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Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot O00182 (LEG9_HUMAN)

Last modified July 7, 2009. Version 88. Feed History...

Clusters with 100%, 90%, 50% identity | Documents (6) | Third-party data | Customize display text xml rdf/xml gff fasta
Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Alternative products · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Web resources · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents

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Names and origin

Protein namesRecommended name:
    Galectin-9
Alternative name(s):
    HOM-HD-21
    Ecalectin
Gene names
Name: LGALS9
OrganismHomo sapiens (Human) [Complete proteome]
Taxonomic identifier9606 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageEukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

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Protein attributes

Sequence length355 AA.
Sequence statusComplete.
Sequence processingThe displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existenceEvidence at protein level.

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General annotation (Comments)

Function

Binds galactosides. Has high affinity for the Forssman pentasaccharide. May play a role in thymocyte-epithelial interactions relevant to the biology of the thymus. Inhibits cell proliferation. The isoform Short acts as an eosinophil chemoattractant. Is a ligand for HAVCR2/TIM3. Induces T-helper type 1 lymphocyte (Th1) death. Ref.6 Ref.7

Subunit structure

Monomer Probable.

Subcellular location

Cytoplasm By similarity. Secreted By similarity. Note: May also be secreted by a non-classical secretory pathway By similarity.

Tissue specificity

Peripheral blood leukocytes and lymphatic tissues. Overexpressed in Hodgkin's disease tissue.

Domain

Contains two homologous but distinct carbohydrate-binding domains.

Sequence similarities

Contains 2 galectin domains.

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Ontologies

Keywords
   Cellular componentCytoplasm
Secreted
   Coding sequence diversityAlternative splicing
Polymorphism
   DomainRepeat
   LigandLectin
   Technical term3D-structure
Complete proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
   Biological processpositive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade

Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: UniProtKB

   Cellular componentcytoplasm

Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell

extracellular region

Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell

   Molecular functiongalactose binding Ref.1

Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc

signal transducer activity

Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: UniProtKB

Complete GO annotation...

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Alternative products

This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]

Note: Additional isoforms seem to exist.
Isoform Long (identifier: O00182-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.
Isoform Short (identifier: O00182-2)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     149-180: Missing.

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Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature keyPosition(s)LengthDescriptionGraphical viewFeature identifier

Molecule processing

Chain1 – 355355Galectin-9
PRO_0000076946

Regions

Domain17 – 148132Galectin 1
Domain227 – 355129Galectin 2
Region82 – 887Beta-galactoside binding 1
Region287 – 2937Beta-galactoside binding 2 By similarity

Sites

Binding site611Beta-galactoside
Binding site651Beta-galactoside
Binding site751Beta-galactoside

Natural variations

Alternative sequence149 – 18032Missing in isoform Short.
VSP_003096
Natural variant51G → S: dbSNP rs3751093. Ref.3
VAR_020453

Experimental info

Sequence conflict481N → D in CAB93851. Ref.5
Sequence conflict79 – 813NGS → KGR in CAB93851. Ref.5
Sequence conflict881K → R in CAA88922. Ref.1
Sequence conflict891T → M in CAB93851. Ref.5
Sequence conflict1351S → F in CAA88922. Ref.1
Sequence conflict2701P → L in CAA88922. Ref.1
Sequence conflict3131E → G in CAA88922. Ref.1
Sequence conflict3261L → V in CAB93851. Ref.5
Sequence conflict3411R → K in CAB93851. Ref.5

Secondary structure

1 ........................... 355
Helix Strand Turn

Details...

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Sequences

Sequence LengthMass (Da)Tools
Isoform Long [UniParc].

Last modified July 15, 1998. Version 2.
Checksum: 4748C22FCAFA536A

FASTA35539,518
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MAFSGSQAPY LSPAVPFSGT IQGGLQDGLQ ITVNGTVLSS SGTRFAVNFQ TGFSGNDIAF 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
HFNPRFEDGG YVVCNTRQNG SWGPEERKTH MPFQKGMPFD LCFLVQSSDF KVMVNGILFV 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
QYFHRVPFHR VDTISVNGSV QLSYISFQNP RTVPVQPAFS TVPFSQPVCF PPRPRGRRQK 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
PPGVWPANPA PITQTVIHTV QSAPGQMFST PAIPPMMYPH PAYPMPFITT ILGGLYPSKS 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
ILLSGTVLPS AQRFHINLCS GNHIAFHLNP RFDENAVVRN TQIDNSWGSE ERSLPRKMPF 

       310        320        330        340        350 
VRGQSFSVWI LCEAHCLKVA VDGQHLFEYY HRLRNLPTIN RLEVGGDIQL THVQT

« Hide

Isoform Short.

Checksum: 1A3EB2941FC7F377
Show »

FASTA32335,888

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References

[1]"Molecular definition of a novel human galectin which is immunogenic in patients with Hodgkin's disease."
Tuereci O., Schmitt H., Fadle N., Pfreundschuh M., Sahin U.
J. Biol. Chem. 272:6416-6422(1997) [PubMed: 9045665] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM SHORT).
Tissue: Spleen.
[2]Kato S.
Submitted (SEP-1997) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM LONG).
Tissue: Gastric carcinoma.
[3]"Human ecalectin, a variant of human galectin-9, is a novel eosinophil chemoattractant produced by T lymphocytes."
Matsumoto R., Matsumoto H., Seki M., Hata M., Asano Y., Kanegasaki S., Stevens R.L., Hirashima M.
J. Biol. Chem. 273:16976-16984(1998) [PubMed: 9642261] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM SHORT), VARIANT SER-5.
[4]"Homo sapiens galectin-9 (LGALS9) / ecalectin gene, exon 2 through 11."
Akiyama S.
Submitted (MAR-2000) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[5]"Genomic organization of the human galectin-9 gene."
Graessler J., Spitzenberger F., Schroeder H.E.
Submitted (MAR-2000) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[6]"The Tim-3 ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates T helper type 1 immunity."
Zhu C., Anderson A.C., Schubart A., Xiong H., Imitola J., Khoury S.J., Zheng X.X., Strom T.B., Kuchroo V.K.
Nat. Immunol. 6:1245-1252(2005) [PubMed: 16286920] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION AS LIGAND FOR HAVCR2/TIM3.
[7]"Structural analysis of the human galectin-9 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain reveals unexpected properties that differ from the mouse orthologue."
Nagae M., Nishi N., Nakamura-Tsuruta S., Hirabayashi J., Wakatsuki S., Kato R.
J. Mol. Biol. 375:119-135(2008) [PubMed: 18005988] [Abstract]
Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.85 ANGSTROMS) OF 1-148 IN COMPLEXES WITH LACTOSE AND COMPLEX BETA-GALACTOSIDE, SUBUNIT, CARBOHYDRATE SPECIFICITY, FUNCTION.
[8]"Crystal structure of N-terminal domain of human galectin-9 containing L-acetyllactosamine."
RIKEN structural genomics initiative (RSGI)
Submitted (APR-2008) to the PDB data bank
Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.17 ANGSTROMS) OF 1-150 IN COMPLEX WITH L-ACETYLLACTOSAMINE.
+Additional computationally mapped references.

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Cross-references

Sequence databases

Z49107 mRNA. Translation: CAA88922.1.
AB006782 mRNA. Translation: BAA22166.1.
AB005894 mRNA. Translation: BAA31542.1.
AB040130 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB83625.1.
AB040130 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB83624.1.
AJ288083 expand/collapse EMBL AC list , AJ288084, AJ288085, AJ288086, AJ288087, AJ288088, AJ288089, AJ288090 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAB93851.1.
IPIIPI00010477.
IPI00293267.
RefSeqNP_033665.1.
UniGeneHs.81337

3D structure databases

EntryMethodResolution (Å)ChainPositionsPDBsum
2EAKX-ray1.97A/B/C1-148[»]
2EALX-ray1.85A/B1-148[»]
2YY1X-ray2.17A1-147[»]
2ZHKX-ray1.80A/B1-148[»]
2ZHLX-ray1.75A/B/C/D1-148[»]
2ZHMX-ray1.84A/B/C/D1-148[»]
2ZHNX-ray1.30A1-148[»]
ModBaseSearch...

PTM databases

PhosphoSiteO00182.

Proteomic databases

PRIDEO00182.

Genome annotation databases

EnsemblENSG00000168961. Homo sapiens. [Contig view]
GeneID3965.
UCSCuc002gzp.1. human.

Organism-specific databases

GeneCardsGC17P022980.
H-InvDBHIX0013637.
HGNCHGNC:6570. LGALS9.
MIM601879. gene.
PharmGKBPA30347.
GenAtlasSearch...

Phylogenomic databases

HOGENOMO00182.
HOVERGENO00182.
OMAO00182. HIAFHLN.

Gene expression databases

BgeeO00182.
CleanExHS_LGALS9.
GermOnlineENSG00000168961. Homo sapiens.

Family and domain databases

InterProIPR013320. ConA-like_subgrp.
IPR001079. Galectin_CRD.
[Graphical view]
Gene3DG3DSA:2.60.120.200. ConA_like_subgrp. 2 hits.
PANTHERPTHR11346. Galectin_bd. 1 hit.
PfamPF00337. Gal-bind_lectin. 2 hits.
[Graphical view]
SMARTSM00276. GLECT. 2 hits.
[Graphical view]
PROSITEPS51304. GALECTIN. 2 hits.
[Graphical view]
ProtoNetSearch...

Other Resources

BindingDBO00182.
NextBio15562.
SOURCESearch...

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Entry information

Entry nameLEG9_HUMAN
AccessionPrimary (citable) accession number: O00182
Secondary accession number(s): O14532, O75028, Q9NQ58
Entry history
Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: November 1, 1997
Last sequence update: July 15, 1998
Last modified: July 7, 2009
This is version 88 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]
Entry statusReviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation projectHPI (Human Proteome Initiative)

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Relevant documents

Human chromosome 17

Human chromosome 17: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM

Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations

List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations

Human polymorphisms and disease mutations

Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations

MIM cross-references

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

PDB cross-references

Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references

SIMILARITY comments

Index of protein domains and families

Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Alternative products · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Web resources · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents