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A4GCI9 (NRAM_I36A0) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Last modified March 6, 2013. Version 41. Feed History...

Clusters with 100%, 90%, 50% identity | Documents (2) | Third-party data text xml rdf/xml gff fasta
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Names and origin

Protein namesRecommended name:
Neuraminidase
EC=3.2.1.18
Gene names
Name:NA
OrganismInfluenza A virus (strain A/Henry/1936 H1N1) [Complete proteome]
Taxonomic identifier425562 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageViruses › ssRNA negative-strand viruses › Orthomyxoviridae › Influenzavirus A ›
Virus hostAves [TaxID: 8782]
Homo sapiens (Human) [TaxID: 9606]
Sus scrofa (Pig) [TaxID: 9823]

Protein attributes

Sequence length469 AA.
Sequence statusComplete.
Protein existenceInferred from homology

General annotation (Comments)

Function

Catalyzes the removal of terminal sialic acid residues from viral and cellular glycoconjugates. Cleaves off the terminal sialic acids on the glycosylated HA during virus budding to facilitate virus release. Additionally helps virus spread through the circulation by further removing sialic acids from the cell surface. These cleavages prevent self-aggregation and ensure the efficient spread of the progeny virus from cell to cell. Otherwise, infection would be limited to one round of replication. Described as a receptor-destroying enzyme because it cleaves a terminal sialic acid from the cellular receptors. May facilitate viral invasion of the upper airways by cleaving the sialic acid moities on the mucin of the airway epithelial cells. Likely to plays a role in the budding process through its association with lipid rafts during intracellular transport. May additionally display a raft-association independent effect on budding. Plays a role in the determination of host range restriction on replication and virulence. Sialidase activity in late endosome/lysosome traffic seems to enhance virus replication By similarity.

Catalytic activity

Hydrolysis of alpha-(2->3)-, alpha-(2->6)-, alpha-(2->8)- glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic acid residues in oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, colominic acid and synthetic substrates.

Cofactor

Binds 1 calcium ion By similarity.

Enzyme regulation

Inhibited by the neuraminidase inhibitors zanamivir (Relenza) and oseltamivir (Tamiflu). These drugs interfere with the release of progeny virus from infected cells and are effective against all influenza strains. Resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors is quite rare.

Subunit structure

Homotetramer By similarity.

Subcellular location

Virion membrane By similarity. Host apical cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein By similarity. Note: Preferentially accumulates at the apical plasma membrane in infected polarized epithelial cells, which is the virus assembly site. Uses lipid rafts for cell surface transport and apical sorting. In the virion, forms a mushroom-shaped spike on the surface of the membrane By similarity.

Domain

Intact N-terminus is essential for virion morphogenesis. Possess two apical sorting signals, one in the ectodomain, which is likely to be a glycan, and the other in the transmembrane domain. The transmembrane domain also plays a role in lipid raft association By similarity.

Post-translational modification

N-glycosylated By similarity.

Miscellaneous

The influenza A genome consist of 8 RNA segments. Genetic variation of hemagglutinin and/or neuraminidase genes results in the emergence of new influenza strains. The mechanism of variation can be the result of point mutations or the result of genetic reassortment between segments of two different strains.

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 34 family.

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature keyPosition(s)LengthDescriptionGraphical viewFeature identifier

Molecule processing

Chain1 – 469469Neuraminidase
PRO_0000372965

Regions

Topological domain1 – 66Intravirion Potential
Transmembrane7 – 3529Helical; Signal-anchor for type II membrane protein; Potential
Topological domain36 – 469434Virion surface Potential
Region11 – 3323Involved in apical transport and lipid raft association By similarity
Region36 – 9055Hypervariable stalk region By similarity
Region91 – 469379Head of neuraminidase By similarity

Sites

Active site1511 Potential
Active site2771 Potential
Active site4021 Potential
Metal binding2941Calcium; via carbonyl oxygen By similarity
Metal binding2981Calcium; via carbonyl oxygen By similarity
Metal binding3241Calcium By similarity
Binding site1181Substrate Potential
Binding site2931Substrate Potential
Binding site3681Substrate Potential

Amino acid modifications

Glycosylation441N-linked (GlcNAc...); by host Potential
Glycosylation581N-linked (GlcNAc...); by host Potential
Glycosylation631N-linked (GlcNAc...); by host Potential
Glycosylation881N-linked (GlcNAc...); by host Potential
Glycosylation1461N-linked (GlcNAc...); by host Potential
Glycosylation2351N-linked (GlcNAc...); by host Potential
Glycosylation3651N-linked (GlcNAc...); by host Potential
Disulfide bond92 ↔ 417 By similarity
Disulfide bond124 ↔ 129 By similarity
Disulfide bond184 ↔ 231 By similarity
Disulfide bond233 ↔ 238 By similarity
Disulfide bond279 ↔ 292 By similarity
Disulfide bond281 ↔ 290 By similarity
Disulfide bond318 ↔ 335 By similarity
Disulfide bond421 ↔ 446 By similarity

Sequences

Sequence LengthMass (Da)Tools
A4GCI9 [UniParc].

Last modified April 17, 2007. Version 1.
Checksum: DFB4F382AA4252BC

FASTA46951,703
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MNPNQKIITI GSICMVVGII SLILQIGNII SIWISHSIQT GSQNHTGICN QNIITYKNST 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
WVNQTYVNIS NTNVVAGQDT TSVILTGNSS LCPIRGWAIY SKDNSIRIGS KGDVFVIREP 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
FISCSHLECR TFFLTQGALL NDRHSNGTVK DRSPYRALMS CPVGEAPSPY NSRFESVAWS 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
ASACHDGMGW LTIGISGPDN GAVAVLKYNG IITETIKSWR KKILRTQESE CACVNGSCFT 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
IMTDGPSNGL ASYKIFKIEK GKVTKSIELN APNSHYEECS CYPDTGKVMC VCRDNWHGSN 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
RPWVSFDQNL DYQIGYICSG VFGDNPRPKD GTGSCGPVYV DGANGVKGFS YRYGNGVWIG 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
RTKSNSSRHG FEMIWDPNGW TETDSKFSVR QDVVAMTDWS GYSGSFVQHP ELTGLDCMRP 

       430        440        450        460 
CFWVELIRGR PKENTIWTSG SSISFCGVNS DTVDWSWPDG AELPFTIDK

« Hide

References

[1]"The NIAID influenza genome sequencing project."
Ghedin E., Spiro D., Miller N., Zaborsky J., Feldblyum T., Subbu V., Shumway M., Sparenborg J., Groveman L., Halpin R., Sitz J., Koo H., Salzberg S.L., Webster R.G., Hoffmann E., Krauss S., Naeve C., Bao Y. expand/collapse author list , Bolotov P., Dernovoy D., Kiryutin B., Lipman D.J., Tatusova T.
Submitted (MAR-2007) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC RNA].
[2]The NIAID Influenza Genome Sequencing Consortium
Submitted (MAR-2007) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC RNA].

Cross-references

Sequence databases

EMBL
GenBank
DDBJ		CY020447 Viral cRNA. Translation: ABO38354.1.

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortalA4GCI9.
SMRA4GCI9. Positions 83-467.
ModBaseSearch...

Protein family/group databases

CAZyGH34. Glycoside Hydrolase Family 34.

Protocols and materials databases

StructuralBiologyKnowledgebaseSearch...

Family and domain databases

Gene3D2.120.10.10. 1 hit.
InterProIPR001860. Glyco_hydro_34.
IPR011040. Sialidases.
[Graphical view]
PfamPF00064. Neur. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
SUPFAMSSF50939. Sialidase. 1 hit.
ProtoNetSearch...

Entry information

Entry nameNRAM_I36A0
AccessionPrimary (citable) accession number: A4GCI9
Entry history
Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: May 5, 2009
Last sequence update: April 17, 2007
Last modified: March 6, 2013
This is version 41 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]
Entry statusReviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation programViral Protein Annotation Program

Relevant documents

Glycosyl hydrolases

Classification of glycosyl hydrolase families and list of entries

SIMILARITY comments

Index of protein domains and families

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