ishikawa M., Matsushita K., Iwanaga S., Ogawa S., Ikeda Y.
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 348:669-672(2006) [PubMed: 16890917] [Abstract]
Cited for: INVOLVEMENT IN CAD SUSCEPTIBILITY.
[17]"Adult-onset pulmonary fibrosis caused by mutations in telomerase."
Tsakiri K.D., Cronkhite J.T., Kuan P.J., Xing C., Raghu G., Weissler J.C., Rosenblatt R.L., Shay J.W., Garcia C.K.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:7552-7557(2007) [PubMed: 17460043] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANT IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS SUSCEPTIBILITY HIS-865.
+Additional computationally mapped references.

Web resources

Cross-references

Sequence databases

AF015950 mRNA. Translation: AAC51672.1.
AF018167 mRNA. Translation: AAC51724.1.
AF128894, AF128893 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAD30037.1.
AB085628 mRNA. Translation: BAC11010.1.
AB086379 mRNA. Translation: BAC11014.1.
AY007685 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAG23289.1.
DQ264729 Genomic DNA. Translation: ABB72674.1.
IPIIPI00168908.
IPI00298218.
IPI00384469.
PIRT03844.
RefSeqNP_937983.2.
NP_937986.1.
UniGeneHs.492203

3D structure databases

EntryMethodResolution (Å)ChainPositionsPDBsum
2BCKX-ray2.80C/F461-469[»]
ModBaseSearch...

Protein-protein interaction databases

IntActO14746. 5 interactions.

PTM databases

PhosphoSiteO14746.

Proteomic databases

PRIDEO14746.

Genome annotation databases

EnsemblENSG00000164362. Homo sapiens. [Contig view]
GeneID7015.
KEGGhsa:7015.

Organism-specific databases

GeneCardsGC05M001306.
H-InvDBHIX0031945.
HGNCHGNC:11730. TERT.
MIM127550. phenotype.
178500. phenotype.
187270. gene+phenotype.
609135. phenotype.
Orphanet88. Aplastic anemia.
1775. Dyskeratosis congenita.
2032. Pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic.
3088. Retinopathy - anemia- central nervous system anomalies.
PharmGKBPA36447.
GenAtlasSearch...

Phylogenomic databases

HOVERGENO14746.
OMAO14746. NHARCPY.

Enzyme and pathway databases

BRENDA2.7.7.49. 247.
Pathway_Interaction_DBhif1_tfpathway. HIF-1-alpha transcription factor network.
il2_pi3kpathway. IL2 signaling events mediated by PI3K.
telomerasepathway. Regulation of Telomerase.
ReactomeREACT_7970. Telomere Maintenance.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpressO14746.
BgeeO14746.
CleanExHS_TERT.
GermOnlineENSG00000164362. Homo sapiens.

Family and domain databases

InterProIPR000477. DNA_pol_RVTase.
IPR003545. Telomerase_RT.
[Graphical view]
PRINTSPR01365. TELOMERASERT.
PROSITEPS50878. RT_POL. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
ProtoNetSearch...

Other Resources

NextBio27405.
SOURCESearch...

Entry information

Entry nameTERT_HUMAN
AccessionPrimary (citable) accession number: O14746
Secondary accession number(s): O14783 expand/collapse secondary AC list , Q2XS35, Q8N6C3, Q8NG46
Entry history
Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: May 30, 2000
Last sequence update: January 1, 1998
Last modified: June 16, 2009
This is version 80 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]
Entry statusReviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation projectHPI (Human Proteome Initiative)

Relevant documents

Human chromosome 5

Human chromosome 5: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM

Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations

List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations

Human polymorphisms and disease mutations

Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations

MIM cross-references

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

PDB cross-references

Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references

SIMILARITY comments

Index of protein domains and families

Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Binary interactions · Alternative products · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Web resources · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents