Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot O14521 (DHSD_HUMAN)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial
      Short name=CybS
Alternative name(s):
    Succinate-ubiquinone reductase membrane anchor subunit
    QPs3
    CII-4
    Succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit D
    Succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase cytochrome b small subunit

Gene names

Name:	SDHD
Synonyms:	SDH4

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Complete proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	159 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Membrane-anchoring subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) By similarity.
Pathway	Carbohydrate metabolism; tricarboxylic acid cycle.
Subunit structure	Component of complex II composed of four subunits: the flavoprotein (FP) SDHA, iron-sulfur protein (IP) SDHB, and a cytochrome b560 composed of SDHC and SDHD.
Subcellular location	Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
Involvement in disease	Defects in SDHD are a cause of hereditary paragangliomas type 1 (PGL1) [MIM:168000]; also known as familial non-chromaffin paragangliomas type 1. Paragangliomas refer to rare and mostly benign tumors that arise from any component of the neuroendocrine system. PGL1 is a rare autosomal dominant disorder which is characterized by the development of mostly benign, highly vascular, slowly growing tumors in the head and neck. In the head and neck region, the carotid body is the largest of all paraganglia and is also the most common site of the tumors. Penetrance of PLG1 is incomplete when the disease is transmitted through fathers. No disease phenotype is transmitted maternally. Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.14 Ref.24 Defects in SDHD are a cause of pheochromocytoma [MIM:171300]. The pheochromocytomas are catecholamine-producing, chromaffin tumors that arise in the adrenal medulla in 90% of cases. In the remaining 10% of cases, they develop in extra-adrenal sympathetic ganglia and may be referred to as 'paraganglioma'. Pheochromocytoma usually presents with hypertension. Approximately 10% of pheochromocytoma is hereditary. Although pheochromocytoma susceptibility may be associated with germline mutations in the tumor-suppressor genes VHL and NF1 and in the proto-oncogene RET, the genetic basis for most cases of non-syndromic familial pheochromocytoma is unknown. Ref.24 Ref.10 Ref.18 Ref.20 Defects in SDHD are involved in intestinal carcinoid tumor [MIM:114900]. A carcinoid tumor is a yellow circumscribed tumor arising from enterochromaffin cells, in the small intestine. Ref.24 Defects in SDHD are a cause of paraganglioma and gastric stromal sarcoma [MIM:606864]; also called Carney-Stratakis syndrome. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors may be sporadic or inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, alone or as a component of a syndrome associated with other tumors, such as in the context of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Patients have both gastrointestinal stromal tumors and paragangliomas. Susceptibility to the tumors was inherited in an apparently autosomal dominant manner, with incomplete penetrance. Ref.24 Defects in SDHD are a cause of Cowden-like syndrome [MIM:612359]. Cowden-like syndrome is a cancer predisposition syndrome associated with elevated risk for tumors of the breast, thyroid, kidney and uterus. Ref.24
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the CybS family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Electron transport Transport Tricarboxylic acid cycle
Cellular component	Membrane Mitochondrion Mitochondrion inner membrane
Coding sequence diversity	Polymorphism
Disease	Disease mutation
Domain	Transit peptide Transmembrane
Ligand	Heme Iron Metal-binding
Technical term	Complete proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	electron transport chain Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW transport Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW tricarboxylic acid cycle Ref.1 Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB
Cellular component	integral to membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell mitochondrial inner membrane Ref.1 Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB
Molecular function	electron carrier activity Ref.1 Traceable author statement. Source: UniProtKB heme binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro succinate dehydrogenase activity Ref.1 Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Transit peptide	1 – 56	56	Mitochondrion Potential
	Chain	57 – 159	103	Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial		PRO_0000006487
Regions
	Topological domain	57 – 63	7	Mitochondrial matrix By similarity
	Transmembrane	64 – 85	22	By similarity
	Topological domain	86 – 90	5	Mitochondrial intermembrane By similarity
	Transmembrane	91 – 111	21	By similarity
	Topological domain	112 – 120	9	Mitochondrial matrix By similarity
	Transmembrane	121 – 142	22	By similarity
	Topological domain	143 – 159	17	Mitochondrial intermembrane By similarity
Sites
	Metal binding	102	1	Iron (heme axial ligand); shared with SDHC By similarity
	Binding site	114	1	Ubiquinone; shared with IP/SDHB By similarity
Natural variations
	Natural variant	12	1	G → S Polymorphism that may increase susceptibility for developing pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, intestinal carcinoid tumor and breast, renal and uterus carcinoma; associated with features of Cowden-like syndrome; associated with increased manganese superoxide dismutase expression; associated with increased reactive oxygen species; associated with 1.9-fold increase in both AKT and MAPK expression. dbSNP rs34677591. Ref.24 Ref.15 Ref.16 Ref.17 Ref.19 Ref.22 Ref.25		VAR_017870
	Natural variant	50	1	H → R Polymorphism that may increase susceptibility for developing paraganglioma, breast and tyroid carcinoma; may be involved in somatic Merkel cell carcinoma; associated with features of Cowden-like syndrome; associated with increased manganese superoxide dismutase expression; associated with increased reactive oxygen species; associated with a 2.0-fold increase in AKT expression and a 1.7-fold increase in MAPK expression. dbSNP rs11214077. Ref.24 Ref.16 Ref.17 Ref.19		VAR_017871
	Natural variant	81	1	P → L in PGL1 and pheochromocytoma. Ref.11 Ref.10 Ref.20		VAR_010038
	Natural variant	92	1	D → Y in PGL1 and pheochromocytoma. Ref.11 Ref.14 Ref.18 Ref.20		VAR_010039
	Natural variant	93	1	Missing in PGL1.		VAR_018519
	Natural variant	102	1	H → L in PGL1. Ref.11		VAR_010040
	Natural variant	114	1	Y → C in PGL1. Ref.12 Ref.20		VAR_017872
	Natural variant	139	1	L → P in PGL1. Ref.14		VAR_017873
	Natural variant	145	1	H → N Found in an individual with features of Cowden-like syndrome; associated with increased manganese superoxide dismutase expression; asociated with normal reactive oxygen species; associated with no change in AKT expression but a 1.2-fold increase of MAPK expression. Ref.24		VAR_054384
	Natural variant	148	1	G → V in PLG1. Ref.20		VAR_054385
Experimental info
	Sequence conflict	74	1	V → F in AAH70307. Ref.8

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	O14521-1 [UniParc]. Last modified January 1, 1998. Version 1. Checksum: 6B1AA94831C8C3B6	FASTA	159	17,043
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MAVLWRLSAV CGALGGRALL LRTPVVRPAH ISAFLQDRPI PEWCGVQHIH LSPSHHSGSK 70 80 90 100 110 120 AASLHWTSER VVSVLLLGLL PAAYLNPCSA MDYSLAAALT LHGHWGLGQV VTDYVHGDAL 130 140 150 QKAAKAGLLA LSALTFAGLC YFNYHDVGIC KAVAMLWKL

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Cytochrome b in human complex II (succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase): cDNA cloning of the components in liver mitochondria and chromosome assignment of the genes for the large (SDHC) and small (SDHD) subunits to 1q21 and 11q23." Hirawake H., Taniwaki M., Tamura A., Kojima S., Kita K. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 79:132-138(1997) [PubMed: 9533030] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Liver.
[2]	"Characterization of the human SDHD gene encoding the small subunit of cytochrome b (cybS) in mitochondrial succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase." Hirawake H., Taniwaki M., Tamura A., Amino H., Tomitsuka E., Kita K. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1412:295-300(1999) [PubMed: 10482792] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[3]	"Signal sequence and keyword trap in silico for selection of full-length human cDNAs encoding secretion or membrane proteins from oligo-capped cDNA libraries." Otsuki T., Ota T., Nishikawa T., Hayashi K., Suzuki Y., Yamamoto J., Wakamatsu A., Kimura K., Sakamoto K., Hatano N., Kawai Y., Ishii S., Saito K., Kojima S., Sugiyama T., Ono T., Okano K., Yoshikawa Y. , Aotsuka S., Sasaki N., Hattori A., Okumura K., Nagai K., Sugano S., Isogai T. DNA Res. 12:117-126(2005) [PubMed: 16303743] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
[4]	"Cloning of human full-length CDSs in BD Creator(TM) system donor vector." Kalnine N., Chen X., Rolfs A., Halleck A., Hines L., Eisenstein S., Koundinya M., Raphael J., Moreira D., Kelley T., LaBaer J., Lin Y., Phelan M., Farmer A. Submitted (MAY-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
[5]	"Cloning of human full open reading frames in Gateway(TM) system entry vector (pDONR201)." Ebert L., Schick M., Neubert P., Schatten R., Henze S., Korn B. Submitted (JUN-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
[6]	"Human chromosome 11 DNA sequence and analysis including novel gene identification." Taylor T.D., Noguchi H., Totoki Y., Toyoda A., Kuroki Y., Dewar K., Lloyd C., Itoh T., Takeda T., Kim D.-W., She X., Barlow K.F., Bloom T., Bruford E., Chang J.L., Cuomo C.A., Eichler E., FitzGerald M.G. , Jaffe D.B., LaButti K., Nicol R., Park H.-S., Seaman C., Sougnez C., Yang X., Zimmer A.R., Zody M.C., Birren B.W., Nusbaum C., Fujiyama A., Hattori M., Rogers J., Lander E.S., Sakaki Y. Nature 440:497-500(2006) [PubMed: 16554811] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[7]	Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. , Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C. Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[8]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Bone marrow, Brain, Lung and Skeletal muscle.
[9]	Colinge J., Superti-Furga G., Bennett K.L. Submitted (OCT-2008) to UniProtKB Cited for: IDENTIFICATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS], MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[10]	"Somatic and occult germ-line mutations in SDHD, a mitochondrial complex II gene, in nonfamilial pheochromocytoma." Gimm O., Armanios M., Dziema H., Neumann H.P.H., Eng C. Cancer Res. 60:6822-6825(2000) [PubMed: 11156372] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA LEU-81.
[11]	"Mutations in SDHD, a mitochondrial complex II gene, in hereditary paraganglioma." Baysal B.E., Ferrell R.E., Willett-Brozick J.E., Lawrence E.C., Myssiorek D., Bosch A., van der Mey A., Taschner P.E.M., Rubinstein W.S., Myers E.N., Richard C.W. III, Cornelisse C.J., Devilee P., Devlin B. Science 287:848-851(2000) [PubMed: 10657297] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS PGL1 LEU-81; TYR-92 AND LEU-102.
[12]	"Novel mutations and the emergence of a common mutation in the SDHD gene causing familial paraganglioma." Milunsky J.M., Maher T.A., Michels V.V., Milunsky A. Am. J. Med. Genet. 100:311-314(2001) [PubMed: 11343322] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT PGL1 CYS-114.
[13]	"Novel mutations in the SDHD gene in pedigrees with familial carotid body paraganglioma and sensorineural hearing loss." Badenhop R.F., Cherian S., Lord R.S.A., Baysal B.E., Taschner P.E.M., Schofield P.R. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 31:255-263(2001) [PubMed: 11391796] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT PGL1 TYR-93 DEL.
[14]	"Nearly all hereditary paragangliomas in the Netherlands are caused by two founder mutations in the SDHD gene." Taschner P.E.M., Jansen J.C., Baysal B.E., Bosch A., Rosenberg E.H., Broecker-Vriends A.H.J.T., van Der Mey A.G.L., van Ommen G.-J.B., Cornelisse C.J., Devilee P. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 31:274-281(2001) [PubMed: 11391798] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS PGL1 TYR-92 AND PRO-139.
[15]	"Germline SDHD mutation in paraganglioma of the spinal cord." Masuoka J., Brandner S., Paulus W., Soffer D., Vital A., Chimelli L., Jouvet A., Yonekawa Y., Kleihues P., Ohgaki H. Oncogene 20:5084-5086(2001) [PubMed: 11526495] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT SER-12.
[16]	"Alterations of the SDHD gene locus in midgut carcinoids, Merkel cell carcinomas, pheochromocytomas, and abdominal paragangliomas." Kytoelae S., Nord B., Elder E.E., Carling T., Kjellman M., Cedermark B., Juhlin C., Hoeoeg A., Isola J., Larsson C. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 34:325-332(2002) [PubMed: 12007193] [Abstract] Cited for: INVOLVEMENT IN INTESTINAL CARCINOID TUMOR, VARIANTS SER-12 AND ARG-50.
[17]	"Mutations in the SDHB gene are associated with extra-adrenal and/or malignant phaeochromocytomas." Gimenez-Roqueplo A.-P., Favier J., Rustin P., Rieubland C., Crespin M., Nau V., Khau Van Kien P., Corvol P., Plouin P.-F., Jeunemaitre X. Cancer Res. 63:5615-5621(2003) [PubMed: 14500403] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS SER-12 AND ARG-50.
[18]	"Germ-line mutations in nonsyndromic pheochromocytoma." The Freiburg-Warsaw-Columbus pheochromocytoma study group Neumann H.P.H., Bausch B., McWhinney S.R., Bender B.U., Gimm O., Franke G., Schipper J., Klisch J., Altehoefer C., Zerres K., Januszewicz A., Smith W.M., Munk R., Manz T., Glaesker S., Apel T.W., Treier M., Reineke M. , Walz M.K., Hoang-Vu C., Brauckhoff M., Klein-Franke A., Klose P., Schmidt H., Maier-Woelfle M., Peczkowska M., Szmigielski C., Eng C. N. Engl. J. Med. 346:1459-1466(2002) [PubMed: 12000816] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA TYR-92.
[19]	"G12S and H50R variations are polymorphisms in the SDHD gene." Cascon A., Ruiz-Llorente S., Cebrian A., Leton R., Telleria D., Benitez J., Robledo M. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 37:220-221(2003) [PubMed: 12696072] [Abstract] Cited for: DISCUSSION OF PATHOGENIC ROLE OF VARIANTS SER-12 AND ARG-50.
[20]	"Distinct clinical features of paraganglioma syndromes associated with SDHB and SDHD gene mutations." Neumann H.P.H., Pawlu C., Peczkowska M., Bausch B., McWhinney S.R., Muresan M., Buchta M., Franke G., Klisch J., Bley T.A., Hoegerle S., Boedeker C.C., Opocher G., Schipper J., Januszewicz A., Eng C. JAMA 292:943-951(2004) [PubMed: 15328326] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS PLG1 LEU-81; CYS-114 AND VAL-148, VARIANT PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA TYR-92.
[21]	Erratum Neumann H.P.H., Pawlu C., Peczkowska M., Bausch B., McWhinney S.R., Muresan M., Buchta M., Franke G., Klisch J., Bley T.A., Hoegerle S., Boedeker C.C., Opocher G., Schipper J., Januszewicz A., Eng C. JAMA 292:1686-1686(2004)
[22]	"SDHD mutation analysis in seven German patients with sporadic carotid body paraganglioma: one novel mutation, no Dutch founder mutation and further evidence that G12S is a polymorphism." Leube B., Huber R., Goecke T.O., Sandmann W., Royer-Pokora B. Clin. Genet. 65:61-63(2004) [PubMed: 15032977] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT SER-12.
[23]	"Familial gastrointestinal stromal tumors and germ-line mutations." McWhinney S.R., Pasini B., Stratakis C.A. N. Engl. J. Med. 357:1054-1056(2007) [PubMed: 17804857] [Abstract] Cited for: INVOLVEMENT IN PARAGANGLIOMA AND GASTRIC STROMAL SARCOMA.
[24]	"Germline mutations and variants in the succinate dehydrogenase genes in Cowden and Cowden-like syndromes." Ni Y., Zbuk K.M., Sadler T., Patocs A., Lobo G., Edelman E., Platzer P., Orloff M.S., Waite K.A., Eng C. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 83:261-268(2008) [PubMed: 18678321] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS SER-12; ARG-50 AND ASN-145, CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS SER-12; ARG-50 AND ASN-145, INVOLVEMENT IN COWDEN-LIKE DISEASE.
[25]	"DNA sequencing of a cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukaemia genome." Ley T.J., Mardis E.R., Ding L., Fulton B., McLellan M.D., Chen K., Dooling D., Dunford-Shore B.H., McGrath S., Hickenbotham M., Cook L., Abbott R., Larson D.E., Koboldt D.C., Pohl C., Smith S., Hawkins A., Abbott S. , Locke D., Hillier L.W., Miner T., Fulton L., Magrini V., Wylie T., Glasscock J., Conyers J., Sander N., Shi X., Osborne J.R., Minx P., Gordon D., Chinwalla A., Zhao Y., Ries R.E., Payton J.E., Westervelt P., Tomasson M.H., Watson M., Baty J., Ivanovich J., Heath S., Shannon W.D., Nagarajan R., Walter M.J., Link D.C., Graubert T.A., DiPersio J.F., Wilson R.K. Nature 456:66-72(2008) [PubMed: 18987736] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] SER-12.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Web resources

Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

GeneReviews

Wikipedia

SDHD entry

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	AB006202 mRNA. Translation: BAA22054.1. AB026906 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAA81889.1. AK075360 mRNA. Translation: BAG52120.1. BT007238 mRNA. Translation: AAP35902.1. CR456932 mRNA. Translation: CAG33213.1. AP002007 Genomic DNA. No translation available. CH471065 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW67181.1. BC005263 mRNA. Translation: AAH05263.1. BC009574 mRNA. Translation: AAH09574.1. BC012603 mRNA. Translation: AAH12603.1. BC015188 mRNA. Translation: AAH15188.1. BC015992 mRNA. Translation: AAH15992.1. BC022350 mRNA. Translation: AAH22350.1. BC070307 mRNA. Translation: AAH70307.1. BC071755 mRNA. Translation: AAH71755.1. BC071756 mRNA. Translation: AAH71756.1.
IPI	IPI00297325.
RefSeq	NP_002993.1.
UniGene	Hs.356270
3D structure databases
SMR	O14521. Positions 59-159.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRING	O14521.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	O14521.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000375549; ENSP00000364699; ENSG00000204370; Homo sapiens. [Genome view]
GeneID	6392.
KEGG	hsa:6392.
UCSC	uc001pmz.1. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	6392.
GeneCards	GC11P111462. GC11P111463.
H-InvDB	HIX0010122. HIX0029526. HIX0057022.
HGNC	HGNC:10683. SDHD.
MIM	114900. phenotype. 168000. phenotype. 171300. phenotype. 602690. gene. 606864. phenotype. 612359. phenotype.
Orphanet	97286. Carney-Stratakis syndrome. 201. Cowden syndrome. 877. Endocrine tumor. 29072. Hereditary pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma syndrome.
PharmGKB	PA35608.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	prNOG04089.
HOGENOM	HBG714119.
HOVERGEN	O14521.
InParanoid	O14521.
OMA	HWGLGQV.
OrthoDB	EOG9R52N6.
Enzyme and pathway databases
BioCyc	MetaCyc:ENSG00000150781-MONOMER.
Reactome	REACT_1046. Pyruvate metabolism and TCA cycle. REACT_1505. Integration of energy metabolism. REACT_15380. Diabetes pathways.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	O14521.
Bgee	O14521.
CleanEx	HS_SDHD.
Genevestigator	O14521.
GermOnline	ENSG00000204370. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR007992. Cyt_b_succ_DH_CybS. [Graphical view]
PANTHER	PTHR13337. CybS. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF05328. CybS. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other Resources
DrugBank	DB00139. Succinic acid.
NextBio	24838.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

DHSD_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: O14521
Secondary accession number(s): A6ND90 , B3KQQ8, Q53XW5, Q6IRW2

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	December 15, 1998
Last sequence update:	January 1, 1998
Last modified:	January 19, 2010
This is version 110 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HPI (Human Proteome Initiative)

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.