O14556 (G3PT_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, testis-specific
EC=1.2.1.12

Alternative name(s):
Spermatogenic cell-specific glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2
Short name=GAPDH-2
Spermatogenic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Gene names

Name:	GAPDHS
Synonyms:	GAPD2, GAPDH2, GAPDS
ORF Names:	HSD-35, HSD35

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	408 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	May play an important role in regulating the switch between different pathways for energy production during spermiogenesis and in the spermatozoon. Required for sperm motility and male fertility By similarity.
Catalytic activity	D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NADH.
Pathway	Carbohydrate degradation; glycolysis; pyruvate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate: step 1/5.
Subunit structure	Homotetramer. Interacts with ARRB2; the interaction is detected in the nucleus upon OR1D2 stimulation. Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.9
Subcellular location	Cytoplasm By similarity.
Tissue specificity	Testis specific.
Domain	The testis-specific N-terminal extension mediates tight association with the cytoskeletal fibrous sheath of the spermatozoa flagellum, possibly via interchain disulfide-bonding of Cys-21 with sheath components (Ref.8). Ref.8
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Glycolysis
Cellular component	Cytoplasm
Coding sequence diversity	Polymorphism
Ligand	NAD
Molecular function	Oxidoreductase
PTM	Phosphoprotein
Technical term	3D-structure Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	gluconeogenesis Traceable author statement. Source: Reactome glycolysis Traceable author statement. Source: Reactome positive regulation of glycolysis Traceable author statement Ref.2. Source: UniProtKB small molecule metabolic process Traceable author statement. Source: Reactome sperm motility Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB spermatid development Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara
Cellular_component	cytosol Traceable author statement. Source: Reactome
Molecular_function	NAD binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro NADP binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity Traceable author statement Ref.2. Source: UniProtKB
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature key

Position(s)

Length

Description

Graphical view

Feature identifier

Molecule processing

Chain

1 – 408

408

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, testis-specific

PRO_0000145502

Regions

Nucleotide binding

85 – 86

2

NAD

Region

1 – 73

73

Testis-specific N-terminal extension

Region

223 – 225

3

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate binding By similarity

Region

283 – 284

2

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate binding By similarity

Sites

Active site

224

1

Nucleophile Ref.9

Binding site

106

1

NAD

Binding site

151

1

NAD; via carbonyl oxygen

Binding site

173

1

NAD

Binding site

193

1

NAD

Binding site

254

1

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate By similarity

Binding site

306

1

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate By similarity

Binding site

388

1

NAD

Site

251

1

Activates thiol group during catalysis

Amino acid modifications

Modified residue

318

1

Phosphothreonine By similarity

Natural variations

Natural variant

110

1

D → N.
Corresponds to variant rs2285514 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].

VAR_049219

Experimental info

Sequence conflict

220

1

S → SVRAHLGCFS in AAB64181. Ref.5

Sequence conflict

273

1

G → V in AAQ75383. Ref.3

Sequence conflict

343

1

A → R in AAF87970. Ref.2

Secondary structure

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408

Helix Strand Turn

Details...

Beta strand

77 – 81

5

Helix

85 – 96

12

Beta strand

100 – 105

6

Helix

111 – 119

9

Turn

122 – 124

3

Beta strand

131 – 134

4

Beta strand

137 – 140

4

Beta strand

143 – 148

6

Helix

153 – 155

3

Helix

158 – 161

4

Beta strand

165 – 168

4

Beta strand

170 – 172

3

Helix

176 – 184

9

Beta strand

188 – 194

7

Beta strand

197 – 199

3

Turn

204 – 206

3

Helix

208 – 210

3

Turn

213 – 215

3

Beta strand

217 – 220

4

Helix

224 – 240

17

Beta strand

242 – 252

11

Beta strand

257 – 261

5

Helix

268 – 271

4

Turn

274 – 276

3

Beta strand

279 – 281

3

Helix

285 – 292

8

Helix

294 – 296

3

Turn

297 – 299

3

Beta strand

300 – 308

9

Beta strand

313 – 323

11

Helix

327 – 339

13

Turn

340 – 345

6

Beta strand

346 – 349

4

Helix

355 – 358

4

Beta strand

364 – 368

5

Turn

369 – 371

3

Beta strand

373 – 376

4

Beta strand

379 – 386

8

Helix

390 – 407

18

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	O14556 [UniParc]. Last modified May 30, 2000. Version 2. Checksum: 301F71C768CD95D8	FASTA	408	44,501
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MSKRDIVLTN VTVVQLLRQP CPVTRAPPPP EPKAEVEPQP QPEPTPVREE IKPPPPPLPP 70 80 90 100 110 120 HPATPPPKMV SVARELTVGI NGFGRIGRLV LRACMEKGVK VVAVNDPFID PEYMVYMFKY 130 140 150 160 170 180 DSTHGRYKGS VEFRNGQLVV DNHEISVYQC KEPKQIPWRA VGSPYVVEST GVYLSIQAAS 190 200 210 220 230 240 DHISAGAQRV VISAPSPDAP MFVMGVNEND YNPGSMNIVS NASCTTNCLA PLAKVIHERF 250 260 270 280 290 300 GIVEGLMTTV HSYTATQKTV DGPSRKAWRD GRGAHQNIIP ASTGAAKAVT KVIPELKGKL 310 320 330 340 350 360 TGMAFRVPTP DVSVVDLTCR LAQPAPYSAI KEAVKAAAKG PMAGILAYTE DEVVSTDFLG 370 380 390 400 DTHSSIFDAK AGIALNDNFV KLISWYDNEY GYSHRVVDLL RYMFSRDK

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Nucleotide sequence of human testis-specific glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH-2) cDNA." McLaughlin E.A., Hall L. Submitted (APR-1998) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Testis.
[2]	"Human glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase-2 gene is expressed specifically in spermatogenic cells." Welch J.E., Brown P.L., O'Brien D.A., Magyar P.L., Bunch D.O., Mori C., Eddy E.M. J. Androl. 21:328-338(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[3]	"A new spermatogenesis-related gene." Zhao H., Miao S.Y., Zhang X.D., Liang G., Qiao Y., Wang L.F. Submitted (MAY-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Testis.
[4]	"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. , Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., Isogai T., Sugano S. Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Testis.
[5]	"The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19." Grimwood J., Gordon L.A., Olsen A.S., Terry A., Schmutz J., Lamerdin J.E., Hellsten U., Goodstein D., Couronne O., Tran-Gyamfi M., Aerts A., Altherr M., Ashworth L., Bajorek E., Black S., Branscomb E., Caenepeel S., Carrano A.V. , Caoile C., Chan Y.M., Christensen M., Cleland C.A., Copeland A., Dalin E., Dehal P., Denys M., Detter J.C., Escobar J., Flowers D., Fotopulos D., Garcia C., Georgescu A.M., Glavina T., Gomez M., Gonzales E., Groza M., Hammon N., Hawkins T., Haydu L., Ho I., Huang W., Israni S., Jett J., Kadner K., Kimball H., Kobayashi A., Larionov V., Leem S.-H., Lopez F., Lou Y., Lowry S., Malfatti S., Martinez D., McCready P.M., Medina C., Morgan J., Nelson K., Nolan M., Ovcharenko I., Pitluck S., Pollard M., Popkie A.P., Predki P., Quan G., Ramirez L., Rash S., Retterer J., Rodriguez A., Rogers S., Salamov A., Salazar A., She X., Smith D., Slezak T., Solovyev V., Thayer N., Tice H., Tsai M., Ustaszewska A., Vo N., Wagner M., Wheeler J., Wu K., Xie G., Yang J., Dubchak I., Furey T.S., DeJong P., Dickson M., Gordon D., Eichler E.E., Pennacchio L.A., Richardson P., Stubbs L., Rokhsar D.S., Myers R.M., Rubin E.M., Lucas S.M. Nature 428:529-535(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[6]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Testis.
[7]	"Novel function of beta-arrestin2 in the nucleus of mature spermatozoa." Neuhaus E.M., Mashukova A., Barbour J., Wolters D., Hatt H. J. Cell Sci. 119:3047-3056(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH ARRB2.
[8]	"Investigation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from human sperms." Shchutskaya Y.Y., Elkina Y.L., Kuravsky M.L., Bragina E.E., Schmalhausen E.V. Biokhimiia 73:185-191(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: DOMAIN N-TERMINAL EXTENSION, SUBUNIT.
[9]	"Structure and kinetic characterization of human sperm-specific glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GAPDS." Chaikuad A., Shafqat N., Al-Mokhtar R., Cameron G., Clarke A.R., Brady R.L., Oppermann U., Frayne J., Yue W.W. Biochem. J. 435:401-409(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.72 ANGSTROMS) OF 69-407 IN COMPLEX WITH NAD AND GLYCEROL, ACTIVE SITE, SUBUNIT.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases

EMBL
GenBank
DDBJ

AJ005371 mRNA. Translation: CAA06501.1.
AF216641 , AF216631, AF216632, AF216633, AF216634, AF216635, AF216636, AF216637, AF216638, AF216639, AF216640 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAF87970.1.
AY306129 mRNA. Translation: AAQ75383.1.
AK314980 mRNA. Translation: BAG37479.1.
AC002389 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAB64181.1.
BC036373 mRNA. Translation: AAH36373.1.

IPI

IPI00022430.

RefSeq

NP_055179.1. NM_014364.4.

UniGene

Hs.248017.

3D structure databases

PDBe
RCSB PDB
PDBj

Entry	Method	Resolution (Å)	Chain	Positions	PDBsum
3H9E	X-ray	1.72	O/P	69-407	[»]
3PFW	X-ray	2.15	O/P	69-407	[»]

ProteinModelPortal

O14556.

SMR

O14556. Positions 74-407.

ModBase

Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

IntAct

O14556. 2 interactions.

STRING

9606.ENSP00000222286.

PTM databases

PhosphoSite

O14556.

Proteomic databases

PaxDb

O14556.

PeptideAtlas

O14556.

PRIDE

O14556.

Protocols and materials databases

DNASU

26330.

StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase

Search...

Genome annotation databases

Ensembl

ENST00000222286; ENSP00000222286; ENSG00000105679.

GeneID

26330.

KEGG

hsa:26330.

UCSC

uc002oaf.1. human.

Organism-specific databases

CTD

26330.

GeneCards

GC19P036024.

HGNC

HGNC:24864. GAPDHS.

MIM

609169. gene.

neXtProt

NX_O14556.

PharmGKB

PA134934259.

GenAtlas

Search...

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOG

COG0057.

HOGENOM

HOG000071678.

HOVERGEN

HBG000227.

InParanoid

O14556.

KO

K10705.

OMA

QDFIGEV.

OrthoDB

EOG4Q84XS.

PhylomeDB

O14556.

Enzyme and pathway databases

Reactome

REACT_111217. Metabolism.

UniPathway

UPA00109; UER00184.

Gene expression databases

Bgee

O14556.

CleanEx

HS_GAPDHS.

Genevestigator

O14556.

GermOnline

ENSG00000105679. Homo sapiens.

Family and domain databases

Gene3D

3.40.50.720. 1 hit.

InterPro

IPR020831. GlycerAld/Erythrose_P_DH.
IPR020830. GlycerAld_3-P_DH_AS.
IPR020829. GlycerAld_3-P_DH_cat.
IPR020828. GlycerAld_3-P_DH_NAD(P)-bd.
IPR006424. Glyceraldehyde-3-P_DH_1.
IPR016040. NAD(P)-bd_dom.
[Graphical view]

PANTHER

PTHR10836. PTHR10836. 1 hit.

Pfam

PF02800. Gp_dh_C. 1 hit.
PF00044. Gp_dh_N. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

PIRSF

PIRSF000149. GAP_DH. 1 hit.

PRINTS

PR00078. G3PDHDRGNASE.

SMART

SM00846. Gp_dh_N. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

TIGRFAMs

TIGR01534. GAPDH-I. 1 hit.

PROSITE

PS00071. GAPDH. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

ProtoNet

Search...

Other

DrugBank

DB00157. NADH.

EvolutionaryTrace

O14556.

GenomeRNAi

26330.

NextBio

48663.

SOURCE

Search...

Entry information

Entry name

G3PT_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: O14556
Secondary accession number(s): B2RC82 , O60823, Q6JTT9, Q9HCU6

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	May 30, 2000
Last sequence update:	May 30, 2000
Last modified:	April 3, 2013
This is version 119 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.