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Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P10627 (TWIST_DROME)

Last modified July 22, 2008. Version 90. Feed History...

Clusters with 100%, 90%, 50% identity | Documents (3) | Third-party data | Customize display text xml rdf/xml gff fasta
Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents

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Names and origin

Protein namesRecommended name:
    Protein twist
Gene names
Name: twi
ORF Names: CG2956
OrganismDrosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) [Complete proteome]
Taxonomic identifier7227 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageEukaryota › Metazoa › Arthropoda › Hexapoda › Insecta › Pterygota › Neoptera › Endopterygota › Diptera › Brachycera › Muscomorpha › Ephydroidea › Drosophilidae › Drosophila › Sophophora

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Protein attributes

Sequence length490 AA.
Sequence statusComplete.
Sequence processingThe displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existenceEvidence at protein level.

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General annotation (Comments)

Function

Involved in the establishment and dorsoventral patterning of germ layers in the embryo.

Subunit structure

Efficient DNA binding requires dimerization with another bHLH protein. Homodimer.

Subcellular location

Nucleus.

Tissue specificity

Expressed in embryonic abdomen; a single cell ventrally, pairs of cells laterally and three cells dorsally in each hemisegment. In the thorax, there are patches of cells associated with the imaginal disks. During larval development, cells proliferate and, in the abdomen, they form ventral, lateral and dorsal clusters, which are the precursors of the adult abdominal muscles. In the thorax, they form populations of cells in the imaginal disks that correspond to the adepithelial cells.

Developmental stage

Expressed throughout development.

Miscellaneous

Mutant embryos fail to form the ventral furrow at gastrulation and lack mesoderm and all internal organs.

Sequence similarities

Contains 1 basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain.

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Ontologies

Keywords

   Biological processDifferentiation
Transcription
Transcription regulation
   Cellular componentNucleus
   LigandDNA-binding
   Molecular functionDevelopmental protein
   PTMPhosphoprotein
   Technical termComplete proteome

Gene Ontology (GO)

   Biological processMalpighian tubule morphogenesis

Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: FlyBase

dorsal/ventral axis specification

Traceable author statement. Source: FlyBase

ectoderm and mesoderm interaction

Non-traceable author statement. Source: FlyBase

heart development

Traceable author statement. Source: FlyBase

mesodermal cell fate determination

Traceable author statement. Source: FlyBase

mesodermal cell fate specification

Traceable author statement. Source: FlyBase

muscle fiber development

Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: FlyBase

positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

Non-traceable author statement. Source: FlyBase

regulation of striated muscle development

Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: UniProtKB

salivary gland morphogenesis

Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: FlyBase

ventral furrow formation Ref.1

Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: UniProtKB

   Cellular componentnucleus Ref.1

Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB

   Molecular functionDNA binding

Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB

protein heterodimerization activity

Inferred from physical interaction. Source: UniProtKB

protein homodimerization activity

Inferred from physical interaction. Source: UniProtKB

specific transcriptional repressor activity

Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: FlyBase

transcription activator activity

Non-traceable author statement. Source: FlyBase

Complete GO annotation...

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Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature keyPosition(s)LengthDescriptionGraphical view

Molecule processing

Chain1 – 490490Protein twist

Regions

Domain375 – 41440Helix-loop-helix motif
DNA binding362 – 37413Basic motif
Compositional bias48 – 7023Gln/His-rich
Compositional bias178 – 18912Gln-rich
Compositional bias244 – 26320Gln-rich

Amino acid modifications

Modified residue3251Phosphoserine
Modified residue3281Phosphoserine

Experimental info

Sequence conflict441Q → H in CAA31024 and CAA32707. Ref.1
Sequence conflict1121T → A in CAA31024 and CAA32707. Ref.1
Sequence conflict1121T → A in AAL68080. Ref.4
Sequence conflict2511L → Q in CAA31024 and CAA32707. Ref.1
Sequence conflict2511Missing in AAL68080 and AAM49823. Ref.4
Sequence conflict4531A → G in CAA31024. Ref.1

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Sequences

Sequence LengthMass (Da)Tools
P10627-1 [UniParc].

Last modified February 21, 2001. Version 2.
Checksum: AEB0D4D4EEE97DB7

FASTA49054,422
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MMSARSVSPK VLLDISYKPT LPNIMELQNN VIKLIQVEQQ AYMQSGYQLQ HQQQHLHSHQ 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
HHQQHHQQQH AQYAPLPSEY AAYGITELED TDYNIPSNEV LSTSSNQSAQ STSLELNNNN 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
TSSNTNSSGN NPSGFDGQAS SGSSWNEHGK RARSSGDYDC QTGGSLVMQP EHKKLIHQQQ 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
QQQQQHQQQI YVDYLPTTVD EVASAQSCPG VQSTCTSPQS HFDFPDEELP EHKAQVFLPL 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
YNNQQQQSQQ LQQQQPHQQS HAQMHFQNAY RQSFEGYEPA NSLNGSAYSS SDRDDMEYAR 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
HNALSSVSDL NGGVMSPACL ADDGSAGSLL DGSDAGGKAF RKPRRRLKRK PSKTEETDEF 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
SNQRVMANVR ERQRTQSLND AFKSLQQIIP TLPSDKLSKI QTLKLATRYI DFLCRMLSSS 

       430        440        450        460        470        480 
DISLLKALEA QGSPSAYGSA SSLLSAAANG AEADLKCLRK ANGAPIIPPE KLSYLFGVWR 

       490 
MEGDAQHQKA

« Hide

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References

« Hide 'large scale' references
[1]"Sequence of the twist gene and nuclear localization of its protein in endomesodermal cells of early Drosophila embryos."
Thisse B., Stoetzel C., Gorostiza-Thisse C., Perrin-Schmitt F.
EMBO J. 7:2175-2183(1988) [PubMed: 3416836] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA], FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
Strain: Oregon-R.
[2]"The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster."
Adams M.D., Celniker S.E., Holt R.A., Evans C.A., Gocayne J.D., Amanatides P.G., Scherer S.E., Li P.W., Hoskins R.A., Galle R.F., George R.A., Lewis S.E., Richards S., Ashburner M., Henderson S.N., Sutton G.G., Wortman J.R., Yandell M.D. expand/collapse author list , Zhang Q., Chen L.X., Brandon R.C., Rogers Y.-H.C., Blazej R.G., Champe M., Pfeiffer B.D., Wan K.H., Doyle C., Baxter E.G., Helt G., Nelson C.R., Miklos G.L.G., Abril J.F., Agbayani A., An H.-J., Andrews-Pfannkoch C., Baldwin D., Ballew R.M., Basu A., Baxendale J., Bayraktaroglu L., Beasley E.M., Beeson K.Y., Benos P.V., Berman B.P., Bhandari D., Bolshakov S., Borkova D., Botchan M.R., Bouck J., Brokstein P., Brottier P., Burtis K.C., Busam D.A., Butler H., Cadieu E., Center A., Chandra I., Cherry J.M., Cawley S., Dahlke C., Davenport L.B., Davies P., de Pablos B., Delcher A., Deng Z., Mays A.D., Dew I., Dietz S.M., Dodson K., Doup L.E., Downes M., Dugan-Rocha S., Dunkov B.C., Dunn P., Durbin K.J., Evangelista C.C., Ferraz C., Ferriera S., Fleischmann W., Fosler C., Gabrielian A.E., Garg N.S., Gelbart W.M., Glasser K., Glodek A., Gong F., Gorrell J.H., Gu Z., Guan P., Harris M., Harris N.L., Harvey D.A., Heiman T.J., Hernandez J.R., Houck J., Hostin D., Houston K.A., Howland T.J., Wei M.-H., Ibegwam C., Jalali M., Kalush F., Karpen G.H., Ke Z., Kennison J.A., Ketchum K.A., Kimmel B.E., Kodira C.D., Kraft C.L., Kravitz S., Kulp D., Lai Z., Lasko P., Lei Y., Levitsky A.A., Li J.H., Li Z., Liang Y., Lin X., Liu X., Mattei B., McIntosh T.C., McLeod M.P., McPherson D., Merkulov G., Milshina N.V., Mobarry C., Morris J., Moshrefi A., Mount S.M., Moy M., Murphy B., Murphy L., Muzny D.M., Nelson D.L., Nelson D.R., Nelson K.A., Nixon K., Nusskern D.R., Pacleb J.M., Palazzolo M., Pittman G.S., Pan S., Pollard J., Puri V., Reese M.G., Reinert K., Remington K., Saunders R.D.C., Scheeler F., Shen H., Shue B.C., Siden-Kiamos I., Simpson M., Skupski M.P., Smith T.J., Spier E., Spradling A.C., Stapleton M., Strong R., Sun E., Svirskas R., Tector C., Turner R., Venter E., Wang A.H., Wang X., Wang Z.-Y., Wassarman D.A., Weinstock G.M., Weissenbach J., Williams S.M., Woodage T., Worley K.C., Wu D., Yang S., Yao Q.A., Ye J., Yeh R.-F., Zaveri J.S., Zhan M., Zhang G., Zhao Q., Zheng L., Zheng X.H., Zhong F.N., Zhong W., Zhou X., Zhu S.C., Zhu X., Smith H.O., Gibbs R.A., Myers E.W., Rubin G.M., Venter J.C.
Science 287:2185-2195(2000) [PubMed: 10731132] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
Strain: Berkeley.
[3]"Annotation of the Drosophila melanogaster euchromatic genome: a systematic review."
Misra S., Crosby M.A., Mungall C.J., Matthews B.B., Campbell K.S., Hradecky P., Huang Y., Kaminker J.S., Millburn G.H., Prochnik S.E., Smith C.D., Tupy J.L., Whitfield E.J., Bayraktaroglu L., Berman B.P., Bettencourt B.R., Celniker S.E., de Grey A.D.N.J. expand/collapse author list , Drysdale R.A., Harris N.L., Richter J., Russo S., Schroeder A.J., Shu S.Q., Stapleton M., Yamada C., Ashburner M., Gelbart W.M., Rubin G.M., Lewis S.E.
Genome Biol. 3:RESEARCH0083.1-RESEARCH0083.22(2002) [PubMed: 12537572] [Abstract]
Cited for: GENOME REANNOTATION.
[4]"A Drosophila full-length cDNA resource."
Stapleton M., Carlson J.W., Brokstein P., Yu C., Champe M., George R.A., Guarin H., Kronmiller B., Pacleb J.M., Park S., Wan K.H., Rubin G.M., Celniker S.E.
Genome Biol. 3:RESEARCH0080.1-RESEARCH0080.8(2002) [PubMed: 12537569] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
Strain: Berkeley.
Tissue: Testis.
[5]"Cells with persistent twist expression are the embryonic precursors of adult muscles in Drosophila."
Bate M., Rushton E., Currie D.A.
Development 113:79-89(1991) [PubMed: 1765010] [Abstract]
Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[6]"Phosphoproteome analysis of Drosophila melanogaster embryos."
Zhai B., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Mintseris J., Gygi S.P.
J. Proteome Res. 7:1675-1682(2008) [PubMed: 18327897] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-325 AND SER-328, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
Tissue: Embryo.
+Additional computationally mapped references.

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Cross-references

Sequence databases

X12506 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA31024.1.
X14569 mRNA. Translation: CAA32707.1.
AE013599 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAF46941.1.
AY075213 mRNA. Translation: AAL68080.1.
AY118454 mRNA. Translation: AAM49823.1.
PIRS00995.
RefSeqNP_001033967.1.
NP_523816.2.
UniGeneDm.5605

3D structure databases

HSSPHSSP built from PDB template 1NLW based on UniProtKB P25912.
ModBaseSearch...

Genome annotation databases

EnsemblCG2956. Drosophila melanogaster. [Contig view]
GeneID37655.
KEGGdme:Dmel_CG2956.

Organism-specific databases

FlyBaseFBgn0003900. twi.

Phylogenomic databases

HOGENOMP10627.

Enzyme and pathway databases

BioCycDMEL-XXX-02:DMEL-XXX-02-006137-MON.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpressP10627.
GermOnlineCG2956. Drosophila melanogaster.

Family and domain databases

InterProIPR001092. HLH_basic.
IPR011598. HLH_DNA_bd.
IPR015789. Twist.
[Graphical view]
Gene3DG3DSA:4.10.280.10. HLH_DNA_bd. 1 hit.
PANTHERPTHR23349:SF6. Twist. 1 hit.
PfamPF00010. HLH. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
SMARTSM00353. HLH. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
PROSITEPS50888. HLH. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
ProDomP10627.
[Graphical view] [Entries sharing at least one domain]
BLOCKSSearch...

Other Resources

ProtoNetSearch...

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Entry information

Entry nameTWIST_DROME
AccessionPrimary (citable) accession number: P10627
Secondary accession number(s): Q8MT07, Q8T8Y9, Q9W1W1
Entry history
Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: July 1, 1989
Last sequence update: February 21, 2001
Last modified: July 22, 2008
This is version 90 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]
Entry statusReviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation projectDrosophila annotation project

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Relevant documents

Drosophila

Drosophila: entries, gene names and cross-references to FlyBase

UniProtKB secondary accession numbers

Index of UniProtKB secondary accession numbers

SIMILARITY comments

Index of protein domains and families

Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents