Protein induced by DNA damage or protein involved in the response to DNA damage. Drug- or radiation-induced injuries in DNA introduce deviations from its normal double-helical conformation. These changes include structural distortions which interfere with replication and transcription, as well as point mutations which disrupt base pairs and exert damaging effects on future generations through changes in DNA sequence. Response to DNA damage results in either repair or tolerance.

Category: Biological process · UniProtKB (157,764)

Protein involved in the repair of damages to one strand of DNA (loss of purines due to thermal fluctuations, formation of pyrimidine dimers by UV irradiation, for instance). The site of damage is recognized, excised by an endonuclease, the correct sequence is copied from the complementary strand by a polymerase and the ends of this correct sequence are joined to the rest of the strand by a ligase. In bacterial systems, the polymerase also acts as endonuclease. Excisase A and other proteins involved in recombination mediate DNA excision; a process whereby abnormal or mismatched nucleotides are enzymatically cut out of a strand of a DNA molecule.

Category: Biological process · UniProtKB (19,165)

Protein involved in the repair of DNA, the various biochemical processes by which damaged DNA can be restored. DNA repair embraces, for instance, not only the direct reversal of some types of damage (such as the enzymatic photoreactivation of thymine dimers), but also multiple distinct mechanisms for excising damaged base; termed nucleotide excision repair (NER), base excision repair (BER) and mismatch repair (MMR); or mechanisms for repairing double-strand breaks.

Category: Biological process · UniProtKB (153,960)