Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot O00767 (ACOD_HUMAN)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Acyl-CoA desaturase
    EC=1.14.19.1
Alternative name(s):
    Stearoyl-CoA desaturase
    Fatty acid desaturase
    Delta(9)-desaturase

Gene names

Name:

SCD

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human)

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	359 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Terminal component of the liver microsomal stearyl-CoA desaturase system, that utilizes O2 and electrons from reduced cytochrome b5 to catalyze the insertion of a double bond into a spectrum of fatty acyl-CoA substrates including palmitoyl-CoA and stearoyl-CoA.
Catalytic activity	Stearoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ = oleoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O.
Cofactor	Iron.
Subcellular location	Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Probable.
Domain	The histidine box domains may contain the active site and/or be involved in metal ion binding.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Fatty acid biosynthesis Lipid synthesis
Cellular component	Endoplasmic reticulum Membrane
Coding sequence diversity	Polymorphism
Domain	Transmembrane
Ligand	Iron
Molecular function	Oxidoreductase
PTM	Phosphoprotein
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	fatty acid biosynthetic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW oxidation reduction Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular component	endoplasmic reticulum membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell integral to membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Molecular function	iron ion binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity Ref.2 Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 359	359	Acyl-CoA desaturase		PRO_0000185395
Regions
	Transmembrane	76 – 96	21	Potential
	Transmembrane	98 – 118	21	Potential
	Transmembrane	223 – 243	21	Potential
	Transmembrane	315 – 335	21	Potential
	Motif	120 – 125	6	Histidine box-1
	Motif	157 – 161	5	Histidine box-2
	Motif	298 – 302	5	Histidine box-3
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	198	1	Phosphoserine Ref.10
	Modified residue	199	1	Phosphothreonine Ref.10
	Modified residue	203	1	Phosphoserine Ref.10
Natural variations
	Natural variant	224	1	M → L: dbSNP rs2234970. Ref.2 Ref.3 Ref.7		VAR_025994
Experimental info
	Sequence conflict	5	1	L → M in AAB30631. Ref.9
	Sequence conflict	8	1	D → E in AAB30631. Ref.9
	Sequence conflict	25 – 26	2	SR → PG in CAA73998. Ref.1
	Sequence conflict	25 – 26	2	SR → PG in AAB30631. Ref.9
	Sequence conflict	237	1	F → C in AAB30631. Ref.9
	Sequence conflict	269	1	H → L in BAD96582. Ref.5
	Sequence conflict	320	1	T → N in CAA73998. Ref.1
	Sequence conflict	326	1	C → W in CAA73998. Ref.1
	Sequence conflict	333	1	A → T in CAA73998. Ref.1
	Sequence conflict	356 – 359	4	Missing in AAH05807. Ref.7

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	O00767-1 [UniParc]. Last modified June 6, 2002. Version 2. Checksum: ED56A63DBD850F05	FASTA	359	41,523
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MPAHLLQDDI SSSYTTTTTI TAPPSRVLQN GGDKLETMPL YLEDDIRPDI KDDIYDPTYK 70 80 90 100 110 120 DKEGPSPKVE YVWRNIILMS LLHLGALYGI TLIPTCKFYT WLWGVFYYFV SALGITAGAH 130 140 150 160 170 180 RLWSHRSYKA RLPLRLFLII ANTMAFQNDV YEWARDHRAH HKFSETHADP HNSRRGFFFS 190 200 210 220 230 240 HVGWLLVRKH PAVKEKGSTL DLSDLEAEKL VMFQRRYYKP GLLMMCFILP TLVPWYFWGE 250 260 270 280 290 300 TFQNSVFVAT FLRYAVVLNA TWLVNSAAHL FGYRPYDKNI SPRENILVSL GAVGEGFHNY 310 320 330 340 350 HHSFPYDYSA SEYRWHINFT TFFIDCMAAL GLAYDRKKVS KAAILARIKR TGDGNYKSG

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Characterization and expression of a stearoyl CoA desaturase from human liver." Al-Jeryan L., McCord A., Pierotti A.R., Craft J.A. Submitted (JUN-1997) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Liver.
[2]	"Human stearoyl-CoA desaturase: alternative transcripts generated from a single gene by usage of tandem polyadenylation sites." Zhang L., Ge L., Parimoo S., Stenn K., Prouty S.M. Biochem. J. 340:255-264(1999) [PubMed: 10229681] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], VARIANT LEU-224. Tissue: Brain, Liver and Skin.
[3]	"Cloning, sequencing and expression of human stearoyl-CoA desaturase." Hoshino T., Ohtsu K. Submitted (SEP-1999) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], VARIANT LEU-224.
[4]	"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. , Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., Isogai T., Sugano S. Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed: 14702039] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Cerebellum.
[5]	Suzuki Y., Sugano S., Totoki Y., Toyoda A., Takeda T., Sakaki Y., Tanaka A., Yokoyama S. Submitted (APR-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Liver.
[6]	"The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10." Deloukas P., Earthrowl M.E., Grafham D.V., Rubenfield M., French L., Steward C.A., Sims S.K., Jones M.C., Searle S., Scott C., Howe K., Hunt S.E., Andrews T.D., Gilbert J.G.R., Swarbreck D., Ashurst J.L., Taylor A., Battles J. , Bird C.P., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Ashwell R.I.S., Ambrose K.D., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., Bailey J., Banerjee R., Bates K., Beasley H., Bray-Allen S., Brown A.J., Brown J.Y., Burford D.C., Burrill W., Burton J., Cahill P., Camire D., Carter N.P., Chapman J.C., Clark S.Y., Clarke G., Clee C.M., Clegg S., Corby N., Coulson A., Dhami P., Dutta I., Dunn M., Faulkner L., Frankish A., Frankland J.A., Garner P., Garnett J., Gribble S., Griffiths C., Grocock R., Gustafson E., Hammond S., Harley J.L., Hart E., Heath P.D., Ho T.P., Hopkins B., Horne J., Howden P.J., Huckle E., Hynds C., Johnson C., Johnson D., Kana A., Kay M., Kimberley A.M., Kershaw J.K., Kokkinaki M., Laird G.K., Lawlor S., Lee H.M., Leongamornlert D.A., Laird G., Lloyd C., Lloyd D.M., Loveland J., Lovell J., McLaren S., McLay K.E., McMurray A., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M., Matthews L., Milne S., Nickerson T., Nguyen M., Overton-Larty E., Palmer S.A., Pearce A.V., Peck A.I., Pelan S., Phillimore B., Porter K., Rice C.M., Rogosin A., Ross M.T., Sarafidou T., Sehra H.K., Shownkeen R., Skuce C.D., Smith M., Standring L., Sycamore N., Tester J., Thorpe A., Torcasso W., Tracey A., Tromans A., Tsolas J., Wall M., Walsh J., Wang H., Weinstock K., West A.P., Willey D.L., Whitehead S.L., Wilming L., Wray P.W., Young L., Chen Y., Lovering R.C., Moschonas N.K., Siebert R., Fechtel K., Bentley D., Durbin R.M., Hubbard T., Doucette-Stamm L., Beck S., Smith D.R., Rogers J. Nature 429:375-381(2004) [PubMed: 15164054] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[7]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], VARIANT LEU-224. Tissue: Mammary gland and Placenta.
[8]	"Isolation and characterization of the human stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene promoter: requirement of a conserved CCAAT cis-element." Zhang L., Ge L., Tran T., Stenn K., Prouty S.M. Biochem. J. 357:183-193(2001) [PubMed: 11415448] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 1-9.
[9]	"Partial characterization of a cDNA for human stearoyl-CoA desaturase and changes in its mRNA expression in some normal and malignant tissues." Li J., Ding S.-F., Habib N.A., Fermor B.F., Wood C.B., Gilmour R.S. Int. J. Cancer 57:348-352(1994) [PubMed: 7909540] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 3-239. Tissue: Adipose tissue.
[10]	"Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle." Daub H., Olsen J.V., Bairlein M., Gnad F., Oppermann F.S., Korner R., Greff Z., Keri G., Stemmann O., Mann M. Mol. Cell 31:438-448(2008) [PubMed: 18691976] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-198; THR-199 AND SER-203, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[11]	Colinge J., Superti-Furga G., Bennett K.L. Submitted (OCT-2008) to UniProtKB Cited for: IDENTIFICATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS], MASS SPECTROMETRY.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	Y13647 mRNA. Translation: CAA73998.1. AF097514 mRNA. Translation: AAD29870.1. AB032261 mRNA. Translation: BAA93510.1. AK312312 mRNA. Translation: BAG35237.1. AK222862 mRNA. Translation: BAD96582.1. AL139819 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAH72823.1. AL139819 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAH72824.1. BC005807 mRNA. Translation: AAH05807.1. BC062303 mRNA. Translation: AAH62303.1. AF320307 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAK54510.1. S70284 mRNA. Translation: AAB30631.1.
IPI	IPI00299468.
PIR	I54779.
RefSeq	NP_005054.3.
UniGene	Hs.558396 Hs.597496
3D structure databases
ModBase	Search...
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	O00767.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	O00767.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENSG00000099194. Homo sapiens. [Contig view]
GeneID	6319.
KEGG	hsa:6319.
Organism-specific databases
GeneCards	GC10P102096.
H-InvDB	HIX0009123.
HGNC	HGNC:10571. SCD.
HPA	HPA012107.
MIM	604031. gene.
PharmGKB	PA34984.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
HOVERGEN	O00767.
OMA	O00767. VFYYFVS.
Enzyme and pathway databases
BRENDA	1.14.19.1. 247.
Gene expression databases
Bgee	O00767.
GermOnline	ENSG00000099194. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR005804. Fatty_acid_desaturase-1. IPR001522. Fatty_acid_desaturase-1_C. IPR015876. Fatty_acid_desaturase-1_core. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF00487. FA_desaturase. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PRINTS	PR00075. FACDDSATRASE.
ProDom	PD002221. Desaturase. 1 hit. PD001081. FA_desat_sub. 1 hit. [Graphical view] [Entries sharing at least one domain]
PROSITE	PS00476. FATTY_ACID_DESATUR_1. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other Resources
NextBio	24520.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

ACOD_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: O00767
Secondary accession number(s): B2R5U0 , Q16150, Q53GR9, Q5W037, Q5W038, Q6GSS4, Q96KF6, Q9BS07, Q9Y695

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	July 15, 1998
Last sequence update:	June 6, 2002
Last modified:	June 16, 2009
This is version 94 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HPI (Human Proteome Initiative)