Swiss-Prot Protein Knowledgebase
TrEMBL Protein Database
What's new?
Release 15.14 of 09-Feb-2010
| UniProt Knowledgebase Swiss-Prot Protein Knowledgebase TrEMBL Protein Database What's new? Release 15.14 of 09-Feb-2010 |
Also read about forthcoming changes, the latest release statistics (Swiss-Prot, TrEMBL), Swiss-Prot headlines, and recent and forthcoming changes for the XML version of the UniProt Knowledgebase.
| UniProtKB release 15.14 of 09-Feb-2010 |
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New keyword:
New terms:
| UniProtKB release 15.13 of 19-Jan-2010 |
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Cross-references have been added to eggNOG (evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non-supervised Orthologous Groups), a database of orthologous groups of genes. The orthologous groups are annotated with functional description lines (derived by identifying a common denominator for the genes based on their various annotations), with functional categories (i.e derived from the original COG/KOG categories).
eggNOG is available at http://eggnog.embl.de/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation eggNOG Resource identifier eggNOG cluster identifier. Example
Show all the entries having a cross-reference to eggNOG.
The format of the cross-references to the HAMAP database has changed in order to align it with the format of other InterPro member databases.
Previous format:
Resource abbreviation HAMAP Resource identifier HAMAP unique identifier for a protein family. Optional information 1 Nature of hits found. The values are either 'fused', 'atypical', 'atypical/fused' or '-': 'fused' indicates that the family signature does not cover the entire protein; 'atypical' means that the protein is divergent in sequence or has mutated functional sites and should not be included in family datasets; 'atypical/fused' is a combination of the previous two cases; '-' is a placeholder for an empty field. Optional information 2 Number of hits found, which is generally 1, rarely 2 for the fusion of identical domains/proteins. Examples
New format:
Resource abbreviation HAMAP Resource identifier HAMAP unique identifier for a protein family signature. Optional information 1 HAMAP entry name for a protein family. Optional information 2 Number of hits found, which is generally 1, rarely 2 for the fusion of identical domains/proteins. Optional information 3 Nature of hits found. The values are either 'fused', 'atypical', 'atypical/fused' or '-': 'fused' indicates that the family signature does not cover the entire protein; 'atypical' means that the protein is divergent in sequence or has mutated functional sites and should not be included in family datasets; 'atypical/fused' is a combination of the previous two cases; '-' is a placeholder for an empty field. Examples
Show all the entries having a cross-reference to HAMAP.
The format of the cross-references to the HOGENOM project has changed: The resource identifier, which was a UniProtKB accession number, has been replaced by a HOGENOM identifier.
Example:
Previous format:
DR HOGENOM; P0A9I1; -.
New format:
DR HOGENOM; HBG676713; -.
Show all the entries having a cross-reference to HOGENOM.
New keyword:
New subcellular location:
New terms:
| UniProtKB release 15.12 of 15-Dec-2009 |
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Cross-references have been added to ArachnoServer, a spider toxin database. ArachnoServer is a manually curated database containing information on the sequence, three-dimensional structure, and biological activity of protein toxins derived from spider venom.
ArachnoServer is available at http://www.arachnoserver.org/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation ArachnoServer Resource identifier ArachnoServer unique identifier. Optional information 1 Toxin name. Examples
Show all the entries having a cross-reference to ArachnoServer.
Cross-references have been added to InParanoid, a database of eukaryotic ortholog groups. The InParanoid database is a collection of pairwise comparisons between currently 35 complete proteomes. The InParanoid program uses the pairwise similarity scores, calculated using NCBI-Blast, between two complete proteomes for constructing orthology groups.
InParanoid is available at http://inparanoid.sbc.su.se/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation InParanoid Resource identifier UniProtKB accession number. Example
Show all the entries having a cross-reference to InParanoid.
New keyword:
New subcellular location:
New terms:
Modified terms:
| UniProtKB release 15.11 of 24-Nov-2009 |
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Cross-references have been added to OrthoDB, a database of orthologous groups. OrthoDB presents a catalog of eukaryotic orthologous protein-coding genes. Orthology refers to the last common ancestor of the species under consideration, and thus OrthoDB explicitly delineates orthologs at each radiation along the species phylogeny.
OrthoDB is available at http://cegg.unige.ch/orthodb.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation OrthoDB Resource identifier OrthoDB cluster number. Example
Show all the entries having a cross-reference to OrthoDB.
Cross-references have been added to PhylomeDB, a database for complete collections of gene phylogenies. PhylomeDB allows users to interactively explore the evolutionary history of genes through the visualization of phylogenetic trees and multiple sequence alignments.
PhylomeDB is available at http://phylomedb.org/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation PhylomeDB Resource identifier UniProtKB accession number. Example
Show all the entries having a cross-reference to PhylomeDB.
New keyword:
Deleted keywords:
New subcellular location:
| UniProtKB release 15.10 of 03-Nov-2009 |
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The format of the cross-references to the OMA project has changed: The resource identifier, which was a UniProtKB accession number, has been replaced by an OMA group fingerprint. The optional information field 1 is now a dash '-'.
Example:
Previous format:
DR OMA; P39899; YANTHIA.
New format:
DR OMA; YANTHIA; -.
Show all the entries having a cross-reference to OMA.
New keyword:
New subcellular location:
| UniProtKB release 15.9 of 13-Oct-2009 |
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Cross-references have been added to Genevestigator, a reference expression database and meta-analysis system. It allows biologists to study the expression and regulation of genes in a broad variety of contexts by summarizing information from hundreds of microarray experiments into easily interpretable results.
Genevestigator is available at https://www.genevestigator.com/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation Genevestigator Resource identifier UniProtKB accession number. Example
Show all the entries having a cross-reference to Genevestigator.
New keyword:
Modified subcellular location:
Deleted subcellular location:
New terms:
| UniProtKB release 15.8 of 22-Sep-2009 |
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New subcellular location:
New terms:
Terms deleted:
| UniProtKB release 15.7 of 01-Sep-2009 |
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Cross-references have been added to STRING, a resource of known and predicted protein-protein interactions, which quantitatively integrates interaction data from four sources for a large number of organisms, and transfers information between these organisms where applicable.
STRING is available at http://string-db.org/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation STRING Resource identifier UniProtKB accession number. Example
Show all the entries having a cross-reference to STRING.
New subcellular location:
| UniProtKB release 15.6 of 28-Jul-2009 |
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Cross-references have been added to the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, which elucidates molecular mechanisms by which environmental chemicals affect human disease. Chemical-gene/protein interactions and chemical- and gene-disease relationships are curated from the published literature, and integrated with diverse data to facilitate environmental health research.
CTD is available at http://ctd.mdibl.org/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation CTD Resource identifier NCBI geneID. Example
Show all the entries having a cross-reference to CTD.
We have changed the format of the cross-reference lines to Ensembl. The DR Ensembl lines have been extended in order to include identifiers for Transcripts and Peptides.
Resource abbreviation Ensembl Resource identifier Ensembl unique identifier for a transcript. Optional information 1 Ensembl unique identifier for a protein. Optional information 2 Ensembl unique identifier for a gene. Optional information 3 Species name. Example
Show all the entries having a cross-reference to Ensembl.
New keywords:
| UniProtKB release 15.5 of 07-Jul-2009 |
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Cross-references have been added to the UCSC genome browser, which contains the reference sequences and working draft assemblies for a large collection of genomes and also provides a portal to the ENCODE project.
UCSC is available at http://genome.ucsc.edu/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation UCSC Resource identifier UCSC GeneID. Optional information 1 Species name. Examples
Show all the entries having a cross-reference to UCSC.
Modified keywords:
| UniProtKB release 15.4 of 16-Jun-2009 |
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Cross-references to LinkHub have been removed.
New keywords:
New subcellular location:
Modified subcellular locations:
| UniProtKB release 15.3 of 26-May-2009 |
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Cross-references have been added to the CutDB - Proteolytic event database. PMAP-CutDB is one of the first systematic efforts to build an easily accessible collection of documented proteolytic events for natural proteins in vivo or in vitro. A CutDB entry is defined by a unique combination of these three attributes: protease, protein substrate and cleavage site.
PMAP-CutDB is available at http://www.proteolysis.org/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation PMAP-CutDB Resource identifier UniProtKB accession number. Examples
Show all the entries having a cross-reference to PMAP-CutDB.
The document ec2dtosp.txt, which listed the Escherichia coli Gene-protein database (ECO2DBASE) entries cross-referenced in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, has been removed.
New keywords:
| UniProtKB release 15.2 of 05-May-2009 |
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Cross-references have been added to the OMA project. The OMA project is a massive cross-comparison of complete genomes to identify the evolutionary relation between any pair of proteins. The main features of OMA are the large number of genomes from all kingdoms of life, the strict verification of orthology assignments and the determination of the phylogenetic relationship between any two proteins.
OMA is available at http://www.omabrowser.org/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation OMA Resource identifier UniProtKB accession number. Optional information 1 OMA group fingerprint. Examples
New keywords:
New subcellular location:
New subcellular topology:
| UniProtKB release 15.1 of 14-Apr-2009 |
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Cross-references have been added to the Carbohydrate-Active enZymes database CAZy. CAZy describes the families of structurally-related catalytic and carbohydrate-binding modules (or functional domains) of enzymes that degrade, modify, or create glycosidic bonds.
IPI is available at http://www.cazy.org/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation CAZy Resource identifier CAZy family number. Optional information 1 CAZy family name. Examples
New keywords:
New subcellular location:
| UniProtKB release 15.0 of 24-Mar-2009 |
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After discussion with experts in the field and in consultation with the Gene Ontology we have changed the OG line describing proteins encoded by the chromatophore of Paulinella chromatophora from
OG Plastid; Chromatophore.
to
OG Plastid; Organellar chromatophore.
Cross-references to StyGene have been removed.
The document salty.txt, which listed Salmonella typhimurium strain LT2 entries, gene names and cross-references to StyGene, has been removed.
New keywords:
Modified keywords:
New subcellular location:
Modified subcellular locations:
| UniProtKB release 14.9 of 03-Mar-2009 |
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Cross-references have been added to the Transport Classification Database TCDB. TCDB details a comprehensive IUBMB approved classification system for membrane transport proteins known as the Transporter Classification (TC) system. The TC system is analogous to the Enzyme Commission (EC) system for classification of enzymes, but incorporates phylogenetic information additionally.
TCDB is available at http://www.tcdb.org/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation TCDB Resource identifier Transporter Classification number. Optional information 1 Transporter Classification family name. Examples
Cross-references have been added to the Pathway Interaction Database Pathway_Interaction_DB. The Pathway Interaction Database is a highly-structured, curated collection of information about known biomolecular interactions and key cellular processes assembled into signaling pathways.
Pathway_Interaction_DB is available at http://pid.nci.nih.gov/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation Pathway_Interaction_DB Resource identifier Short pathway name. Optional information 1 Full pathway name. Examples
New keywords:
Modified keywords:
| UniProtKB release 14.8 of 10-Feb-2009 |
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Each term in the list may be mapped to a corresponding eVOC term and now it can also be mapped to a corresponding Plant Ontology (PO) term.
Examples:
ID Aleurone. AC TS-0027 SY Aleurone layer. DR PO; PO:0005360; aleurone layer. // ID Embryo. AC TS-0229 SY Embryonic; Embryonic tissue; Whole embryo; Parthenogenote. DR eVOC; EV:0300001; development-stage: embryo. DR PO; PO:0009009; embryo. //
Cross-references have been added to the International Protein Index IPI. IPI maintains a database of cross references between the primary data sources, provides minimally redundant yet maximally complete sets of proteins and maintains stable identifiers for proteomes of higher eukaryotic organisms.
IPI is available at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/IPI/IPIhelp.html.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation IPI Resource identifier IPI unique identifier. Examples
Cross-references have been added to a dataBase for Gene Expression Evolution Bgee. Bgee is a database to retrieve and compare gene expression patterns between animal species. Bgee first maps heterogeneous expression data (currently EST, Affymetrix, and in situ hybridization data) on anatomical and developmental ontologies.
Bgee is available at http://bgee.unil.ch/bgee/bgee.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation Bgee Resource identifier UniProtKB accession number. Examples
New subcellular locations:
Deleted subcellular locations:
Terms introduced:
| UniProtKB release 14.7 of 20-Jan-2009 |
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The document pathlist.txt, available by ftp and on the Web site, describes the controlled vocabulary used in the comment line (CC) topic PATHWAY in the following format:
--------- ------------------------------- ---------------------------- Line code Content Occurrence in an entry --------- ------------------------------- ---------------------------- ID Identifier Once; starts an entry AC Accession number Once CL UniPathway class Once DE Definition Once or more SY Synonym(s) Optional; once or more HI Relationship is-a Optional; once or more HP Relationship part-of Optional; once or more DR Cross-reference(s) Optional; once or more // Terminator Once; ends an entry
Example:
ID D-alanine biosynthesis. AC UPA00042 CL Pathway. DE Biosynthesis of D-alanine. D-alanine is used either as an energy DE source or as a component of bacterial cell wall, where it is directly DE involved in the cross-linking of adjacent peptidoglycan chains. In DE Gram-positive bacteria, D-alanine can also be found to variable DE extents in cell wall teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid residues. SY D-2-aminopropionic acid biosynthesis. HI UPA00402; amino-acid biosynthesis. DR GO; GO:0030632; P:D-alanine biosynthetic process. DR KEGG; map00252; Alanine and aspartate metabolism. DR KEGG; map00473; D-Alanine metabolism. DR MetaCyc; ALADEG-PWY. //
We have structured the comment line topic PATHWAY, using the controlled vocabulary provided by the UniPathway resource, in order to improve the consistency of annotation and to allow to parse its content.
The new format of PATHWAY is:
CC -!- PATHWAY: Super-pathway; Pathway(; Sub-pathway: Enzymatic_reaction)?( [regulation])?.Where:
Amino-acid biosynthesisL-lysine biosynthesis via AAA pathwayL-alpha-aminoadipate from 2-oxoglutarate
[regulation]: Indicates that a protein acts as transcriptional regulator of the genes coding for enzymes of the pathway.Note: Perl-style multipliers indicate whether a pattern (as delimited by parentheses) is optional.
Examples:
P49367:CC -!- PATHWAY: Amino-acid biosynthesis; L-lysine biosynthesis via AAA CC pathway; L-alpha-aminoadipate from 2-oxoglutarate: step 2/4.P0A877:
CC -!- PATHWAY: Amino-acid biosynthesis; L-tryptophan biosynthesis; L- CC tryptophan from chorismate: step 5/5.P95477:
CC -!- PATHWAY: Siderophore biosynthesis; pseudomonine biosynthesis.P52957:
CC -!- PATHWAY: Mycotoxin biosynthesis; sterigmatocystin biosynthesis CC [regulation].
We have introduced the new CC line topic DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE to describe the effects caused by the disruption of the gene coding for a protein. Note that we only describe effects caused by the complete absence of a gene and thus of a protein in vivo (null mutants caused by random or target deletions, insertions of a transposable element etc.) To avoid description of phenotypes due to partial or dominant negative mutants, missense mutations are not described in this topic, but in FT MUTAGEN instead. Defects caused by transient inactivation by methods such as RNA interference or blockage by antibodies are also not described in this topic due to the difficulty of interpreting results, except for C. elegans RNAi studies, which are widely used and done in vivo.
The format of the new topic is free text.
Examples:
Q8R1N0:CC -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Death occurs by the end of preimplantation CC development. Embryos exhibit a dramatic reduction in the total cell CC number, a high mitotic index, and the presence of abnormal mitotic CC figures.Q05753:
CC -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Developmental arrest of the embryos at the CC globular stage.P11911:
CC -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Impaired B-cell development which fails to CC progress past the progenitor stage.
Cross-references have been added to the Comprehensive Enzyme Information System BRENDA . BRENDA (BRaunschweig ENzyme DAtabase) is a large publicly available enzyme information system, which includes information on all identified enzymes. The range of data encompasses functional, structural, sequence, localisation, disease-related, isolation, stability information on enzyme and ligand-related data.
BRENDA is available at http://www.brenda-enzymes.org/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation BRENDA Resource identifier EC number. Optional information 1 BRENDA organism code. Examples
Following changes in the the EMBL nucleotide sequence database, the term pre-RNA was replaced by Transcribed_RNA as a valid value for the field MoleculeType of cross-references to EMBL. The format of the DR EMBL line is:
DR EMBL; AccessionNumber; ProteinID; StatusIdentifier; MoleculeType.
The controlled vocabulary of the field MoleculeType is:
New keywords:
| UniProtKB release 14.6 of 16-Dec-2008 |
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Cross-references have been added to GeneCards. GeneCards is a searchable, integrated database of human genes that provides concise genomic, proteomic, transcriptomic, genetic and functional information on all known and predicted human genes.
GeneCards is available at http://www.genecards.org/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation GeneCards Resource identifier GeneCards unique identifier. Examples
Cross-references have been added to PRIDE PRoteomics IDEntifications database. The PRIDE PRoteomics IDEntifications database is a centralized, standards compliant, public data repository for proteomics data.
PRIDE is available at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pride/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation PRIDE Resource identifier UniProtKB accession number. Examples
We have changed the format of the cross-reference lines to IntAct to add the number of interactions.
Optional information 1 Number of interactions. Example
| UniProtKB release 14.5 of 25-Nov-2008 |
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New keywords:
Modified keywords:
Deleted keywords:
| UniProtKB release 14.4 of 04-Nov-2008 |
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Cross-references have been added to NextBio. NextBio is a life science search engine that enables researchers and clinicians to access and understand the world's life sciences information. NextBio contains amongst other things gene-centric data for human, mouse, rat, fly, worm and yeast.
NextBio is available at http://www.nextbio.com/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation NextBio Resource identifier NextBio unique identifier. Examples
Cross-references have been added to the Xenbase: Xenopus laevis and tropicalis biology and genomics resource. Xenbase is a model organism database integrating a diverse array of biological and genomic data on the frogs, Xenopus laevis and Xenopus (Silurana) tropicalis. Data is collected from other databases, high-throughput screens and the scientific literature and integrated into a number of database modules covering subjects such as community, literature, gene and genomic analysis.
Xenbase: Xenopus laevis and tropicalis biology and genomics resource is available at http://http://www.xenbase.org/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation Xenbase Resource identifier Xenbase accession number. Optional information 1 Gene name. Examples
New keywords:
| UniProtKB release 14.1 of 02-Sep-2008 |
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New keywords:
New subcellular locations:
| UniProtKB release 14.0 of 22-Jul-2008 |
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Up to now, the UniProtKB description (DE) lines were listing protein names in a computer parsable format, but with a minimal amount of structure. In UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot the description starts with the recommended name of the protein and additional alternative names are indicated between parentheses. In UniProtKB/TrEMBL the description is derived directly from the underlying nucleotide entry and its accuracy relies on the information provided by the submitter of the nucleotide entry, unless it has been improved by automatic annotation procedures.
Consistent nomenclature is indispensable for communication, literature searching and entry retrieval. The protein names provided in the description lines of UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot are widely used by life scientists and often propagated during the annotation of new genomic sequences. For these reasons we have structured the UniProtKB DE lines more explicitly: We introduced 3 categories, as well as several subcategories, of protein names:
Category Field Subcategory Field Cardinality Description RecName: 1 in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
0-1 in UniProtKB/TrEMBLThe name recommended by the UniProt consortium. Full= 1 The full name. Short= 0-n An abbreviation of the full name or an acronym. EC= 0-n An Enzyme Commission number. AltName: 0-n A synonym of the recommended name. Full= 0-1 The full name. Short= 0-n An abbreviation of the full name or an acronym. EC= 0-n An Enzyme Commission number. AltName: Allergen= 0-1 See allergen.txt. AltName: Biotech= 0-1 A name used in a biotechnological context. AltName: CD_antigen= 0-n See cdlist.txt. AltName: INN= 0-n The international nonproprietary name: A generic name for a pharmaceutical substance or active pharmaceutical ingredient that is globally recognized and is a public property. SubName: 0 in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
0-n in UniProtKB/TrEMBLA name provided by the submitter of the underlying nucleotide sequence. Full= 1 The full name. EC= 0-n An Enzyme Commission number.
Each name is shown on a separate line; lines may therefore exceed 75 characters.
A block of DE lines may further contain multiple Includes: and/or Contains: sections and a separate field Flags: to indicate whether the protein sequence is a precursor or a fragment:
Field Cardinality Value Includes: 0-n A block of protein names as described in the table above. Contains: 0-n A block of protein names as described in the table above. Flags: 0-1 Precursor and/or Fragment or Fragments
Examples:
P09919:Previous format:
DE Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor precursor (G-CSF) (Pluripoietin) DE (Filgrastim) (Lenograstim).
New format:
DE RecName: Full=Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; DE Short=G-CSF; DE AltName: Full=Pluripoietin; DE AltName: INN=Filgrastim; DE AltName: INN=Lenograstim; DE Flags: Precursor;Q10743:
Previous format:
DE ADAM 10 precursor (EC 3.4.24.81) (A disintegrin and metalloproteinase DE domain 10) (Mammalian disintegrin-metalloprotease) (Kuzbanian protein DE homolog) (CD156c antigen) (Fragment).
New format:
DE RecName: Full=ADAM 10; DE EC=3.4.24.81; DE AltName: Full=A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10; DE AltName: Full=Mammalian disintegrin-metalloprotease; DE AltName: Full=Kuzbanian protein homolog; DE AltName: CD_antigen=CD156c; DE Flags: Precursor; Fragment;Q07908:
Previous format:
DE Arginine biosynthesis bifunctional protein argJ [Includes: Glutamate DE N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.35) (Ornithine acetyltransferase) DE (Ornithine transacetylase) (OATase); Amino-acid acetyltransferase DE (EC 2.3.1.1) (N-acetylglutamate synthase) (AGS)] [Contains: Arginine DE biosynthesis bifunctional protein argJ alpha chain; Arginine DE biosynthesis bifunctional protein argJ beta chain].
New format:
DE RecName: Full=Arginine biosynthesis bifunctional protein argJ; DE Includes: DE RecName: Full=Glutamate N-acetyltransferase; DE EC=2.3.1.35; DE AltName: Full=Ornithine acetyltransferase; DE Short=OATase; DE AltName: Full=Ornithine transacetylase; DE Includes: DE RecName: Full=Amino-acid acetyltransferase; DE EC=2.3.1.1; DE AltName: Full=N-acetylglutamate synthase; DE Short=AGS; DE Contains: DE RecName: Full=Arginine biosynthesis bifunctional protein argJ alpha chain; DE Contains: DE RecName: Full=Arginine biosynthesis bifunctional protein argJ beta chain;
The UniProtKB FASTA headers were unfortunately incompatible with the -o option of the NCBI's program formatdb. We have been working with the NCBI to remedy this and changes were required on both sides. The new version of formatdb now accepts a database code for UniProtKB/TrEMBL, and we have modified our UniProtKB FASTA headers accordingly. For consistency reasons, we also changed the FASTA headers of the other UniProt databases.
>db|UniqueIdentifier|EntryName ProteinName OS=OrganismName[ GN=GeneName]PE=ProteinExistence SV=SequenceVersionWhere:
RecName field from release 14.0 on. For UniProtKB/TrEMBL
entries without a RecName field, the SubName field is used. The 'precursor'
attribute is excluded, 'Fragment' is included with the name if applicable.OrderedLocusName or ORFname,
the GN field is not listed.Examples:
>sp|Q8I6R7|ACN2_ACAGO Acanthoscurrin-2 (Fragment) OS=Acanthoscurria gomesiana GN=acantho2 PE=1 SV=1 >sp|P27748|ACOX_RALEH Acetoin catabolism protein X OS=Ralstonia eutropha (strain ATCC 17699 / H16 / DSM 428 / Stanier 337) GN=acoX PE=4 SV=2 >sp|P04224|HA22_MOUSE H-2 class II histocompatibility antigen, E-K alpha chain OS=Mus musculus PE=1 SV=1 >tr|A3SA23|A3SA23_9RHOB TonB dependent, hydroxamate-type ferrisiderophore, outer membrane receptor OS=Sulfitobacter sp. EE-36 GN=EE36_08023 PE=3 SV=1 >tr|Q8N2H2|Q8N2H2_HUMAN CDNA FLJ90785 fis, clone THYRO1001457, moderately similar to H.sapiens protein kinase C mu OS=Homo sapiens PE=2 SV=1Alternative isoforms (this only applies to UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot):
>sp|IsoID|EntryName Isoform IsoformName of ProteinName OS=OrganismName[ GN=GeneName]Where:
Name field of the UniProtKB entry.Example:
sp|Q4R572-2|1433B_MACFA Isoform Short of 14-3-3 protein beta/alpha OS=Macaca fascicularis GN=YWHAB
>UniqueIdentifier ClusterName n=Members Tax=Taxon RepID=RepresentativeMemberWhere:
Example:
>UniRef100_A5DI11 Elongation factor 2 n=1 Tax=Pichia guilliermondii RepID=EF2_PICGU
>UniqueIdentifier status=StatusWhere:
Example:
>UPI0000000005 status=active
>UniqueIDentifier ProteinName OS=OrganismName[ Pep=SourcePeptideIdentifier]SV=SequenceVersionWhere:
Example:
>MES00000000005 Putative uncharacterized protein GOS_3018412 (Fragment) OS=marine metagenome Pep=JCVI_PEP_1096688850003 SV=1
>db|UniqueIdentifier archived from Release ReleaseNumber ReleaseDate SV=SequenceVersionWhere:
Examples:
"pre-UniProt":>sp|P05067 archived from Release 18.0 01-MAY-1991 SV=3 >tr|Q55167 archived from Release 17.0 01-JUN-2001 SV=1"post-UniProt":
>sp|P05067 archived from Release 9.2/51.2 28-NOV-2006 SV=3 >tr|A0RTJ8 archived from Release 11.0/36.0 29-MAY-2007 SV=1
We have added Chromatophore to the list of valid plastid values in the OG line. The chromatophore is the photosynthetic inclusion found in Paulinella chromatophora, a photosynthetic thecate amoeba. It encodes and houses the machinery necessary for photosynthesis and CO2 fixation; it also has the genetic capacity to synthesize some amino acids, some fatty acids and a few cofactors. It is not yet clear whether the chromatophore derives from the same endosymbiotic event that is thought to have led to all other plastids. The chromatophore genome of P. chromatophora has been sequenced (PubMed:18356055) and been found to be just over 1 Mb, approximately 9 times larger than the average photosynthetic plastid and approximately 1/3 smaller than the smallest cyanobacterial genome.
Example:
OG Plastid; Chromatophore.
Cross-references have been added to The Binding Database. BindingDB is a public, web-accessible database of measured binding affinities, focusing chiefly on the interactions of proteins considered to be drug-targets with small, drug-like molecules.
The Binding Database is available at http://www.bindingdb.org/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation BindingDB Resource identifier UniProtKB accession number. Examples
The target-decoy search strategy, which has become widespread and is recommended in journal guidelines, consists of attaching a decoy database to a forward database and searching MS/MS spectra against this composite database. It is more stringent than a simple search, and allows to compute an estimation of the false discovery rate.
For this strategy to be efficient, the decoy database has to preserve the general composition of the target database while minimizing the peptide sequence overlap between the target and the decoy.
We developed a new algorithm that shuffles proteins and keeps re-shuffling each tryptic peptide until it no longer matches with any peptide from the original database. This method ensures that no tryptic peptide is shared between the target and decoy databases.
Decoy versions of UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL and UniRef100 can now be retrieved in FASTA format from our : public FTP site.
New keywords:
Deleted keywords:
New subcellular locations:
Terms introduced:
Terms for the feature key 'CROSSLNK':
Terms for the feature key 'MOD_RES':
| UniProtKB release 13.6 of 01-Jul-2008 |
|---|
The RX (Reference cross-reference) line is an optional line which is used to indicate cross-references to bibliographic databases. We have introduced cross-references to AGRICOLA, the National Agricultural Library's catalog of citations to agricultural literature. The valid bibliographic database names and their associated identifiers are now:
Name Identifier MEDLINE Eight-digit MEDLINE Unique Identifier (UI) PubMed PubMed Unique Identifier (PMID) DOI Digital Object Identifier (DOI) AGRICOLA AGRICOLA Unique Identifier
Example:
RX AGRICOLA=IND20450567;
New keywords:
| UniProtKB release 13.5 of 10-Jun-2008 |
|---|
Cross-references have been added to the HOGENOM Database of Homologous Genes from Fully Sequenced Organisms. HOGENOM allows to select sets of homologous genes among species, and to visualize multiple alignments and phylogenetic trees. It is as well possible to search for orthologous genes in a wide range of taxons. Thus HOGENOM is particularly useful for comparative sequence analysis, phylogeny and molecular evolution studies. More generaly, HOGENOM gives an overall view of what is known about a particular gene family.
The HOGENOM Database of Homologous Genes from Fully Sequenced Organisms is available at http://pbil.univ-lyon1.fr/databases/hogenom.php.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation HOGENOM Resource identifier UniProtKB accession number. Examples
Cross-references have been added to the HOVERGEN Database of Homologous Vertebrate Genes. HOVERGEN allows one to select sets of homologous genes among vertebrate species, and to visualize multiple alignments and phylogenetic trees. Thus HOVERGEN is particularly useful for comparative sequence analysis, phylogeny and molecular evolution studies. More generaly, HOVERGEN gives an overall view of what is known about a particular gene family.
The HOVERGEN Database of Homologous Vertebrate Genes is available at http://pbil.univ-lyon1.fr/databases/hovergen.php.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation HOVERGEN Resource identifier UniProtKB accession number. Examples
New keywords:
| UniProtKB release 13.4 of 20-May-2008 |
|---|
Cross-references have been added to the Candida Genome Database. CGD is a resource for genomic sequence data and gene and protein information for Candida albicans. CGD is based on the Saccharomyces Genome Database and is funded by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research at the US National Institutes of Health.
The Candida Genome Database is available at http://www.candidagenome.org/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation CGD Resource identifier CGD identifier. Optional information 1 Gene name. Examples
New keywords:
| UniProtKB release 13.3 of 29-Apr-2008 |
|---|
Cross-references have been added to the National Microbial Pathogen Data Resource. NMPDR is a National Institute of Allergy and Infections Disease (NIAID)-funded Bioinformatics Resource Center that supports research in selected Category B pathogens. NMPDR contains the complete genomes of approximately 50 strains of pathogenic bacteria as well as >400 other genomes that provide a broad context for comparative analysis across the three phylogenetic domains. NMPDR integrates complete, public genomes with expertly curated biological subsystems to provide the most consistent genome annotations. Subsystems are sets of functional roles related by a biologically meaningful organizing principle, which are built over large collections of genomes; they provide researchers with consistent functional assignments in a biologically structured context.
The National Microbial Pathogen Data Resource is available at http://www.nmpdr.org/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation NMPDR Resource identifier NMPDR protein identifier. Examples
New keywords:
| UniProtKB release 13.2 of 08-Apr-2008 |
|---|
The document sec_ac.txt, available by ftp lists all secondary accession numbers in UniProtKB (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and UniProtKB/TrEMBL), together with their corresponding current primary accession number(s).
Cross-references to the HIV have been removed.
Cross-references to the TRANSFAC have been removed.
New keywords:
| UniProtKB release 13.1 of 18-Mar-2008 |
|---|
Cross-references have been added to the Protein Mass spectra EXtraction database. ProMEX is a mass spectral library consisting of tryptic peptide product ion spectra generated by liquid chromatography coupled to ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-ITMS) and was developed using samples derived from Arabidopsis thaliana and Medicago truncatula. The database serves as a reference and can be used for protein identification in uncharacterized samples. Protein identification by ProMEX is linked to other molecular levels of biological organization such as metabolite, pathway and transcript data. The database is further connected to annotation and classification services.
The Protein Mass spectra EXtraction database is available at http://promex.mpimp-golm.mpg.de/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation ProMEX Resource identifier UniProtKB accession number. Examples
New keywords:
| UniProtKB release 13.0 of 26-Feb-2008 |
|---|
The non-standard amino acid selenocysteine was annotated with the feature key SE_CYS and represented by the one-letter code 'C' in the sequence. Pyrrolysines were annotated with the more generic feature key MOD_RES and represented by the one-letter code 'K' in the sequence. In order to annotate these and future non-standard amino acids in the same fashion, we replaced the feature key SE_CYS and the MOD_RES feature key used with the description Pyrrolysine with the new feature key NON_STD (non-standard) and the descriptions Selenocysteine and Pyrrolysine, as appropriate. At the same time, we changed the sequence to use the IUPAC/IUBMB recommended one-letter codes 'U' for selenocysteine and 'O' for pyrrolysine.
Previous annotation:
ID BTHD_DROME Reviewed; 249 AA.
..
FT SE_CYS 37 37
..
MPPKRNKKAE APIAERDAGE ELDPNAPVLY VEHCRSCRVF RRRAEELHSA LRERGLQQLQ
*
ID MTBB1_METAC Reviewed; 467 AA.
..
FT MOD_RES 356 356 Pyrrolysine (Probable).
..
RAVNFMKAAV QASPIPCHVD MGMGVGGIPM LETPPVDAVT RASKAMVEVA GVDGIKIGVG
*
New annotation:
ID BTHD_DROME Reviewed; 249 AA.
..
FT NON_STD 37 37 Selenocysteine.
..
MPPKRNKKAE APIAERDAGE ELDPNAPVLY VEHCRSURVF RRRAEELHSA LRERGLQQLQ
*
ID MTBB1_METAC Reviewed; 467 AA.
..
FT NON_STD 356 356 Pyrrolysine (Probable).
..
RAVNFMKAAV QASPIPCHVD MGMGVGGIPM LETPPVDAVT RASKAMVEVA GVDGIOIGVG
*
Cross-references have been added to the Phosphorylation site database. PhosphoSite is an expert-curated knowledgebase of information focused on protein phosphorylation mainly in vertebrates. In addition to phosphorylation sites curated from the literature, large numbers of new unpublished sites discovered by MS/MS analyses are being added regularly.
The Phosphorylation site database is available at http://phosphosite.cellsignal.com/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation PhosphoSite Resource identifier UniProtKB accession number. Examples
Cross-references have been added to the 2D-PAGE Database of Escherichia coli. The 2DBase-Ecoli database currently contains 12 gels consisting of 1185 protein spots information in which 723 proteins where identified and annotated. Individual protein spots in the existing gels can be displayed, queried, analysed and compared in a tabular format based on various functional categories enabling quick and subsequent analysis.
The 2D-PAGE Database of Escherichia coli is available at http://2dbase.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation 2DBase-Ecoli Resource identifier UniProtKB accession number. Examples
New keywords:
New subcellular locations:
Terms introduced:
Terms for the feature key 'MOD_RES':
| UniProtKB release 12.8 of 05-Feb-2008 |
|---|
Cross-references have been added to the public repository of 2D-gel data World-2DPAGE. All 2D gel data to be published in the journal Proteomics needs to be available on the web. The World-2DPAGE repository hosts the data for resources who cannot build and maintain a web interface. There are currently two data sources submitted to World-2DPAGE, which are numbered consecutively:
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation World-2DPAGE Resource identifier Database name and database accession number (usually from UniProtKB), separated by a colon. Examples
In cross-references to Cornea-2DPAGE, DOSAC-COBS-2DPAGE, HSC-2DPAGE, REPRODUCTION-2DPAGE and SWISS-2DPAGE, the optional information field 1 used to be the species origin. The species information has become obsolete/redundant since UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot no longer contains entries describing the same protein from different species (see Release 6.7). We have therefore replaced the species information by "-".
Examples:
Previous format:
DR SWISS-2DPAGE; P04217; HUMAN. DR Cornea-2DPAGE; P04217; HUMAN. DR DOSAC-COBS-2DPAGE; P04217; HUMAN. DR REPRODUCTION-2DPAGE; P04217; HUMAN.
New format:
DR SWISS-2DPAGE; P04217; -. DR Cornea-2DPAGE; P04217; -. DR DOSAC-COBS-2DPAGE; P04217; -. DR REPRODUCTION-2DPAGE; P04217; -.
The document pkinfam.txt, available by ftp and on the Web site, provides the classification of human and mouse protein kinases into subfamilies or subgroups, as developed by Gerard Manning. The classification from Diego Miranda-Saavedra has also been taken into account.
This document contains all the human and mouse protein kinase UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries, subdivided into 10 subfamilies or subgroups. Each gene name is followed by the corresponding human and/or mouse 'UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry name (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot accession number)'.
New keyword:
| UniProtKB release 12.7 of 15-Jan-2008 |
|---|
The UniProt Metagenomic and Environmental Sequences (UniMES) database is a repository specifically developed for metagenomic and environmental data. We now provide UniMES clusters, i.e. clustered sets of sequences, at two resolutions: 100% (unimes_cluster100.fasta) and >90% (unimes_cluster90.fasta). In unimes_cluster100.fasta, identical sequences and subfragments from unimes.fasta are placed into a single cluster. The unimes_cluster90.fasta is built by clustering unimes_cluster100.fasta representative sequences (the longest sequence in a cluster) using the CD-HIT algorithm (Li W., Jaroszewski L., and Godzik A., Bioinformatics, 17: 282-283, 2001) such that each cluster is composed of sequences that have at least 90% sequence identity, to the representative sequence. Only the representative sequences of the clusters are present in these files.
UniMES is available in the subdirectory current_release/unimes of the UniProt ftp servers ftp.uniprot.org/pub/databases/uniprot, ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/uniprot and ftp.expasy.org/databases/uniprot.
The DictyBase database was renamed to dictyBase. We changed the database name in the relevant cross-references (DR lines) accordingly.
Example:
DR dictyBase; DDB0201569; manA.
Cross-references have been added to the PDBsum database. PDBsum provides an overview of every macromolecular structure deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), giving schematic diagrams of the molecules in each structure and of the interactions between them.
The PDBsum database is available at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation PDBsum Resource identifier PDB entry name. Examples
Cross-references have been added to the Invertebrate Vectors of Human Pathogens database. VectorBase is a NIAID Bioinformatics Resource Center for Invertebrate Vectors of Human Pathogens. VectorBase annotates and maintains vector genomes providing an integrated resource for the research community.
The VectorBase database is available at http://www.vectorbase.org/index.php.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation VectorBase Resource identifier VectorBase Gene ID. Optional information 1 Species name. Examples
There are 9 new documents for several Brucella, Rickettsia and Coxiella complete proteomes, listing all the UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries from these proteomes and their corresponding gene designations.
The documents contain, for each relevant UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry, the corresponding ordered locus name, entry name, accession number, sequence length and gene name(s).
New keywords:
Modified keywords:
New subcellular locations:
| UniProtKB release 12.6 of 04-Dec-2007 |
|---|
Deleted keyword:
| UniProtKB release 12.5 of 13-Nov-2007 |
|---|
The ptmlist.txt document, which is available by ftp and on the Web site, describes the post-translational modifications (PTMs) that are annotated in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries in the feature (FT) keys CROSSLNK, LIPID and MOD_RES. The document was in a format that is suitable for computer applications (e.g. ExPASy's proteomics tools) but which was not very human readable. The new file format should improve this.
Previous format:
N,N-dimethylproline MOD_RES P BB Nter C2H4 28.031300 28.06 in e:6446,7586,33682 Methylation FT=MOD_RES%20dimethylproline&wild=1 AA0066 MOD:00075
New format:
ID N,N-dimethylproline AC PTM-0179 FT MOD_RES TG Proline. PA Amino acid backbone. PP N-terminal. CF C2 H4 MM 28.031300 MA 28.06 LC Intracellular localisation. TR Eukaryota; taxId:6446 (Sipunculus nudus), taxId:7586 (Echinodermata), taxId:33682 (Euglenozoa). KW Methylation. DR RESID:AA0066. DR MOD:00075. //
With the following definitions of the line types:
--------- --------------------------- ----------------------
Line code Content Occurrence in an entry
--------- --------------------------- ----------------------
ID Identifier (FT description) Once; starts a PTM entry.
AC Accession (PTM-xxxx) Once.
FT Feature key Once.
TG Target Once; two targets separated
by a dash in case of intrachain
crosslinks.
PA Position of the modified Optional, once.
amino acid
PP Position of the modification Optional, once.
in the polypeptide
CF Correction formula Optional, once.
MM Monoisotopic mass difference Optional, once.
MA Average mass difference Optional, once.
LC Cellular location Optional, once; alternatives
can be proposed.
TR Taxonomic range Optional, once or more.
KW Keyword Optional, once or more.
DR Cross-reference to PTM Optional, once or more.
databases
// Terminator Once; ends an entry.
We added an additional field to the cross-reference (DR line) to the PDB database to show the resolution of structures that were determined by X-ray crystallography or electron microscopy.
For the chain names we use now the remediated data from wwPDB, therefore the chain names have changed for some entries.
Previous format:
DR PDB; ENTRY_NAME; METHOD; CHAIN.
New format:
DR PDB; ENTRY_NAME; METHOD; RESOLUTION; CHAIN.
Examples:
Q20728:DR PDB; 1LPL; X-ray; 1.77 A; A=135-229.Q5HEB7:
DR PDB; 2I8C; X-ray; 2.46 A; A/B=1-356.
A dash indicates that we found no information about the resolution or that the field is not applicable (for NMR structures and theoretical models).
Examples:
P02768:DR PDB; 2ESG; X-ray; -; C=25-609.P12872:
DR PDB; 1LBJ; NMR; -; A=26-47.P0AC41:
DR PDB; 2AD0; Model; -; A=1-588.
Cross-references have been added to the CleanEx database of gene expression profiles. CleanEx is a database which provides access to public gene expression data via unique approved gene symbols and which represents heterogeneous expression data produced by different technologies in a way that facilitates joint analysis and cross-dataset comparisons.
The CleanEx database is available at http://www.cleanex.isb-sib.ch/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation CleanEx Resource identifier Combination of a species code and a gene identifier. Examples
Modified keywords:
| UniProtKB release 12.4 of 23-Oct-2007 |
|---|
The document subcell.txt, available by ftp and on the Web site, lists the controlled vocabularies used in the comment line (CC) topic SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, their definitions and further information such as synonyms or relevant GO terms in the following format:
--------- ------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------
Line code Content Occurrence in an entry
--------- ------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------
ID Identifier (location) Once; starts an entry
IT Identifier (topology) Once; starts a 'topology' entry
IO Identifier (orientation) Once; starts an 'orientation' entry
AC Accession (SL-xxxx) Once
DE Definition Once or more
SY Synonyms Optional; Once or more
SL Content of subc. loc. lines Once
HI Hierarchy ('is-a') Optional; Once or more
HP Hierarchy ('part-of') Optional; Once or more
KW Associated keyword (accession) Optional; Once or more
GO Gene ontology (GO) mapping Optional; Once or more
WW Interesting links or references Optional; Once or more
// Terminator Once; ends an entry
Example:
ID Cyanelle. AC SL-0082 DE A cyanelle is a photosynthetic organelle of glaucocystophyte algae. DE Cyanelles are surrounded by a double membrane and, in between, a DE peptidoglycan wall. Thylakoid membrane architecture and the presence DE of carboxysomes are cyanobacteria-like. Historically, the term DE cyanelle is derived from a classification as endosymbiotic DE cyanobacteria, and thus is not fully correct. SY Muroplast; Cyanoplast. SL Plastid, cyanelle. HI Plastid. KW KW-0194 GO GO:0009842; cyanelle //
We have structured the comment line topic SUBCELLULAR LOCATION in order to improve the consistency of annotation and to allow to parse its content.
The new format of SUBCELLULAR LOCATION is:
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION:(( Molecule:)?( Location\.)+)?( Note=Free_text( Flag)?\.)?Where:
Subcellular_location( Flag)?(; Topology( Flag)?)?(; Orientation( Flag)?)?
\(By similarity|Probable|Potential\)Note: Perl-style multipliers indicate whether a pattern (as delimited by parentheses) is optional (?) or may occur 1 or more times (+). Alternative values are separated by a pipe symbol (|).
Examples:
P32755:CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; CC Peripheral membrane protein. Golgi apparatus membrane; Peripheral CC membrane protein.Q96QV1:
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein CC (By similarity). Secreted (By similarity). Note=The last 22 C- CC terminal amino acids may participate in cell membrane attachment. CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Isoform 2: Cytoplasm (Probable).P35670:
CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network CC membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein (By similarity). CC Note=Predominantly found in the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Not CC redistributed to the plasma membrane in response to elevated CC copper levels. CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Isoform 2: Cytoplasm. CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: WND/140 kDa: Mitochondrion.
EC numbers are used to describe enzyme reactions and are based on the recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB). The EC numbers and the reactions they describe are stored in the ENZYME and IntEnz databases.
In the UniProt Knowledgebase some enzymes are assigned so-called partial EC numbers where part of the numbers are replaced by dashes (e.g. EC 3.4.24.-). This happens in the following situations:
To distinguish these two meanings, we have started to use the letter 'n' with a preliminary number instead of a dash '-' for the latter case. The retrofit of those existing EC numbers of proteins in UniProtKB that catalyze a reaction that is known, but not yet included in the IUBMB EC list will be an ongoing process.
Examples:
The catalytic activity of the protein is not known exactly:
Q9VAC5:DE ADAM 17-like protease precursor (EC 3.4.24.-).
The protein catalyzes a reaction that is known, but not yet included in the IUBMB's EC list:
Q9ES52:DE Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase 1 (EC 3.1.3.n1)
| UniProtKB release 12.3 of 02-Oct-2007 |
|---|
To be consistent with other comment line topics, we have changed the field tags of the topic MASS SPECTROMETRY. At the same time, we have extracted literature references into a new field, Source=, and replaced all molecule descriptions by isoform identifiers.
Previous format:
CC -!- MASS SPECTROMETRY: MW=mass(; MW_ERR=error)?; METHOD=method; RANGE=ranges( (molecule))?; NOTE=(references|free_text (references)).
New format:
CC -!- MASS SPECTROMETRY: Mass=mass(; Mass_error=error)?; Method=method; Range=ranges( (IsoformID))?(; Note=free_text)?; Source=references;
Examples:
P61409:Previous format:
CC -!- MASS SPECTROMETRY: MW=3979.9; METHOD=Electrospray; RANGE=1-31; CC NOTE=Ref.1, Ref.2.
New format:
CC -!- MASS SPECTROMETRY: Mass=3979.9; Method=Electrospray; Range=1-31; CC Source=Ref.1, Ref.2;P04653:
Previous format:
CC -!- MASS SPECTROMETRY: MW=23638.14; MW_ERR=3.0; METHOD=Electrospray; CC RANGE=16-214 (P04653-2; Allele A); NOTE=With eleven phosphate CC groups (Ref.2).
New format:
CC -!- MASS SPECTROMETRY: Mass=23638.14; Mass_error=3.0; Method=Electrospray; CC Range=16-214 (P04653-2); Note=Allele A, with 11 phosphate groups; CC Source=PubMed:7601973;
Note that literature references of the form Ref.n are replaced by PubMed identifiers where this is possible.
Cross-references have been added to the NCBI Reference Sequences database. The Reference Sequence (RefSeq) collection aims to provide a comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant set of sequences, including genomic DNA, transcript (RNA), and protein products for taxonomically diverse organisms including eukaryotes, bacteria, and viruses. RefSeq is a baseline for medical, functional, and diversity studies; they provide a stable reference for genome annotation, gene identification and characterization, mutation and polymorphism analysis, expression studies, and comparative analyses.
The RefSeq database is available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/RefSeq/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation RefSeq Resource identifier RefSeq protein accession ID. Examples
Cross-references have been added to the Database of genes from NCBI RefSeq genomes. Entrez Gene is the NCBI's database for gene-specific information. It does not include all known or predicted genes; instead Entrez Gene focuses on the genomes that have been completely sequenced, that have an active research community to contribute gene-specific information, or that are scheduled for intense sequence analysis. The content of Entrez Gene represents the result of curation and automated integration of data from NCBI's Reference Sequence project (RefSeq), from collaborating model organism databases, and from many other databases available from NCBI. Records are assigned unique, stable and tracked integers as identifiers. The content (nomenclature, map location, gene products and their attributes, markers, phenotypes, and links to citations, sequences, variation details, maps, expression, homologs, protein domains and external databases) is updated as new information becomes available. Entrez Gene is a step forward from NCBI's LocusLink, with both a major increase in taxonomic scope and improved access through the many tools associated with NCBI Entrez.
The GeneID database is available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation GeneID Resource identifier GeneID accession ID. Examples
We changed the name of the documentation file orysa.txt, which is an index of Oryza sativa subsp. japonica (rice) entries and their corresponding gene designations, to rice.txt
| UniProtKB release 12.2 of 11-Sep-2007 |
|---|
To be consistent with other comment line topics, we have changed the topic WEB RESOURCE from
CC -!- WEB RESOURCE: NAME=resource_name(; NOTE=free_text)?; URL="url".to
CC -!- WEB RESOURCE: Name=resource_name(; Note=free_text)?; URL="url";
The dbxref.txt file lists the names and abbreviations and URLs of all databases cross-referenced in the UniProt Knowledgebase. The jourlist.txt file lists the titles and abbreviations of all journals cited in the Swiss-Prot section of the UniProt Knowledgebase. We have added a new field, AC, to assign a stable identifier to each record in these files.
Examples:
dbxref.txt
AC : DB-0022 Abbrev: EMBL Name : EMBL nucleotide sequence database Ref : Nucleic Acids Res. 35:D16-D20(2007); PubMed=17148479; DOI=10.1093/nar/gkl913; LinkTp: Explicit Server: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/embl/ Db_URL: www.ebi.ac.uk/htbin/expasyfetch?%s Cat : Sequence databases
jourlist.txt
AC : JN-1120 Abbrev: J. Mol. Biol. Title : Journal of Molecular Biology ISSN : 0022-2836 e-ISSN: 1089-8638 CODEN : JMOBAK Short : JMB Publis: Elsevier Science Server: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/issn/00222836
| UniProtKB release 12.1 of 21-Aug-2007 |
|---|
We are changing our release cycle from 2 to 3 weeks, i.e. release 12.2 is going to be published on Sep 11th, 2007.
Cross-references to the RZPD-ProtExp have been removed.
| UniProtKB release 12.0 of 24-Jul-2007 |
|---|
Most protein sequences are derived from translations of gene predictions. Some of them exhibit strong sequence similarity to known proteins in closely related species. For other proteins there is experimental evidence, such as Edman sequencing, clear identification by mass spectrometry (MSI), X-ray or NMR structure, detection by antibodies, etc. To indicate these different levels of evidence for the existence of a protein, we have introduced the PE (Protein Existence) line.
Note that the PE line does not describe the accuracy or correctness of a sequence displayed in UniProtKB, but the evidence for the existence of a protein. It may happen that the protein sequence is not entirely accurate, especially for sequences derived from gene predictions from genomic sequences.
The format of the PE line is:
PE Level: Evidence;With the following values:
Example:
PE 1: Evidence at protein level;
The PE line appears between the DR and KW lines of UniProtKB entries.
The format of the RL line for submissions is:
RL Submitted (MMM-YYYY) to DatabaseName.
We have replaced the DatabaseName value Swiss-Prot by UniProtKB. The full list of valid DatabaseName values is now:
New keywords:
Modified keywords:
Deleted keyword:
| UniProtKB release 11.3 of 10-Jul-2007 |
|---|
Cross-references have been added to the PharmGKB database. PharmGKB curates information that establishes knowledge about the relationships among drugs, diseases and genes, including their variations and gene products. It is a repository for genetic, genomic, molecular and cellular phenotype data and clinical information about people who have participated in pharmacogenomics research studies. The data includes, but is not limited to, clinical and basic pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenomic research in the cardiovascular, pulmonary, cancer, pathways, metabolic and transporter domains.
The PharmGKB database is available at http://www.pharmgkb.org/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation PharmGKB Resource identifier PharmGKB accession ID. Example
New keyword:
| UniProtKB release 11.2 of 26-Jun-2007 |
|---|
New keyword:
Modified keywords:
Terms introduced:
Terms for the feature key 'CROSSLNK':
Terms for the feature key 'LIPID':
Terms for the feature key 'MOD_RES':
| UniProtKB release 11.1 of 12-Jun-2007 |
|---|
Cross-references have been added to the PeptideAtlas database. PeptideAtlas is a multi-organism, publicly accessible compendium of peptides that have been identified in a large set of tandem mass spectrometry proteomics experiments. All results of sequence searching have subsequently been processed through PeptideProphet to derive a probability of correct identification for all results in a uniform manner to insure a high quality database. All peptides have been mapped to Ensembl and can be viewed as custom tracks on the Ensembl Genome Browser.
The PeptideAtlas database is available at http://www.peptideatlas.org/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation PeptideAtlas Resource identifier UniProtKB accession number. Example
Cross-references have been added to the Database of Protein Disorder (DisProt). The Database of Protein Disorder (DisProt) is a curated database that provides information about proteins that lack fixed 3D structure in their putatively native states, either in their entirety or in part. DisProt is a collaborative effort between Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics at Indiana University School of Medicine and Center for Information Science and Technology at Temple University.
The DisProt database is available at http://www.disprot.org/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation DisProt Resource identifier DisProt accession number. Example
| UniProtKB release 11.0 of 29-May-2007 |
|---|
We are pleased to announce a new UniProt database. The UniProt Metagenomic and Environmental Sequences (UniMES) database is a repository specifically developed for metagenomic and environmental data. Currently the database contains only data from the Global Ocean Sampling Expedition (GOS). The environmental sample data contained within this database is not present in either the UniProt Knowledgebase or the UniProt Reference Clusters. UniMES is released in FASTA format and to add further value, we have collaborated with the InterPro team to provide a file containing InterPro matches to UniMES.
UniMES is available in the new subdirectory current_release/unimes of the UniProt ftp servers ftp.uniprot.org/pub/databases/uniprot, ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/uniprot and ftp.expasy.org/databases/uniprot.
We have introduced the new CC line topic SEQUENCE CAUTION to describe protein sequence reports that differ from the sequence that is shown in UniProtKB due to conflicts that are not described in FT CONFLICT lines, such as frameshifts, erroneous gene model predictions, etc. This kind of information was before reported in the CC line topic CAUTION together with other warnings that are unrelated to sequence conflicts.
The format of the SEQUENCE CAUTION topic is:
CC -!- SEQUENCE CAUTION:
Sequence=Sequence; Type=Type;[ Positions=Positions;][ Note=Note;]
Where:
These lines are not wrapped and their length may therefore exceed 75 characters.
Examples:
Q93W20:Previous annotation: CC -!- CAUTION: Ref.2 (BAA97015) sequence differs from that shown due to CC erroneous gene model prediction. The predicted gene At5g49940 has CC been split into 2 genes: At5g49940 and At5g49945. New annotation: CC -!- SEQUENCE CAUTION: CC Sequence=BAA97015.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction; Note=The predicted gene At5g49940 has been split into 2 genes: At5g49940 and At5g49945;Q83M39:
Previous annotation: CC -!- CAUTION: Ref.1 and Ref.2 sequences differ from that shown due to a CC stop codon at position 273 which was translated as Gln to extend CC the sequence. New annotation: CC -!- SEQUENCE CAUTION: CC Sequence=AAN42076.1; Type=Erroneous termination; Positions=273; Note=Translated as Gln; CC Sequence=AAP15953.1; Type=Erroneous termination; Positions=273; Note=Translated as Gln;P17814:
Previous annotation: CC -!- CAUTION: Ref.1 (CAA36850) sequence differs from that shown due to CC a frameshift in position 496. CC -!- CAUTION: Ref.1 (CAA36850) sequence differs from that shown due to CC erroneous gene model prediction. New annotation: CC -!- SEQUENCE CAUTION: CC Sequence=CAA36850.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction; CC Sequence=CAA36850.1; Type=Frameshift; Positions=496;P0A7B3:
Previous annotation: CC -!- CAUTION: Ref.4 (X07863) sequence differs from that shown due to CC several frameshifts. CC -!- CAUTION: Ref.5 (Y00357) sequence differs from that shown due to CC frameshifts in positions 204, 215 and 282. New annotation: CC -!- SEQUENCE CAUTION: CC Sequence=X07863; Type=Frameshift; Positions=Several; CC Sequence=Y00357; Type=Frameshift; Positions=204, 215, 282;P27612:
Previous annotation: CC -!- CAUTION: Ref.2 (AAA39943) sequence differs from that shown due to CC frameshifts in positions 4, 32, and 42. CC -!- CAUTION: Ref.2 (AAA39943) sequence differs from that shown due to CC contaminating sequence. CC -!- CAUTION: Ref.3 sequence differs from that shown due to a CC frameshift in position 697. Current annotation: CC -!- SEQUENCE CAUTION: CC Sequence=AAA39943.1; Type=Miscellaneous discrepancy; Note=Several frameshifts and contaminating sequence; CC Sequence=Ref.3; Type=Frameshift; Positions=697;
From now on, the CC line topic SUBCELLULAR LOCATION may occur more than once per entry.
Cross-references have been added to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Community Annotation Project database. This database provides genome annotation of P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 and of other Pseudomonas species, acting as a valuable comparative resource for P. aeruginosa research, as well as being useful for the larger Pseudomonas research community. Over the coming year this database will be further enhanced toward more focus on comparative analysis of P. aeruginosa isolates and more specific information about putative drug and vaccine targets.
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa Community Annotation Project database is available at http://www.pseudomonas.com/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation PseudoCAP Resource identifier Ordered locus name. Example
Cross-references have been added to the Orphanet database. This database is dedicated to information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. It aims to improve management and treatment of genetic, auto-immune or infectious rare diseases, rare cancers, or not yet classified rare diseases. ORPHANET offers services adapted to the needs of patients and their families, health professionals and researchers, support groups and industry.
The Orphanet database is available at http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/home.php?Lng=GB.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation Orphanet Resource identifier Orphanet unique disease identifier. Optional information 1 Name of the disease. Example
New keyword:
| UniProtKB release 10.4 of 01-May-2007 |
|---|
Modified keyword:
| UniProtKB release 10.2 of 03-Apr-2007 |
|---|
Cross-references have been added to the Mycobacterium ulcerans genome database. This database is dedicated to the analysis of the genome of Mycobacterium ulcerans, the Buruli ulcer bacillus: BuruList. BuruList provides a complete dataset of DNA and protein sequences derived from the epidemic strain Agy99, linked to the relevant annotations and functional assignments. It allows one to easily browse through these data and retrieve information, using various criteria (gene names, location, keywords, etc.).
The Mycobacterium ulcerans genome database is available at http://genolist.pasteur.fr/BuruList/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation BuruList Resource identifier Ordered locus name. Example
New keyword:
| UniProtKB release 10.0 of 06-Mar-2007 |
|---|
The dbxref.txt file lists the names and abbreviations and URLs of all databases cross-referenced in the UniProt Knowledgebase. We have added a new optional field, "Ref". This field contains the database reference in the following format:
Ref : Journal_abbrev Volume:First_page-Last_page(YYYY); [PubMed=Pubmed_identifier; ][DOI=Digital_object_identifier;]
Example:
Abbrev: PROSITE Name : PROSITE; a protein domain and family database Ref : Nucleic Acids Res. 34:D227-D230(2006); PubMed=16381852; DOI=10.1093/nar/gkj063; LinkTp: Explicit Server: http://www.expasy.org/prosite/ Db_URL: www.expasy.org/cgi-bin/get-prosite-raw.pl?%s Cat : Family and domain databases
New keyword:
| UniProtKB release 9.7 of 20-Feb-2007 |
|---|
Cross-references have been added to the MIPS Comprehensive Yeast Genome Database. This database aims to present information on the molecular structure and functional network of the entirely sequenced, well-studied model eukaryote, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition the data of various projects on related yeasts are used for comparative analysis.
The CYGD is available at http://mips.gsf.de/genre/proj/yeast.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation CYGD Resource identifier Ordered locus name. Example
We added the value Viral_cRNA to the controlled vocabulary of the field MoleculeType of the cross-references to the EMBL nucleotide sequence database. The format of the DR EMBL line is:
DR EMBL; AccessionNumber; ProteinID; StatusIdentifier; MoleculeType.
The controlled vocabulary of the field MoleculeType is:
New keyword:
| UniProtKB release 9.6 of 06-Feb-2007 |
|---|
Cross-references have been added to the Human Cornea 2-DE database, a two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis federated database available at the Aarhus University (Denmark).
The Cornea-2DPAGE is available at http://www.cornea-proteomics.com/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation Cornea-2DPAGE Resource identifier UniProtKB accession number. Optional information 1 Organism common name. Example
Cross-references have been added to the DOSAC-COBS 2D Page, a two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis federated database available at the DOSAC and COBS genome and proteome laboratory (La Maddalena, Italy).
The DOSAC-COBS-2DPAGE is available at http://www.dosac.unipa.it/2d/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation DOSAC-COBS-2DPAGE Resource identifier UniProtKB accession number. Optional information 1 Organism common name. Example
Cross-references have been added to the REPRODUCTION-2DPAGE, a two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis database available at the laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, P. R. China.
The REPRODUCTION-2DPAGE is available at http://reprod.njmu.edu.cn/cgi-bin/2d/2d.cgi.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation REPRODUCTION-2DPAGE Resource identifier UniProtKB accession number. Optional information 1 Organism common name. Example
| UniProtKB release 9.5 of 23-Jan-2007 |
|---|
The feature key INIT_MET indicates that there is experimental evidence that the initiator methionine has been cleaved off. In the past, the initiator methionine was not included in the sequence of an UniProtKB entry in such a case and the INIT_MET sequence coordinates were therefore 0.
Example:
FT INIT_MET 0 0
FT CHAIN 1 104 Cytochrome c.
FT /FTId=PRO_0000108218.
..
SQ SEQUENCE 104 AA; 11618 MW; D47C9B513DF1C5C2 CRC64;
GDVEKGKKIF IMKCSQCHTV EKGGKHKTGP NLHGLFGRKT GQAPGYSYTA ANKNKGIIWG
EDTLMEYLEN PKKYIPGTKM IFVGIKKKEE RADLIAYLKK ATNE
//
We have added back the initiator methionine to such protein sequences and changed the sequence coordinates of the feature key INIT_MET accordingly to 1.
Example:
FT INIT_MET 1 1
FT CHAIN 2 105 Cytochrome c.
FT /FTId=PRO_0000108218.
..
SQ SEQUENCE 105 AA; 11749 MW; 8EE9689E0102506B CRC64;
MGDVEKGKKI FIMKCSQCHT VEKGGKHKTG PNLHGLFGRK TGQAPGYSYT AANKNKGIIW
GEDTLMEYLE NPKKYIPGTK MIFVGIKKKE ERADLIAYLK KATNE
//
| UniProtKB release 9.4 of 09-Jan-2007 |
|---|
We changed the resource abbreviation for the Maize Genetics and Genomics Database MaizeGDB from MaizeDB to MaizeGDB.
Example:
DR MaizeDB; 58111; -.
has changed to
DR MaizeGDB; 58111; -.
New keyword:
| UniProtKB release 9.3 of 12-Dec-2006 |
|---|
The document protspot.txt, available by ftp and on the Web site, lists the Protein Spotlight articles and cited UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.
This document contains, for each Protein Spotlight article, the corresponding entries cited in that article. Protein Spotlight (ISSN 1424-4721) is a monthly review written by the Swiss-Prot team of the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Spotlight articles describe a specific protein or family of proteins on an informal tone. Protein Spotlight is available at: http://www.expasy.org/spotlight/.
Cross-references have been added to the Database of interacting proteins. The DIP database catalogs experimentally determined interactions between proteins. It combines information from a variety of sources to create a single, consistent set of protein-protein interactions. The data stored within the DIP database were curated, both, manually by expert curators and also automatically using computational approaches that utilize the the knowledge about the protein-protein interaction networks extracted from the most reliable, core subset of the DIP data.
The DIP is available at http://dip.doe-mbi.ucla.edu/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation DIP Resource identifier DIP accession number. Examples
The resource identifier of the cross-references to the Reactome database has been modified. The resource identifier was a Reactome unique identifier for a protein, which was identical to the Swiss-Prot primary AC number of that protein. Now it is a stable Reactome identifier. In addition, the pathway name is given as an optional information field.
Resource identifier Reactome identifier. Optional information 1 Pathway name. Examples
The resource identifier of the cross-references to the GermOnline database has been modified. The resource identifier was a GermOnline identifier for a gene. Now it is a gene identifier from any source, e.g. Ensembl or model organism database. In addition, the organism name is is given as an optional information field.
Resource identifier Gene identifier from any source, e.g. Ensembl or model organism database. Optional information 1 Organism name. Examples
New keywords:
Modified keyword:
| UniProtKB release 9.2 of 28-Nov-2006 |
|---|
Cross-references have been added to the Gene3D Structural and Functional Annotation of Protein Families database. Gene3D database provides a combined structural, functional and evolutionary view of the protein world. It is focussed on providing structural annotation for protein sequences without structural representatives--including the complete proteome sets of over 240 different species. The protein sequences have also been clustered into whole-chain families so as to aid functional prediction. The structural annotation is generated using HMM models based on the CATH domain families; CATH is a repository for manually deduced protein domains.
The Gene3D is available at http://cathwww.biochem.ucl.ac.uk:8080/Gene3D/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation Gene3D Resource identifier Gene3D identifier. Optional information 1 Gene3D entry name Examples
New keyword:
| UniProtKB release 9.1 of 14-Nov-2006 |
|---|
Before release 9.1, UniProtKB accession numbers consisted of 6 alphanumerical characters in the following format:
1 2 3 4 5 6 [O,P,Q] [0-9] [A-Z, 0-9] [A-Z, 0-9] [A-Z, 0-9] [0-9]
Due to the large increase in the number of protein sequences in UniProtKB, we had to extend the existing accession number format by allowing the first character to be any of the 26 letters (instead of only O, P and Q). To avoid assigning accession numbers identical to those which have been used by the International Nucleotide Sequence Database, the extension in the first position goes along with a restriction in the third position which can only be a letter. The new format for UniProtKB accession numbers is therefore:
1 2 3 4 5 6 [A-N,R-Z] [0-9] [A-Z] [A-Z, 0-9] [A-Z, 0-9] [0-9] [O,P,Q] [0-9] [A-Z, 0-9] [A-Z, 0-9] [A-Z, 0-9] [0-9]
Cross-references have been added to the DrugBank database. The DrugBank database is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. sequence, structure, and pathway) information. The database contains many drug entries including FDA-approved small molecule drugs, FDA-approved biotech (protein/peptide) drugs, nutraceuticals and experimental drugs. Additionally, protein (i.e. drug target) sequences are linked to these drug entries. Each DrugCard entry contains more than 80 data fields with half of the information being devoted to drug/chemical data and the other half devoted to drug target or protein data.
The DrugBank database is available at http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/drugbank/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation DrugBank Resource identifier DrugBank accession number. Optional information 1 Drug generic name. Example
Cross-references have been added to the European Hepatitis C Virus database. The development of the European Hepatitis C Virus database (euHCVdb) started in 1999 as the French HCV Database. The euHCVdb is mainly oriented towards protein sequence, structure and function analyses and structural biology of HCV.
The European Hepatitis C Virus database is available at http://euhcvdb.ibcp.fr/euHCVdb/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation euHCVdb Resource identifier EMBL Accession number. Examples
Explicit links are present in the FT VARIANT lines of protein sequence entries of Hominidae to the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism database (dbSNP). We will prefix dbSNP identifiers in human FT VARIANT lines by "rs". NCBI/dbSNP has rs and ss numbers, but we only refer to SNPs with rs numbers.
Examples:
P08185: FT VARIANT 246 246 S -> A (in dbSNP:rs2228541). FT /FTId=VAR_024350.
P06307: FT VARIANT 32 32 G -> E (in dbSNP:rs11571848). FT /FTId=VAR_018818. FT VARIANT 95 95 R -> W (in dbSNP:rs3774395). FT /FTId=VAR_024452.
| UniProtKB release 9.0 of 31-Oct-2006 |
|---|
The format of the ID line was:
ID EntryName DataClass; MoleculeType; SequenceLength.
We have changed the values of the DataClass field as described in this table:
Old DataClass New DataClass Description STANDARD Reviewed Entries that have been manually reviewed and annotated by UniProtKB curators (Swiss-Prot section of the UniProt Knowledgebase). PRELIMINARY Unreviewed Computer-annotated entries that have not been reviewed by UniProtKB curators (TrEMBL section of the UniProt Knowledgebase).
We have also dropped the field MoleculeType, which was a legacy of compatibility with the EMBL flat file format. The new format of the ID line is:
ID EntryName DataClass; SequenceLength.
Examples:
ID CYC_PIG Reviewed; 104 AA.
ID Q3ASY8_CHLCH Unreviewed; 36805 AA.
We have standardized the FASTA header line of UniProtKB and UniRef entries in the following way:
>UniqueIdentifier|EntryName ProteinName - OrganismName
Examples:
>P24856|ANP_NOTCO Ice-structuring glycoprotein (Fragment) - Notothenia coriiceps neglecta >P51650-1|SSDH_RAT Succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase - Rattus norvegicus
>UniqueIdentifier Cluster: ClusterName; n=Members; Taxon|Rep: ProteinName - OrganismName
Example:
>UniRef50_P24856 Cluster: Ice-structuring glycoprotein (Fragment); n=15; Holacanthopterygii|Rep: Ice-structuring glycoprotein (Fragment) - Notothenia coriiceps neglecta
Cross-references have been added to the Human Protein Atlas. The Human Protein Atlas shows the expression and localization of proteins in a large variety of normal human tissues and cancer cells. The data is presented as high resolution images representing immunohistochemically stained tissue sections. Each antibody in the database has been used for immunohistochemical staining of both normal and cancer tissue. The immunohistochemical protocols used result in a brown-black staining, localized where an antibody has bound to its corresponding antigen.
The Human Protein Atlas is available at http://www.proteinatlas.org/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation HPA Resource identifier Antibody identifier. Examples
The last field of the cross-references to the Gene Ontology (GO) database has been modified. This field displays the GO evidence code and we have appended to this the source database from which the cross-reference was obtained, separated by a colon.
Examples
New keyword:
| UniProtKB release 8.9 of 17-Oct-2006 |
|---|
Modified keywords:
Deleted keyword:
| UniProtKB release 8.7 of 19-Sep-2006 |
|---|
Cross-references have been added to the KEGG database. KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes is part of the research projects of the Kanehisa Laboratories in the Bioinformatics Center of Kyoto University and the Human Genome Center of the University of Tokyo. The aim of this bioinformatics resource is to provide as far as possible a complete computer representation of the cell, the organism, and the biosphere, which will enable computational prediction of higher-level complexity of cellular processes and organism behaviors from genomic and molecular information.
The KEGG database is available at http://www.genome.jp/kegg/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation KEGG Resource identifier KEGG's organism code for the genome and gene number, separated by a colon. Examples
| UniProtKB release 8.6 of 05-Sep-2006 |
|---|
Cross-references have been added to the ArrayExpress , a public repository database for microarray gene expression data. The ArrayExpress Data Warehouse stores gene-indexed expression profiles from a curated subset of experiments in the repository.
The ArrayExpress database is available at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation ArrayExpress Resource identifier UniProtKB primary AC. Example
Cross-references have been added to the PeroxiBase, a database which centralizes most of the peroxidase superfamilies encoding sequences, to follow the evolution of peroxidase among living organism and to compile the information concerning putative functions and transcription regulation.
The PeroxiBase database is available at http://peroxidase.isb-sib.ch/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation PeroxiBase Resource identifier PeroxiBase accession number. Optional information 1 PeroxiBase entry name Example
New keyword:
Terms introduced:
Terms for the feature key 'CROSSLNK':
Terms for the feature key 'LIPID':
Terms for the feature key 'MOD_RES':
| UniProtKB release 8.4 of 25-Jul-2006 |
|---|
The qualifier 'LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS' was added in RP lines for references that report large screen results to indicate that results have not been extensively studied.
P33304: RP PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-22, AND MASS RP SPECTROMETRY.
| UniProtKB release 8.3 of 11-Jul-2006 |
|---|
Deleted keyword:
| UniProtKB release 8.2 of 27-June-2006 |
|---|
The document orysa.txt, available by ftp and on the Web site, lists all the Oryza sativa (rice) entries of UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
This document contains, for each individual UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot rice entry, the corresponding chromosome locus, the UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot accession number, the UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry name, the description and the gene name(s).
Modified keyword:
| UniProtKB release 8.1 of 13-Jun-2006 |
|---|
The document nameprot.txt, available by ftp and on the Web site, lists a number of rules for naming proteins. UniProt is constantly striving to further standardize the nomenclature for a given protein across related organisms. In this context, we try to use these rules to attribute a recommended name to all the proteins of UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. We also we hope that authors/laboratories will follow as much as possible these rules for naming new proteins.
Cross-references have been added to the RZPD-ProtExp. RZPD Deutsches Ressourcenzentrum fuer Genomforschung is a non-profit service center for genomics and proteomics research. We introduced a new cross-reference to the RZPD "Full ORF Clones" product, which is a collection of validated ORF protein expression clones containing the complete coding sequences for genes.
The RZPD-ProtExp database is available at http://www.rzpd.de/products/orfclones/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation RZPD-ProtExp Resource identifier Clone name. Examples
New keyword:
Deleted keyword:
| UniProtKB release 8.0 of 30-May-2006 |
|---|
Pre-translational events have so far been represented by several feature keys, e.g. alternative splicing and promoter usage were annotated with the VARSPLIC feature key, alternative initiation with the INIT_MET feature key and RNA editing with the VARIANT feature key. In order to improve the consistency of annotation of pre- and co-translational events, we have removed the feature key VARSPLIC and introduced the new feature key VAR_SEQ for the description of alternative splicing, alternative promoter usage, alternative initiation and ribosomal frameshifting. The INIT_MET feature key remains, but its usage is now restricted to the annotation of initiator methionine cleavage. We will continue to use the VARIANT feature key and the comment line topic RNA EDITING to describe RNA editing.
In order to improve the consistency of annotation of pre- and co-translational events, we have modified the syntax of the comment line topic ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS. This modification allows programs to reconstruct alternative sequences according to the corresponding feature identifiers not only for alternative splicing events, as with the old syntax, but also for alternative promoter usage and alternative initiation events.
The new format of ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS is:
CC -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: CC Event=Event(, Event)*; Named isoforms=Number_of_isoforms; (CC Comment=Free_text;)? (CC Name=Isoform_name;( Synonyms=Synonym(, Synonym)*;)? CC IsoId=Isoform_identifier(, Isoform_identifer)*; CC Sequence=(Displayed|External|Not described|Feature_identifier(, Feature_identifier)*); (CC Note=Free_text;)?)+
Note: Variable values are represented in italics. Perl-style multipliers indicate whether a pattern (as delimited by parentheses) is optional (?), may occur 0 or more times (*), or 1 or more times (+). Alternative values are separated by a pipe symbol (|).
The "Event" item lists one or a combination of the following values:
The "Note" item may specify the event(s), if there are several.
Example:
CC -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: CC Event=Alternative splicing, Alternative initiation; Named isoforms=3; CC Comment=Isoform 1 and isoform 2 arise due to the use of two CC alternative first exons joined to a common exon 2 at the same CC acceptor site but in different reading frames, resulting in two CC completely different isoforms; CC Name=1; Synonyms=p16INK4a; CC IsoId=O77617-1; Sequence=Displayed; CC Name=3; CC IsoId=O77617-2; Sequence=VSP_004099; CC Note=Produced by alternative initiation at Met-35 of isoform 1; CC Name=2; Synonyms=p19ARF; CC IsoId=O77618-1; Sequence=External; .. FT VAR_SEQ 1 34 Missing (in isoform 3). FT /FTId=VSP_004099.
We have replaced the CC line topic DATABASE by WEB RESOURCE to clarify the conceptual difference between the content of these lines and the DR (Database cross-Reference) lines. At the same time we have simplified the format by suppressing the 'FTP=' field, which is no longer in use.
The format of the DATABASE topic was:
CC -!- DATABASE: NAME=ResourceName[; NOTE=FreeText][; WWW=WWWAddress][; FTP=FTPAddress].
The format of the WEB RESOURCE topic is:
CC -!- WEB RESOURCE: NAME=ResourceName[; NOTE=FreeText]; URL=WWWAddress.
The length of these lines may exceed 75 characters because long URL addresses are not wrapped into multiple lines.
A virus is a living organism only if we consider it associated with its host. The viral taxonomy is arbitrarily based on the nature of viral genomes, and viruses of the same family can infect a wide range of hosts. There are numerous virus-host interactions, which we intend to annotate. We have therefore introduced to viral UniProtKB entries a new line type, the OH line, to indicate the host(s) either as a specific organism or taxonomic group of organisms.
The format of the OH line is:
OH NCBI_TaxID=TaxID; HostName.The HostName consists of the official name and, optionally, a common name and/or synonym. The length of an OH line may exceed 75 characters.
Example:
OS Tomato black ring virus (strain E) (TBRV). OC Viruses; ssRNA positive-strand viruses, no DNA stage; Comoviridae; OC Nepovirus; Subgroup B. OX NCBI_TaxID=12277; OH NCBI_TaxID=4681; Allium porrum (Leek). OH NCBI_TaxID=4045; Apium graveolens (Celery). OH NCBI_TaxID=161934; Beta vulgaris (Sugar beet). OH NCBI_TaxID=38871; Fraxinus (ash trees). OH NCBI_TaxID=4236; Lactuca sativa (Garden lettuce). OH NCBI_TaxID=4081; Lycopersicon esculentum (Tomato). OH NCBI_TaxID=39639; Narcissus pseudonarcissus (Daffodil). OH NCBI_TaxID=3885; Phaseolus vulgaris (Kidney bean) (French bean). OH NCBI_TaxID=35938; Robinia pseudoacacia (Black locust). OH NCBI_TaxID=23216; Rubus (bramble). OH NCBI_TaxID=4113; Solanum tuberosum (Potato). OH NCBI_TaxID=13305; Tulipa. OH NCBI_TaxID=3603; Vitis.
| UniProtKB release 7.7 of 16-May-2006 |
|---|
The document scorpktx.txt, available by ftp and on the Web site, lists the potassium-channel-specific scorpion toxins known to date, according to the nomenclature system first described in 1999 by Tytgat et al. [1] and extended in de la Vega et al. [2].
[1] PubMed=10542442; Tytgat J., Chandy K.G., Garcia M.L., Gutman G.A., Martin-Eauclaire M.F., van der Walt J.J., Possani L.D. A unified nomenclature for short-chain peptides isolated from scorpion venoms: alpha-KTx molecular subfamilies. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 20:444-447(1999). [2] PubMed=15208019; DOI=10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.03.022; Rodriguez de la Vega R.C., Possani L.D.; Current views on scorpion toxins specific for K+-channels. Toxicon 43:865-875(2004).
This document contains, for each individual UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot scorpion potassium channel toxin, the UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot accession number, the UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry name, the systematic name, together with other scorpion potassium channel toxin names.
New keywords:
| UniProtKB release 7.6 of 02-May-2006 |
|---|
New keyword:
| UniProtKB release 7.5 of 18-Apr-2006 |
|---|
Each term in the list has an accession number and optionally further relevant information such as synonyms and mappings to eVOC terms. eVOC contains four ontologies - Anatomical system, Cell type, Developmental stage, Pathology - which provide appropriate sets of detailed terms that describe the sample source of human experimental material such as cDNA and SAGE libraries.
The file contains the following line types:
--------- --------------------------- ---------------------- Line code Content Occurrence in an entry --------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ID Identifier (tissue) Once; starts an entry AC Accession (TS-xxxx) Once SY Synonyms Optional; Once or more DR eVOC ontologies (eVOC) mapping Optional; Once or more // Terminator Once; ends an entry
Examples:
ID Embryonic lung fibroblast. AC TS-0254 DR eVoc; 0100042; anatomical-system: lung. DR eVoc; 0200032; cell-type: fibroblast. DR eVoc; 0300001; development-stage: embryo. // ID Mammary tumor. AC TS-0597 SY Breast tumor; Mammary gland tumor; Mammary tumour. DR eVoc; 0100124; anatomical-system: breast. DR eVoc; 0400051; pathology: tumour. //
Modified keyword:
| UniProtKB release 7.4 of 04-Apr-2006 |
|---|
Cross-references have been added to the UniGene, a sequence database which provides the automatic partition of GenBank sequences into a non-redundant set of gene-oriented clusters. Each UniGene cluster contains sequences that represent a unique gene, as well as related information such as the tissue types in which the gene has been expressed and map location.
The UniGene database is available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=UniGene.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation UniGene Resource identifier UniGene cluster identifier, which consists of a 2-letter species code followed by a period and several digits. Examples
| UniProtKB release 7.2 of 07-Mar-2006 |
|---|
Cross-references have been added to the GenomeReviews, a genome annotation database which provides up-to-date, standardised and comprehensively annotated view of the genomic sequence of organisms with completely deciphered genomes.
The GenomeReviews database is available at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/GenomeReviews/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation GenomeReviews Resource identifier GenomeReviews accession number. Optional information 1 Ordered locus name, or, if it does not exist, gene name. Examples
New keyword:
Modified keyword:
| UniProtKB release 7.1 of 21-Feb-2006 |
|---|
The introduction of more exact sequence and entry modification dates allowed us to introduce a new service: the UniProtKB Sequence/Annotation Version Database (UniSave) is a comprehensive archive of UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and UniProtKB/TrEMBL entry versions. Unlike the UniProt Knowledgebase, which contains only the latest Swiss-Prot and TrEMBL entry and sequence versions, the UniProtKB Sequence/Annotation Version Database provides access to all versions of these entries. This allows to track sequence changes, to find out when a given annotation appeared in an entry and how it evolved. All archived entry versions are available through the UniProtKB Sequence/Annotation Version Database in flat file and fasta format. Any two given entry versions can be compared to each other.
New keyword:
| UniProtKB release 7.0 of 07-Feb-2006 |
|---|
We changed from showing only the dates corresponding to full UniProtKB releases in the DT lines to displaying the date of the biweekly release at which an entry is integrated or updated. We dropped the information concerning the release number and introduced entry and sequence version numbers in the DT lines.
The new format of the three DT lines is:
DT DD-MMM-YYYY, integrated into UniProtKB/database_name. DT DD-MMM-YYYY, sequence version version_number. DT DD-MMM-YYYY, entry version version_number.
Example for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:
DT 01-JAN-1998, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 15-OCT-2001, sequence version 3. DT 01-APR-2004, entry version 14.
Example for UniProtKB/TrEMBL:
DT 01-FEB-1999, integrated into UniProtKB/TrEMBL. DT 15-OCT-2000, sequence version 2. DT 15-DEC-2004, entry version 5.
The sequence version number of an entry is incremented by one when its amino acid sequence is modified. The entry version number is incremented by one whenever any data in the flat file representation of the entry is modified.
We retrofitted the entry and sequence version numbers, as well as all dates, using archived UniProtKB releases.
The feature key CHAIN was previously only used to describe processed protein sequences. Now we added, in the UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot database, a "FT CHAIN" to all the entries having neither a "FT CHAIN" nor a "FT PEPTIDE". This led to the addition of a "FT CHAIN", covering the full length of the sequence, to more than 170 000 entries. In this way, in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, all the mature proteins will be described in the feature lines.
The controlled vocabulary for the post-translational modifications (PTMs) that are annotated in the UniProtKB feature table has moved from the UniProtKB User Manual to a separate document, ptmlist.txt, that is available by ftp and on the Web site.
The document contains, for each individual modification, the controlled vocabulary term and its associated feature key, and additional information, such as the amino acid that can be modified and the mass difference, the position on the protein sequence, the taxonomic distribution, the protein location, associated keyword(s), as well as links to the UniProtKB entries that contain the annotation, and to the corresponding entry in the RESID Database of Protein Modifications.
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Cross-references have been added to the Prokaryotic Protein Phosphatase Database, a database which provides information concerning prokaryotic and archaeal phosphatases for which experimental evidence exists demonstrating phosphatase activity. The Prokaryotic Protein Phosphatase Database is available at http://vigen.biochem.vt.edu/p3d/p3d.htm.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation PptaseDB Resource identifier PptaseDB unique phosphatase identifier. Example
Cross-references have been added to BioCyc, a collection of Pathway/Genome Databases. Each Pathway/Genome Database describes the genome and metabolic pathways of a single organism, with the exception of the MetaCyc database, which is a reference source on metabolic pathways from many organisms. BioCyc is available at http://www.biocyc.org/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation BioCyc Resource identifier BioCyc database code and identifier, separated by a colon. Examples
| UniProtKB release 6.9 of 24-Jan-2006 |
|---|
Various MIM cross-references can be present in a single UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot human entry. They were annotated in the DR lines according to a format that does not distinguish between MIM entries describing a gene and MIM entries describing a phenotype:
DR MIM; 608463; -.
We added a field to the DR MIM line to allow users and programs to distinguish between MIM "gene" and "phenotype" entries.
The new format of the DR MIM line is:
DR MIM; MIM_identifier; token.
Where token is one of the following values:
Examples:
DR MIM; 608463; gene. DR MIM; 603813; phenotype. DR MIM; 124080; gene+phenotype.
Deleted keywords:
| UniProtKB release 6.8 of 10-Jan-2006 |
|---|
The dbxref.txt file lists the names and abbreviations and URLs of all databases cross-referenced in the UniProt Knowledgebase. We have added a new mandatory field, "Cat". This field contains the database category, and will allow us to display cross-references in our entry view in a more user-friendly and explicit manner.
Currently used categories are:Example:
Abbrev: EcoGene Name : Escherichia coli strain K12 genome database LinkTp: Explicit Server: http://www.ecogene.org/ Db_URL: www.ecogene.org/geneInfo.php?eg_id=%s Cat : Organism-specific gene databases
Modified keywords:
Deleted keywords:
| UniProtKB release 6.7 of 20-Dec-2005 |
|---|
Modified keyword:
Deleted keywords:
New terms for the feature key 'CROSSLNK':
New terms for the feature key 'MOD_RES':
| UniProtKB release 6.5 of 22-Nov-2005 |
|---|
--------- --------------------------- ---------------------- Line code Content Occurrence in an entry --------- --------------------------- ---------------------- IC Identifier (category) Once; starts a category entry AC Accession (KW-xxxx) Once DE Definition Once or moreExample:
IC Biological process. AC KW-9999 DE Keywords assigned to proteins because they are involved in a DE particular biological process. //
HI Category: Keyword_1; ...; Keyword_n; Described_Keyword.The first term listed in an HI line is a category. It is followed by a hierarchical list of keywords of that category and ends with the described keyword. There can be more than one HI line of the same category in one keyword entry. Example:
HI Molecular function: Ionic channel; Calcium channel. HI Biological process: Transport; Ion transport; Calcium transport; Calcium channel. HI Ligand: Calcium; Calcium channel.
New keywords:
| UniProtKB release 6.4 of 8-Nov-2005 |
|---|
Cross-references have been added to LinkHub, a database providing links to different genomics and protein resources. LinkHub is available at http://hub.gersteinlab.org/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation LinkHub Resource identifier UniProtKB primary AC. Example
| UniProtKB release 6.3 of 25-Oct-2005 |
|---|
New keywords:
Deleted keyword:
| UniProtKB release 6.2 of 11-Oct-2005 |
|---|
In the cross-references to the EMBL nucleotide sequence database the term pre-RNA has been added as a valid value for the optional information field 3 (MOLECULE_TYPE).
The format of the DR EMBL line is:
DR EMBL; ACCESSION_NUMBER; PROTEIN_ID; STATUS_IDENTIFIER; MOLECULE_TYPE.
The controlled vocabulary of the MOLECULE_TYPE now consists of:
Cross-references to the Maize-2DPAGE have been removed.
| UniProtKB release 6.1 of 27-Sep-2005 |
|---|
The feature key METAL describes the binding of metal ions. More than 1 metal ion could be listed in the description field, when more than one ion binds to the same sequence residue. We have now restricted the annotation to only 1 metal ion per FT METAL line. Example:
FT METAL 61 61 Copper and zinc.
became:
FT METAL 61 61 Copper. FT METAL 61 61 Zinc.
| UniProtKB release 6.0 of 13-Sep-2005 |
|---|
We changed the format of the OG Chloroplast and Cyanelle lines, to be able to indicate more precisely the kind of plastid organelle. So far we defined the following lines:
OG Plastid. OG Plastid; Apicoplast. OG Plastid; Chloroplast. OG Plastid; Cyanelle. OG Plastid; Non-photosynthetic plastid.
The line "OG Plastid" is used when the type of plastid - from which the gene coding for a protein originates - is unknown. This will be the case for most TrEMBL entries.
The line "OG Plastid; Apicoplast" is used for plastid-type organelles from the apicocomplexan parasites. These plastids are not photosynthetic, and encode a different suite of proteins than do photosynthetic organisms.
The line "OG Plastid; Chloroplast" is used for plastids from all organisms able to perform photosynthesis except the glaucophyte algae (see next).
The line "OG Plastid; Cyanelle" is used for plastids from the glaucophyte algae.
The line "OG Plastid; Non-photosynthetic plastid" is used for plastids derived from non-photosynthetic, but not apicocomplexan organisms. Examples of such organisms are the land plant Epifagus virginiana, the chlorophyte algae Prototheca wickerhamii and the euglenoid Astasia longa, none of which encode the genes necessary for photosynthesis on their plastid genome.
Cross-references have been added to TAIR, The Arabidopsis Information Resource, which is a model organism database providing a centralized, curated gateway to Arabidopsis biology. TAIR is available at http://arabidopsis.org. Implicit links to this database have already been provided before in the NiceProt view of relevant Swiss-Prot entries on ExPASy.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation TAIR Resource identifier TAIR unique locus identifier. Example
The system of feature identifiers has been expanded. All feature keys concerning protein processing (CHAIN, PEPTIDE, PROPEP) have been tagged with the new feature identifier with the prefix PRO. We now have 4 types of feature identifiers:
Examples:
Q9W568: FT CHAIN 23 611 Halfway protein. FT /FTId=PRO_0000021413.
P15515: FT PEPTIDE 20 57 Histatin 1. FT /FTId=PRO_0000021416.
Q7XAD0: FT PROPEP 25 48 FT /FTId=PRO_0000021449.
New keywords:
Deleted keywords:
| UniProtKB release 5.6 of 02-Aug-2005 |
|---|
Deleted keyword:
| UniProtKB release 5.5 of 19-Jul-2005 |
|---|
All UniProtKB/TrEMBL entries with annotated alternative splicing events (KW Alternative splicing) have been moved to UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. Thus the file uniprot_trembl_varsplic.fasta.gz became obsolete and has been removed from the ftp site.
Please note that UniProtKB/TrEMBL still includes splice isoforms, but each in an individual entry and not merged into one single entry.
The format of the UniProtKB cross-reference to the Human Gene Nomenclature Database Genew has changed: The term Genew has been replaced by HGNC, which stands for HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee.
Example:
DR Genew; HGNC:12849; YWHAB.
has changed to
DR HGNC; HGNC:12849; YWHAB.
New keyword:
Deleted keyword:
New terms for the feature key 'CROSSLNK':
New term for the feature key 'MOD_RES':
| UniProtKB release 5.4 of 5-Jul-2005 |
|---|
The official names for the manually and automatically annotated sections of the UniProt Knowledgebase are UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and UniProtKB/TrEMBL.
To reflect this, we have changed the wording of the reldate.txt file in UniProt Knowledgebase ftp directories (example)
from
UniProt Release 5.4 consists of: Swiss-Prot Release 47.4 of 05-Jul-2005 TrEMBL Release 30.4 of 05-Jul-2005
to
UniProt Knowledgebase Release 5.4 consists of: UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Release 47.4 of 05-Jul-2005 UniProtKB/TrEMBL Release 30.4 of 05-Jul-2005
The dbxref.txt file lists the names and abbreviations and URLs of all databases cross-referenced in the UniProt Knowledgebase. We have added a new field, "Note", which is optional. This field will be used, among others, to list obsolete abbreviations for the cross-referenced databases.
Example:
Abbrev: MGI Name : Mouse genome database (MGD) from Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) LinkTp: Explicit Server: http://www.informatics.jax.org/ Db_URL: www.informatics.jax.org/searches/accession_report.cgi?id=%s Note : Obsolete abbreviation: MGD
From now on, the CC line topic COFACTOR can occur more than once per entry. When an enzyme can bind several cofactors, each of them is indicated in a separate topic.
Example:
CC -!- COFACTOR: Binds 1 2Fe-2S cluster per subunit (By similarity). CC -!- COFACTOR: Binds 1 Fe(2+) ion per subunit (By similarity).
CC -!- COFACTOR: Binds 5 heme groups covalently per monomer. CC -!- COFACTOR: Binds 1 calcium ion per monomer.
New keyword:
Deleted keywords:
New term for the feature key 'CROSSLNK':
| UniProtKB release 5.3 of 21-Jun-2005 |
|---|
As it was recently found (see Nature 434:74-79(2005); PubMed=15744302) that some anaerobic ciliates such as Nyctotherus ovalis (which thrives in the hindgut of cockroaches!) have retained a rudimentary hydrogenosomal genome, we have added "Hydrogenosome" to the list of valid values in the OG line.
Example Q5DUX5: OG Hydrogenosome.New keywords:
New terms for the feature key 'MOD_RES':
New terms for the feature key 'LIPID':
| UniProtKB release 5.0 of 10-May-2005 |
|---|
The DR (Database cross-Reference) lines are used as pointers to information in external data resources that is related to UniProtKB entries. Until now, the format of a DR line was:
DR DATABASE_IDENTIFIER; PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER; SECONDARY_IDENTIFIER[; TERTIARY_IDENTIFIER].
We have introduced a forth identifier, changing the DR line format to:
DR DATABASE_IDENTIFIER; PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER; SECONDARY_IDENTIFIER[; TERTIARY_IDENTIFIER][; QUATERNARY_IDENTIFIER].
The database cross-references to EMBL is affected by this modification (see below).
The biological source of the molecule has been added as quaternary identifier to the cross-reference (DR line) of the EMBL database.
Former format:
DR EMBL; ACCESSION_NUMBER; PROTEIN_ID; STATUS_IDENTIFIER.
New format:
DR EMBL; ACCESSION_NUMBER; PROTEIN_ID; STATUS_IDENTIFIER; MOLECULE_TYPE.
The molecule type is controlled vocabulary and currently includes:
Examples:
DR EMBL; M68939; AAA26107.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR EMBL; U56386; AAB72034.1; -; mRNA.
Cross-references have been added to PANTHER, which stands for Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships, a classification system that was designed to classify proteins (and their genes) in order to facilitate high-throughput analysis. Proteins have been classified according to families and subfamilies, molecular functions, biological processes and pathways. PANTHER is available at https://panther.appliedbiosystems.com/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation PANTHER Resource identifier PANTHER's unique identifier for a protein family or sub-family. Optional information 1 PANTHER's entry name for a protein family or sub-family. Optional information 2 Number of domains found, which is generally 1, rarely 2 for the fusion of identical domains/proteins. Example
The feature keys DOMAIN and SITE were used to describe distinct types of regions in a protein sequence and we found this situation unsatisfactory. We therefore redefined these two feature keys and introduced 5 new ones.
Redefinition of the feature keys DOMAIN and SITE:
FT DOMAIN 37 94 Ig-like.
FT SITE 176 177 Cleavage (by trypsin) (Probable).
Description of the 5 new feature keys:
FT COILED 100 165 Potential.
FT COMPBIAS 43 57 Pro/Thr-rich.
FT MOTIF 153 154 Di-leucine motif.
FT REGION 23 54 Binds to CD4.
FT TOPO_DOM 139 182 Cytoplasmic (Potential).
The introduction of these new feature keys allows to establish a clear sorting order for feature tables. The following order is used:
1. Molecule processing
* INIT_MET, SIGNAL, PROPEP, TRANSIT, CHAIN, PEPTIDE
2. Regions
* TOPO_DOM, TRANSMEM
* DOMAIN, REPEAT
* CA_BIND, ZN_FING, DNA_BIND, NP_BIND
* REGION
* COILED
* MOTIF
* COMPBIAS
3. Sites
* ACT_SITE
* METAL
* BINDING
* SITE
4. Amino acid modifications (pre and PTM)
* SE_CYS
* MOD_RES
* LIPID
* CARBOHYD
* DISULFID
* CROSSLNK
5. Natural variations
* VARSPLIC
* VARIANT
6. Experimental info
* MUTAGEN
* UNSURE
* CONFLICT
* NON_CONS
* NON_TER
7. Secondary structure
* HELIX, TURN, STRAND
Keys of equal priority (listed on one line above) are ordered according to sequence positions.
| UniProtKB release 4.6 of 26-Apr-2005 |
|---|
The new Swiss-Prot document pathway.txt includes an index of CC PATHWAY lines. For each step of an annotated pathway, a list of Swiss-Prot entries is given that are annotated to participate in that pathway.
A text-only version of this index can be downloaded by ftp.
List of all Swiss-Prot documents.
Mouse Genome Informatics have asked us to use the acronym MGI in our cross-references to the Mouse Genome Database, which we used to refer to as "MGD". We changed the database name in the relevant cross-references (DR lines) accordingly.
Example:
AC P07724; DR MGI; MGI:87991; Alb1..
New keywords:
Modified keywords:
Deleted keyword:
| UniProtKB release 4.5 of 12-Apr-2005 |
|---|
Cross-references have been added to The SWISS-MODEL Repository, which is a database of annotated three-dimensional comparative protein structure models generated by the fully automated homology-modelling pipeline SWISS-MODEL. The repository is developed at the Biozentrum Basel within the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and available at http://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation SMR Resource identifier SWISS-MODEL's unique identifier for a protein, which is identical to the UniProtKB primary accession number of that protein. Optional information 1 Range(s) covered by the structural model. Example
| UniProtKB release 4.4 of 29-Mar-2005 |
|---|
The new Swiss-Prot document humsavar.txt includes an index of sequence variation in human proteins. For each variant annotated in the feature table (FT) of the Swiss-Prot entry of a human protein, the following information is indicated:
A text-only version of this index can be downloaded by ftp.
List of all Swiss-Prot documents.
New keywords:
| UniProtKB release 4.1 of 15-Feb-2005 |
|---|
We changed the Resource abbreviation for the Schizosaccharomyces pombe GeneDB Prototype from GeneDB_SPombe to GeneDB_Spombe.
Cross-references have been added to LegioList, a database which provides a complete dataset of DNA and protein sequences derived from L. pneumophila strain Paris and strain Lens, linked to the relevant annotations and functional assignments. LegioList is available at http://genolist.pasteur.fr/LegioList/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation LegioList Resource identifier Ordered locus name. Example
| UniProtKB release 4.0 of 1-Feb-2005 |
|---|
In order to provide access to the last major Swiss-Prot and TrEMBL releases (as opposed to the biweekly releases) via the UniProt ftp servers, ftp.uniprot.org/databases/uniprot, ftp.expasy.org/databases/uniprot and ftp.ebi.ac.uk/databases/uniprot, we changed the directory structure of our ftp sites.
In addition to the possibility of downloading the complete databases, we provide the data in the form of taxonomic divisions for archaea, bacteria, fungi, human, invertebrates, mammals, plants, rodents, vertebrates, viruses and unclassified.
The new structure will be:
/databases/uniprot
/current_release
/knowledgebase
/complete
uniprot_sprot.dat.gz
uniprot_sprot.fasta.gz
uniprot_sprot.xml.gz
uniprot_trembl.dat.gz
uniprot_trembl.fasta.gz
uniprot_trembl.xml.gz
etc
/taxonomic_divisions
uniprot_sprot_archaea.dat.gz
uniprot_trembl_archaea.dat.gz
uniprot_sprot_bacteria.dat.gz
uniprot_trembl_bacteria.dat.gz
etc
/uniref
/previous_major_releases
/release1.0
/knowledgebase
/uniref
/release2.0
/knowledgebase
/uniref
etc
Symbolic links will be established for the following existing directories:
/databases/uniprot/knowledgebase to
/databases/uniprot/current_release/knowledgebase
/databases/uniprot/uniref to
/databases/uniprot/current_release/uniref
On ftp.expasy.org and ftp.ebi.ac.uk:
/databases/swiss-prot/release_compressed to
/databases/uniprot/previous_major_releases/releaseX.0/knowledgebase
/databases/trembl/release_compressed to
/databases/uniprot/previous_major_releases/releaseX.0/knowledgebase
The directory on ExPASy that used to contain uncompressed Swiss-Prot releases, /databases/swiss-prot/release/, will be removed.
Please note that if you are interested in complete proteome sets, you can download:
Previously, TrEMBL used the accession number as the entry name. With this release, TrEMBL entry names are composed of the accession number and organism identification codes (O95417_HUMAN, Q9VVG0_DROME, P71025_BACSU, Q9SR52_ARATH, etc.). The speclist.txt file lists the organism identification codes which are used to build the "organism" part of an entry name in Swiss-Prot. This file has been extended to include codes to be used in TrEMBL. As it is not possible in a reasonable timeframe to manually assign organism codes to all species represented in TrEMBL, it was decided to define "virtual" codes that regroup organisms at a certain taxonomic level. Such codes are prefixed by the number "9" and generally correspond to a "pool" of organisms which can be 'wide' as a kingdom. Here are some examples of such codes:
9BACT B 2: N=Bacteria 9CNID E 6073: N=Cnidaria 9FUNG E 4751: N=Fungi 9REOV V 10880: N=Reoviridae 9TETR E 32523: N=Tetrapoda 9VIRI E 33090: N=Viridiplantae
TrEMBL entries are widely used for sequence analysis such as similarity search, multiple sequence alignments or phylogenetic analysis. The extension of the entry name will simplify the species identification in the analysis results.
In the last release we introduced to Swiss-Prot the first entry with the new format of the entry name. With this release, many entry names have changed to the new format.
The CC line topic INTERACTION is used to convey information relevant to binary protein-protein interactions. It is automatically derived from the IntAct database and is updated on a monthly basis. The occurrence is one INTERACTION topic per entry, with each binary interaction being presented in a separate line. Each data line can be longer than 75 characters.
Interactions can be derived by any appropriate experimental method, but must be confirmed by a second experiment, if resulting from a single yeast- two-hybrid experiment. For large-scale experiments interactions are referred, if a high confidence is assigned from the authors.
The format of the CC line topic INTERACTION is:
CC -!- INTERACTION:
CC {{SP_Ac:identifier[ (xeno)]}|Self}; NbExp=n; IntAct=IntAct_Protein_Ac, IntAct_Protein_Ac;
where
SP_Ac is the Swiss-Prot or TrEMBL accession number of the interacting protein. If appropriate, the IsoId is used instead to specify the relevant interacting protein isoform. identifier serves to describe the interacting protein. It is derived from the Swiss-Prot or TrEMBL GN line and thus presents either a "gene name", a "ordered locus name" or a "ORF name". When no GN line is available a dash is indicated instead. (xeno) is an optional qualifier indicating that the interacting proteins are derived from different species. This may be due to the experimental set-up or may reflect a pathogen-host interaction. Self reflects a self-association; the corresponding current entry's SP_Ac and 'identifier' are not given/repeated. NbExp=n refers to the number of experiments in IntAct supporting the interaction. IntAct_Protein_Ac is the IntAct accession number of a interacting protein. The first IntAct_Protein_Ac refers to the protein or an isoform of the current entry, the second refers to the interacting protein or isoform.
Within the CC INTERACTION topic, homomeric interactions are listed before the heteromeric interactions; latter are sorted alphanumerical according the 'identifier'.
"IntAct=IntAct_Protein_Ac, IntAct_Protein_Ac" identifies the interaction in IntAct by using the two IntAct protein identifiers.
Examples of interaction lines are given below. The CC INTERACTION topics are not complete; only explained interaction lines are indicated.
CC -!- INTERACTION: CC P11450:fcp3c; NbExp=1; IntAct=EBI-126914, EBI-159556;
In the typical example the current protein is interacting with P11450 which is further characterized by "fcp3c" derived from its GN line and presents its gene name "Fcp3C". The interaction is supported by one experiment stored in IntAct. Experimental details for this interaction can be found by quering IntAct with "EBI-126914, EBI-159556".
CC -!- INTERACTION: CC Q9W1K5-1:cg11299; NbExp=1; IntAct=EBI-133844, EBI-212772; CC ...
The current protein interacts with an isoform of Q9W1K5 defined by the IsoID Q9W1K5-1.
CC -!- INTERACTION: CC Q8NI08:-; NbExp=1; IntAct=EBI-80809, EBI-80799;
No gene name information for the interacting protein is available.
CC -!- INTERACTION: CC Self; NbExp=1; IntAct=EBI-123485, EBI-123485;
The protein self-associates.
CC -!- INTERACTION: CC Q8C1S0:2410018m14rik (xeno); NbExp=1; IntAct=EBI-394562, EBI-398761;
The source organisms of the interacting proteins are different.
CC -!- INTERACTION: CC P51617:irak1; NbExp=1; IntAct=EBI-448466, EBI-358664; CC P51617:irak1; NbExp=1; IntAct=EBI-448472, EBI-358664;
Different isoforms of the current protein are shown to interact with the same protein (P51617). This is reflected by different IntAct_Protein_Acs for the current protein.
Example entry with many interaction lines: Q02821.
There is a new Swiss-Prot document: similar.txt: Index of CC SIMILARITY lines. This index lists all names of families and domains occurring in CC SIMILARITY lines of Swiss-Prot entries. A text-only version of this index can be downloaded by ftp.
New keyword:
| UniProtKB release 3.5 of 4-Jan-2005 |
|---|
We endeavor to assign meaningful entry names that facilitate the identification of the proteins and the species of origin. Swiss-Prot uses a general purpose naming convention that can be symbolized as X_Y, where X is a mnemonic code of alphanumeric characters representing the protein name, the '_' sign serves as a separator, and the Y is a mnemonic species identification code of at most 5 alphanumeric characters representing the biological source of the protein.
The entry name used to consist of up to ten uppercase alphanumeric characters. We now elongated the mnemonic code for the protein name from up to 4 characters to up to 5 characters, thus entry names can from now on consist of up to 11 characters.
As this modification might have an impact on many programs, we introduced in this release only one Swiss-Prot entry with an entry name in the new format: TINA1_DROME (Q9W0Y1). With UniProtKB release 4.0 at the beginning of February, we will change the entry names of many Swiss-Prot entries.
We strongly advise users to cite Swiss-Prot entries by their unique and stable identifer, which is the first (primary) accession number of an entry. It happens occasionally that entries are only referred to by the entry name. As we will soon change the entry names of thousands of entries, we provide the tool IDtracker, which allows users of the Swiss-Prot protein knowledgebase to trace the identifiers (ID) of protein entries.
Cross-references have been added to the Ensembl database, a bioinformatics project that organizes biological information around the sequences of large genomes. Ensembl is available at http://www.ensembl.org.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation Ensembl Resource identifier Ensembl unique identifier for a gene. Optional information 1 Species name. Example
| UniProtKB release 3.4 of 21-Dec-2004 |
|---|
We changed the following items of the RP line:
Example:
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), PROTEIN SEQUENCE RP OF 108-131; 220-231 AND 349-393, CHARACTERIZATION, AND MUTAGENESIS OF RP ARG-336.
If 2 qualifiers apply, both are indicated, separated by a '/'.
Example:
RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA].
A new comment line (CC) topic has been introduced: BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES. This topic is used to convey information relevant to biophysical and physicochemical data and information on pH dependence, temperature dependence, kinetic parameters, redox potentials, and maximal absorption.
The format of this comment block is:
CC -!- BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: CC Absorption: CC Abs(max)=xx nm; CC Note=free_text; CC Kinetic parameters: CC KM=xx unit for substrate [(free_text)]; CC Vmax=xx unit enzyme [free_text]; CC Note=free_text; CC pH dependence: CC free_text; CC Redox potential: CC free_text; CC Temperature dependence: CC free_text;
A BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES block must contain at least one of the properties Absorption, Kinetic parameters, pH dependence, Redox potential, Temperature dependence and may have any combination of these properties (ordered as indicated above). The meaning of these subtopics is as follows:
Property Description Absorption indicates the wavelength at which photoreactive proteins such as opsins and DNA photolyases show maximal absorption Kinetic parameters mentions the Michaelis-Menten constant (KM) and maximal velocity (Vmax) of enzymes pH dependence describes the optimum pH for enzyme activity and/or the variation of enzyme activity with pH variation Redox potential reports the value of the standard (midpoint) oxido-reduction potential(s) for electron transport proteins Temperature dependence indicates the optimum temperature for enzyme activity and/or the variation of enzyme activity with temperature variation; the thermostability/thermolability of the enzyme is also mentioned when it is known
Examples:
CC -!- BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: CC Absorption: CC Abs(max)=395 nm; CC Note=Exhibits a smaller absorbance peak at 470 nm. The CC fluorescence emission spectrum peaks at 509 nm with a shoulder CC at 540 nm; CC -!- BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: CC Kinetic parameters: CC KM=62 mM for glucose; CC KM=90 mM for maltose; CC Vmax=0.20 mmol/min/mg enzyme with glucose as substrate; CC Vmax=0.11 mmol/min/mg enzyme with maltose as substrate; CC Note=Acetylates glucose, maltose, mannose, galactose, and CC fructose with a decreasing relative rate of 1, 0.55, 0.20, 0.07, CC 0.04; CC -!- BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: CC Kinetic parameters: CC KM=1.76 uM for chlorophyll; CC pH dependence: CC Optimum pH is 7.5. Active from pH 5.0 to 9.0; CC Temperature dependence: CC Optimum temperature is 45 degrees Celsius. Active from 30 to 60 CC degrees Celsius;
New keywords:
Modified keywords:
Deleted keywords:
New terms for the feature key 'CROSSLNK':
| UniProtKB release 3.2 of 23-Nov-2004 |
|---|
The file submit.txt is no longer distributed. Information on how to submit sequence data, updates or corrections can be found in the user manual.
| UniProtKB release 3.1 of 09-Nov-2004 |
|---|
The conversion of Swiss-Prot entries from all UPPER CASE to MiXeD CaSe is now completed. This modification does not apply to the following line types:
New keywords:
| UniProtKB release 3.0 of 25-Oct-2004 |
|---|
New keyword:
With release 3.0 we introduce the UniProtKB release notes relnotes.html, which replaces the Swiss-Prot release notes (rnote_sp.html) and TrEMBL release notes (rnote_tr.html). The UniProtKB release notes includes the release statistics of both databases, the status of the model organisms and various other useful information. It can all be downloaded from ftp://ftp.expasy.org/databases/uniprot/knowledgebase/docs/.
| UniProtKB release 2.7 of 11-Oct-2004 |
|---|
Cross-references have been added to the human gene database H-Invitational Database (H-InvDB), which provides information on annotated full-length cDNA clones available from six high throughput cDNA sequencing projects. The H-Invitational Database is available at http://www.h-invitational.jp/.
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation H-InvDB Resource identifier H-InvDB's unique identifier for a cDNA cluster. Example
We have added cross-references to WormBase, which provides information concerning the genetics, genomics and biology of C. elegans and some related nematodes. WormBase is available at http://www.wormbase.org/.
The identifiers of the appropriate DR line are:
Resource abbreviation WormBase Resource identifier WormBase's unique identifier for a gene. Optional information 1 Gene designation. Example
New keywords:
Deleted keywords:
| UniProtKB release 2.6 of 27-Sep-2004 |
|---|
Deleted keywords:
| UniProtKB release 2.5 of 13-Sep-2004 |
|---|
Deleted keyword:
We are continuously overhauling the annotation of post-translational modifications (PTMs). For the feature key MOD_RES, the new introduced controlled vocabularies for PTMs are:
Flavin binding: All entries with annotated flavin-binding sites have the keyword Flavoprotein.
Hydroxylation: All entries with annotated hydroxylation sites have the keyword Hydroxylation.
4,5-dihydroxylysine 3,4-dihydroxyproline
Other new controlled vocabularies for PTMs that are annotated with the feature key MOD_RES:
O-(sn-1-glycerophosphoryl)serine
| UniProtKB release 2.4 of 31-Aug-2004 |
|---|
The TrEMBL release notes (rnote_tr.html) were added to the documents distributed with the UniProtKB release. The name of the Swiss-Prot release notes changed from relnotes.html to rnote_sp.html accordingly. These documents can all be downloaded from ftp://ftp.expasy.org/databases/uniprot/knowledgebase/docs/.
| UniProtKB release 2.3 of 16-Aug-2004 |
|---|
Electronic publications have been indicated in the RL line with the '(er)' prefix that stands for electronic resource:
RL (er) Free text.
Example:
RL (er) Plant Gene Register PGR98-023.
We replaced all submission references to the HIV data bank by publications, thus RL lines of the type:
RL Submitted (XXX-YYYY) to the HIV data bank.
do no longer exist in Swiss-Prot.
The structure determination method (X-ray, NMR, etc) as well as the mapping of the extent of the cross-reference on the sequence have been introduced as tertiary identifier to the PDB cross-reference line.
Former format:
DR PDB; ENTRY_NAME; REVISION_DATE.
New format:
DR PDB; ENTRY_NAME; Method; CHAIN[S]=RANGE.
The methods are controlled vocabulary and currently include:
Example:
DR PDB; 1NB3; X-ray; A/B/C/D=116-335, P/R/S/T=98-105.
The tertiary identifier indicates the chain(s) and the corresponding range, of which the structure has been determined. If the range is unknown, a dash is given rather than the range positions. Example:
DR PDB; 1IYJ; X-ray; B/D=-.
If the chains and the range is unknown, a dash is used. Example:
DR PDB; 1N12; X-ray; -.
With the introduction of the new format, DR PDB lines can become longer than 75 characters.
| UniProtKB release 2.2 of 30-Jul-2004 |
|---|
We are continuously overhauling the annotation of post-translational modifications (PTMs). For the feature key MOD_RES, the new introduced controlled vocabularies for PTMs are:
Methylation: All entries with annotated methylation sites have the keyword Methylation.
N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-5-hydroxylysine N6-poly(methylaminopropyl)lysine
Hydroxylation: All entries with annotated hydroxylation sites have the keyword Hydroxylation.
3-hydroxyproline 4-hydroxyarginine
Unidentified N-terminal blocking modifications:
Blocked amino end (Leu)
Other new controlled vocabularies for PTMs that are annotated with the feature key MOD_RES: .
Glycine radical (Keyword: Organic radical) Pentaglycyl murein peptidoglycan amidated alanine (Keyword: Peptidoglycan-anchor) Tryptophylquinone
| UniProtKB release 2.1 of 19-Jul-2004 |
|---|
Keywords are now stored by alphabetical order on the KW lines of both Swiss-Prot and TrEMBL entries.
We have slightly changed the format for the comment line topic MASS SPECTROMETRY, which reports the exact molecular weight of a protein or part of a protein as determined by mass spectrometric methods. The modifications concern the topic RANGE, which has become mandatory, and the introduction of the new mandatory topic NOTE, which is used to indicate the relevant reference number.
New format:
CC -!- MASS SPECTROMETRY: MW=XXX[; MW_ERR=XX][; METHOD=XX]; RANGE=XX-XX[ (Name)]; NOTE={Free text (Ref.n)|Ref.n}.
Where:
Example:
CC -!- MASS SPECTROMETRY: MW=32875.93; METHOD=MALDI; CC RANGE=1-284 (Isoform 3); NOTE=Ref.6.
We have added cross-references to Ashbya genome database, available at http://agd.unibas.ch/.
The identifiers of the appropriate DR line are:
Resource abbreviation AGD Resource identifier AGD's unique identifier for a gene. This is generally the OLN (Ordered Locus Name) for that gene (eg: AAR059C), except for mitochondrial genes where AGD uses an identifier based on the gene name (eg: AgCOB1). Example
We are continuously overhauling the annotation of post-translational modifications (PTMs). For the feature key MOD_RES, the new introduced controlled vocabularies for PTMs are:
Hydroxylation: All entries with annotated hydroxylation sites have the keyword Hydroxylation.
4-hydroxyproline
Unidentified N-terminal blocking modifications:
Blocked amino end (Asx) Blocked amino end (Xaa)
Other new controlled vocabularies for PTMs that are annotated with the feature key MOD_RES: .
Pros-8alpha-FAD-histidine (Keyword: FAD) N6-murein peptidoglycan lysine
| UniProtKB release 2.0 of 05-Jul-2004 |
|---|
The files provided in the ftp directory /databases/uniprot/knowledgebase/new/ (and known as TrEMBL_New) have been removed. These files contained new sequence entries and sequences to be used to update existing Swiss-Prot or TrEMBL entries. Until now, these entries were integrated into Swiss-Prot and TrEMBL mostly only at full releases of these databases. We now incorporate these new and updated sequences into the biweekly UniProtKB releases of Swiss-Prot and TrEMBL (/databases/uniprot/knowledgebase/uniprot_sprot* and /databases/uniprot/knowledgebase/uniprot_trembl*), and, therefore, the distribution of these files is no longer necessary.
We have introduced a new format for the GN (Gene Name) line and all gene names have been converted to mixed case. The new format is more structured than the previous one, in order to distinguish between three types of information:
The new format of the GN line is:
GN Name=<name>; Synonyms=<name1>[, <name2>...]; OrderedLocusNames=<name1>[, <name2>...]; GN ORFNames=<name1>[, <name2>...];
None of the above four tokens are mandatory. But a "Synonyms" token can only be present if there is a "Name" token.
If there is more than one gene, GN line blocks for the different genes are separated by the following line:
GN and
Wrapping is done preferentially at a semicolon, otherwise at a comma.
Examples:
GN Name=atpG; Synonyms=uncG, papC; GN OrderedLocusNames=b3733, c4659, z5231, ECs4675, SF3813, S3955;
GN ORFNames=SPAC1834.11c;
GN Name=cysA1; Synonyms=cysA; OrderedLocusNames=Rv3117, MT3199; GN ORFNames=MTCY164.27; GN and GN Name=cysA2; OrderedLocusNames=Rv0815c, MT0837; ORFNames=MTV043.07c;
We have added cross-references to IntAct, the Protein interaction database and analysis system available at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/.
The identifiers of the appropriate DR line are:
Resource abbreviation IntAct Resource identifier The Swiss-Prot primary AC number for the protein. This is used by IntAct as a link to all the interactions in which that protein is involved. Example
The Genome Knowledgebase (GK) was renamed to Reactome. We changed the database name in the relevant cross-references (DR lines) accordingly.
Example:
DR Reactome; Q9BZJ0; -.
We are continuously overhauling the annotation of post-translational modifications (PTMs). For the feature key MOD_RES, the new introduced controlled vocabularies for PTMs are:
Hydroxylation: All entries with annotated hydroxylation sites have the keyword Hydroxylation.
3,4-dihydroxyarginine 3,5-dihydroxylysine
Unidentified N-terminal blocking modifications:
Blocked amino end (Ala) Blocked amino end (Arg) Blocked amino end (Asp) Blocked amino end (Cys) Blocked amino end (Gln) Blocked amino end (Glu) Blocked amino end (Gly) Blocked amino end (Ile) Blocked amino end (Met) Blocked amino end (Pro) Blocked amino end (Ser) Blocked amino end (Thr) Blocked amino end (Val)
Unidentified N-terminal blocking modifications:
Blocked carboxyl end (His)
| UniProtKB release 1.12 of 21-Jun-2004 |
|---|
The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is a system for identifying and exchanging intellectual property in the digital environment. We introduced the new optional identifier "DOI" to the RX line. It is used to store the Digital Object Identifier of a cited document. The format for this RX line topic is:
DOI=Digital_object_identifier;
The order of the optional topics in an RX line is:
RX [MEDLINE=Medline_identifier; ][PubMed=Pubmed_identifier; ][DOI=Digital_object_identifier;]
Example:
RX MEDLINE=97291283; PubMed=9145897; DOI=10.1007/s00248-002-2038-4;
Note: The length of a DOI is not restricted. If the topic DOI does not fit into an RX line that already contains a topic, a further RX line will be created, which may be longer than 76 characters.
The new reference line 'RG' (Reference Group) has been introduced to list the consortium name associated with a given citation. The RG line is mainly used in submission reference blocks, but can also be used in paper references, if the working group is cited as an author in the paper.
Note: RA (Reference Author) and RG line can be present in the same reference block; at least one RA or RG line is mandatory per reference block.
The same line type has recently been introduced in the EMBL nucleotide sequence database.
The format for this line is:
RG Consortium_name;
Examples:
RG The C. elegans sequencing consortium; RG The Brazilian network for HIV isolation and characterization;
We have added cross-references to EchoBASE, the integrated post-genomic database for E. coli, available at http://www.biolws1.york.ac.uk/echobase/.
The identifiers of the appropriate DR line are:
Resource abbreviation EchoBASE Resource identifier EchoBASE's unique identifier for a gene. Example
| UniProtKB release 1.11 of 07-Jun-2004 |
|---|
New keywords:
We are continuously overhauling the annotation of post-translational modifications (PTMs). For the feature key MOD_RES, the new initially introduced controlled vocabularies for PTMs are:
Bromination: All entries with annotated bromination sites have the keyword Bromination.
Bromohistidine 6'-bromotryptophan
Deamidated asparagine Deamidated glutamine
Formylation: All entries with annotated formylation sites have the keyword Formylation.
N-formylmethionine N-formylglycine
Hydroxylation: All entries with annotated hydroxylation sites have the keyword Hydroxylation.
Hydroxyproline 3-hydroxyasparagine 3-hydroxyaspartate 5-hydroxylysine 3-hydroxytryptophan
Iodination: All entries with annotated iodination sites have the keyword Iodination.
Thyroxine Triiodothyronine
Other new controlled vocabularies for PTMs that are annotated with the feature key MOD_RES: .
3',4'-dihydroxyphenylalanine 3-methylthioaspartic acid 3-oxoalanine (Cys) 3-oxoalanine (Ser) 4-carboxyglutamate (Keyword: Gamma-carboxyglutamic acid) ADP-ribosylarginine ADP-ribosylcysteine Allysine Aspartyl isopeptide (Asn) Cysteine persulfide Pentaglycyl murein peptidoglycan amidated threonine PolyADP-ribosyl glutamic acid Pyruvic acid (Ser) Pyruvic acid (Cys) S-nitrosocysteine (Keyword: S-nitrosylation)
Alanine derivative Arginine derivative Cysteine derivative Glutamine derivative Isoleucine derivative Lysine derivative Methionine derivative Tryptophan derivative
| UniProtKB release 1.10 of 24-May-2004 |
|---|
We have introduced a new comment (CC) line topic: TOXIC DOSE. This topic is used to store information on the poisoning potential (acute toxicity) of a toxin.
Generally this topic holds information on the LD(50) and PD(50). LD stands for "Lethal Dose". LD(50) is the amount of a toxin, given all at once, which causes the death of 50% (one half) of a group of test animals.
PD(50) stands for "Paralytic dose". It is the amount of a toxin, which causes the paralysis of 50% of a group of test animals.
Examples:
CC -!- TOXIC DOSE: PD(50) is 1.72 mg/kg by injection in blowfly larvae.
CC -!- TOXIC DOSE: LD(50) is 0.015 mg/kg by intravenous injection for CC sarafotoxin-A and sarafotoxin-B, and 0.3 mg/kg for sarafotoxin-C.
New keywords:
We are continuously overhauling the annotation of post-translational modifications (PTMs). For the feature key MOD_RES, the new initially introduced controlled vocabularies for PTMs are:
Acetylation: All entries with annotated acetylation sites have the keyword Acetylation.
N-acetylalanine N-acetylaspartate N-acetylcysteine N-acetylglutamate N-acetylglycine N-acetylmethionine N-acetylproline N-acetylserine N-acetylthreonine N-acetyltyrosine N-acetylvaline N2-acetylarginine N6-acetyllysine
Amidation: All entries with annotated amidation sites have the keyword Amidation.
Alanine amide Arginine amide Aspartic acid 1-amide Asparagine amide Cysteine amide Glutamic acid 1-amide Glutamine amide Glycine amide Histidine amide Isoleucine amide Leucine amide Lysine amide Methionine amide Phenylalanine amide Proline amide Serine amide Threonine amide Tryptophan amide Tyrosine amide Valine amide
Isomerization: All entries with annotated isomerization sites have the keyword D-amino acid.
D-alanine (Ala) D-alanine (Ser) D-asparagine D-allo-isoleucine D-leucine D-methionine D-phenylalanine D-serine D-tryptophan
Other new controlled vocabularies for PTMs that are annotated with the feature key MOD_RES:
2',4',5'-topaquinone (keyword: TPQ) 3-phenyllactic acid N6-1-carboxyethyl lysine 2,3-didehydroalanine (Ser) 2,3-didehydrobutyrine (Z)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine
| UniProtKB release 1.9 of 10-May-2004 |
|---|
We are continuously overhauling the annotation of post-translational modifications (PTMs). Methylation sites are described in the description field of the feature key MOD_RES, all entries with such a site contain the keyword 'Methylation'. The initially defined controlled vocabulary for methylation sites is listed below:
N-methylalanine N,N,N-trimethylalanine Omega-N-methylated arginine Omega-N-methylarginine Asymmetric dimethylarginine Symmetric dimethylarginine 5-methylarginine N5-methylarginine N4-methylasparagine N4,N4-dimethylasparagine S-methylcysteine Cysteine methyl ester 2-methylglutamine N5-methylglutamine Glutamate methyl ester (Gln) Glutamate methyl ester (Glu) Methylhistidine Pros-methylhistidine Tele-methylhistidine N-methylisoleucine N-methylleucine Leucine methyl ester N6-methylated lysine N6-methyllysine N6,N6-dimethyllysine N6,N6,N6-trimethyllysine Lysine methyl ester N-methylmethionine N-methylphenylalanine N,N-dimethylproline N-methyltyrosine
Deleted keyword:
| UniProtKB release 1.8 of 26-Apr-2004 |
|---|
We have added cross-references to the Structural and functional annotation of Arabidopsis thaliana gene and protein families (GeneFarm), available at http://genoplante-info.infobiogen.fr/Genefarm/index.htpl.
The identifiers of the appropriate DR line are:
Resource abbreviation GeneFarm Resource identifier GeneFarm's unique identifier for a gene. Optional information 1 GeneFarm's identifier for a gene family. Example
We are continuously overhauling the annotation of post-translational modifications (PTMs). Sulfation sites are described in the description field of the feature key MOD_RES, all entries with such a site contain the keyword 'Sulfation'. The initially defined controlled vocabulary for sulfation sites is listed below:
Sulfotyrosine Sulfoserine Sulfothreonine
| UniProtKB release 1.7 of 13-Apr-2004 |
|---|
We have added cross-references to the Oxford GlycoProteomics 2-DE database (OGP), available at http://proteomewww.bioch.ox.ac.uk/2d/2d.html.
The identifiers of the appropriate DR line are:
Resource abbreviation OGP Resource identifier OGP's unique identifier for a protein, which is identical to the Swiss-Prot primary AC number of that protein. Example
We have added cross-references to the 2-DE database of rat heart, at German Heart Institute Berlin, available at http://www.mpiib-berlin.mpg.de/2D-PAGE/RAT-HEART/2d/.
The identifiers of the appropriate DR line are:
Resource abbreviation Rat-heart-2DPAGE Resource identifier Rat-heart-2DPAGE's unique identifier for a protein, which is identical to the Swiss-Prot primary AC number of that protein. Example
New keywords:
We are continuously overhauling the annotation of post-translational modifications (PTMs). Phosphorylation sites are described in the description field of the feature key MOD_RES, all entries with such a site contain the keyword 'Phosphorylation'. The initially defined controlled vocabulary for phosphorylation sites is listed below:
Phosphocysteine 4-aspartylphosphate Phosphohistidine Tele-phosphohistidine Pros-phosphohistidine Phosphoserine Phosphothreonine Phosphotyrosine
| UniProtKB release 1.6 of 29-Mar-2004 |
|---|
Both, the userman.txt and relnotes.txt files have been replaced by an HTML-formatted version, userman.html and relnotes.html. The plain text version of these files are no longer available.
| UniProtKB release 1.5 of 15-Mar-2004 |
|---|
We have added cross-references to the Rat Genome Database (RGD), available at http://rgd.mcw.edu/, which collects data from rat genetic and genomic research efforts and provides curation of mapped positions for quantitative trait loci, known mutations and other phenotypic data.
The identifiers of the appropriate DR line are:
Resource abbreviation RGD Resource identifier RGD's unique identifier for a gene. Optional information 1 RGD's gene symbol. Example
New keyword:
New terms for the feature key 'CROSSLNK':
New term for the feature key 'LIPID':
| Swiss-Prot release 42.8 of 16-Jan-2004 |
|---|
New keywords:
Deleted keywords:
The strain information is usually given in the RC line of the reference block, but can also be indicated in the Organism (OS) line of a database entry. Strains are controlled vocabulary and we created a list of the strains and their synonyms. This information is now made available in the documentation file strains.txt, together with the mnemonic species identification code representing the biological source of the protein in the knowledgebase.
Keywords are controlled vocabulary and the annotation follows strict rules. As biological terms can have several meanings, we added to the list of keywords the definition of their usage in the knowledgebase and further information such as synonyms or relevant GO terms.
Please note that the file header changed and the format for each keyword entry looks as follows:
--------- --------------------------- ---------------------- Line code Content Occurrence in an entry --------- --------------------------- ---------------------- ID Identifier (keyword) Once; starts an entry AC Accession (KW-xxxx) Once DE Definition Once or more SY Synonyms Optional; Once or more GO Gene ontology (GO) mapping Optional; Once or more HI Hierarchy Optional; Once or more WW Interesting WWW site Optional; Once or more CA Category Once // Terminator Once; ends an entry
Example of a keyword definition entry:
ID Acetoin catabolism. AC KW-0006 DE Protein involved in the degradation of acetoin (3-hydroxy-2-butanone). DE Acetoin is a component of the butanediol cycle (butanediol DE fermentation) in microorganisms. SY Acetoin degradation. GO GO:0045150; acetoin catabolism CA Biological process; Pathway. //
As UniProt knowledgebase documentation now comprises both Swiss-Prot and TrEMBL, we changed the name of the files "deleteac.txt" containing deleted AC numbers to
The embltosp.txt file, which contained an index of EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database entries referenced in Swiss-Prot, is no longer available.
| Swiss-Prot release 42.6 of 28-Nov-2003 |
|---|
We have introduced a new comment (CC) line topic: 'RNA EDITING'. This topic is used to convey information relevant to all types of RNA editing that lead to one or more amino acid changes.
The format of this comment block is:
CC -!- RNA EDITING: Modified_positions={x[, y, z, ...] | Not_applicable | Undetermined}[; Note=Text].
Examples:
CC -!- RNA EDITING: Modified_positions=393, 431, 452, 495.
CC -!- RNA EDITING: Modified_positions=59, 78, 94, 98, 102, 121; Note=The CC stop codon at position 121 is created by RNA editing. The nonsense CC codon at position 59 is modified to a sense codon.
CC -!- RNA EDITING: Modified_positions=Not_applicable; Note=Some CC positions are modified by RNA editing via nucleotide insertion or CC deletion. The initiator methionine is created by RNA editing.
The free text in the 'Note' is standardized.
All entries with such a topic have the keyword RNA editing.
New keyword:
| Swiss-Prot release 42.4 of 14-Nov-2003 |
|---|
The speclist.txt file lists the organism identification codes which are used to build the "organism" part of an entry name (Examples: ARATH, BACSU, DROME, HUMAN, etc). This file contains for each organism code, the corresponding NCBI taxonomic database node identifier (TaxID) as well as the specific official (scientific) name and optionally common name and synonym.
Up to now organisms identification codes where only used in Swiss-Prot where all species represented in the database are associated with such a code. The TrEMBL section of the combined UniProt knowledgebase will soon also make use of entry names that are based on the species of origin. As it is not possible in a reasonable time frame to manually assign organism codes to all species represented in TrEMBL, it was decided to define "virtual" codes that regroup organisms at a certain taxonomic level. Such codes are prefixed by the number "9" and generally correspond to a "pool" of organisms which can be 'wide' as a kingdom. Here are some examples of such codes:
9BACT B 2: N=Bacteria 9CNID E 6073: N=Cnidaria 9FUNG E 4751: N=Fungi 9REOV V 10880: N=Reoviridae 9TETR E 32523: N=Tetrapoda 9VIRI E 33090: N=Viridiplantae
The list of all the "9" codes that have been defined are now been integrated as a subsection of the speclist.txt file.
New terms for the Feature key 'LIPID':
New keyword:
| Swiss-Prot release 42.3 of 07-Nov-2003 |
|---|
We have added cross-references to the DictyBase database (available at http://dictybase.org/), an online informatics resource for Dictyostelium discoideum. DictyBase goals are to provide a single portal for access to Dictyostelium genome information, curated Dictyostelium literature, to facilitate access to experimental resources such as the Dictyostelium stock center, and to provide an on-line presence for the Dictyostelium community.
The identifiers of the appropriate DR line are:
Resource abbreviation DictyBase Resource identifier DictyBase's unique identifier for a gene. Optional information 1 DictyBase's gene symbol. Example
Due to the availability of DictyBase (see above) and in agreement with the maintainers of both databases, we have removed all cross-references to the DictyDb database.
We have added cross-references to the PhotoList database (available at http://genolist.pasteur.fr/PhotoList/), a database dedicated to the analysis of the genome of Photorhabdus luminescens strain TT01.
The identifiers of the appropriate DR line are:
Resource abbreviation PhotoList Resource identifier PhotoList's unique identifier for an ORF. Example
New keyword:
Deleted keywords:
| Swiss-Prot release 42.1 of 24-Oct-2003 |
|---|
The jourlist.txt file lists the titles and abbreviations of all journals cited in Swiss-Prot. This file also includes other type of information such as ISSN and CODEN identifiers, publishers, web sites, etc. As of this release, we have added a field for the ISSN of the electronic (on-line) version of journals. This field which is termed "e-ISSN" is optional.
Example:
Abbrev: Acta Haematol. Title : Acta Haematologica ISSN : 0001-5792 e-ISSN: 1421-9662 CODEN : ACHAAH Publis: Karger AG Server: http://www.karger.com/journals/aha/
New keywords:
Deleted keywords:
| Swiss-Prot release 41.26 of 04-Oct-2003 |
|---|
We have revised the annotation of post-translational modified amino acids in lipoproteins, and made a major overhaul of the controlled vocabulary. Lipid annotation that was covered by other feature (FT) keys than LIPID has been moved accordingly, e.g. cholesterol-binding.
The currently defined controlled vocabulary for the feature descriptions of 'LIPID' FT lines is listed below:
Cholesterol glycine ester Cis-14-hydroxy-10,13-dioxo-7-heptadecenoic acid aspartate ester GPI-anchor amidated alanine GPI-anchor amidated asparagine GPI-anchor amidated aspartate GPI-anchor amidated cysteine GPI-anchor amidated glycine GPI-anchor amidated serine GPI-anchor amidated threonine GPI-like-anchor amidated glycine GPI-like-anchor amidated serine N-myristoyl glycine N-palmitoyl cysteine N(6)-myristoyl lysine N(6)-palmitoyl lysine O-octanoyl serine O-palmitoyl serine O-palmitoyl threonine Phosphotidylethanolamine amidated glycine S-12-hydroxyfarnesyl cysteine S-archaeol cysteine S-diacylglycerol cysteine S-farnesyl cysteine S-geranylgeranyl cysteine S-myristoyl cysteine S-palmitoleyl cysteine S-palmitoyl cysteine
This continuously updated list can be found in Appendix G of the Swiss-Prot user manual.
| Swiss-Prot release 41.24 of 19-Sep-2003 |
|---|
Deleted keyword:
| Swiss-Prot release 41.22 of 29-Aug-2003 |
|---|
Modified keywords:
New keyword:
| Swiss-Prot release 41.21 of 22-Aug-2003 |
|---|
Modified keyword:
New keyword:
| Swiss-Prot release 41.20 of 16-Aug-2003 |
|---|
While proceeding with the conversion to mixed case of the different line types of a Swiss-Prot entry, we have decided to do the same for the name of our database, e.g. we are now using "Swiss-Prot" (instead of previously "SWISS-PROT") as the prevalent way of referring to it. This change affects the Swiss-Prot RL (reference location) lines of entries which were submitted directly to Swiss-Prot, and which the authors have not (yet) published. At the same time, we have changed the wording of those lines.
Former format:
RL Submitted (MAY-2002) to the SWISS-PROT data bank.
New format:
RL Submitted (MAY-2002) to Swiss-Prot.
Note: RL lines concerning submissions to EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ, PDB and other databases are not affected by this modification.
We have introduced a new comment (CC) line topic type: ALLERGEN. This topic is used to convey information relevant to allergenic proteins.
The format of this comment block is:
CC -!- ALLERGEN: Text.
Examples:
P19121: CC -!- ALLERGEN: Causes an allergic reaction in human. Binds IgE. It is a CC partially heat-labile allergen that may cause both respiratory and CC food-allergy symptoms in patients with the bird-egg syndrome.
Q28050: CC -!- ALLERGEN: Causes an allergic reaction in human. Minor allergen of CC bovine dander.
| Swiss-Prot release 41.18 of 25-Jul-2003 |
|---|
Modified keyword:
| Swiss-Prot release 41.17 of 19-Jul-2003 |
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We have added cross-references to the GermOnline database (available at http://germonline.unibas.org/), which is maintained by the Genome Bioinformatics group of the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. GermOnline is a gateway for gametogenesis. Its goals are to provide a rapid access to a comprehensive compilation of genes, expression data and functions implicated in germline development, meiosis, gamete formation, and gamete function in 11 key model systems and H. sapiens. At this time, the majority of cross-references in Swiss-Prot concern Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene expression data.
The identifiers of the appropriate DR line are:
Resource abbreviation GermOnline Resource identifier GermOnline's identifier for a gene. Example
| Swiss-Prot release 41.12 of 16-Jun-2003 |
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The feature key CROSSLNK has been introduced to describe bonds between amino acids, which are formed posttranslationally within a peptide or between peptides, such as isopeptidic bonds, carbon-carbon linkages, carbon-nitrogen linkages, thioether bonds, thiolester bonds, and backbone condensations.
Format:
FT CROSSLNK from to Description.
The initially defined controlled vocabulary is listed below:
1'-histidyl-3'-tyrosine (His-Tyr) 2-cysteinyl-L-phenylalanine (Cys-Phe) 2-cysteinyl-D-phenylalanine (Cys-Phe) 2-cysteinyl-D-allo-threonine (Cys-Thr) 2-iminomethyl-5-imidazolinone (Gln-Gly) 2-oxazoline (Cys-Ser) 2'-(S-cysteinyl)histidine (Cys-His) 3-cysteinyl-aspartic acid (Cys-Asp) 3'-histidyl-3-tyrosine (His-Tyr) 3'-(S-cysteinyl)-tyrosine (Cys-Tyr) 4-cysteinyl-glutamic acid (Cys-Glu) 4'-cysteinyl-tryptophylquinone (Cys-Trp) 5-imidazolinone (Ser-Gly) 5-imidazolinone (Ala-Gly) 5-imidazolinone (Cys-Gly) Beta-methyllanthionine (Cys-Thr) Beta-methyllanthionine (Thr-Cys) Beta-methyllanthionine sulfoxide (Cys-Thr) Isoaspartyl glycine isopeptide (Asn-Gly) Isoaspartyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Asn) (interchain with N- ) Isoaspartyl lysine isopeptide (Asn-Lys) (interchain with K- ) Isodityrosine (Tyr-Tyr) Isoglutamyl cysteine thioester (Gln-Cys) Isoglutamyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gln) Isoglutamyl lysine isopeptide (Gln-Lys) Isoglutamyl lysine isopeptide (Gln-Lys) (interchain with K- ) Isoglutamyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gln) (interchain with Q- ) Lanthionine (Ser-Cys) Lanthionine (Cys-Ser) Lysinoalanine (Lys-Ser) Lysine tyrosylquinone (Lys-Tyr) Lysinoalanine (Ser-Lys) Lysyl topaquinone (Lys-Tyr) N-isoaspartyl cysteine isopeptide (Asn-Cys) Oxazole (Cys-Ser) Oxazole (Gly-Ser) Pyrroloquinoline quinone (Glu-Tyr) S-(2-aminovinyl)-D-cysteine (Ser-Cys) S-(2-aminovinyl)-3-methyl-D-cysteine (Thr-Cys) Thiazole (Gly-Cys) Thiazole (Ser-Cys) Thiazole (Phe-Cys) Thiazole (Cys-Cys) Thiazole (Lys-Cys) Tryptophan tryptophylquinone (Trp-Trp) Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Gly-Lys) (interchain with K- ) Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G- ) Ubiquitinyl cysteine thioester (Cys)
Examples:
P01024: FT CROSSLNK 1010 1013 Isoglutamyl cysteine thioester (Cys-Gln).
P29827: FT CROSSLNK 60 77 Beta-methyllanthionine (Cys-Thr). FT CROSSLNK 63 73 Lanthionine (Ser-Cys). FT CROSSLNK 64 70 Beta-methyllanthionine (Cys-Thr). FT CROSSLNK 65 78 Lysinoalanine (Ser-Lys).
Note: The feature keys THIOETH and THIOLEST have been removed. Various bonds between amino-acids that used to be described by the feature keys BINDING, MOD_RES or SITE will progressively, in groups according the type of PTM, be modified and indicated by CROSSLNK. Disulfide bonds occur so often in proteins, that we decided to keep the special feature key DISULFID to annotate this kind of linkage.
New keywords:
| Swiss-Prot release 41.10 of 30-May-2003 |
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The RC (Reference Comment) line store comments relevant to the reference cited, in currently 5 distinct topics: PLASMID, SPECIES, STRAIN, TISSUE and TRANSPOSON. It is not always possible to list all information within one line. Therefore we allow multiple RC lines, in which one topic might span over a line. Example:
Q9EVG8: RC STRAIN=AZ.026, DC.005, GA.039, GA2181, IL.014, IN.018, KY.172, KY2.37, RC LA.013, MN.001, MNb027, MS.040, NY.016, OH.036, TN.173, TN2.38, RC UT.002, AL.012, AZ.180, MI.035, VA.015, and IL2.17;
We have added cross-references to the Genome Knowledgebase (GK) (available at http://www.genomeknowledge.org/), which is a collaboration among Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, The European Bioinformatics Institute, and The Gene Ontology Consortium to develop a curated resource of core pathways and reactions in human biology.
The identifiers of the appropriate DR line are:
Resource abbreviation GK Resource identifier GK's unique identifier for a protein, which is identical to the Swiss-Prot primary AC number of that protein. Example
We have added cross-references to the PIR SuperFamilies of iProClass (available at http://pir.georgetown.edu/iproclass/), which is an integrated protein classification database.
The identifiers of the appropriate DR line are:
Resource abbreviation PIRSF Resource identifier iProClass superfamily number. Optional information 1 Name for a superfamily. Optional information 2: Number of hits found in the sequence, which is generally '1'. Example
| Swiss-Prot release 41.1 of 25-Mar-2003 |
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In Swiss-Prot release 41.1 (and in the accompanying TrEMBL release), a new format was introduced for "CC ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS" lines. The new format is more structured than the previous format. Associated with these changes are the introduction of stable identifiers for each named splice isoform in all entries that describe more than one splice isoform; the extension of feature identifiers, previously only used for human VARIANT and certain CARBOHYD features, to VARSPLIC features in entries from all species.
The new format of the CC line topic ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS is:
CC -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: CC Event=Alternative promoter; CC Comment=Free text; CC Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=n; CC Comment=Optional free text; CC Name=Isoform_1; Synonyms=Synonym_1[, Synonym_n]; CC IsoId=Isoform_identifier_1[, Isoform_identifer_n]; CC Sequence=Displayed; CC Note=Free text; CC Name=Isoform_n; Synonyms=Synonym_1[, Synonym_n]; CC IsoId=Isoform_identifier_1[, Isoform_identifer_n]; CC Sequence=VSP_identifier_1 [, VSP_identifier_n]; CC Note=Free text; CC Event=Alternative initiation; CC Comment=Free text;
The qualifiers are described in the table below:
Topic Description Event Biological process that results in the production of the alternative forms (Alternative promoter, Alternative splicing, Alternative initiation).
Format: Event=controlled vocabulary;
Example: Event=Alternative splicing;Named isoforms Number of isoforms listed in the topics 'Name' currently only for 'Event=Alternative splicing'.
Format: Named isoforms=number;
Example: Named isoforms=6;Comment Any comments concerning one or more isoforms; optional for 'Alternative splicing'; in case of 'Alternative promoter' and 'Alternative initiation' there is always a 'Comment' of free text, which includes relevant information on the isoforms.
Format: Comment=free text;
Example: Comment=Experimental confirmation may be lacking for some isoforms;Name A common name for an isoform used in the literature or assigned by Swiss-Prot; currenty only available for spliced isoforms.
Format: Name=common name;
Example: Name=Alpha;Synonyms Synonyms for an isoform as used in the literature; optional; currently only available for spliced isoforms.
Format: Synonyms=Synonym_1[, Synonym_n];
Example: Synonyms=B, KL5;IsoId Unique identifier for an isoform, consisting of the Swiss-Prot accession number, followed by a dash and a number.
Format: IsoId=acc#-isoform_number[, acc#-isoform_number];
Example: IsoId=P05067-1;Sequence Information on the isoform sequence; the term Displayed indicates, that the sequence is shown in the entry; a list of feature identifiers (VSP_#) indicates that the isoform is annotated in the feature table; the FTIds enable programs to create the sequence of a splice variant; if the accession number of the IsoId does not correspond to the accession number of the current entry, this topic contains the term External; Not described points out that the sequence of the isoform is unknown.
Format: Sequence=VSP_#[, VSP_#]|Displayed|External|Not described;
Example: Sequence=Displayed;
Example: Sequence=VSP_000013, VSP_000014; Example: Sequence=External;
Example: Sequence=Not described;
Note Lists isoform-specific information; optional.
Format: Note=Free text;
Example: Note=No experimental confirmation available;
Example of the CC lines and the corresponding FT lines for an entry with alternative splicing Q15746:
... CC -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: CC Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=6; CC Name=1; CC IsoId=Q15746-4; Sequence=Displayed; CC Name=2; CC IsoId=Q15746-5; Sequence=VSP_000040; CC Name=3A; CC IsoId=Q15746-6; Sequence=VSP_000041, VSP_000043; CC Name=3B; CC IsoId=Q15746-7; Sequence=VSP_000040, VSP_000041, VSP_000042; CC Name=4; CC IsoId=Q15746-8; Sequence=VSP_000041, VSP_000042; CC Name=del-1790; CC IsoId=Q15746-9; Sequence=VSP_000044; ... FT VARSPLIC 437 506 VSGIPKPEVAWFLEGTPVRRQEGSIEVYEDAGSHYLCLLKA FT RTRDSGTYSCTASNAQGQVSCSWTLQVER -> G (in FT isoform 2 and isoform 3B). FT /FTId=VSP_004791. FT VARSPLIC 1433 1439 DEVEVSD -> MKWRCQT (in isoform 3A, FT isoform 3B and isoform 4). FT /FTId=VSP_004792. FT VARSPLIC 1473 1545 Missing (in isoform 4). FT /FTId=VSP_004793. FT VARSPLIC 1655 1705 Missing (in isoform 3A and isoform 3B). FT /FTId=VSP_004794. FT VARSPLIC 1790 1790 Missing (in isoform Del-1790). FT /FTId=VSP_004795. ...
The corresponding modules of the Swiss-Prot parser Swissknife have been modified, and Release 1.31 of Swissknife can be downloaded.
We have added cross-references to the Gene Ontology (GO) database (available at http://www.geneontology.org/), which provides controlled vocabularies for the description of the molecular function, biological process and cellular component of gene products.
The identifiers of the appropriate DR line are:
Resource abbreviation GO Resource identifier GO's unique identifier for a GO term. Optional information 1 A 1-letter abbreviation for one of the 3 ontology aspects, separated from the GO term by a column. If the term is longer than 46 characters, the first 43 characters are indicated followed by 3 dots ('...'). The abbreviations for the 3 distinct aspects of the ontology are P (biological Process), F (molecular Function), and C (cellular Component). Optional information 2 3-character GO evidence code. The meaning of the evidence codes is: IDA=inferred from direct assay, IMP=inferred from mutant phenotype, IGI=inferred from genetic interaction, IPI=inferred from physical interaction, IEP=inferred from expression pattern, TAS=traceable author statement, NAS=non-traceable author statement, IC=inferred by curator, ISS=inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Examples
New keywords:
Deleted keyword:
| Swiss-Prot release 41.0, 28-Feb-2003 |
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We are gradually converting Swiss-Prot entries from all UPPER CASE to MiXeD CaSe. With this release the RC (Reference Comment) line topic STRAIN and the CC line topic CATALYTIC ACTIVITY have been converted.
The OG (OrGanelle) line indicates from which genome a gene for a protein originates. Until now, defined terms in the OG line where "Chloroplast", "Cyanelle", "Mitochondrion" and "Plasmid". The term "Nucleomorph" has been added, which is the residual nucleus of an algal endosymbiont that resides inside its host cell.
Starting with release 41, there can be more than one RP (Reference Position) line per reference in a Swiss-Prot entry. The RP line describes the extent of the work carried out by the authors of the reference, e.g. the type of molecule that has been sequenced, protein characterization, PTM characterization, protein structure analysis, variation detection, etc.
As the number of experimental results per publication has increased over the years, the limitation of using a single RP line per reference no longer allowed to add all the information while maintaining a consistent format. Therefore we decided to permit multiple RP lines.
Example:
RP SEQUENCE FROM N.A., SEQUENCE OF 23-42 AND 351-365, AND RP CHARACTERIZATION.
We have added cross-references to the Schizosaccharomyces pombe GeneDB Prototype (available at http://www.genedb.org/genedb/pombe/index.jsp), which contains all S. pombe known and predicted protein coding genes, pseudogenes and tRNAs. It is hosted by the Sanger Institute.
The identifiers of the appropriate DR line are:
Resource abbreviation GeneDB_SPombe Resource identifier GeneDB's unique identifier for a S. pombe gene. Example
We have added cross-references to the Human Gene Nomenclature Database Genew (available at http://www.gene.ucl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/nomenclature/searchgenes.pl), which provides data for all human genes which have approved symbols. It is managed by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC).
The identifiers of the appropriate DR line are:
Resource abbreviation Genew Resource identifier HGNC's unique identifier for a human gene Optional information 1 HGNC's approved gene symbol. Example
We have added cross-references to the Gramene database, a comparative mapping resource for grains (available at http://www.gramene.org/).
The format of the explicit links is:
Resource abbreviation Gramene Resource identifier Unique identifier for a protein, which is identical to the Swiss-Prot primary AC number of that protein. Example
We have added cross-references to the collection of orthologous microbial protein families, generated manually by expert curators of the HAMAP (High-quality Automated and Manual Annotation of microbial Proteomes) project in the framework of the Swiss-Prot protein knowledgebase. The data is accessible at /sprot/hamap/families.html.
The identifiers of the appropriate DR line are:
Resource abbreviation HAMAP Resource identifier HAMAP unique identifier for a microbe protein family Optional information 1 The values are either '-', 'fused', 'atypical' or 'atypical/fused'. The value '-' is a placeholder for an empty field; the 'fused' value indicates that the family rule does not cover the entire protein; the value 'atypical' points out that the protein is divergent in sequence or has mutated functional sites, and should not be included in family datasets. The value 'atypical/fused' indicates both latter findings. Optional information 2 Number of domains found in the protein, generally '1', rarely '2' for the fusion of 2 identical domains. Example
We have added cross-references to the Phosphorylation Site Database, PhosSite (available at http://vigen.biochem.vt.edu/xpd/xpd.htm), which provides access to information from scientific literature concerning prokaryotic proteins that undergo covalent phosphorylation on the hydroxyl side chains of serine, threonine or tyrosine residues.
The identifiers of the appropriate DR line are:
Resource abbreviation PhosSite Resource identifier Unique identifier for a phosphoprotein, which is identical to the Swiss-Prot primary AC number of that protein. Example
We have added cross-references to TIGRFAMs, a protein family database available at http://www.tigr.org/TIGRFAMs/.
The identifiers of the appropriate DR line are:
Resource abbreviation TIGRFAMs Resource identifier TIGRFAMs' unique identifier for a protein family. Optional information 1 TIGRFAMs' entry name for a protein family. Optional information 2 Number of hits found in the sequence. Example
We have removed the Swiss-Prot cross-references to CarbBank.
We have removed the Swiss-Prot cross-references to GCRDb.
We have removed the Swiss-Prot cross-references to Mendel.
We have removed the Swiss-Prot cross-references to the yeast electrophoresis protein database (YEPD).
In human protein sequence entries we have introduced explicit links to the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism database (dbSNP) from the feature description of FT VARIANT keys.
The format of such links is:
FT VARIANT from to description (IN dbSNP:accession_number). FT /FTId=VAR_number.Example:
FT VARIANT 65 65 T -> I (IN dbSNP:1065419). FT /FTId=VAR_012009.
The feature key SIMILAR was used to describe the extent of a similarity with another protein sequence. Nowadays, most domains with similarity to other proteins are known regions described in domain and family databases, which are annotated in Swiss-Prot with the feature key DOMAIN or REPEAT and the comment (CC) line topic SIMILARITY; thus the feature key SIMILAR became obsolete and will not be used again.
A distribution version of Swiss-Prot and TrEMBL in XML format is being developed. The first draft of the XML specification was released for public review on February 21, 2002.