pathlist.txt
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
UniProt - Swiss-Prot Protein Knowledgebase
SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics; Geneva, Switzerland
European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI); Hinxton, United Kingdom
Protein Information Resource (PIR); Washington DC, USA
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Description: Controlled vocabulary of metabolic pathways
Name: pathlist.txt
Release: 2013_05 of 01-May-2013
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
This document lists the UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot controlled vocabulary used
for the metabolic pathways in the PATHWAY lines.
It provides definitions of the terms as well as other relevant information
for the following UniPathway concepts:
* Pathway
* Sub-pathway
* Enzymatic reaction (step)
It follows the format below:
--------- ------------------------------- ----------------------------
Line code Content Occurrence in an entry
--------- ------------------------------- ----------------------------
ID Identifier Once; starts an entry
AC Accession number Once
CL UniPathway class Once
DE Definition Once or more
SY Synonym(s) Optional; once or more
HI Relationship is-a Optional; once or more
HP Relationship part-of Optional; once or more
DR Cross-reference(s) Optional; once or more
// Terminator Once; ends an entry
This controlled vocabulary is provided by the UniPathway project
(http://www.grenoble.prabi.fr/obiwarehouse/unipathway), a collaborative
effort involving the SIB (http://www.isb-sib.ch/) and the INRIA
(http://www.inrialpes.fr/)
___________________________________________________________________________
ID lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis.
AC UPA00030
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS comprises three parts:
DE i) polysaccharide (O) side chains (O-antigen); ii) core
DE oligosaccharide; iii) lipid A. Lipid A contains unusual fatty acids
DE (e.g. hydroxy-myristic acid) and is inserted into the outer membrane
DE while the rest of the LPS projects from the surface. Core
DE oligosaccharide contains unusual sugars (e.g. KDO, keto-
DE deoxyoctulonate and heptulose). It contains two glucosamine sugar
DE derivatives each containing three fatty acids with phosphate or
DE pyrophosphate attached. The core polysaccharide is attached to lipid
DE A, which is also in part responsible for the toxicity of gram-negative
DE bacteria. The polysaccharide side chain is referred as the O-antigen
DE of the bacteria. O side chain (O-antigen) is also a polysaccharide
DE chain that extends from the core polysaccharide. LPS are major
DE components of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, contributing
DE greatly to the structural integrity of the bacteria, and protecting
DE the membrane from certain kinds of chemical attack. By increasing the
DE negative charge of the cell wall LSP helps stabilize the overall
DE membrane structure. LPS forms the amphipathic interface between Gram-
DE negative bacteria and their environment and contributes protection
DE against antibiotics and the complement system. The alternative name,
DE endotoxin, is indicative of the capacity to cause septic shock by
DE hyperstimulation of the immune system.
SY LPS biosynthesis; endotoxin biosynthesis.
HI UPA00324; bacterial outer membrane biogenesis.
DR PubMed; 12045108.
DR PubMed; 11521077.
DR PubMed; 16953973.
DR GO; GO:0009103; P:lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic process.
//
ID nitrogen metabolism.
AC UPA00045
CL Pathway.
DE The chemical reactions and physical changes involving various organic
DE and inorganic nitrogenous compounds; includes nitrogen fixation,
DE nitrification, denitrification, assimilatory/dissimilatory nitrate
DE reduction and the interconversion of nitrogenous organic matter and
DE ammonium.
HI UPA00426; energy metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006807; P:nitrogen compound metabolic process.
//
ID steroid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00062
CL Pathway.
DE The formation from simpler components of steroid compounds. A steroid
DE is a terpenoid lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton with four
DE fused rings, generally arranged in a 6-6-6-5 fashion. Steroids vary by
DE the functional groups attached to these rings and the oxidation state
DE of the rings. Hundreds of distinct steroids are found in plants,
DE animals, and fungi. All steroids are made in cells either from the
DE sterol lanosterol (animals and fungi) or the sterol cycloartenol
DE (plants). Both sterols are derived from the cyclization of the
DE triterpene squalene.
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006694; P:steroid biosynthetic process.
//
ID phospholipid metabolism.
AC UPA00085
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a
DE mono- or diester.
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006644; P:phospholipid metabolic process.
//
ID photosynthesis.
AC UPA00091
CL Pathway.
DE Photosynthesis is a biochemical process in which plants, algae, and
DE some bacteria harness the energy of light to produce simple nutrient
DE molecules, such as glucose. During photosynthesis, simple sugars are
DE produced by combining carbon dioxide and water using light (sunlight)
DE as an energy source and producing oxygen as a by-product. Notice that
DE some forms of photosynthesis do not release oxygen. The synthesis by
DE organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates,
DE from carbon dioxide (CO2) using energy obtained from light rather than
DE from the oxidation of chemical compounds. [source: GO] The
DE carboxylation process is generally known as CO2 fixation (carbon
DE fixation), and the oxygenation process is known as photorespiration. .
HI UPA00426; energy metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0015979; P:photosynthesis.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7fd0>.
//
ID sulfur metabolism.
AC UPA00096
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of compound containing sulfur.
HI UPA00426; energy metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006790; P:sulfur compound metabolic process.
//
ID xenobiotic degradation.
AC UPA00105
CL Pathway.
DE The breakdown into simpler components of xenobiotics, chemical
DE substances that are foreign to the biological system.
SY xenobiotic catabolism; xenobiotic biodegradation.
DR GO; GO:0042178; P:xenobiotic catabolic process.
//
ID amino-sugar metabolism.
AC UPA00216
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of amino-sugar compounds.
SY aminosugar metabolism; amino sugar metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006040; P:amino sugar metabolic process.
//
ID sphingolipid metabolism.
AC UPA00222
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of sphingolipid compounds, any of a class of lipids
DE containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related
DE base (a sphingoid). There are three main types of sphingolipids:
DE ceramides, sphingomyelins and glycosphingolipids.
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006665; P:sphingolipid metabolic process.
//
ID glycerolipid metabolism.
AC UPA00230
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of glycerolipids.
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0046486; P:glycerolipid metabolic process.
//
ID amine and polyamine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00289
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of amines and polyamines. These compounds play a variety
DE of roles in metabolism, including acting as osmoprotectants, keeping
DE DNA in a condensed state, and serving as intermediates in the
DE synthesis of macromolecules. The polyamines, e.g. 1,3-diaminopropane,
DE putrescine, cadaverine, agmatine, spermidine and spermine, are wide-
DE spread in all organisms, and have been shown to play a role in the
DE regulation of growth and differentiation of virtually all types of
DE cells.
DR PubMed; 3157043.
DR GO; GO:0009309; P:amine biosynthetic process.
DR GO; GO:0006596; P:polyamine biosynthetic process.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a992716d0>.
//
ID antibiotic biosynthesis.
AC UPA00295
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of organic compounds able to kill bacteria, or inhibit
DE their growth.
DR GO; GO:0017000; P:antibiotic biosynthetic process.
//
ID siderophore biosynthesis.
AC UPA00302
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of iron-sequestering compounds. The production of
DE siderophores is a key feature which enables pathogenic bacteria to
DE survive within the vertebrate host. Siderophores facilitate the
DE solubilization and transport of ferric iron into the cell essential
DE requirement for bacterial growth.
SY siderochrome biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0019290; P:siderophore biosynthetic process.
//
ID nucleotide-sugar biosynthesis.
AC UPA00304
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide in which the distal
DE phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic
DE linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative. [source:
DE GO].
DR GO; GO:0009226; P:nucleotide-sugar biosynthetic process.
//
ID alkene biosynthesis.
AC UPA00305
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of alkene, unsaturated chemical compound containing at
DE least one carbon-to-carbon double bond.
SY olefin biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0043450; P:alkene biosynthetic process.
//
ID pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism.
AC UPA00313
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of pyrimidine nucleotides.
HI UPA00486; nucleotide metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006220; P:pyrimidine nucleotide metabolic process.
//
ID biopolymer metabolism.
AC UPA00316
CL Pathway.
DE The chemical reactions and pathways involving biopolymers, long,
DE repeating chains of monomers found in nature e.g. polysaccharides and
DE proteins. [source: GO].
DR GO; GO:0043170; P:macromolecule metabolic process.
//
ID bacterial outer membrane biogenesis.
AC UPA00324
CL Pathway.
DE Biogenesis of bacterial outer membrane constituents. .
//
ID hydrocarbon metabolism.
AC UPA00325
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of hydrocarbons, organic compound consisting entirely of
DE hydrogen and carbon. Saturated hydrocarbons are called alkanes.
DE Unsaturated hydrocarbons with one double bond are called alkenes.
//
ID carotenoid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00386
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of carotenoids, a group of essential photoprotective and
DE antioxidant pigments that are naturally occurring in plants and some
DE other photosynthetic organisms like algae, some types of fungus and
DE some bacteria. There are over 600 known carotenoids; they are split
DE into two classes, xanthophylls and carotenes. The most important
DE function of carotenoid pigments, especially beta-carotene in higher
DE plants, is to protect organisms against photooxidative damage.
DE Carotenoid biosynthesis involves a series of desaturations,
DE cyclizations, hydroxylations and epoxydations commencing with the
DE formation of phytoene.
HI UPA00416; isoprenoid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 11884677.
DR GO; GO:0016117; P:carotenoid biosynthetic process.
//
ID cofactor metabolism.
AC UPA00398
CL Pathway.
DE The chemical reactions and physical changes of a cofactor, a substance
DE that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein.
DE Cofactors may be inorganic, such as the metal atoms zinc, iron, and
DE copper in certain forms, or organic. Cofactors may either be bound
DE tightly to active sites or bind loosely with the substrate.
DR GO; GO:0051186; P:cofactor metabolic process.
//
ID cofactor biosynthesis.
AC UPA00399
CL Pathway.
DE The formation from simpler components of a cofactor, a non-protein
DE chemical substance that is tightly bound to an enzyme and is required
DE for catalysis. Cofactors can be considered "helper molecules/ions"
DE that assist in biochemical transformations. Coenzyme biosynthesis
DE pathways, e.g coenzyme A biosynthesis are considered under this
DE pathway-category.
DR GO; GO:0051188; P:cofactor biosynthetic process.
//
ID amino-acid metabolism.
AC UPA00401
CL Pathway.
DE metabolism of amino-acids, a group of organic compound containing an
DE amino group (NH2), a carboxylic acid group (COOH), and any of various
DE side groups, especially any of the 20 compounds that have the basic
DE formula NH2CHRCOOH, and that link together by peptide bonds to form
DE proteins or that function as chemical messengers and as intermediates
DE in metabolism. Amino-acids are the precursors of many molecules such
DE as purines, pyrimidines, histamines, adrenaline and melanin.
SY AA metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006520; P:cellular amino acid metabolic process.
//
ID amino-acid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00402
CL Pathway.
DE The formation from simpler components of amino-acids, organic acids
DE containing one or more amino substituents.
SY naturally-occuring amino-acid biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0008652; P:cellular amino acid biosynthetic process.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a99274490>.
//
ID ketone metabolism.
AC UPA00408
CL Pathway.
DE The chemical reactions and physical changes involving any of a class
DE of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which
DE the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula
DE for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups.
DR GO; GO:0042180; P:cellular ketone metabolic process.
//
ID ketone biosynthesis.
AC UPA00409
CL Pathway.
DE The formation from simpler components of ketones, a class of organic
DE compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the
DE carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for
DE a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups.
DR GO; GO:0042181; P:ketone biosynthetic process.
//
ID ketone degradation.
AC UPA00410
CL Pathway.
DE The degradation of ketones, a class of organic compounds that contain
DE the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only
DE to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and
DE R are alkyl or aryl groups.
DR GO; GO:0042182; P:ketone catabolic process.
//
ID carbohydrate metabolism.
AC UPA00411
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are essential structural
DE component of living cells and source of energy. They include simple
DE sugars with small molecules as well as macromolecular substances.
DE Carbohydrates are any of a group of organic compounds based of the
DE general formula Cx(H2O)y. Carbohydrates are classified according to
DE the number of monosaccharide groups they contain.
SY saccharide metabolism; sugar metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0005975; P:carbohydrate metabolic process.
//
ID carbohydrate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00412
CL Pathway.
DE The formation from simpler components of carbohydrates. Carbohydrates
DE are essential structural component of living cells and source of
DE energy. They include simple sugars with small molecules as well as
DE macromolecular substances. Carbohydrates are any of a group of organic
DE compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. Carbohydrates are
DE classified according to the number of monosaccharide groups they
DE contain.
SY saccharide biosynthesis; sugar biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0016051; P:carbohydrate biosynthetic process.
//
ID carbohydrate degradation.
AC UPA00413
CL Pathway.
DE The degradation into simpler components of carbohydrates, any of a
DE group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
DR GO; GO:0016052; P:carbohydrate catabolic process.
//
ID metabolic intermediate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00415
CL Pathway.
DE The formation from simpler components of compounds acting as metabolic
DE intermediates.
//
ID isoprenoid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00416
CL Pathway.
DE The formation from simpler components of isoprene derivatives.
DE Isoprene is the chemical 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene. It is a common
DE structural motif in biological systems. The terpenes (for example, the
DE carotenes are tetraterpenes) are derived from isoprene, as are the
DE terpenoids and coenzyme Q. Also derived from isoprene are phytol,
DE retinol (vitamin A) , tocopherol (vitamin E), dolichols, and squalene.
DE Heme A has an isoprenoid tail, and lanosterol, the sterol precursor in
DE animals, is derived from squalene and hence from isoprene. The
DE functional isoprene units in biological systems are dimethylallyl
DE pyrophosphate (DMAPP) and its isomer isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP),
DE which are used in the biosynthesis of terpenes and lanosterol
DE derivatives.
DR GO; GO:0008299; P:isoprenoid biosynthetic process.
//
ID phytoalexin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00421
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of phytoalexins, a group of antibiotics produced by
DE plants that are under attack. Phytoalexins tend to fall into several
DE classes including terpenoids, glycosteroids and alkaloids. It is
DE convenient to extend the definition to include all phytochemicals that
DE are part of the plant's defensive arsenal. Phytoalexins produced in
DE plants act as toxins to the attacking organism. .
DR GO; GO:0052315; P:phytoalexin biosynthetic process.
//
ID terpene metabolism.
AC UPA00423
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of terpenes, a class of hydrocarbons produced by many
DE plants, particularly conifers. Terpenes are major components of resin,
DE and of turpentine produced from resin. The name 'terpene' comes from
DE 'turpentine'. Terpenes are derived from isoprene C5H8 units and have
DE the basic formula of multiples of it, i.e., (C5H8)n. The isoprene
DE units can be arranged in a linear way or forming rings. One can
DE consider isoprene as one of nature's preferred building blocks.
DE Terpenes can be classified according to the number of isoprene units
DE that they contain: * Monoterpenes, C10H16, 2 isoprene units *
DE Sesquiterpenes, C15H24, 3 isoprene units * Diterpenes, C20H32, 4
DE isoprene units * Triterpenes, C30H48, 6 isoprene units *
DE Tetraterpenes, C40H60, 8 isoprene units * Polyterpenes with a large
DE number of isoprene units If terpenes are further modified, for
DE instance by adding hydroxyl groups or moving or removing a methyl
DE group, the resulting compounds are called terpenoids. (Some authors
DE also call these compounds terpenes.) [wikipedia].
DR GO; GO:0042214; P:terpene metabolic process.
//
ID nucleotide biosynthesis.
AC UPA00424
CL Pathway.
DE The formation from simpler components of nucleotides, any nucleoside
DE that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any
DE hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or
DE triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside
DE cyclic phosphates).
DR GO; GO:0009165; P:nucleotide biosynthetic process.
//
ID nucleoside biosynthesis.
AC UPA00425
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of nucleosides. Nucleosides are glycosylamines made by
DE attaching a nucleobase (often referred to simply as bases) to a ribose
DE or deoxyribose ring. In short, a nucleoside is a base linked to sugar.
DR GO; GO:0009163; P:nucleoside biosynthetic process.
//
ID energy metabolism.
AC UPA00426
CL Pathway.
DE The chemical reactions involved in energy transformations within
DE cells. .
DR GO; GO:0006112; P:energy reserve metabolic process.
DR GO; GO:0006091; P:generation of precursor metabolites and energy.
//
ID amino-acid degradation.
AC UPA00427
CL Pathway.
DE The breakdown into simpler components of amino-acids, organic acids
DE containing one or more amino substituents.
SY amino-acid catabolism.
DR GO; GO:0009063; P:cellular amino acid catabolic process.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a99274450>.
//
ID aromatic compound metabolism.
AC UPA00433
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of aromatic compounds.
DR GO; GO:0006725; P:cellular aromatic compound metabolic process.
//
ID hormone biosynthesis.
AC UPA00435
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of hormone, a chemical messenger from one cell (or group
DE of cells) to another. Plant hormones pathways are described as
DE phytohormone biosynthesis pathways.
DR GO; GO:0042446; P:hormone biosynthetic process.
//
ID lipid metabolism.
AC UPA00436
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of lipid compounds.
DR GO; GO:0006629; P:lipid metabolic process.
//
ID plant hormone metabolism.
AC UPA00437
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of plant hormones (plant growth regulators, PGRs,
DE phytohormons). Plant hormones are internally-secreted chemicals in
DE plants that are used for regulating the plant growth. According to a
DE standard definition, plant hormones are signal molecules produced at
DE specific locations, that occur in very low concentrations, and cause
DE altered processes in target cells at other locations. It is accepted
DE that there are five major classes of plant hormones: auxins,
DE cytokinins(CK's), ethylene, gibberellins (GA's) and abscisic acid
DE (ABA).
SY phytohormone metabolism; plant growth regulator metabolism; PGR
SY metabolism.
//
ID plant hormone biosynthesis.
AC UPA00438
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of plant hormones (plant growth regulators, PGRs,
DE phytohormons).
SY plant growth regulator biosynthesis; phytohormone biosynthesis; PGR
SY biosynthesis.
//
ID plant hormone degradation.
AC UPA00439
CL Pathway.
DE degradation of plant hormones (plant growth regulators, PGRs,
DE phytohormons).
SY plant growth regulator degradation; phytohormone degradation; PGR
SY degradation.
//
ID glycan metabolism.
AC UPA00441
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of glycan polymers. The term glycan refers to a
DE polysaccharide, or oligosaccharide. Glycan may also be used to refer
DE to the carbohydrate portion of a glycoconjugate, such as a
DE glycoprotein, glycolipid, or a proteoglycan. .
SY polysaccharide metabolism; oligosaccharide metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0005976; P:polysaccharide metabolic process.
//
ID glycan degradation.
AC UPA00442
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of glycan polymers. The term glycan refers to a
DE polysaccharide, or oligosaccharide. Glycan may also be used to refer
DE to the carbohydrate portion of a glycoconjugate, such as a
DE glycoprotein, glycolipid, or a proteoglycan. .
SY polysaccharide degradation; oligosaccharide degradation.
DR GO; GO:0000272; P:polysaccharide catabolic process.
//
ID one-carbon metabolism.
AC UPA00445
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolic pathways related to the flow of one-carbon units into
DE cellular compounds.
SY C1 compound metabolism; 1C unit metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006730; P:one-carbon metabolic process.
//
ID alkaloid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00446
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of alkaloids, nitrogen-containing natural products which
DE are not otherwise classified as nonprotein amino acids, amines,
DE peptides, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors,
DE phytohormones, or primary metabolite (such as purine or pyrimidine
DE bases). [GO].
DR GO; GO:0009821; P:alkaloid biosynthetic process.
//
ID alkaloid degradation.
AC UPA00447
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of alkaloids.
DR GO; GO:0009822; P:alkaloid catabolic process.
//
ID sesquiterpene biosynthesis.
AC UPA00449
CL Pathway.
DE The formation from simpler components of sesquiterpenes.
DE Sesquiterpenes are a class of terpenes that consist of three isoprene
DE units and have the molecular formula C15H24. Like monoterpenes,
DE sesquiterpenes may be acyclic or contain rings, including many unique
DE combinations. Biochemical modifications such as oxidation or
DE rearrangement produce the related sesquiterpenoids.
SY sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0051762; P:sesquiterpene biosynthetic process.
//
ID lipopolysaccharide metabolism.
AC UPA00451
CL Pathway.
DE The chemical reactions involving lipopolysaccharides, any of a group
DE of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of
DE Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist three covalently
DE linked regions, lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and an O side chain.
DE Lipid A is responsible for the toxicity of the lipopolysaccharide.
HI UPA00324; bacterial outer membrane biogenesis.
DR GO; GO:0008653; P:lipopolysaccharide metabolic process.
//
ID amine and polyamine metabolism.
AC UPA00455
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of amines and polyamines. These compounds play a variety of
DE roles in metabolism, including acting as osmoprotectants, keeping DNA
DE in a condensed state, and serving as intermediates in the synthesis of
DE macromolecules. The polyamines, e.g. 1,3-diaminopropane, putrescine,
DE cadaverine, agmatine, spermidine and spermine, are wide-spread in all
DE organisms, and have been shown to play a role in the regulation of
DE growth and differentiation of virtually all types of cells.
DR PubMed; 12641342.
DR PubMed; 12927050.
DR GO; GO:0009308; P:amine metabolic process.
DR GO; GO:0006595; P:polyamine metabolic process.
//
ID amine and polyamine degradation.
AC UPA00456
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of amines and polyamines. .
DR GO; GO:0009310; P:amine catabolic process.
DR GO; GO:0006598; P:polyamine catabolic process.
//
ID protein biosynthesis.
AC UPA00458
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of proteins.
DR GO; GO:0006412; P:translation.
//
ID pheromone biosynthesis.
AC UPA00459
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of pheromones. A pheromone is a chemical that triggers an
DE innate behavioural response in another member of the same species.
DE There are alarm pheromones, food trail pheromones, sex pheromones, and
DE many others that affect behavior or physiology.
DR GO; GO:0042811; P:pheromone biosynthetic process.
//
ID protein modification.
AC UPA00460
CL Pathway.
DE Proteins are subjected to three classes of protein modifications, i.e.
DE pre-, co- and post-translational modifications. A majority of
DE modifications are made when the protein is already folded; these are
DE genuine post-translational modifications (PTMs). Some modifications
DE are made while the polypeptide is still being synthesized on the
DE ribosome; these are co-translational modifications. A few 'non-
DE standard' amino-acids are incorporated into proteins by modification
DE of some 'standard' amino-acids while they are charged on special
DE tRNAs; these are pre-translational modifications.
DR GO; GO:0006464; P:protein modification process.
//
ID secondary metabolite biosynthesis.
AC UPA00464
CL Pathway.
DE The formation from simpler components of secondary metabolites.
//
ID secondary metabolite metabolism.
AC UPA00465
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites are those
DE chemical compounds in organisms that are not directly involved in the
DE normal growth, development or reproduction of organisms. Typically
DE primary metabolites are found across all species within broad
DE phylogenetic groupings, and are produced using the same pathway (or
DE nearly the same pathway) in all these species. Secondary metabolites,
DE by contrast, are often species- specific (or found in only a small set
DE of species in a narrow phylogenetic group), and without these
DE compounds the organism suffers from only a mild impairment, lowered
DE survivability/fecundity, aesthetic differences, or else no change in
DE phenotype at all [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_metabolite].
//
ID protein degradation.
AC UPA00468
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of cellular proteins.
SY proteolysis.
DR GO; GO:0044257; P:cellular protein catabolic process.
//
ID polyketide biosynthesis.
AC UPA00473
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of polyketides, a large group of complex natural products
DE produced mainly by species of Streptomyces and related filamentous
DE bacteria that include antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer,
DE antiparasitic and immunosuppressant compounds. Despite their
DE structures being strikingly diverse, they share a common pattern of
DE biosynthesis in which simple carboxylic acid units are condensed onto
DE the growing chain by a polyketide synthase (PKS) in a process
DE resembling fatty acid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 8257119.
DR PubMed; 2088174.
DR GO; GO:0030639; P:polyketide biosynthetic process.
//
ID phytotoxin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00477
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of phytotoxins.
//
ID mycotoxin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00478
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of mycotoxins, a group of toxins produced by fungus
DE (mushrooms, molds and yeasts).
DR GO; GO:0043386; P:mycotoxin biosynthetic process.
//
ID antifungal biosynthesis.
AC UPA00479
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of antifungal compounds.
//
ID tRNA modification.
AC UPA00481
CL Pathway.
DE The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within a tRNA
DE molecule to produce a tRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from
DE that coded genetically [source: GO]. Transfer RNA (tRNA) is
DE structurally unique among nucleic acids in harboring an astonishing
DE diversity of post-transcriptionally modified nucleoside. Over 80
DE modified nucleosides have been characterized. The nature of nucleoside
DE modification varies from simple methylation to extensive
DE "hypermodification" of the canonical bases. Two of the most radically
DE modified nucleosides known to occur in tRNA are queuosine and
DE archaeosine, both of which are characterized by a 7-deazaguanosine
DE core structure.
SY transfer RNA modification.
DR PubMed; 12697167.
DR GO; GO:0006400; P:tRNA modification.
//
ID cofactor degradation.
AC UPA00483
CL Pathway.
DE Pathways involved in the degradation of cofactors.
DR GO; GO:0051187; P:cofactor catabolic process.
//
ID glycan biosynthesis.
AC UPA00484
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of glycan (polysaccharide) polymers. Glycan may also be
DE used to refer to the carbohydrate portion of a glycoconjugate, such as
DE a glycoprotein or a proteoglycan. Glycans usually consist solely of
DE O-glycosidic linkages of monosaccharides (cellulose is a glycan
DE composed of beta-1,4-linked D-glucose; chitin is a glycan composed of
DE beta-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine). Glycans can be homo or
DE heteropolymers of monosaccharide residues, and can be linear or
DE branched.
SY polysaccharide biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0000271; P:polysaccharide biosynthetic process.
//
ID genetic information processing.
AC UPA00485
CL Pathway.
DE Processing of genetic information.
//
ID nucleotide metabolism.
AC UPA00486
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of nucleotides.
DR GO; GO:0009117; P:nucleotide metabolic process.
//
ID polyester biosynthesis.
AC UPA00487
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of polyester, a category of polymers which contain the
DE ester functional group in their main chain.
//
ID metabolic intermediate metabolism.
AC UPA00496
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of metabolic intermediate compounds.
//
ID metabolic intermediate degradation.
AC UPA00498
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of metabolic intermediate compounds.
//
ID pigment biosynthesis.
AC UPA00499
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of pigments.
DR GO; GO:0046148; P:pigment biosynthetic process.
//
ID steroid metabolism.
AC UPA00504
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of steroids. A steroid is a terpenoid lipid characterized
DE by a carbon skeleton with four fused rings, derived from the
DE cyclization of the triterpene squalene. Different steroids vary in the
DE functional groups attached to these rings.
DR GO; GO:0008202; P:steroid metabolic process.
//
ID glycolipid metabolism.
AC UPA00505
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of glycolipids, compounds containing (usually) 1-4 linked
DE monosaccharide residues joined by a glycosyl linkage to a lipid.
DR GO; GO:0006664; P:glycolipid metabolic process.
//
ID glycolipid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00506
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of glycolipids (e.g glycosylphosphatidylinositol).
DR GO; GO:0009247; P:glycolipid biosynthetic process.
//
ID organosulfur biosynthesis.
AC UPA00521
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of organosulfurs, organic compounds that contain sulfur.
//
ID organosulfur degradation.
AC UPA00522
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of organosulfurs, organic compounds that contain sulfur.
//
ID cell wall biogenesis.
AC UPA00547
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of cell wall components.
SY cell wall biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0042546; P:cell wall biogenesis.
//
ID cell wall degradation.
AC UPA00548
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of cell wall components.
DR GO; GO:0016998; P:cell wall macromolecule catabolic process.
//
ID thermoadapter biosynthesis.
AC UPA00550
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of thermoadapter, low molecular-weight compounds with
DE thermoadaptive function (e.g cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate).
//
ID fermentation.
AC UPA00553
CL Pathway.
DE Fermentation is the anaerobic enzymatic conversion of organic
DE compounds, especially carbohydrates, to other compounds, especially to
DE ethyl alcohol, yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate
DE (ATP). [source: GO].
SY anaerobic respiration.
DR GO; GO:0006113; P:fermentation.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a99275310>.
//
ID pyrimidine metabolism.
AC UPA00570
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of pyrimidine derivative compounds (nucleotides,
DE nucleosides, nucleobases). .
SY pyrimidine derivative metabolism.
//
ID purine metabolism.
AC UPA00583
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of purine derivative compounds (nucleotides, nucleosides,
DE nucleobases). .
SY purine derivative metabolism.
//
ID alcohol metabolism.
AC UPA00611
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of alcohol compounds.
DR GO; GO:0006066; P:alcohol metabolic process.
//
ID polyol metabolism.
AC UPA00613
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of polyol compounds.
DR GO; GO:0019751; P:polyol metabolic process.
//
ID exopolysaccharide biosynthesis.
AC UPA00631
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of exopolysaccharide compounds. Pseudomonas solanacearum.
SY EPS biosynthesis.
HI UPA00441; glycan metabolism.
DR PubMed; 7476194.
DR PubMed; 8626297.
//
ID porphyrin metabolism.
AC UPA00677
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of porphyrins. Porphyrin is a heterocyclic macrocycle made
DE from 4 pyrrole subunits linked on opposite sides (alpha position)
DE through 4 methine bridges (=CH-). Porphyrins combine readily with
DE metals, coordinating with them in the central cavity. Iron- (heme),
DE magnesium- (chlorophyll), zinc-, copper-, nickel-, and cobalt-
DE containing porphyrins are known, and many other metals can be
DE inserted.
DR GO; GO:0006778; P:porphyrin metabolic process.
//
ID porphyrin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00678
CL Pathway.
DE The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any
DE member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin.
DR GO; GO:0006779; P:porphyrin biosynthetic process.
//
ID porphyrin degradation.
AC UPA00679
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs
DE of porphyrin.
DR GO; GO:0006787; P:porphyrin catabolic process.
//
ID organic acid metabolism.
AC UPA00698
CL Pathway.
DE The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic acids, any
DE acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. [GO:0006082].
DR GO; GO:0006082; P:organic acid metabolic process.
//
ID flavonoid metabolism.
AC UPA00709
CL Pathway.
DE The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavonoids, a group of
DE water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton
DE including flavones, flavonols and flavanoids, and anthocyanins.
DE [source: GO].
DR GO; GO:0009812; P:flavonoid metabolic process.
//
ID phenylpropanoid metabolism.
AC UPA00710
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of phenylpropanoids, a group of compounds that are widely
DE available in natural environments. Phenylpropanoids can originate from
DE putrefaction of proteins in soil or as breakdown products of several
DE constituents of plants, such as lignin, various oils, and resins.
DR GO; GO:0009698; P:phenylpropanoid metabolic process.
//
ID opine metabolism.
AC UPA00735
CL Pathway.
DE Crown gall tumors and hairy roots are plant neoplasias induced by
DE pathogenic members of the genus Agrobacterium. The transformed plant
DE cells are characterized by low MW compounds called opines. The
DE biosynthesis of these compounds is mediated by specific enzymes
DE encoded by genes contained in a small segment of DNA (known as the
DE T-DNA, for 'transfer DNA') inserted by the pathogen bacterium in the
DE plant genome during infection. The opines produced by plant tumors
DE serve as nutrient sources for the pathogenic agrobacteria. Each strain
DE of Agrobacterium induces and catabolizes a specific set of opines.
//
ID catecholamine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00746
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of catecholamines, a group of chemical compounds derived
DE from the amino-acid tyrosine containing catechol and amine groups. The
DE most abundant catecholamines are adrenaline (epinephrine),
DE noradrenaline (norepinephrine) and dopamine.
DR GO; GO:0042423; P:catecholamine biosynthetic process.
//
ID alkene metabolism.
AC UPA00777
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of alkene compounds, unsaturated hydrcarbons containing at
DE least one carbon-to-carbon double bond.
SY olefin metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0043449; P:cellular alkene metabolic process.
//
ID carbohydrate acid metabolism.
AC UPA00857
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of carbohydrate acid compounds.
//
ID aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis.
AC UPA00905
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond
DE between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA,
DE usually catalyzed by the cognate aminoacyl-tRNA ligase.
SY tRNA aminoacylation; tRNA charching.
DR GO; GO:0043039; P:tRNA aminoacylation.
//
ID mRNA processing.
AC UPA00921
CL Pathway.
DE Conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into one or more functional
DE mRNA(s). This includes 5' capping, 3' cleavage and polyadenylation, as
DE well as mRNA splicing and RNA editing.
SY messenger RNA processing.
DR GO; GO:0006397; P:mRNA processing.
//
ID cell surface structure biogenesis.
AC UPA00932
CL Pathway.
DE Biogenesis of extracellular cell structures: fimbrae, pili, S-layers,
DE capsules and slime layers.
SY extracellular cell structure biogenesis.
//
ID capsule biogenesis.
AC UPA00933
CL Pathway.
DE Formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the
DE capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria
DE and fungi.
DR GO; GO:0045230; P:capsule organization.
//
ID slime biogenesis.
AC UPA00935
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of slime layer envelopping the cell.
DR GO; GO:0045231; P:slime layer organization.
//
ID membrane lipid metabolism.
AC UPA00939
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a
DE biological membrane.
DR GO; GO:0006643; P:membrane lipid metabolic process.
//
ID signal transduction.
AC UPA00943
CL Pathway.
DE Signal transduction refers to any process by which a cell converts one
DE kind of signal or stimulus into another. Most processes of signal
DE transduction involve ordered sequences of biochemical reactions inside
DE the cell, which are carried out by enzymes, activated by second
DE messengers, resulting in a signal transduction pathway.
DR GO; GO:0007165; P:signal transduction.
//
ID spore coat biogenesis.
AC UPA00950
CL Pathway.
DE Biogenesis of spore coat, a complex multiprotein structure that plays
DE an important role in spore germination and resistance to toxic
DE chemicals. Other functions are assigned to the coat, from sensing the
DE external environment through active enzymes present on its surface to
DE protecting the spore from predation by phagocytic protozoans. In
DE addition, the coat is a novel system for the display at the spore
DE surface of heterologous antigens, enzymes, and bioactive molecules.
DR GO; GO:0042244; P:spore wall assembly.
//
ID phosphorus metabolism.
AC UPA00959
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolic pathways involving the nonmetallic element phosphorus or
DE compounds that contain phosphorus.[source: GO].
DR GO; GO:0006793; P:phosphorus metabolic process.
//
ID 2-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate degradation.
AC UPA00002
CL Pathway.
DE This pathway provides a direct metabolic link between the deoxyribose
DE moiety of nucleosides and central carbon metabolism, independent of
DE the pentose phosphate cycle. Two enzymes provide this link: the
DE phosphopentomutases (PPMs) and 2-deoxyribose 5-phosphate aldolases
DE (DERAs). PPM isomerizes deoxyribose 1-phosphate to deoxyribose
DE 5-phosphate. Subsequently, DERA cleaves the pentose phosphate to
DE acetaldehyde and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, allowing further
DE metabolism to obtain carbon and energy. The deoxyribose 1-phosphate is
DE supplied by various nucleoside phosphorylases, such as thymidine
DE phosphorylase, uridine phosphorylase and purine nucleoside
DE phosphorylase, which release the pentose moiety from
DE (deoxy)ribonucleosides, producing (deoxy)ribose 1-phosphate. .
HI UPA00413; carbohydrate degradation.
DR PubMed; 9226884.
DR PubMed; 15205420.
DR GO; GO:0046386; P:deoxyribose phosphate catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00030; Pentose phosphate pathway.
//
ID uridine metabolism.
AC UPA00003
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of uridine, a pyrimidine derivative compound.
HI UPA00313; pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0046108; P:uridine metabolic process.
//
ID thymidine metabolism.
AC UPA00004
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of thymidine (deoxythymidine, deoxyribosylthymine, thymine
DE deoxyriboside) a pyrimidine deoxynucleoside very widely distributed.
SY 5-methyluracil metabolism; thymine deoxyriboside metabolism;
SY deoxyribosylthymine metabolism; deoxythymidine metabolism.
HI UPA00313; pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0046104; P:thymidine metabolic process.
//
ID 1,3-dichloropropene degradation.
AC UPA00005
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of 1,3-dichloropropene. 1,3-Dichloropropene is used in
DE organic synthesis and as a soil fumigant, it is possibly carcinogenic
DE to humans (Group 2B).
SY 1,3-dichloropropene catabolism.
HI UPA00105; xenobiotic degradation.
//
ID 1,2-dibromoethane degradation.
AC UPA00006
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of 1,2-dibromoethane. 1,2-dibromoethane is a manufactured
DE chemical. It also occurs naturally in small amounts in the ocean where
DE it is formed, probably by algae and kelp. Other names for
DE 1,2-dibromoethane are ethylene dibromide, EDB, and glycol bromide. It
DE is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B).
HI UPA00105; xenobiotic degradation.
//
ID haloalkane degradation.
AC UPA00007
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of haloalkane compounds, a group of chemical compounds,
DE consisting of alkanes, such as methane or ethane, with one or more
DE halogens linked, such as chlorine or fluorine, making them a type of
DE organic halide.
SY halogenoalkane degradation; halogenalkane degradation.
HI UPA00105; xenobiotic degradation.
//
ID atrazine degradation.
AC UPA00008
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of atrazine
DE (2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine), a
DE chlorinated compound used throughout industry and agriculture.
DE Degradation contaminates soils and persists until it is metabolized by
DE microorganisms. A range of soil bacteria, including both Gram-negative
DE and Gram-positive strains can degrade atrazine, utilizing it as a
DE nitrogen and carbon source.
SY 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine degradation.
HI UPA00105; xenobiotic degradation.
DR GO; GO:0019381; P:atrazine catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00791; Atrazine degradation.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994ba110>.
//
ID anthocyanin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00009
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of anthocyanin compounds. Anthocyanins are water-soluble
DE vacuolar flavonoid pigments that appear red to blue, according to pH.
DE They are synthesized by organisms of the plant kingdom and bacteria.
DE They have been observed to occur in all tissues of higher plants,
DE providing color in leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and fruits.
HI UPA00499; pigment biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0009718; P:anthocyanin biosynthetic process.
//
ID 1,3-diaminopropane biosynthesis.
AC UPA00010
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of polyamine 1,3-diaminopropane (trimethylenediamine,
DE 1,3-propanediamine, DAP).
SY propane-1,3-diamine biosynthesis.
HI UPA00289; amine and polyamine biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00260; Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID mycobactin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00011
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of mycobactins, a family of membrane-associated
DE siderophores required for Mycobacterium genus to adapt to its
DE intracellular habitat. Mycobactins contain a salicylic acid-derived
DE moiety.
HI UPA00302; siderophore biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 17240979.
DR PubMed; 16461464.
DR PubMed; 16923875.
//
ID taurine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00012
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-
DE containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats.
DE Taurine is a derivative of the sulphur-containing (sulfhydryl) amino
DE acid cysteine. Taurine is abundant in the tissues of many animals
DE (metazoa). It is also found in plants, fungi, and some bacterial
DE species, but at lower levels.
SY L-cysteine degradation via taurine pathway; 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid
SY biosynthesis.
HI UPA00521; organosulfur biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 10461879.
DR GO; GO:0042412; P:taurine biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00270; Cysteine and methionine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00430; Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID bacillibactin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00013
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of catecholic siderophore 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate-glycine-
DE threonine trimeric ester bacillibactin.
SY itoic acid (2,3-dihydroxybenzoate (DHB)-glycine) biosynthesis;
SY corynebactin biosynthesis; 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate-glycine-threonine
SY trimeric ester biosynthesis.
HI UPA00302; siderophore biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 12221282.
DR PubMed; 11112781.
DR PubMed; 11790741.
//
ID aerobactin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00014
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of hydroxamate siderophore aerobactin.
HI UPA00302; siderophore biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 15215626.
DR PubMed; 2935523.
DR GO; GO:0019270; P:aerobactin biosynthetic process.
//
ID amonabactin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00015
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of amonabactin a phenolate siderophore containing
DE 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHB).
HI UPA00302; siderophore biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 2522922.
DR PubMed; 1830579.
//
ID anguibactin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00016
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of anguibactin siderophore.
HI UPA00302; siderophore biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 15743971.
DR PubMed; 8021209.
//
ID enterobactin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00017
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of siderophore enterobactin, a compound that transports
DE iron from the bacterial environment into the cell cytoplasm. In
DE Escherichia coli, the siderophore molecule enterobactin is synthesized
DE in response to iron deprivation by formation of an amide bond between
DE 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate (2,3-DHB) and l-serine and formation of ester
DE linkages between three such N-acylated serine residues.
SY enterochelin biosynthesis.
HI UPA00302; siderophore biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 9485415.
DR PubMed; 9214294.
DR PubMed; 17675380.
DR GO; GO:0009239; P:enterobactin biosynthetic process.
//
ID ornibactin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00018
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of ornibactin, a linear hydroxamate/hydroxycarboxylate
DE siderophore similar in structure to the pyoverdines.
HI UPA00302; siderophore biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 11244059.
DR PubMed; 16672617.
//
ID pyoverdin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00019
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of pyoverdin (fluorescein, psudobactin), a yellow-green
DE fluorescent siderophore. It is similar in structure to ornibactin.
SY fluorescein biosynthesis; pseudobactin biosynthesis.
HI UPA00302; siderophore biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 7651323.
DR PubMed; 8636031.
DR PubMed; 12686626.
DR GO; GO:0002049; P:pyoverdine biosynthetic process.
//
ID rhizobactin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00020
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of rhizobactin, an hydroxymate siderophore produced by
DE Sinorhizobium meliloti.
HI UPA00302; siderophore biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 15899411.
DR PubMed; 11274118.
DR GO; GO:0019289; P:rhizobactin 1021 biosynthetic process.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7bd0>.
//
ID vulnibactin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00021
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of phenolate siderophore vulnibactin. Vulnibactin is
DE produced by Vibrio vulnificus, a human pathogen. Vulnibactin is
DE characterized as containing one residue of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid
DE as well as two residues of salicylic acid, both of which are involved
DE in the formation of oxazoline rings with L-threonine bound to a
DE norspermidine backbone.
HI UPA00302; siderophore biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 8148612.
//
ID vibriobactin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00022
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of peptide vibriobactin siderophore. Vibriobactin is
DE produced by the pathogenic Vibrio cholerae. It is assembled by a four-
DE subunit nonribosomal peptide synthetase complex, VibE, VibB, VibH, and
DE VibF, using 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate and L-threonine as precursors to two
DE 2,3-dihydroxyphenyl- methyloxazolinyl groups in amide linkage on a
DE norspermidine scaffold.
HI UPA00302; siderophore biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 11160122.
DR PubMed; 11112537.
DR PubMed; 11524010.
DR PubMed; 9371453.
DR PubMed; 11112538.
DR GO; GO:0019537; P:vibriobactin biosynthetic process.
//
ID alcaligin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00023
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of dihydroxamate siderophore alcaligin (Alc), a cyclic
DE dimer of succinyl-N-hydroxy-C-hydroxy-putrescine. Alcaligin is
DE produced by Bordetella bronchiseptica, a Gram- coccobacillus that
DE causes upper respiratory tract illness in several mammalian
DE hostsability to acquire Fe from the mammalian host is associated with
DE virulence.
HI UPA00302; siderophore biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 8550442.
DR PubMed; 9473041.
DR PubMed; 9266668.
DR PubMed; 8759851.
//
ID pseudomonine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00024
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of pseudomonine siderophore. Pseudomonine is a
DE isoxazolidone derivative produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens.
HI UPA00302; siderophore biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 11222588.
//
ID salicylate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00025
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of siderophore salicylic acid.
SY salicylic acid biosynthesis.
HI UPA00302; siderophore biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 11222588.
DR GO; GO:0009697; P:salicylic acid biosynthetic process.
//
ID (R)-pantothenate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00028
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of (R)-pantothenate, also called vitamin B5 or
DE D-pantothenic acid. (R)-pantothenate results from the condensation of
DE beta-alanine and D-pantoate. (R)-pantothenate is found in the
DE 4'-phosphopantetheine moieties of CoA (coenzyme A) and of the acyl
DE carrier protein of lipid synthesis. Micro- organisms and plants must
DE synthesize pantothenate, while animals obtain this essential nutriment
DE from their diet. Pantothenate biosynthesis pathway offers targets for
DE developping drugs against microbial pathogen.
SY D-pantothenic acid biosynthesis; vitamin B5 biosynthesis; pantothenate
SY biosynthesis.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 12773157.
DR PubMed; 14675432.
DR PubMed; 16042590.
DR GO; GO:0015940; P:pantothenate biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00410; beta-Alanine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00770; Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID staphyloxanthin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00029
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of staphyloxanthin. Staphyloxanthin is an orange
DE membrane-bound carotenoid pigment produced by most Staphylococcus
DE aureus strains. It is well known that carotenoids function as
DE antioxidants, and it has been suggested that staphyloxanthin can
DE protect Staphylococcus aureus against oxidative stress.
SY alpha-D-glucopyranosyl 1-O-(4,4'-diaponeurosporen-4-oate)
SY 6-O-(12-methyltetradecanoate) biosynthesis.
HI UPA00386; carotenoid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 16020541.
DR KEGG; map00906; Carotenoid biosynthesis.
//
ID lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis.
AC UPA00030
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS comprises three parts:
DE i) polysaccharide (O) side chains (O-antigen); ii) core
DE oligosaccharide; iii) lipid A. Lipid A contains unusual fatty acids
DE (e.g. hydroxy-myristic acid) and is inserted into the outer membrane
DE while the rest of the LPS projects from the surface. Core
DE oligosaccharide contains unusual sugars (e.g. KDO, keto-
DE deoxyoctulonate and heptulose). It contains two glucosamine sugar
DE derivatives each containing three fatty acids with phosphate or
DE pyrophosphate attached. The core polysaccharide is attached to lipid
DE A, which is also in part responsible for the toxicity of gram-negative
DE bacteria. The polysaccharide side chain is referred as the O-antigen
DE of the bacteria. O side chain (O-antigen) is also a polysaccharide
DE chain that extends from the core polysaccharide. LPS are major
DE components of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, contributing
DE greatly to the structural integrity of the bacteria, and protecting
DE the membrane from certain kinds of chemical attack. By increasing the
DE negative charge of the cell wall LSP helps stabilize the overall
DE membrane structure. LPS forms the amphipathic interface between Gram-
DE negative bacteria and their environment and contributes protection
DE against antibiotics and the complement system. The alternative name,
DE endotoxin, is indicative of the capacity to cause septic shock by
DE hyperstimulation of the immune system.
SY LPS biosynthesis; endotoxin biosynthesis.
HI UPA00324; bacterial outer membrane biogenesis.
DR PubMed; 12045108.
DR PubMed; 11521077.
DR PubMed; 16953973.
DR GO; GO:0009103; P:lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic process.
//
ID L-histidine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00031
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of L-histidine, (S)-alpha-Amino- 1H-imidazole-4-propionic
DE acid, a weakly basic amino-acid in a nine- step pathway. Histidine
DE biosynthetic pathway is present in microbes, fungi and plants.
DE Histidine biosynthesis is unusual as a metabolic process utilizing the
DE purine ring of ATP as a carbon and nitrogen source. Histidine
DE biosynthesis pathway is connected to de novo purine biosynthesis
DE pathway through imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase (IGPS) which
DE catalyzes the fifth step and converts
DE N-(5'-phosphoribulosys)-formimino-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide
DE ribonucleotide (PRFAR) to imidazole glycerol phosphate (ImGP) and
DE 5'-(5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide) ribonucleotide (AICAR). AICAR is
DE the entry point to the purine biosynthetic pathway.
SY 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoate biosynthesis; 2-amino-3-(1H-
SY imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid biosynthesis; (S)-alpha-Amino-1H-
SY imidazole-4-propionic acid biosynthesis.
HI UPA00402; amino-acid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 8852895.
DR PubMed; 9742729.
DR PubMed; 16547652.
DR PubMed; 17767732.
DR GO; GO:0000105; P:histidine biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00340; Histidine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994ba410>.
//
ID UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinose biosynthesis.
AC UPA00032
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of UDP-beta-(4-deoxy-4-formamido-L-arabinose)
DE (UDP-L-Ara4FN), a precursor of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N).
DE This latter compound is covalently linked to lipid A moiety of some
DE pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. This LPS modification is a strategy
DE adopted by pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria to evade cationic
DE antimicrobial peptides produced by the innate immune system.
SY UDP-L-4-formamido-arabinose biosynthesis; UDP-
SY beta-(4-deoxy-4-formamido-L-arabinose) biosynthesis; UDP-L-Ara4FN
SY biosynthesis.
HI UPA00304; nucleotide-sugar biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 15809294.
DR PubMed; 15695810.
DR KEGG; map00520; Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism.
//
ID L-lysine biosynthesis via AAA pathway.
AC UPA00033
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of L-lysine through the alpha-amino adipic acid (AAA)
DE pathway. It was first believed that this pathway was a specific
DE character of fungi. In 1998, a gene cluster of a thermophilic
DE bacterium (Thermus thermophilus) was shown to synthesize L-lysine
DE through the AAA pathway. This pathway is present in hyperthermophilic
DE archaea too (P. horikoshii and P. abyssi). Hence, this pathway is
DE distributed among the three super-kingdoms as proposed by Woese and
DE Fox in 1997 [PMID:270744].
SY L-lysine biosynthesis via alpha aminoadipate pathway; L-lysine
SY biosynthesis via L-2 aminoadipate pathway; L-lysine biosynthesis via
SY aminoadipic pathway.
HI UPA00402; amino-acid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 11029074.
DR PubMed; 10613839.
DR PubMed; 15522288.
DR PubMed; 9868782.
DR PubMed; 11489859.
DR PubMed; 11238076.
DR PubMed; 16232683.
DR PubMed; 3928261.
DR PubMed; 16943623.
DR PubMed; 270744.
DR GO; GO:0019878; P:lysine biosynthetic process via aminoadipic acid.
DR KEGG; map00300; Lysine biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00310; Lysine degradation.
DR KEGG; map00620; Pyruvate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994ba550>.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994ba590>.
//
ID L-lysine biosynthesis via DAP pathway.
AC UPA00034
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of L-lysine through the diaminopimelate (DAP) pathway.
DE L-lysine is produced from aspartate through the diaminopimelate (DAP)
DE pathway in most bacteria and higher plants. In bacteria, DAP is not
DE only a direct precursor of lysine, but it is also an important
DE constituent of the cell wall peptidoglycan. The DAP pathway is of
DE special interest for pharmacology, since the absence of DAP in
DE mammalian cells allows for the use of the DAP biosynthetic genes as a
DE bacteria-specific drug target.
SY L-lysine biosynthesis via diaminopimelate pathway; L-lysine
SY biosynthesis from aspartate.
HI UPA00402; amino-acid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 17579770.
DR PubMed; 12948639.
DR PubMed; 9559056.
DR GO; GO:0009089; P:lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate.
DR KEGG; map00260; Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00270; Cysteine and methionine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00300; Lysine biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994ba2d0>.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994ba310>.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994ba350>.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994ba390>.
//
ID L-tryptophan biosynthesis.
AC UPA00035
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of the aromatic amino-acid L-tryptophan (Trp) from
DE chorismate. This pathway is present in bacteria, fungi and plants.
DE L-tryptophan is needed to synthesize proteins and, as a precursor, to
DE nicotinic acid (niacin), serotonin and melatonin.
SY 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid biosynthesis; (S)-alpha-amino-
SY beta-(3-indolyl)-propionic acid biosynthesis.
HI UPA00402; amino-acid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 2679363.
DR PubMed; 16794934.
DR PubMed; 6822478.
DR PubMed; 7556082.
DR PubMed; 7890741.
DR PubMed; 11806827.
DR PubMed; 7773017.
DR PubMed; 881418.
DR GO; GO:0000162; P:tryptophan biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00250; Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00330; Arginine and proline metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00400; Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00402; Benzoxazinoid biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00471; D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00910; Nitrogen metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bacd0>.
//
ID 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinose undecaprenyl phosphate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00036
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of undecaprenyl
DE phosphate-4-deoxy-4-formamido-L-arabinose, a precursor of
DE 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N). This latter compound is
DE covalently linked to lipid A moiety of some pathogenic Gram-negative
DE bacteria.
SY undecaprenyl phosphate-4-deoxy-4-formamido-L-arabinose biosynthesis.
HI UPA00506; glycolipid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 15695810.
DR KEGG; map00520; Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism.
//
ID 4-amino-4-deoxy-beta-L-arabinose-lipid A biosynthesis.
AC UPA00037
CL Pathway.
DE Modification of the lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide by the
DE addition of the sugar 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N) is a
DE strategy adopted by pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria to evade
DE cationic antimicrobial peptides produced by the innate immune system.
HI UPA00451; lipopolysaccharide metabolism.
DR PubMed; 19166326.
DR PubMed; 17928292.
DR PubMed; 11535604.
//
ID UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00038
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcUA), a precursor of
DE glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan synthesis. UDP-GlcUA is also a
DE precursor of ascorbic acid.
SY UDP-glucuronate biosynthesis; UDP-GlcUA biosynthesis; UDP-glucuronic
SY acid biosynthesis.
HI UPA00304; nucleotide-sugar biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0006065; P:UDP-glucuronate biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00040; Pentose and glucuronate interconversions.
DR KEGG; map00053; Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00500; Starch and sucrose metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00520; Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID acetoin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00039
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of acetoin (3-hydroxy-2-butanone). Acetoin is a component
DE of the butanediol cycle (butanediol fermentation) in microorganisms.
SY 3-hydroxy-2-butanone biosynthesis.
HI UPA00409; ketone biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0045151; P:acetoin biosynthetic process.
//
ID acetoin degradation.
AC UPA00040
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of acetoin (3-hydroxy-2-butanone). Acetoin is a component
DE of the butanediol cycle (butanediol fermentation) in microorganisms.
SY 3-hydroxy-2-butanone degradation.
HI UPA00410; ketone degradation.
DR GO; GO:0045150; P:acetoin catabolic process.
//
ID D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00041
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 5-phosphate. This
DE carbohydrate is widely present in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of most
DE Gram-negative bacteria. D-glycero-D-manno-heptose and its derivatives
DE are sometimes also found in capsules and O antigen as well as in the
DE glycan moieties of bacterial cell surface (S-layer) glycoproteins.
DE D-glycero-D-manno-heptose are found in different anomeric
DE configuration (alpha and beta).
HI UPA00412; carbohydrate biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 12101286.
DR PubMed; 11279237.
//
ID D-alanine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00042
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of D-alanine. D-alanine is used either as an energy
DE source or as a component of bacterial cell wall, where it is directly
DE involved in the cross-linking of adjacent peptidoglycan chains. In
DE Gram-positive bacteria, D-alanine can also be found to variable
DE extents in cell wall teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid residues.
SY D-2-aminopropionic acid biosynthesis.
HI UPA00402; amino-acid biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0030632; P:D-alanine biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00473; D-Alanine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7d10>.
//
ID D-alanine degradation.
AC UPA00043
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of D-alanine, the dextrorotatory isomer of the amino-acid
DE alanine.
SY D-2-aminopropionic acid degradation.
HI UPA00427; amino-acid degradation.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7f90>.
//
ID L-threonine degradation via aldolase pathway.
AC UPA00044
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of L-threonine via aldolase pathway. L-threonine aldolase
DE is a low-specificity enzyme which cleaves threonine directly into
DE glycine and acetaldehyde .
SY 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid degradation via aldolase pathway.
HI UPA00427; amino-acid degradation.
DR KEGG; map00260; Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994ba090>.
//
ID nitrogen metabolism.
AC UPA00045
CL Pathway.
DE The chemical reactions and physical changes involving various organic
DE and inorganic nitrogenous compounds; includes nitrogen fixation,
DE nitrification, denitrification, assimilatory/dissimilatory nitrate
DE reduction and the interconversion of nitrogenous organic matter and
DE ammonium.
HI UPA00426; energy metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006807; P:nitrogen compound metabolic process.
//
ID L-threonine degradation via oxydo-reductase pathway.
AC UPA00046
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of L-threonine via oxydo-reductase pathway. This pathway
DE involves threonine dehydrogenase (TDH) and 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate CoA
DE ligase (KBL). In the absence of KBL, 2-amino-3-oxobutanoate is
DE spontaneously converted to aminoacetone.
SY 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid degradation via oxydo-reductase pathway.
HI UPA00427; amino-acid degradation.
DR KEGG; map00260; Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7cd0>.
//
ID L-isoleucine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00047
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of L-isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic
DE acid, an hydrophobic branched- chain amino-acid. In most
DE microorganisms, isoleucine is synthesized from aspartate via threonine
DE [Umbarger, H. E. 1978. Amino-acid biosynthesis and its regulation.
DE Annu. Rev. Biochem. 47:533-606]. However, alternative routes to
DE isoleucine from precursors other than threonine have been reported.
DE Some anaerobes can assimilate 2-methylbutyrate into isoleucine. The
DE most commonly observed alternative route was a route from pyruvate and
DE acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) via citramalate. This 'pyruvate
DE pathway' was initially proposed for the genus Leptospira because
DE isotope-labeling experiments indicated that in some leptospiral
DE strains, {alpha}-ketobutyrate was derived from pyruvate rather than
DE threonine. Only a limited number of leptospires possess catabolic
DE threonine dehydratase. Later, a similar observation was made with a
DE thermophilic archaeon, Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum,
DE suggesting that isoleucine biosynthesis involves pyruvate as a
DE precursor. Recently, (R)-citramalate synthase (EC 4.1.3.-) activity
DE was demonstrated in the thermophilic archaeon Methanococcus
DE jannaschii.
SY (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid biosynthesis.
HI UPA00402; amino-acid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 15292141.
DR PubMed; 9864346.
DR GO; GO:0009097; P:isoleucine biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00260; Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00280; Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation.
DR KEGG; map00290; Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00660; C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00966; Glucosinolate biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994ba290>.
//
ID L-leucine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00048
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of L-leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid, an
DE hydrophobic branched-chain amino- acid.
SY 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid biosynthesis.
HI UPA00402; amino-acid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 16118664.
DR PubMed; 12626680.
DR GO; GO:0009098; P:leucine biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00280; Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation.
DR KEGG; map00290; Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00620; Pyruvate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00966; Glucosinolate biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994ba310>.
//
ID L-valine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00049
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of L-valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid, an
DE hydrophobic branched-chain amino- acid.
SY 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid biosynthesis.
HI UPA00402; amino-acid biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0009099; P:valine biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00010; Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis.
DR KEGG; map00020; Citrate cycle (TCA cycle).
DR KEGG; map00280; Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation.
DR KEGG; map00290; Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00620; Pyruvate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00650; Butanoate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00770; Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00966; Glucosinolate biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994ba350>.
//
ID L-threonine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00050
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of L-threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar,
DE uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
SY 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid biosynthesis.
HI UPA00402; amino-acid biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0009088; P:threonine biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00260; Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00270; Cysteine and methionine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00300; Lysine biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994ba2d0>.
//
ID L-methionine biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
AC UPA00051
CL Pathway.
DE Sulfur-containing amino-acid L-methionine
DE (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid) is synthesized de novo by most
DE microorganisms and plants after the initial steps of inorganic sulfate
DE assimilation and synthesis of cysteine or homocysteine. There are two
DE alternative pathways of methionine synthesis in microorganisms. The
DE enterobacterial type trans-sulfuration pathway involves cystathionine
DE as an intermediate and utilizes cysteine as the sulfur source. In
DE contrast, the direct sulfhydrylation pathway found in yeast
DE (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), spirochete (Leptospira meyeri) and
DE actinomycetes (Corynebacterium glutamicum) bypasses cystathionine and
DE uses inorganic sulfur instead. Although yeast, fungi and higher plants
DE have both transsulfuration and direct sulfhydrylation pathways, only
DE the bacteria C. glutamicum, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, P. putida and
DE L. meyeri have been shown to have both pathways. Methionine
DE biosynthesis is a central pathway, as it controls a large number of
DE cellular processes such as translation of mRNA into proteins (not only
DE as a substrate for protein elongation but also as the initiator of
DE protein synthesis) and transmethylation reactions via the formation of
DE S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) (cf activated methyl cycle pathway).
SY 2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid biosynthesis.
HI UPA00402; amino-acid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 10469143.
DR PubMed; 12845493.
DR PubMed; 15215334.
DR PubMed; 12951250.
DR PubMed; 12948640.
DR KEGG; map00260; Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00270; Cysteine and methionine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00300; Lysine biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00670; One carbon pool by folate.
DR KEGG; map00920; Sulfur metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994ba510>.
//
ID L-threonine degradation via propanoate pathway.
AC UPA00052
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of L-threonine via propanoate pathway. L-threonine can be
DE catabolized non-oxidatively to propionate via 2-ketobutyrate.
SY 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid degradation via propanoate pathway.
HI UPA00427; amino-acid degradation.
DR PubMed; 16139298.
DR PubMed; 9484901.
DR KEGG; map00260; Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00290; Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00640; Propanoate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994ba190>.
//
ID chorismate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00053
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of chorismate, a precursor of aromatic amino-acids
DE (tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine). The biosynthesis of
DE chorismate occurs only in plants and bacterial, not in animals.
SY shikimate pathway.
HI UPA00415; metabolic intermediate biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 15215334.
DR PubMed; 12951250.
DR PubMed; 12948640.
DR GO; GO:0009423; P:chorismate biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00400; Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID daunorubicin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00054
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of daunorubicin, a potent antitumor anthracycline
DE antibiotics produced by Streptomyces peucetius.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 15273252.
DR PubMed; 7601857.
//
ID CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-mannose biosynthesis.
AC UPA00055
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-mannose (CDP-tyvelose), a
DE 3,6-dideoxy nucleotide sugar. CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-mannose is a cell wall
DE lipopolysaccharide O-antigen component of some Gram-negative bacteria.
SY CDP-tyvelose biosynthesis.
HI UPA00304; nucleotide-sugar biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00500; Starch and sucrose metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00520; Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthesis via DXP pathway.
AC UPA00056
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of isopentenyl-PP via deoxy xylulose phosphate (DXP)
DE pathway. This pathway is essential in eubacteria (including
DE Escherichia coli), the malaria parasite, and plants, but is absent in
DE mammals. Therefore, the pathway enzymes are promising targets for the
DE development of novel herbicides and antimicrobials that are
DE potentially innocuous for humans.
SY isopentenyl-PP biosynthesis via DXP pathway; IDP biosynthesis via DXP
SY pathway; MEP pathway; isopentenyl-PP biosynthesis via mevalonate-
SY independent pathway; isopentenyl-PP biosynthesis via deoxy xylulose
SY phosphate pathway; methylerythritol phosphate pathway; isopentenyl-PP
SY biosynthesis via non mevalonate pathway; Rohmer pathway; IPP
SY biosynthesis via DXP pathway.
HI UPA00416; isoprenoid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 11752431.
DR PubMed; 11578926.
DR PubMed; 10698701.
DR GO; GO:0019288; P:isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process,
DR mevalonate-independent pathway.
DR KEGG; map00900; Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01062; Biosynthesis of terpenoids and steroids.
DR KEGG; map01066; Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from terpenoid and
DR polyketide.
DR KEGG; map01070; Biosynthesis of plant hormones.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994ba2d0>.
//
ID isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthesis via mevalonate pathway.
AC UPA00057
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of isopentenyl-PP (isopentenyl diphosphate, IDP, IPP) via
DE mevalonic acid pathway. This pathway converts acetate, in the form of
DE acetyl-CoA, to isopentenyl-PP, the fundamental unit in isoprenoid
DE biosynthesis, through a series of mevalonate intermediates.
SY isopentenyl-PP biosynthesis via mevalonate pathway; IPP biosynthesis
SY via mevalonate pathway; MVA pathway; IDP biosynthesis via mevalonate
SY pathway; mevalonate pathway.
HI UPA00416; isoprenoid biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0019287; P:isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process,
DR mevalonate pathway.
DR KEGG; map00900; Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID (R)-mevalonate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00058
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of mevalonic acid, a six-carbon metabolic intermediate.
DE In eukaryotes, it arises from linkage of two acetyl-CoAs in the
DE mitochondrion to form acetaoacetyl-CoA (4 carbons), followed by
DE addition of another acetyl group from a third acetyl-CoA to give
DE 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA). This latter compound is
DE reduced by HMG-CoA reductase in the endoplasmic reticulum, using two
DE NADPHs, with coincident loss of CoASH. HMG-CoA reductase is the most
DE important regulatory enzyme for the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway
DE and other isoprenoids/terpenoids. HMG-CoA reductase is a target for
DE drugs that attempt to lower cholesterol levels in the body. One such
DE drug is lovastatin, which inhibits the enzyme and stops endogenous
DE synthesis of cholesterol.
SY mevalonic acid biosynthesis.
HI UPA00415; metabolic intermediate biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00071; Fatty acid metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00072; Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies.
DR KEGG; map00280; Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation.
DR KEGG; map00310; Lysine degradation.
DR KEGG; map00362; Benzoate degradation.
DR KEGG; map00380; Tryptophan metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00620; Pyruvate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00630; Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00640; Propanoate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00650; Butanoate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00720; Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes.
DR KEGG; map00900; Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID dimethylallyl diphosphate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00059
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of dimethylallyl-PP (DMAPP). DMAPP results from the
DE 1,3-allylic rearrangement of the homoallylic substrate isopentenyl-PP
DE (IPP).
SY DMP biosynthesis; dimethylallyl pyrophosphate biosynthesis;
SY isopentenyl-PP conversion to dimethylallyl-PP; DMAPP biosynthesis;
SY dimethylallyl-PP biosynthesis.
HI UPA00416; isoprenoid biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0050992; P:dimethylallyl diphosphate biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00900; Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00060
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of thiamin pyrophosphate (THI-PP, TPP), the active form
DE of thiamine cofactor (vitamin B1). It has essential functions, for
DE example in carbohydrate and branched-chain amino-acid metabolism. All
DE organisms able to to produce THI-PP initially assemble THI-P by
DE coupling 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine and
DE 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole. THI-P is then converted to TPP.
DE The two heterocyclic precursors of thiamine pyrophosphate are
DE synthesized through independant pathways. WARNING: the DXP_MHETP_BIOS
DE sub-pathway is temporary. It will be refined as soon as knowledge will
DE be available.
SY thiamine-PP (THI-PP)(TPP) biosynthesis; thiamin diphosphate
SY biosynthesis.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0009229; P:thiamine diphosphate biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00730; Thiamine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID alpha-ribazole biosynthesis.
AC UPA00061
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of alpha-ribazole, the benzimidazole nucleoside in
DE adenosyl cobalamin (vitamin B12).
SY N1-(alpha-D-ribosyl)-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole biosynthesis;
SY dimethylbenzimidazole nucleoside biosynthesis.
HI UPA00425; nucleoside biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00860; Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID steroid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00062
CL Pathway.
DE The formation from simpler components of steroid compounds. A steroid
DE is a terpenoid lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton with four
DE fused rings, generally arranged in a 6-6-6-5 fashion. Steroids vary by
DE the functional groups attached to these rings and the oxidation state
DE of the rings. Hundreds of distinct steroids are found in plants,
DE animals, and fungi. All steroids are made in cells either from the
DE sterol lanosterol (animals and fungi) or the sterol cycloartenol
DE (plants). Both sterols are derived from the cyclization of the
DE triterpene squalene.
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006694; P:steroid biosynthetic process.
//
ID cholesterol biosynthesis.
AC UPA00063
CL Pathway.
DE Cholesterol biosynthesis springs from a six-carbon intermediate called
DE mevalonate. Cholesterol is found in all eukaryotic cells. Its primary
DE function is to regulate membrane fluidity by altering the packing
DE density of the polar membrane lipids. It is also a precursor of
DE several hormones. Its synthesis from acetyl CoA can be separated into
DE 5 stages, all occuring in the cytosol: - mevalonate biosynthesis, -
DE phosphorylation and decarboxylation of mevalonate: isopentenyl-PP
DE biosynthesis and conversion to dimethylallyl-PP - squalene
DE biosynthesis - conversion of squalene to 7-dehydrocholesterol -
DE cholesterol biosynthesis: cholesterol from 7-dehydrocholesterol
DE Cholesterol is used in the body as a precursor of many other important
DE molecules: bile acids (salts), sex steroid hormones (testosterone,
DE estrogen), adrenal steroid hormones (cortisol, aldosterone, vitamin
DE D).
HI UPA00062; steroid biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0006695; P:cholesterol biosynthetic process.
//
ID 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00064
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of D-1-deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate, a common precursor for
DE isoprenoid, thiamin, and pyridoxol biosynthesis.
SY DXP biosynthesis.
HI UPA00415; metabolic intermediate biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00900; Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00065
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin (H4MPT), a cofactor in
DE methanogenesis. H4MPT is the carrier of the C1 group as it is reduced
DE to the methyl level, before transferring to the coenzyme M.
SY H4MPT biosynthesis; methanopterin biosynthesis.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 8639495.
DR PubMed; 15262968.
//
ID streptomycin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00066
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of streptomycin, an antibiotic produced by soil bacteria
DE of the genus Streptomyces. Streptomycin is active against both gram-
DE positive and gram-negative bacteria. Originally isolated by Selman A.
DE Waksman and Albert Schatz in 1947, streptomycin is effective against
DE tubercle bacilli and is a mainstay of tuberculosis therapy.
DE Streptomycin acts by inhibiting protein synthesis and damaging cell
DE membranes in susceptible microorganisms.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0019872; P:streptomycin biosynthetic process.
//
ID ectoine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00067
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidine
DE carboxylic acid), an excellent osmoprotectant. Since Galinski et al.
DE (PMID:3838936) discovered ectoine as a compatible solute in
DE Ectothiorhodospira halochloris, an extremely halophilic phototrophic
DE eubacterium, it has been found to be distributed widely in nature,
DE largely in moderately halophilic eubacteria. The biosynthetic pathway
DE of ectoine from aspartic b-semialdehyde (ASA) was first elucidated in
DE Halomonas elongata by purification and characterization of each enzyme
DE involved.
SY 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid biosynthesis.
HI UPA00289; amine and polyamine biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 16802203.
DR PubMed; 15455210.
DR PubMed; 3838936.
DR PubMed; 16579460.
DR GO; GO:0019491; P:ectoine biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00260; Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bc190>.
//
ID L-arginine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00068
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of L-arginine, an amino-acid constituent of proteins and
DE precursor of polyamines.
SY 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid biosynthesis;
SY (S)-2-amino-5-guanidinovaleric acid biosynthesis;
SY 2-amino-5-(diaminomethylidene amino)pentanoic acid biosynthesis.
HI UPA00402; amino-acid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 16432742.
DR PubMed; 3534538.
DR PubMed; 11489859.
DR PubMed; 16585758.
DR GO; GO:0006526; P:arginine biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00240; Pyrimidine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00250; Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00330; Arginine and proline metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bc5d0>.
//
ID 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00069
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin (H4SPT), a modified
DE form of H4MPT (5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin), wherein a glutamyl
DE group linked to the 2-hydroxyglutaric acid terminus. .
SY H4SPT biosynthesis; sarcinapterin biosynthesis.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
//
ID UMP biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
AC UPA00070
CL Pathway.
DE De novo biosynthesis of UMP (uridine monophosphate).
SY de novo uridine monophosphate biosynthesis.
HI UPA00570; pyrimidine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00240; Pyrimidine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00250; Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID coenzyme F420 biosynthesis.
AC UPA00071
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of coenzyme F420, an important cofactor involved in
DE hydride transfer reactions in methanogenic archaea as well as
DE methanotrophic and other bacteria. Although coenzyme F420 contains a
DE deazaflavin moiety, it is biochemically analogous to the nicotinamide
DE cofactors. Coenzyme F420 is involved in a variety of biochemical
DE transformations, including methanogenesis, DNA photorepair, and
DE degradation of nitrophenols and nitroimidazofurans, and in the
DE biosynthesis of several secondary metabolites [PMID:16585745]. F420 is
DE named for its intense fluorescence upon excitation with 420 nm light,
DE the oxidized coenzyme F420 (N-(N -l-lactyl-gamma-glutamyl)-l-glutamic
DE acid phosphodiester of 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin) was
DE first discovered in mycobacteria (Cousins 1960) and later purified for
DE structural identification from the methane-producing microorganism
DE Methanobacterium sp. strain M.o.H. (Cheeseman et al. 1972; Eirich et
DE al. 1978). Since these original studies, F420 has been found in
DE numerous actinomycetes and in all methanogens (Isabelle et al. 2002).
DE [PMID:14593448].
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 16585745.
DR PubMed; 14593448.
//
ID coenzyme F0 biosynthesis.
AC UPA00072
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of coenzyme F0
DE (7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin), a biosynthetic precursor
DE of coenzyme F420. Most cyanobacteria and halophilic archaea produce a
DE DNA photolyase enzyme that uses F0 as a coenzyme.
SY 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin biosynthesis.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 14593448.
//
ID L-arginine degradation.
AC UPA00073
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of L-arginine, an energy-rich amino-acid that can supply
DE nitrogen, carbon and energy to various bacteria in a variety of
DE environment. L-arginine can be catabolized by a large number of routes
DE including the arginase pathway, the arginine deiminase (ADI) pathway,
DE the arginine succinyl transferase (AST) pathway, the arginine
DE decarboxylase (ADC), transaminase, oxidase and oxygenase pathways.
DE These pathways often have distinctive functions.
SY 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid degradation;
SY (S)-2-amino-5-guanidinovaleric acid degradation;
SY 2-amino-5-(diaminomethylidene amino)pentanoic acid degradation.
HI UPA00427; amino-acid degradation.
DR GO; GO:0006527; P:arginine catabolic process.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7ed0>.
//
ID IMP biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
AC UPA00074
CL Pathway.
DE The formation from simpler components of purine nucleotide IMP
DE (inosine 5'phosphate).
SY de novo purine biosynthesis; inosine monophosphate biosynthesis via de
SY novo pathway; inosine 5'-phosphate biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
HI UPA00583; purine metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006189; P:'de novo' IMP biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00230; Purine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00250; Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00340; Histidine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00630; Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00670; One carbon pool by folate.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID AMP biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
AC UPA00075
CL Pathway.
DE The formation of AMP (adenosine monophosphate) from IMP (inosine
DE monophosphate).
SY adenosine monophosphate biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
HI UPA00583; purine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00230; Purine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00250; Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID myo-inositol degradation into acetyl-CoA.
AC UPA00076
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of myo-inositol, an abundant compound in soil. Myo-
DE Inositol is also common and essential in plants. Several micro-
DE organisms, including model organism Bacillus subtilis (PMID:9226270),
DE can grow on inositol as the carbon source. It was thought that
DE bacterial inositol catabolism is only required for efficient
DE utilization of this compound. However, the inositol dehydrogenase of
DE Sinorhizobium fredii not only catalyses the initial reaction step of
DE inositol catabolism but also is involved in nitrogen fixation and
DE competitiveness to nodulate soybeans (PMID:11274120). Furthermore,
DE MocA and MocC of Sinorhizobium meliloti which participate in
DE degradation of rhizopine (L-3-O-methyl-scyllo-inosamine), a symbiosis-
DE specific compound found in alfalfa nodules, exhibited significant
DE similarities to IolG and IolE involved in inositol catabolism of B.
DE subtilis, respectively (PMID:9226270), and the inositol catabolism
DE pathway was tightly linked with rhizopine utilization in S. meliloti
DE (PMID:9802033). These facts implied an interesting relationship
DE between bacterial inositol catabolism and plant/bacteria symbiosis for
DE nitrogen fixation.
HI UPA00613; polyol metabolism.
DR PubMed; 9226270.
DR PubMed; 17449687.
DR PubMed; 14993306.
DR PubMed; 11274120.
DR PubMed; 4351258.
DR PubMed; 9802033.
DR KEGG; map00521; Streptomycin biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00562; Inositol phosphate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00077
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid (tetrahydrofolate, THF), the
DE active form of folic acid (vitamin B9). Folic acid is an essential
DE vitamin (B9), which plays a key role in the methylation cycle and in
DE DNA biosynthesis. The folic acid derivatives are made up of a pterdine
DE ring attached to a p-aminobenzoate and a polyglutamyl chain.
DE Tetrahydrofolic acid have C1 units enzymically attached. These C1
DE units (as a formyl group) are passed on to enzymes in the purine
DE pathway that insert the C-2 and C-8 into the purine ring. A methylene
DE group (-CH2-) attached to tetrahydrofolate is used to convert the
DE uracil-type pyrimidine base found in RNA into the thymine base found
DE in DNA. A further folate cofactor, i.e. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, is
DE involved in the remethylation of the homocysteine produced in the
DE methylation cycle back to methionine. After activation to
DE S-adenosylmethionine this acts as a methyl donor for the dozens of
DE different methyltransferases present in all cells. Folate deficiency
DE results in reduction of purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis and
DE consequently DNA biosynthesis and cell division. Folate deficiency
DE receives increasing attention due to its relation to cardiovascular
DE disease and different forms of dementia. The folate pathway represents
DE a powerful target for combating rapidly dividing systems such as
DE cancer cells, bacteria and malaria parasites.
SY THF biosynthesis; folate biosynthesis; tetrahydrofolic acid
SY biosynthesis; pteroylglutamic acid biosynthesis; folic acid
SY biosynthesis; vitamin B9 biosynthesis.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 17645794.
DR GO; GO:0046654; P:tetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00250; Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00330; Arginine and proline metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00471; D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00670; One carbon pool by folate.
DR KEGG; map00790; Folate biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00910; Nitrogen metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID biotin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00078
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of biotin, a B-group vitamin. Biotin has essential
DE metabolic functions as the CO2-carrying prosthetic group of selected
DE carboxylases, decarboxylases and transcarboxylases. De novo
DE biosynthesis pathway involved the conversion of pimeloyl-CoA (i.e 6
DE -carboxyhexanoyl-CoA) to biotin.
SY vitamin H biosynthesis.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 12527210.
DR GO; GO:0009102; P:biotin biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00780; Biotin metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID menaquinone biosynthesis.
AC UPA00079
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of menaquinone (vitamine K2), a lipid-soluble molecule
DE that belongs to the naphto-quinone family.
SY vitamin K2 biosynthesis.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0009234; P:menaquinone biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00130; Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01053; Biosynthesis of siderophore group nonribosomal
DR peptides.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID methanofuran biosynthesis.
AC UPA00080
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of methanofuran, the first coenzyme in the methanogenic
DE pathway used by the archaeon Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, as well as
DE other methanogens, to reduce CO2 to methane.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 15715981.
//
ID D-galactonate degradation.
AC UPA00081
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of D-galactonic acid.
SY D-galactonic acid degradation.
HI UPA00857; carbohydrate acid metabolism.
DR PubMed; 7287628.
DR PubMed; 6194665.
DR GO; GO:0034194; P:D-galactonate catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00052; Galactose metabolism.
//
ID naphthalene degradation.
AC UPA00082
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of naphtalene, an aromatic compound composed of two fused
DE benzene rings.
HI UPA00433; aromatic compound metabolism.
//
ID 3-chlorocatechol degradation.
AC UPA00083
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of 3-chlorocatechol compound. This pathway serves a vital
DE role in the biodegradation of toxic aromatic compounds introduced in
DE the environment both as natural products and as industrial effluent.
HI UPA00433; aromatic compound metabolism.
//
ID phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis.
AC UPA00084
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of phosphatidylglycerol, a multifunctional phospholipid,
DE found in the biological membranes of many organisms.
HI UPA00085; phospholipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006655; P:phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00564; Glycerophospholipid metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7d10>.
//
ID phospholipid metabolism.
AC UPA00085
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a
DE mono- or diester.
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006644; P:phospholipid metabolic process.
//
ID alpha-glycerophosphate cycle.
AC UPA00086
CL Pathway.
DE The alpha-glycerophosphate cycle is essential for the production of
DE energy for flight in insects.
HI UPA00085; phospholipid metabolism.
DR PubMed; 3147213.
DR GO; GO:0006650; P:glycerophospholipid metabolic process.
//
ID 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00087
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate biosynthesis
DE (PRPP). PRPP may be synthesized from ribose 5-phosphate by PRPP
DE synthase or, alternately, by the the enzymes phosphopentomutase,
DE ribose 1-phosphokinase (putative), and ribose 1,5-bisphosphokinase
DE [PMID:12700258]. Under conditions when xanthosine phosphorylase is
DE produced, the enzyme can supply ribose 1-phosphate to this second
DE pathway.
SY PRPP biosynthesis.
HI UPA00415; metabolic intermediate biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 12700258.
DR KEGG; map00030; Pentose phosphate pathway.
DR KEGG; map00230; Purine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00088
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (protocatechuate). This pathway
DE allows use of quinate as a carbon source by its conversion to
DE protocatechuate and subsequent metabolism by the beta-ketoadipate
DE pathway. Quinate is an abundant plant product.
SY protocatechuate biosynthesis.
HI UPA00433; aromatic compound metabolism.
DR PubMed; 15691962.
DR PubMed; 7592351.
DR KEGG; map00400; Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis.
AC UPA00089
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotide derivatives. compounds.
HI UPA00424; nucleotide biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0009263; P:deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process.
//
ID abscisate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00090
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA), a sesquiterpenoid (15-carbon)
DE plant hormon. Abscisic acid is partially produced via the mevalonic
DE pathway in chloroplasts and other plastids. Because it is synthesized
DE partially in the chloroplasts, it makes sense that biosynthesis
DE primarily occurs in the leaves. The production of ABA is accentuated
DE by stresses such as water loss and freezing temperatures. .
SY ABA biosynthesis.
HI UPA00438; plant hormone biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0009688; P:abscisic acid biosynthetic process.
//
ID photosynthesis.
AC UPA00091
CL Pathway.
DE Photosynthesis is a biochemical process in which plants, algae, and
DE some bacteria harness the energy of light to produce simple nutrient
DE molecules, such as glucose. During photosynthesis, simple sugars are
DE produced by combining carbon dioxide and water using light (sunlight)
DE as an energy source and producing oxygen as a by-product. Notice that
DE some forms of photosynthesis do not release oxygen. The synthesis by
DE organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates,
DE from carbon dioxide (CO2) using energy obtained from light rather than
DE from the oxidation of chemical compounds. [source: GO] The
DE carboxylation process is generally known as CO2 fixation (carbon
DE fixation), and the oxygenation process is known as photorespiration. .
HI UPA00426; energy metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0015979; P:photosynthesis.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7fd0>.
//
ID electron transfer.
AC UPA00092
CL Pathway.
DE A process whereby a series of electron carriers operate together to
DE transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to any of
DE several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a
DE transmembrane electrochemical gradient. [GO].
HI UPA00426; energy metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0022904; P:respiratory electron transport chain.
//
ID abscisic acid degradation.
AC UPA00093
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of plant hormone abscisic acid.
SY ABA degradation.
HI UPA00439; plant hormone degradation.
DR GO; GO:0046345; P:abscisic acid catabolic process.
//
ID fatty acid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00094
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of fatty acids. Fatty acids are formed by the action of
DE Fatty acid synthases from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors.
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006633; P:fatty acid biosynthetic process.
//
ID oleic acid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00095
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of oleic acids, a group of fatty acids that contain 18
DE carbon atoms and a double bond at the omega 9 carbon.
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
//
ID sulfur metabolism.
AC UPA00096
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of compound containing sulfur.
HI UPA00426; energy metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006790; P:sulfur compound metabolic process.
//
ID sulfate assimilation.
AC UPA00097
CL Pathway.
DE The sulfate assimilation pathway leads to the biosynthesis of cysteine
DE and methionine, and to the sulfation of proteins, carbohydrates,
DE lipids, drugs and xenobiotics.
HI UPA00096; sulfur metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0000103; P:sulfate assimilation.
//
ID L-proline biosynthesis.
AC UPA00098
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of L-proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid)
DE biosynthesis, a chiral, cyclic amino-acid.
SY pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid biosynthesis; 2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic
SY acid biosynthesis.
HI UPA00402; amino-acid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 16337196.
DR PubMed; 14602584.
DR KEGG; map00330; Arginine and proline metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bd0d0>.
//
ID phenazine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00099
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of phenazine, a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic molecule
DE having important roles in virulence, competition and biological
DE control.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0002047; P:phenazine biosynthetic process.
//
ID bacilysin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00100
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of bacilysin
DE (L-alanyl-(2.3-epoxycyclohexanone-4)-L-alanine). This dipeptide is one
DE of the simplest peptide antibiotics known. It displays activity
DE against some bacteria and fungi (Kenig and Abraham 1976; Tschen 1990).
DE Its proposed amino-acid ligase mode of biosynthesis might offer
DE strategies to engineer new derivatives with improved properties.
DE Bacilysin contains an L-alanine residue at the N terminus and a non-
DE proteinogenic amino acid, Lanticapsin, at the C terminus (Walker and
DE Abraham 1970). Its antibiotic activity depends on the anticapsin
DE moiety, which becomes released by peptidases (Kenig et al. 1976;
DE Chmara et al. 1982) after bacilysin uptake into susceptible cells by a
DE distinct peptide permease system (Perry and Abraham 1979; Chmara et
DE al. 1981). The intracellular anticapsin then blocks the glucosamine
DE synthetase, and hence, bacterial peptidoglycan or fungal mannoprotein
DE biosynthesis. This leads to cell protoplasting and lysis (Whitnney and
DE Funderburk 1970; Kenig et al. 1976; Chmara et al. 1982; Chmara 1985;
DE Milewski 1993).
SY L-alanyl-(2.3-epoxycyclohexanone-4)-L-alanine biosynthesis.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 15609023.
//
ID candicidin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00101
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of candicidin, an aromatic polyene (heptaene) antibiotic
DE produced by Streptomyces griseus IMRU 3570. Polyene macrolides are a
DE group of polyketides with lactone rings of 20-44 members. Candicidin
DE was first described by Lechevalier et al. (1953) and named antibiotic
DE C135, although it was renamed candicidin because of its strong
DE activity against species of Candida.
SY C135 biosynthesis; candicidin D biosynthesis.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 11782498.
DR PubMed; 12664141.
//
ID gramicidin S biosynthesis.
AC UPA00102
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of gramicidin S antibiotic. The linear pentadecapeptide
DE gramicidin has been reported to be assembled by four large
DE multimodular nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), LgrABCD, that
DE comprise 16 modules. During biosynthesis, the N-formylated 16mer
DE peptide is bound to the peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) of the terminal
DE module via a thioester bond to the carboxyl group of the last amino-
DE acid glycine(16). In a first reaction the peptide is released from the
DE protein template in an NAD(P)H-dependent reduction step catalyzed by
DE the adjacent reductase forming an aldehyde intermediate. This aldehyde
DE intermediate is further reduced by an aldoreductase, LgrE, in an
DE NADPH-dependent manner to form the final product gramicidin A, N
DE -formyl-pentadecapeptide-ethanolamine. .
SY gramicidin biosynthesis.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 15938641.
//
ID L-sorbose degradation.
AC UPA00103
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of the monosaccharide L-sorbose.
SY L-sorbose utilization; L-xylo-hexulose degradation.
HI UPA00413; carbohydrate degradation.
DR PubMed; 16134116.
DR GO; GO:0042850; P:L-sorbose catabolic process.
//
ID creatine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00104
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of creatine, a nitrogenous organic acid. Creatine (Cr) is
DE synthesized by a two-step mechanism involving arginine:glycine
DE amidinotransferase (AGAT) and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase
DE (GAMT), and is taken up by cells through a specific Cr transporter,
DE CT1 [PMID:15918910].
SY methylglycocyamine biosynthesis; 2-(carbamimidoyl-methyl-amino)acetic
SY acid biosynthesis; N-amidinosarcosine biosynthesis;
SY methylguanidinoacetic acid biosynthesis.
HI UPA00289; amine and polyamine biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 15918910.
DR PubMed; 11165387.
DR GO; GO:0006601; P:creatine biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00260; Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00330; Arginine and proline metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID nicotine degradation.
AC UPA00106
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of nicotine, the primary alkaloid found in tobacco plants.
HI UPA00447; alkaloid degradation.
DR PubMed; 7815950.
DR PubMed; 16333621.
DR GO; GO:0019608; P:nicotine catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00760; Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID nicotine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00107
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of nicotine, the primary alkaloid found in tobacco
DE plants.
HI UPA00446; alkaloid biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0042179; P:nicotine biosynthetic process.
//
ID glycolysis.
AC UPA00109
CL Pathway.
DE Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway found in all organisms. This pathway
DE results in the anaerobic enzymatic conversion of D-glucose to
DE pyruvate, resulting in energy stored in the form of adenosine
DE triphosphate (ATP).
SY D-glucose degradation into pyruvate.
HI UPA00413; carbohydrate degradation.
DR PubMed; 14993306.
DR GO; GO:0006096; P:glycolysis.
DR KEGG; map00010; Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis.
DR KEGG; map00051; Fructose and mannose metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00230; Purine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00521; Streptomycin biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00524; Butirosin and neomycin biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00562; Inositol phosphate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00620; Pyruvate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00680; Methane metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00710; Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID cocaine degradation.
AC UPA00110
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of the alkaloid cocaine.
HI UPA00447; alkaloid degradation.
DR GO; GO:0050784; P:cocaine catabolic process.
//
ID myo-inositol degradation into D-glucuronate.
AC UPA00111
CL Pathway.
DE Irreversible degradation of myo-inositol into D-glucuronic acid.
SY myo-inositol degradation into D-glucuronic acid; inositol oxygenation
SY pathway.
HI UPA00613; polyol metabolism.
DR PubMed; 16634621.
DR KEGG; map00053; Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00562; Inositol phosphate metabolism.
//
ID clavulanate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00112
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of clavulanic acid, a beta-lactam, structurally related
DE to the penicillins, that possesses the ability to inactivate a wide
DE range of beta-lactamase enzymes commonly found in microorganisms
DE resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins. The name clavulanic acid
DE is derived from the Streptomyces clavuligerus microorganisms from
DE which clavulanic acid is derived. Clavulanic acid is biosynthetically
DE generated from the amino-acid L-arginine and from pyruvate.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 10422585.
DR PubMed; 11988517.
DR PubMed; 16251194.
DR GO; GO:0033050; P:clavulanic acid biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00331; Clavulanic acid biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00113
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine.
HI UPA00304; nucleotide-sugar biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0006048; P:UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00250; Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00520; Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID xylan degradation.
AC UPA00114
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of xylan, a polymer of xylose residues.
HI UPA00442; glycan degradation.
DR GO; GO:0045493; P:xylan catabolic process.
//
ID pentose phosphate pathway.
AC UPA00115
CL Pathway.
DE The pentose phosphate pathway is part of central metabolism. This
DE pathway provides a means by which glucose can be oxidized to generate
DE NADPH and is the source of much of the NADPH that is needed for the
DE biosynthesis of many biomolecules. The pentose phosphate pathway and
DE the Calvin cycle have in common several enzymes and intermediates that
DE attest to a common evolution. Like glycolysis and gluconeogenesis,
DE these pathways are mirror images of one another: the Calvin cycle uses
DE NADPH to reduce carbon dioxide to generate hexoses, whereas the
DE pentose phosphate pathway breaks down glucose into carbon dioxide to
DE generate NADPH. The Calvin cycle is sometimes referred to as the
DE reductive pentose phosphate pathway [Stryer, Biochemistry, 2002]. For
DE convenience, the pentose phosphate pathway is commonly divided into
DE its preliminary oxidative stage in which glucose-6-phosphate is
DE oxidized to ribulose-5-phosphate, and its subsequent non-oxidative
DE stage, in which through a series of transaldolase and transketolase
DE reactions, ribulose-5-phosphate is converted into fructose-6-phosphate
DE and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
SY hexose monophosphate pathway; phosphogluconate pathway; hexose
SY monophosphate shunt; pentose shunt.
HI UPA00413; carbohydrate degradation.
DR GO; GO:0006098; P:pentose-phosphate shunt.
DR KEGG; map00030; Pentose phosphate pathway.
DR KEGG; map00040; Pentose and glucuronate interconversions.
DR KEGG; map00480; Glutathione metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00710; Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID Calvin cycle.
AC UPA00116
CL Pathway.
DE In the Calvin cycle, the source of the carbon atoms is the simple
DE molecule carbon dioxide. In this extremely important process, carbon
DE dioxide gas is trapped in a form that is useful for many processes.
DE The Calvin cycle brings into living systems the carbon atoms that will
DE become constituents of nucleic acids, proteins, and fats.
DE Photosynthetic organisms are called autotrophs (literally self-
DE feeders) because they can synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide and
DE water, by using sunlight as an energy source, and then recover some of
DE this energy from the synthesized glucose through the glycolytic
DE pathway and aerobic metabolism. Organisms that obtain energy from
DE chemical fuels only are called heterotrophs, which ultimately depend
DE on autotrophs for their fuel. The Calvin cycle also differs from
DE gluconeogenesis in where it takes place in photosynthetic eukaryotes.
DE Whereas gluconeogenesis takes place in the cytoplasm, the Calvin cycle
DE takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts, the photosynthetic
DE organelles. The pentose phosphate pathway is part of central
DE metabolism. This pathway provides a means by which glucose can be
DE oxidized to generate NADPH and is the source of much of the NADPH that
DE is needed for the biosynthesis of many biomolecules, most notably
DE fats. The pentose phosphate pathway and the Calvin cycle have in
DE common several enzymes and intermediates that attest to an
DE evolutionary kinship. Like glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, these
DE pathways are mirror images of one another: the Calvin cycle uses NADPH
DE to reduce carbon dioxide to generate hexoses, whereas the pentose
DE phosphate pathway breaks down glucose into carbon dioxide to generate
DE NADPH. The Calvin cycle is sometimes referred to as the reductive
DE pentose phosphate pathway. [Stryer, Biochemistry, 2002].
SY reductive pentose phosphate pathway; C3 photosynthesis; reductive
SY pentose phosphate cycle.
HI UPA00412; carbohydrate biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0019253; P:reductive pentose-phosphate cycle.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7c90>.
//
ID carnitine metabolism.
AC UPA00117
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of L-Carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a
DE derivative of the amino acid L-lysine. Its name is derived from the
DE fact that it was first isolated from meat (carnus) in 1905. Because
DE L-carnitine appeared to act as a vitamin in the mealworm (Tenebrio
DE molitor), it was called vitamin BT. Vitamin BT turned out to be a
DE misnomer when scientists discovered that humans and other higher
DE organisms synthesize L-carnitine. Under certain conditions, the demand
DE for L-carnitine may exceed an individual's capacity to synthesize it,
DE making it a conditionally essential nutrient. L-Carnitine is
DE synthesized primarily in the liver and also in the kidneys, and must
DE be transported to other tissues. It is most concentrated in tissues
DE that use fatty acids as their primary dietary fuel, such as skeletal
DE and cardiac (heart) muscle. In this regard, L-carnitine plays an
DE important role in energy production by chaperoning activated fatty
DE acids (acyl-CoA) into the mitochondrial matrix for metabolism and
DE chaperoning intermediate compounds out of the mitochondrial matrix to
DE prevent their accumulation.
SY L-Carnitine metabolism; hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid
SY metabolism.
HI UPA00455; amine and polyamine metabolism.
DR PubMed; 10209289.
DR PubMed; 12081978.
DR PubMed; 15518548.
DR PubMed; 15731894.
DR PubMed; 11551212.
DR GO; GO:0009437; P:carnitine metabolic process.
//
ID carnitine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00118
CL Pathway.
DE The formation from simpler components of carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl
DE aminobutyric acid). L-Carnitine is synthesized primarily in the liver
DE and also in the kidneys, and must be transported to other tissues.
SY hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid biosynthesis; L-carnitine
SY biosynthesis.
HI UPA00289; amine and polyamine biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0045329; P:carnitine biosynthetic process.
//
ID xanthosine degradation.
AC UPA00119
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of xanthosine, a purine nucleoside.
HI UPA00583; purine metabolism.
//
ID prephenate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00120
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of prephenate from chorismate. Prephenate is an
DE intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino-acids,
DE L-Phenylalanine and L-Tyrosine.
HI UPA00415; metabolic intermediate biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00400; Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID L-phenylalanine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00121
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of L-phenylalanine ((S)-alpha-amino-beta-phenylpropionic
DE acid) from prephenate.
SY (S)-alpha-amino-beta-phenylpropionic acid biosynthesis.
HI UPA00402; amino-acid biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0009094; P:L-phenylalanine biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00360; Phenylalanine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00400; Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00960; Tropane, piperidine and pyridine alkaloid
DR biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bd5d0>.
//
ID L-tyrosine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00122
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of L-tyrosine ((S)-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)alanine) from
DE prephenate.
SY (S)-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)alanine biosynthesis;
SY (S)-2-amino-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid biosynthesis.
HI UPA00402; amino-acid biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0006571; P:tyrosine biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00130; Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00350; Tyrosine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00400; Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00401; Novobiocin biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00950; Isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bd590>.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bd710>.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bd790>.
//
ID dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis.
AC UPA00124
CL Pathway.
DE The formation from simpler components of dTDP-L-rhamnose, a substance
DE composed of L-rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine
DE diphosphate.
SY dTDP-6-deoxy-L-mannose biosynthesis.
HI UPA00412; carbohydrate biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0019305; P:dTDP-rhamnose biosynthetic process.
//
ID L-rhamnose metabolism.
AC UPA00125
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of rhamnose (hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose).
SY hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose metabolism.
HI UPA00411; carbohydrate metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0019299; P:rhamnose metabolic process.
//
ID GDP-alpha-D-mannose biosynthesis.
AC UPA00126
CL Pathway.
DE The formation from simpler components of GDP-D-mannose, a substance
DE composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
HI UPA00304; nucleotide-sugar biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0009298; P:GDP-mannose biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00051; Fructose and mannose metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00520; Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID GDP-L-fucose biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
AC UPA00128
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of GDP-L-fucose via de novo pathway. GDP-L-fucose, the
DE substrate for fucosyltransferases for addition of fucose to
DE polysaccharides or glycoproteins in both procaryotes and eucaryotes,
DE is made from GDP-D-mannose. L-Fucose is a component of bacterial
DE surface antigens, including the extracellular polysaccharide colanic
DE acid produced by most Escherichia coli strains, as well as by other
DE species of the family Enterobacteriaceae. In the de novo pathway,
DE GDP-L-fucose is synthesized from GDP-mannose via an oxidation, an
DE epimerization, and a reduction. These steps are catalyzed by two
DE enzymes, GDP-mannose-4,6-dehydratase and GDP-4-keto-6 -deoxy-
DE mannose-3,5-epimerase-4-reductase (FX in mammals). In mammals, the de
DE novo pathway is the major route for cellular GDP-L-fucose biosynthesis
DE in vivo. Levels of GDP-L-fucose in human hepatocellular carcinoma
DE tissues are significantly increased compared with adjacent nontumor
DE tissues or normal livers. (relationship between elevated FX expression
DE and increased production of GDP-L-Fucose).
SY GDP-D-mannose to GDP-L-fucose conversion.
HI UPA00304; nucleotide-sugar biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 9525924.
DR PubMed; 9603974.
DR PubMed; 14559815.
DR GO; GO:0042351; P:'de novo' GDP-L-fucose biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00051; Fructose and mannose metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00520; Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7fd0>.
//
ID GDP-L-fucose biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
AC UPA00129
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of GDP-L-fucose from L-fucose, without de novo synthesis.
DE In the salvage pathway, GDP-L-fucose is synthesized by the action of
DE an L-fucose kinase and GDP-L-fucose pyrophospholylase from free
DE fucose, which is delivered to the cytosol either extracellularly or
DE intracellularly.
HI UPA00304; nucleotide-sugar biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 9804772.
DR GO; GO:0042352; P:GDP-L-fucose salvage.
//
ID 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-D-glycerate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00130
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of alpha mannosylglycerate (MG), a compatible solute
DE originally identified in red algae of the order Ceramiales.
DE Mannosylglycerate is a common compatible solute of halotolerant or
DE slightly halophilic thermophilic and hyperthermophilic prokaryotes.
DE Mannosylglycerate has a role in stabilizing proteins from thermal
DE denaturation, since it is one of the most efficient thermoprotectants
DE known in vitro. The biosynthesis of MG proceeds via two alternate
DE routes. In one pathway, GDP-mannose is condensed with D-glycerate to
DE produce MG in a single glycosyl transfer reaction catalyzed by MG
DE synthase. In the other pathway, mannosyl-3-phosphoglycerate synthase
DE (MPGS) catalyzes the conversion of GDP-mannose and
DE D-3-phosphoglycerate into mannosyl-3-phosphoglycerate (MPG), which is
DE subsequently converted to MG by mannosyl-3-phosphoglycerate
DE phosphatase (MPGP).
HI UPA00412; carbohydrate biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 12788726.
DR PubMed; 10585410.
DR PubMed; 11562374.
DR GO; GO:0051479; P:mannosylglycerate biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00051; Fructose and mannose metabolism.
//
ID beta-alanine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00131
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid =
DE 3-aminopropanoate), an achiral amino-acid and an isomer of alanine. It
DE occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate)
DE but it is not a constituent of proteins. It is an intermediate in
DE pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) and coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis. In
DE contrast to bacteria, yeast derive the beta-alanine required for
DE pantothenic acid production via polyamine metabolism.
HI UPA00402; amino-acid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 12586697.
DR PubMed; 6767707.
DR GO; GO:0019483; P:beta-alanine biosynthetic process.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7cd0>.
//
ID L-ascorbate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00132
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid (Asa), a sugar acid with antioxidant
DE properties. L-ascorbate is required as a cofactor in reactions
DE catalyzed by copper-dependent monooxygenases and iron-dependent
DE dioxygenases. L-ascorbic acid can be biosynthesized by plants, some
DE bacteria and many vertebrates, although not in guinea pigs and
DE primates, including humans.
SY AsA biosynthesis; (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5
SY -dihydrofuran-3-olate biosynthesis; L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis;
SY vitamin C biosynthesis.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 8821967.
DR PubMed; 11153268.
DR PubMed; 15564123.
DR GO; GO:0019853; P:L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic process.
//
ID L-alanine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00133
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of L-alanine amino-acid.
HI UPA00402; amino-acid biosynthesis.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7d50>.
//
ID L-asparagine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00134
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of L-asparagine amino-acid.
HI UPA00402; amino-acid biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0006529; P:asparagine biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00250; Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00460; Cyanoamino acid metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00910; Nitrogen metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bd150>.
//
ID L-serine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00135
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of L-serine amino-acid.
HI UPA00402; amino-acid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 11354602.
DR PubMed; 3004357.
DR PubMed; 2982327.
DR PubMed; 7198894.
DR PubMed; 16269752.
DR KEGG; map00260; Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00680; Methane metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bd2d0>.
//
ID L-cysteine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00136
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of L-cysteine amino-acid.
HI UPA00402; amino-acid biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0019344; P:cysteine biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00260; Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00270; Cysteine and methionine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00910; Nitrogen metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00920; Sulfur metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bd350>.
//
ID monoterpene degradation.
AC UPA00137
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of monoterpenes. Monoterpenes can be divided into three
DE major subgroups: linear monoterpenes, monocyclic monoterpenes and
DE bicyclic monoterpenes.
HI UPA00423; terpene metabolism.
DR PubMed; 10769172.
//
ID gluconeogenesis.
AC UPA00138
CL Pathway.
DE Gluconeogenesis is the generation of glucose from other organic
DE molecules like lactate, glycerol, and amino-acids. Many 3- and
DE 4-carbon substrates can enter the gluconeogenesis pathway. But the
DE first designated substrate in the gluconeogenic pathway is pyruvate.
DE Gluconeogenesis cannot be considered to be a reverse process of
DE glycolysis, as the three irreversible steps in glycolysis are bypassed
DE in gluconeogenesis. This is done to ensure that glycolysis and
DE gluconeogenesis do not operate at the same time in the cell.
SY glucose biosynthesis.
HI UPA00412; carbohydrate biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0006094; P:gluconeogenesis.
//
ID L-phenylalanine degradation.
AC UPA00139
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of L-phenylalanine, an aromatic amino-acid.
SY (S)-alpha-amino-beta-phenylpropionic acid degradation;
SY (S)-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)alanine degradation; L-tyrosine degradation;
SY (S)-2-amino-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid degradation.
HI UPA00427; amino-acid degradation.
DR GO; GO:0006559; P:L-phenylalanine catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00130; Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00350; Tyrosine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00360; Phenylalanine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00400; Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00401; Novobiocin biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00643; Styrene degradation.
DR KEGG; map00950; Isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b8490>.
//
ID hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis.
AC UPA00140
CL Pathway.
DE Conversion of sulfate to hydrogen sulfide, in preparation for
DE incorporation into cysteine and methionine. Sulfate can provide sulfur
DE for biosynthesis. The sulfur atom in sulfate is more oxidized than it
DE is in cysteine and other organic molecules; thus sulfate must be
DE reduced before it can be assimilated. This process is known as
DE assimilatory sulfate reduction to distinguish it from the
DE dissimilatory sulfate reduction that takes place when sulfate acts as
DE an electron acceptor during anaerobic respiration.
SY sulfate activation pathway; assimilatory sulfate reduction; sulfate
SY assimilation pathway.
HI UPA00096; sulfur metabolism.
DR PubMed; 10464198.
DR PubMed; 15917234.
DR GO; GO:0070814; P:hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00230; Purine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00920; Sulfur metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID L-arabinose degradation via L-arabinono-1,4-lactone pathway.
AC UPA00141
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of L-arabinose via L-arabinono-1,4-lactone pathway. In
DE this catabolic pathway, L-arabinose is oxidized to L-arabino-gamma-
DE lactone (L-arabinono-1,4-lactone) by a NAD(P)+-dependent
DE dehydrogenase. The lactone is cleaved by a lactonase to L-arabonate,
DE followed by two successive dehydration reactions forming
DE L-2-keto-3-deoxyarabonate (L-KDA)2 and alpha-ketoglutaric semialdehyde
DE (alpha-KGSA). The last step is the NAD(P)+-dependent dehydrogenation
DE of alpha-KGSA to alpha-ketoglutaric acid (referred to as the first
DE pathway). Alternatively, L-KDA is cleaved through an aldolase reaction
DE to glycolaldehyde and pyruvate (referred to as the second pathway). .
HI UPA00413; carbohydrate degradation.
DR PubMed; 16950779.
DR PubMed; 17202142.
DR PubMed; 16326697.
DR GO; GO:0019570; P:L-arabinose catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate.
DR KEGG; map00040; Pentose and glucuronate interconversions.
DR KEGG; map00053; Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b8190>.
//
ID glutathione biosynthesis.
AC UPA00142
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH;
DE L-{gamma}-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine), a predominant low molecular
DE weight peptide thiol present in many Gram- negative bacteria and in
DE virtually all eukaryotes, except those that lack mitochondria.
SY GSH biosynthesis; glutathione de novo biosynthesis.
HI UPA00096; sulfur metabolism.
DR PubMed; 16339152.
DR GO; GO:0006750; P:glutathione biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00480; Glutathione metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID protein ubiquitination.
AC UPA00143
CL Pathway.
DE Ubiquitin is a small protein that occurs in all eukaryotic cells. Its
DE main known function is to mark other proteins for destruction, known
DE as proteolysis. The process of marking a protein with ubiquitin
DE (ubiquitinylation, ubiquitylation or ubiquitination) consists of a
DE series of steps [source: wikipedia]: 1. Activation of ubiquitin -
DE ubiquitin is activated in a two-step reaction by an E1 ubiquitin-
DE activating enzyme in a process requiring ATP as an energy source. The
DE initial step involves production of a ubiquitin-adenylate
DE intermediate. The second step transfers ubiquitin to the E1 active
DE site cysteine residue, with release of AMP. This step results in a
DE thioester linkage between the C-terminal carboxyl group of ubiquitin
DE and the E1 cysteine sulfhydryl group. 2. Transfer of ubiquitin from E1
DE to the active site cysteine of a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 via a
DE trans(thio)esterification reaction. 3. The final step of the
DE ubiquitinylation cascade generally requires the activity of one of the
DE hundreds of E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases (often termed simply
DE ubiquitin ligase). E3 enzymes function as the substrate recognition
DE modules of the system and are capable of interaction with both E2 and
DE substrate. E3 enzymes possess one of two domains: * The HECT
DE (Homologous to the E6-AP Carboxyl Terminus) domain * The RING domain
DE (or the closely related U-box domain).
SY Ubl conjugation pathway; protein ubiquitylation; protein
SY ubiquitinylation; ubiquitin conjugation pathway.
HI UPA00460; protein modification.
DR PubMed; 11395416.
DR GO; GO:0016567; P:protein ubiquitination.
//
ID proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent pathway.
AC UPA00144
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of proteins by hydrolysis of their peptide bonds. This
DE process is initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and
DE mediated by the proteasome.
SY UFD pathway; ubiquitin fusion protein degradation pathway.
HI UPA00468; protein degradation.
DR GO; GO:0043161; P:proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic
DR process.
//
ID L-arabinose degradation via L-ribulose.
AC UPA00145
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of L-arabinose via L-ribulose pathway. The bacterial
DE L-arabinose catabolic pathway consists of L-arabinose isomerase (EC
DE 5.3.1.4), ribulokinase (EC 2.7.1.16), and L-ribulose phosphate
DE 4-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.4) which convert L-arabinose to D-xylulose
DE 5-phosphate. The pathway and the genes of this pathway are well-
DE established.
HI UPA00413; carbohydrate degradation.
DR PubMed; 9084180.
DR PubMed; 3549454.
DR GO; GO:0019569; P:L-arabinose catabolic process to xylulose
DR 5-phosphate.
DR KEGG; map00040; Pentose and glucuronate interconversions.
DR KEGG; map00053; Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b8150>.
//
ID L-arabinose degradation via L-arabinitol.
AC UPA00146
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of L-arabinose via L-arabinitol pathway. The fungal
DE L-arabinose catabolic pathway consists of aldose reductase (EC
DE 1.1.1.21), L-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.12), L-xylulose
DE reductase (EC 1.1.1.10), D-xylulose reductase (EC 1.1.1.9), and
DE xylulokinase (EC 2.7.1.17) which convert L-arabinose to D-xylulose
DE 5-phosphate. .
HI UPA00413; carbohydrate degradation.
DR PubMed; 12009906.
DR GO; GO:0019569; P:L-arabinose catabolic process to xylulose
DR 5-phosphate.
DR KEGG; map00040; Pentose and glucuronate interconversions.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b80d0>.
//
ID methane degradation.
AC UPA00147
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of methane, the simplest alkane.
HI UPA00426; energy metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0046188; P:methane catabolic process.
//
ID adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00148
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of adenosylcobalamin (vitamin B12), a modified
DE tetrapyrrole cofactor. Adenosylcobalamin belongs to the same class of
DE compounds as heme, chlorophyll, siroheme, and coenzyme F430. Most
DE prokaryotic organisms as well as animals (including human) and
DE protists have enzyme that require adenosylcobalamin as cofactor,
DE whereas plants and fungi are thought not to use it. It is one of the
DE most structurally complex protein cofactors ans its biosynthesis
DE remains one of the most enigmatic and exigent metabolic pathways in
DE nature, requiring around 30 enzymes. Two distinct yet similar route
DE exist, known as the oxygene-dependent (aerobic route) and oxygen-
DE independent (anaerobic route) pathways. These pathways diverge at
DE precorrin-2 and merge again at adenosylcobyrate. The major difference
DE between these two routes include the timing of cobalt insertion, the
DE requirement for oxygen and the nature of the extruded carbon fragment
DE which is lost during the ring construction process [McGoldrick et al,
DE 2005].
SY vitamin B12 biosynthesis.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 12196148.
DR PubMed; 16198574.
DR PubMed; 16866557.
DR GO; GO:0009236; P:cobalamin biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00860; Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID penicillin G biosynthesis.
AC UPA00149
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of penicillin G, a beta-lactam antibiotic. Penicillin G
DE is one of the mainly used antibiotics for the therapy of infectious
DE diseases. It is produced as end product by some filamentous fungi
DE only, most notably by Aspergillus (Emericella) nidulans and
DE Penicillium chrysogenum. The penicillin biosynthesis is catalysed by
DE three enzymes which are encoded by the following three genes: pcbAB
DE (acvA), pcbC (ipnA) and penDE (aatA).
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 15719552.
DR KEGG; map00311; Penicillin and cephalosporin biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID maltose degradation.
AC UPA00150
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of maltose (malt sugar), a disaccharide formed from two
DE units of glucose joined with an alpha(1-4) linkage. .
SY malt sugar degradation.
HI UPA00442; glycan degradation.
DR GO; GO:0000025; P:maltose catabolic process.
//
ID auxin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00151
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of auxins. Auxins are natural plant hormone involved in
DE several stages of plant growth and development such as cell
DE elongation, cell division, tissue differentiation, and apical
DE dominance. The biosynthesis and the underlying mechanism of auxins
DE (and cytokinins) action are subjects of intense investigation. Diverse
DE bacterial species possess the ability to produce the auxin
DE phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA).
SY indole-3-acetate biosynthesis; indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis;
SY indoleacetate biosynthesis; IAA biosynthesis.
HI UPA00437; plant hormone metabolism.
DR PubMed; 17509086.
DR PubMed; 12758033.
DR PubMed; 7576148.
DR GO; GO:0009851; P:auxin biosynthetic process.
//
ID starch biosynthesis.
AC UPA00152
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of starch, a complex carbohydrate, used by plants as a
DE way to store excess glucose. Starch contains a mixture of two
DE molecules: amylose and amylopectin. Usually these are found in a ratio
DE of 30:70 or 20:80, with amylopectin found in larger amounts than
DE amylose. Starch is often found in the fruit, seeds, rhizomes or tubers
DE of plants. .
HI UPA00484; glycan biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0019252; P:starch biosynthetic process.
//
ID starch degradation.
AC UPA00153
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of starch, a complex carbohydrate, used by plants as a way
DE to store excess glucose. Starch contains a mixture of two molecules:
DE amylose and amylopectin. Usually these are found in a ratio of 30:70
DE or 20:80, with amylopectin found in larger amounts than amylose.
DE Starch is often found in the fruit, seeds, rhizomes or tubers of
DE plants. .
HI UPA00442; glycan degradation.
DR GO; GO:0005983; P:starch catabolic process.
//
ID flavonoid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00154
CL Pathway.
DE The formation from simpler components of flavonoids, a group of
DE phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton.
HI UPA00464; secondary metabolite biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0009813; P:flavonoid biosynthetic process.
//
ID biphenyl degradation.
AC UPA00155
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of biphenyl, an aromatic hydrocarbon, comprised of two,
DE six-sided aromatic rings connected at one carbon on each ring. It is
DE used as a fungistat in transportation containers of oranges and other
DE citrus fruits, as an intermediate for the production of emulsifiers,
DE optical brighteners, plastics, crop protection products and other
DE organic compounds. It is also used as a heat transfer medium, as a
DE dyestuff carrier for textiles and copying paper, as a solvent in
DE pharmaceutical production, and it was the parent compound of
DE polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (Weaver et al., 1979). Biphenyl is
DE considered to be one of the most thermally stable organic compounds
DE (HSDB, 1991). Animal studies have indicated that biphenyl exposure
DE results in morphological and histopathological changes in the urinary
DE system and it is considered to be a possible mutagen based on in-vitro
DE studies (Boehncke et al., 2005). Various aerobic bacteria are capable
DE of degrading biphenyl via the bhp encoded pathway (Catelani et al.,
DE 1971 and Haddock et al., 1993), which is also capable of degrading low
DE chlorinated PCBs. [Rehmann L, Daugulis AJ., Chemosphere. 2006
DE May;63(6):972-9.].
HI UPA00105; xenobiotic degradation.
DR PubMed; 16339959.
DR PubMed; 16310831.
DR KEGG; map00621; Dioxin degradation.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID benzoate degradation via hydroxylation.
AC UPA00156
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of benzoic acid via hydroxylation pathway. This aerobic
DE pathway includes hydroxylation of the aromatic ring by monooxygenases
DE or dioxygenases, whereby catechol (1,2-dihydroxybenzene) or
DE protocatechuate (3,4-dihydroxybenzoate) is produced. These central
DE aromatic intermediates are the substrates for ring-cleaving
DE dioxygenases.
HI UPA00433; aromatic compound metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0043640; P:benzoate catabolic process via hydroxylation.
DR KEGG; map00362; Benzoate degradation.
DR KEGG; map00627; Aminobenzoate degradation.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID beta-ketoadipate pathway.
AC UPA00157
CL Pathway.
DE The classical beta-ketoadipate pathway: ortho cleavage of catechol
DE (1,2-dihydroxybenzene) or protocatechuate (3,4-dihydroxybenzoate) ring
DE leads to beta-ketoadipate (3-oxoadipate), which is subsequently
DE converted to succinyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and acetyl-CoA.
HI UPA00433; aromatic compound metabolism.
DR PubMed; 8905091.
DR PubMed; 15937168.
DR GO; GO:0042952; P:beta-ketoadipate pathway.
DR KEGG; map00362; Benzoate degradation.
DR KEGG; map00624; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID urea cycle.
AC UPA00158
CL Pathway.
DE The urea cycle, also known as the ornithine cycle, is a cycle of
DE biochemical reactions occurring in many animal organisms that produces
DE urea from ammonia (NH4+). This cycle was the first metabolic cycle
DE discovered (Krebs and Hensenleit, 1932) [Wikipedia]. Arginine from the
DE diet or from protein breakdown is cleaved by the cytosolic enzyme
DE arginase, generating urea and ornithine. In subsequent reactions of
DE the urea cycle a new urea residue is built on the ornithine,
DE regenerating arginine and perpetuating the cycle.
SY ornithine cycle.
HI UPA00045; nitrogen metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0000050; P:urea cycle.
DR KEGG; map00250; Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00330; Arginine and proline metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID CTP biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
AC UPA00159
CL Pathway.
DE De novo biosynthesis of CTP starting from UMP.
SY cytosine triphosphate biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
HI UPA00570; pyrimidine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00240; Pyrimidine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID tocopherol biosynthesis.
AC UPA00160
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of tocopherol, or vitamin E, a fat-soluble vitamin that
DE is an important antioxidant. Natural vitamin E exists in eight
DE different forms or isomers, four tocopherols and four tocotrienols.
DE All isomers have a chromanol ring, with a hydroxyl group which can
DE donate a hydrogen atom to reduce free radicals and a hydrophobic side
DE chain which allows for penetration into biological membranes. There is
DE an alpha, beta, gamma and delta form of both the tocopherols and
DE tocotrienols, determined by the number of methyl groups on the
DE chromanol ring. Each form has its own biological activity. Alpha-
DE tocopherol is the most active form of vitamin E (tocopherol) in humans
DE and is a powerful biological antioxidant.
SY vitamin E biosynthesis.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0010189; P:vitamin E biosynthetic process.
//
ID lincomycin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00161
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of lincomycin A, an antibiotic that comes from the
DE bacteria Streptomyces lincolnensis. It is composed of two moieties, a
DE sugar moiety
DE 6-amino-6,8-dideoxy-1-thio-D-erythro-{alpha}-D-galactooctopyranoside
DE (methylthiolincosaminide) and an amino-acid derivative
DE 4-n-propyl-L-hygric acid, linked by an amide bond.
SY cillimycin biosynthesis; lincomycin A biosynthesis.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 15355345.
DR PubMed; 8577249.
DR PubMed; 9531633.
//
ID vancomycin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00162
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic that comes from
DE Actonobacteria. Vancomycin acts by inhibiting proper cell wall
DE synthesis in Gram-positive bacteria. The mechanism inhibited, and
DE various factors related to entering the outer membrane of Gram-
DE negative organisms mean that vancomycin is not active against Gram-
DE negative bacteria (except some non-gonococcal species of Neisseria).
DE Specifically, vancomycin prevents incorporation of N-acetylmuramic
DE acid (NAM)- and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)-peptide subunits into the
DE peptidoglycan matrix; which forms the major structural component of
DE Gram-positive cell walls.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 12888556.
DR PubMed; 12207020.
DR PubMed; 15122882.
DR GO; GO:0033072; P:vancomycin biosynthetic process.
//
ID glycogen metabolism.
AC UPA00163
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of glycogen. This polysaccharide is the principal storage
DE form of glucose (Glc) in animal cells. Glycogen is found in the form
DE of granules in the cytosol in many cell types, and plays an important
DE role in the glucose cycle.
HI UPA00484; glycan biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0005977; P:glycogen metabolic process.
//
ID glycogen biosynthesis.
AC UPA00164
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of glycogen, the principal storage form of glucose (Glc)
DE in animal cells. Glycogen is found in the form of granules in the
DE cytosol in many cell types, and plays an important role in the glucose
DE cycle.
HI UPA00484; glycan biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0005978; P:glycogen biosynthetic process.
//
ID glycogen degradation.
AC UPA00165
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of glycogen, the principal storage form of glucose (Glc)
DE in animal cells. Glycogen is found in the form of granules in the
DE cytosol in many cell types, and plays an important role in the glucose
DE cycle. .
HI UPA00442; glycan degradation.
DR GO; GO:0005980; P:glycogen catabolic process.
//
ID mersacidin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00166
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of mersacidin, a glycopeptide antibiotic that comes from
DE Actonobacteria. Vancomycin acts by inhibiting proper cell wall
DE synthesis in Gram-positive bacteria. The mechanism inhibited, and
DE various factors related to entering the outer membrane of Gram-
DE negative organisms mean that vancomycin is not active against Gram-
DE negative bacteria (except some non-gonococcal species of Neisseria).
DE Specifically, vancomycin prevents incorporation of N-acetylmuramic
DE acid (NAM)- and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)-peptide subunits into the
DE peptidoglycan matrix; which forms the major structural component of
DE Gram-positive cell walls.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 10831439.
//
ID heptaketide naphthopyrone YWA1 biosynthesis.
AC UPA00167
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of heptaketide naphthopyrone YWA1. yWA1 is a yellow
DE conidial wall pigment intermediate produced by Emericella nidulans
DE (Aspergillus nidulans).
HI UPA00473; polyketide biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 11251292.
DR PubMed; 1465094.
DR PubMed; 15324811.
//
ID phosphinothricin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00168
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of phosphinothricin
DE (2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)butanoic acid) antibiotic.
SY 2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)butanoic acid biosynthesis.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
//
ID beta-lactam biosynthesis.
AC UPA00169
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of beta-lactam antibiotics, a broad class of antibiotics
DE which include penicillin derivatives, cephalosporins, monobactams,
DE carbapenems and beta-lactamase inhibitors,etc (i.e any antibiotic
DE agent which contains a beta-lactam nucleus in its molecular
DE structure). The beta- lactam ring, or penam, is a lactam with a
DE heteroatomic ring structure, consisting of three carbon atoms and one
DE nitrogen atom.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0030654; P:beta-lactam antibiotic biosynthetic process.
//
ID trisporate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00170
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of trisporate, a sex pheromone. Trisporate stimulates
DE zygophore (sex cell) development in Mucor mucedo ans presumably in all
DE other mucoraceous fungi including Blakeslea trispora.
DE 4-dihydromethyltrisporate is produced solely by the (+) mating type
DE and released into the environment. (-) Mating types react to the
DE stimulus by directed growth and production of zygophores.
DE 4-dihydromethyltrisporate is taken up by (-) hyphae and converted into
DE methyltrisporate by 4-dihydromethyltrisporate dehydrogenase (TDH).
DE Trisporate is synthesized from methyltrisporate by an esterase. Both
DE enzymatic reactions occur specifically in the (-) mating type.
HI UPA00459; pheromone biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 4818834.
DR PubMed; 16043374.
DR PubMed; 8828234.
DR GO; GO:0046842; P:trisporic acid biosynthetic process.
//
ID pentalenene biosynthesis.
AC UPA00171
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of pentalenene, a tricyclic sesquiterpene that is the
DE hydrocarbon precursor of the pentalenolactone family of antibiotics.
DE Pentalenene is produced by the cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate.
HI UPA00449; sesquiterpene biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00909; Sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis.
//
ID cephalosporin C biosynthesis.
AC UPA00172
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of cephalosporin C antibiotic.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 11759684.
DR PubMed; 16332884.
//
ID actinorhodin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00173
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of actinorhodin polyketide antibiotic.
SY actinorhodine biosynthesis.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 9166770.
DR PubMed; 15286722.
DR PubMed; 15458634.
DR PubMed; 15544323.
//
ID tetracenomycin C biosynthesis.
AC UPA00174
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of tetracenomycin C, a polyketide antibiotic.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
//
ID granaticin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00175
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of granaticin, a polyketide antibiotic.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
//
ID curamycin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00176
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of curamycin, a polyketide antibiotic.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
//
ID aristolochene biosynthesis.
AC UPA00177
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of aristolochene, a bicyclic eremophilane-type
DE sesquiterpene. Aristolochene (+)-enantiomer is a precursor of
DE mycotoxin PR-toxin in P.roqueforti. It is the likely parent
DE hydrocarbon of several eremophilene toxins and bioregulators produced
DE by a variery of filamentous fungi. The antipodal (-)-enantiomer has
DE been isolated from numerous higher plants.
HI UPA00449; sesquiterpene biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00909; Sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID monensin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00178
CL Pathway.
DE iosynthesis of monensin, a polyketide antifungal.
HI UPA00479; antifungal biosynthesis.
//
ID bacitracin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00179
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of bacitracin antibiotic.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
//
ID tyrocidine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00180
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of tyrocidine antibiotic. Tyrocidine is a mixture of four
DE cyclic decapeptides, tyrocidine A (D-Phe-Pro-Phe-D-Phe-Asn-Gln-Tyr-
DE Val-Orn-Leu), B, C, and D, in which Phe, at positions 3, 4, and Tyr
DE residues are gradually replaced by Trp, depending on the relative
DE concentrations of these amino-acids in the growth medium.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
//
ID surfactin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00181
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of surfactin antibiotic.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
//
ID carbapenem biosynthesis.
AC UPA00182
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of carbapenem (1-carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid), a
DE beta-lactam antibiotic. biosynthesis.
SY 1-carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid biosynthesis.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 9402024.
//
ID cephamycin C biosynthesis.
AC UPA00183
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of cephamycin C, a beta-lactam antibiotic.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 16527306.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7dd0>.
//
ID fortimicin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00184
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of fortimicin A (astromicin) antibiotic.
SY astromicin biosynthesis.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 8486289.
//
ID L-arginine degradation via AST pathway.
AC UPA00185
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of L-arginine via arginine succinyl transferase pathway.
DE One function of this pathway is to provide nitrogen during nitrogen
DE restriction. The ammonia produced is assimilated into glutamate and
DE glutamine, which in turn provides nitrogen for the synthesis of
DE virtually all nitrogen-containing compounds.
SY L-glutamate and succinate biosynthesis; arginine succinyl transferase
SY (AST) pathway.
HI UPA00427; amino-acid degradation.
DR PubMed; 9393691.
DR PubMed; 9696779.
DR PubMed; 2865249.
DR PubMed; 12003934.
DR GO; GO:0019545; P:arginine catabolic process to succinate.
DR KEGG; map00330; Arginine and proline metabolism.
//
ID agmatine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00186
CL Pathway.
DE The decarboxylation of L-arginine by arginine decarboxylase produces
DE agmatine. Agmatine is a metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of
DE putrescine and higher polyamines (spermidine and spermine). Recent
DE studies indicate that agmatine can have several important biochemical
DE effects in humans, ranging from effects on the central nervous system
DE to cell proliferation in cancer and viral replication.
SY L-arginine degradation via ADC pathway; arginine decarboxylase
SY pathway.
HI UPA00289; amine and polyamine biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 12641342.
DR PubMed; 15656789.
DR KEGG; map00330; Arginine and proline metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID putrescine degradation.
AC UPA00188
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of the putrescine polyamine. There are two routes of
DE putrescine degradation to succinate semialdehyde via gamma-
DE aminobutyric acid (GABA).
SY 1,4-butanediamine degradation; putrescine catabolism;
SY 1,4-diaminobutane degradation; tetramethylenediamine degradation.
HI UPA00456; amine and polyamine degradation.
DR PubMed; 12634339.
DR PubMed; 12617754.
DR PubMed; 15590624.
DR GO; GO:0009447; P:putrescine catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00250; Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00330; Arginine and proline metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00410; beta-Alanine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00650; Butanoate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID GMP biosynthesis.
AC UPA00189
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of GMP (guanosine monophosphate) from IMP (inosine
DE monophosphate).
SY guanosine monophosphate biosynthesis; guanosine 5'-phosphate
SY biosynthesis.
HI UPA00583; purine metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006177; P:GMP biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00230; Purine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID B6 vitamer interconversion.
AC UPA00190
CL Pathway.
DE Interconversion of B6 vitamers (PL, PM, PN, PLP, PMP, PNP).
SY vitamin B6 salvage pathway.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00750; Vitamin B6 metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID alkane degradation.
AC UPA00191
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of saturated hydrocarbon compounds.
HI UPA00325; hydrocarbon metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0043448; P:alkane catabolic process.
//
ID B6 vitamer degradation.
AC UPA00192
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of B6 vitamers (PL, PM, PN).
SY vitamin B6 degradation.
HI UPA00483; cofactor degradation.
DR GO; GO:0042820; P:vitamin B6 catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00750; Vitamin B6 metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID tetrahydrofolate interconversion.
AC UPA00193
CL Pathway.
DE C1-unit interconversion via tetrahydrofolate pathway.
SY one carbon pool by folate pathway; C1-unit interconversion.
HI UPA00445; one-carbon metabolism.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7fd0>.
//
ID thyroid hormone biosynthesis.
AC UPA00194
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of thyroid hormones. The thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4)
DE and triiodothyronine (T3), are tyrosine-based hormones produced by the
DE thyroid gland. An important component in the synthesis is iodine. The
DE major form of thyroid hormone in the blood is thyroxine (T4). .
HI UPA00435; hormone biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0006590; P:thyroid hormone generation.
//
ID epi-isozizaene biosynthesis.
AC UPA00195
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of the tricyclic sesquiterpenoid epi-isozizaene produced
DE by Streptomyces coelicolor.
HI UPA00449; sesquiterpene biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 16669656.
//
ID glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis.
AC UPA00196
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of GPI or glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, a
DE glycolipid that can be attached to the C-terminus of a protein during
DE posttranslational modification. A GPI anchor is composed of a
DE hydrophobic phosphatidyl inositol group linked through a carbohydrate
DE containing linker (glucosamine and mannose linked to phosphoryl
DE ethanolamine residue) to the C-terminal amino-acid of a mature
DE protein. The two fatty acids within the hydrophobic phosphatidyl-
DE inositol group anchor the protein to the cell membrane.
SY GPI anchor biosynthesis.
HI UPA00506; glycolipid biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0006506; P:GPI anchor biosynthetic process.
//
ID bialaphos biosynthesis.
AC UPA00197
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of bialaphos, a secondary metabolite of Streptomyces
DE hygroscopicus, used as herbicide. Bialaphos is a tripeptide which
DE consists of two L-alanine residues and the L-glutamic analog
DE phosphinothrycin.
SY 2-amino-4-(methylphosphino)butyrylalanylalanine biosynthesis.
HI UPA00464; secondary metabolite biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 3611020.
//
ID DNA modification.
AC UPA00198
CL Pathway.
DE The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotide sites in DNA,
DE resulting in a change in its properties. [GO].
HI UPA00485; genetic information processing.
DR GO; GO:0006304; P:DNA modification.
//
ID fatty acid metabolism.
AC UPA00199
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of fatty acids.
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006631; P:fatty acid metabolic process.
//
ID stilbene, coumarine and lignin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00200
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of stilbene, coumarine and lignin.
HI UPA00465; secondary metabolite metabolism.
//
ID L-glutamate metabolism.
AC UPA00201
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of L-glutamic acid amino-acid.
SY L-glutamic acid metabolism.
HI UPA00401; amino-acid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006538; P:glutamate catabolic process.
//
ID fructose metabolism.
AC UPA00202
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of fructose.
HI UPA00411; carbohydrate metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006000; P:fructose metabolic process.
//
ID methylnaphthalene degradation.
AC UPA00203
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of methylnaphthalene derivative compounds.
HI UPA00105; xenobiotic degradation.
DR GO; GO:0043635; P:methylnaphthalene catabolic process.
//
ID glutathione metabolism.
AC UPA00204
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine,
DE which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the
DE protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins; it has
DE a specific role in the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and
DE oxidized ascorbate, and it participates in the gamma-glutamyl cycle.
DE [source: GO].
SY GSH metabolism; glutamylcysteinylglycine tripeptide metabolism.
HI UPA00096; sulfur metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006749; P:glutathione metabolic process.
//
ID propanoate metabolism.
AC UPA00205
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of propionic acid (propionate, propanoate).
SY propionic acid metabolism; propionate metabolism.
HI UPA00698; organic acid metabolism.
//
ID ethanol fermentation.
AC UPA00206
CL Pathway.
DE Fermentation of ethanol.
HI UPA00553; fermentation.
//
ID nylon-6 oligomer degradation.
AC UPA00207
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of 6-aminohexanoate dimers (cyclic or linear), by-products
DE of nylon manufacture.
SY nylon degradation.
HI UPA00105; xenobiotic degradation.
DR PubMed; 2512123.
DR PubMed; 6646204.
DR PubMed; 2722746.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7e50>.
//
ID 4-hydroxyphenylacetate degradation.
AC UPA00208
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid.
SY 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid degradation.
HI UPA00433; aromatic compound metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00350; Tyrosine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID geosmin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00209
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of geosmin (trans-1,10-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol). Geosmin
DE is responsible for the characteristic odor of moist soil, it is
DE produced in soil primarily by streptomycetes-ubiquitous Gram-positive,
DE filamentous, saprophytic bacteria. Geosmin has also been isolated from
DE a variety of cyanobacteria, fungi, and liverworts. Jiang et al
DE [PMID:16787064] established that the biosynthesis of geosmin from
DE farnesyl diphosphate is catalyzed by a single enzyme, the
DE germacradienol/germacrene D synthase, without intervention of any
DE additional enzymes and without any requirement for redox cofactors.
SY trans-1,10-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol biosynthesis.
HI UPA00464; secondary metabolite biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 16787064.
//
ID spermine degradation.
AC UPA00211
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of the polyamine spermine
DE (N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-butanediamine).
SY N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-butanediamine biosynthesis.
HI UPA00456; amine and polyamine degradation.
DR PubMed; 12141946.
DR GO; GO:0046208; P:spermine catabolic process.
//
ID polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00212
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), linear polyesters
DE produced by bacterial fermentation of sugar or lipids. .
SY polyhydroxyalkanoic acid synthesis; PHA synthesis.
HI UPA00487; polyester biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 12200450.
//
ID terpenoid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00213
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of terpenoid compounds.
HI UPA00464; secondary metabolite biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0016114; P:terpenoid biosynthetic process.
//
ID galactose metabolism.
AC UPA00214
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of galactose.
HI UPA00411; carbohydrate metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006012; P:galactose metabolic process.
//
ID nucleotide-sugar metabolism.
AC UPA00215
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of nucleotide-sugar compounds. .
HI UPA00411; carbohydrate metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0009225; P:nucleotide-sugar metabolic process.
//
ID vanillyl-alcohol degradation.
AC UPA00217
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of vanillyl-alcohol (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzenemethanol).
SY 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzenemethanol degradation.
HI UPA00105; xenobiotic degradation.
//
ID peptidoglycan biosynthesis.
AC UPA00219
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of peptidoglycan, also known as murein, a polymer
DE consisting of sugars and amino-acids that forms a mesh-like layer
DE outside the plasma membrane of eubacteria. The sugar component
DE consists of alternating residues of beta-(1,4) linked
DE N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid residues. Attached to the
DE N-acetylmuramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino-acids.
DE The peptide chain can be cross-linked to the peptide chain of another
DE strand forming the 3D mesh-like layer. Some Archaea have a similar
DE layer of pseudopeptidoglycan. Peptidoglycan serves a structural role
DE in the bacterial cell wall, giving structural strength, as well as
DE counteracting the osmotic pressure of the cytoplasm. Peptidoglycan is
DE also involved in binary fission during bacterial cell
DE reproduction.[wikipedia].
SY murein biosynthesis.
HI UPA00547; cell wall biogenesis.
DR PubMed; SBN:0-13-144329-1.
DR GO; GO:0009252; P:peptidoglycan biosynthetic process.
//
ID phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00220
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol phosphate, a class of
DE phospholipids.
SY PIP biosynthesis.
HI UPA00085; phospholipid metabolism.
//
ID bile acid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00221
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids
DE occurring in bile [GO].
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006699; P:bile acid biosynthetic process.
//
ID sphingolipid metabolism.
AC UPA00222
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of sphingolipid compounds, any of a class of lipids
DE containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related
DE base (a sphingoid). There are three main types of sphingolipids:
DE ceramides, sphingomyelins and glycosphingolipids.
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006665; P:sphingolipid metabolic process.
//
ID tricarboxylic acid cycle.
AC UPA00223
CL Pathway.
DE The tricarboxylic acid cycle (citric acid cycle, TCA cycle, Krebs
DE cycle, or rarely, the Szent-Gyorgyi-Krebs cycle) is a series of
DE enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions of central importance in all
DE living cells that use oxygen as part of cellular respiration.
SY TCA cycle; citric acid cycle; KREBS cycle.
HI UPA00411; carbohydrate metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006099; P:tricarboxylic acid cycle.
DR KEGG; map00020; Citrate cycle (TCA cycle).
DR KEGG; map00072; Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies.
DR KEGG; map00280; Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation.
DR KEGG; map00480; Glutathione metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00620; Pyruvate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00623; Toluene degradation.
DR KEGG; map00630; Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00640; Propanoate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00650; Butanoate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00680; Methane metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00710; Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms.
DR KEGG; map00720; Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID tryptophan metabolism.
AC UPA00224
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of tryptophan amino-acid.
HI UPA00401; amino-acid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006568; P:tryptophan metabolic process.
//
ID lysine degradation.
AC UPA00225
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of lysine amino-acid.
HI UPA00401; amino-acid metabolism.
//
ID Entner-Doudoroff pathway.
AC UPA00226
CL Pathway.
DE Entner-Doudoroff pathway that converts glucose to pyruvate and
DE glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate by producing 6-phosphogluconate and then
DE dehydrating it. [GO].
HI UPA00411; carbohydrate metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0009255; P:Entner-Doudoroff pathway.
//
ID glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism.
AC UPA00227
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of glyoxylate and dicarboxylate.
HI UPA00411; carbohydrate metabolism.
//
ID xylene degradation.
AC UPA00228
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of xylene, a mixture of three aromatic hydrocarbon ortho-,
DE meta- and para-xylene.
HI UPA00105; xenobiotic degradation.
DR GO; GO:0042184; P:xylene catabolic process.
//
ID C21-steroid hormone metabolism.
AC UPA00229
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of C21-steroid hormone compounds.
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0008207; P:C21-steroid hormone metabolic process.
//
ID glycerolipid metabolism.
AC UPA00230
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of glycerolipids.
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0046486; P:glycerolipid metabolic process.
//
ID pyruvate metabolism.
AC UPA00231
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of pyruvic acid, the simplest alpha-keto acid that plays an
DE important role in biochemical processes.
SY pyruvic acid metabolism.
HI UPA00411; carbohydrate metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006090; P:pyruvate metabolic process.
//
ID ubiquinone biosynthesis.
AC UPA00232
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of ubiquinones, lipid-soluble electron-transporting
DE coenzymes. Ubiquinones are essential electron carrier in prokaryotes.
DE Ubiquinones are essential molecules in aerobic organisms to achieve
DE both, ATP synthesis and antioxidant defence.
SY CoQ biosynthesis; coenzyme Q biosynthesis.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 16873927.
DR PubMed; 17033719.
DR PubMed; 15928598.
DR GO; GO:0006744; P:ubiquinone biosynthetic process.
//
ID benzoate degradation via CoA ligation.
AC UPA00233
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of benzoic acid, by its ligation to Coenzyme-A to form
DE benzoyl-CoA.
HI UPA00105; xenobiotic degradation.
DR GO; GO:0010128; P:benzoate catabolic process via CoA ligation.
//
ID enniatin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00234
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of enniatin derivatives. Enniatins are N-methylated
DE cyclohexadepsipeptides produced by various Fusarium species and with
DE manifold biological properties (Tomoda et al. 1992 [PMID:1399840]).
DE They are composed of alternating residues of D-2-hydroxyisovaleric
DE acid (D-Hiv) and an N-methylated branched-chain amino-acid such as
DE L-valine, L-leucine or L-isoleucine. The biosynthesis of enniatins is
DE catalyzed by the multifunctional enzyme enniatin synthetase (Esyn),
DE which belongs to the class of nonribosomal peptide synthetases
DE (NRPSs). Enniatin belong to ionophore antibiotic class.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 1399840.
DR PubMed; 12209259.
DR GO; GO:0046585; P:enniatin biosynthetic process.
//
ID pyocyanine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00235
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of pyocyanin, a blue pigment produced by bacteria such as
DE Pseudomonas spp. Pyocyanin is a redox-active phenazine compound that
DE kills mammalian and bacterial cells through the generation of reactive
DE oxygen intermediates. Pyocyanin produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
DE contributes to its ability to colonise the lungs of cystic fibrosis
DE patients.
SY pyocyanin biosynthesis.
HI UPA00464; secondary metabolite biosynthesis.
//
ID 2,4-dichlorobenzoate degradation.
AC UPA00236
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of 2,4-dichlorobenzoate, a chlorinated aromatic compound
DE which is a key intermediate in the aerobic degradation of
DE polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). [GO:0046298].
HI UPA00105; xenobiotic degradation.
DR GO; GO:0046298; P:2,4-dichlorobenzoate catabolic process.
//
ID beta-glucoside metabolism.
AC UPA00237
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of beta-glucoside compounds, glycosides in which the sugar
DE moiety is a glucose residue, and the anomeric carbon of the bond is in
DE a beta configuration.
HI UPA00411; carbohydrate metabolism.
//
ID sucrose metabolism.
AC UPA00238
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of sucrose (or saccharose, or
DE 1-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-2-beta-D-fructofuranoside) is a is a
DE disaccharide (glucose + fructose). In most plants, sucrose is the main
DE product of photosynthesis that is exported from the leaves to fuel
DE growth and synthesis of storage reserves, such as starch and oil, and
DE sucrose itself is often accumulated by plant cells to protect against
DE the effects of dehydration under drought, salinity, or cold stress.
DE Apart from plants, some species of cyanobacteria also synthesize
DE sucrose, often in response to osmotic stress.
SY 1-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-2-beta-D-fructofuranoside metabolism;
SY saccharose metabolism.
HI UPA00484; glycan biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0005985; P:sucrose metabolic process.
//
ID quinoline degradation.
AC UPA00239
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of quinoline, a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound,
DE also known as 1-azanaphthalene, 1-benzazine, or benzo[b]pyridine.
DE Quinoline is an intermediate in metallurgical processes and in dye,
DE polymer, and agrochemical production. It is also a preservative,
DE disinfectant, and solvent.
SY 1-azanaphthalene degradation; benzo[b]pyridine degradation;
SY 1-benzazine degradation.
HI UPA00105; xenobiotic degradation.
//
ID erythromycin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00240
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of erythromycin (also known as eryth ethylsuc), a
DE macrolide antibiotic which has an antimicrobial spectrum similar to or
DE slightly wider than that of penicillin.
SY eryth ethylsuc biosynthesis.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
//
ID coenzyme A biosynthesis.
AC UPA00241
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of coenzyme A (CoA), notable for its role in the
DE synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate
DE in the citric acid cycle. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step
DE process from pantothenate.
SY CoA biosynthesis.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0015937; P:coenzyme A biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00770; Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bd150>.
//
ID hexose metabolism.
AC UPA00242
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon
DE atoms in the molecule.
HI UPA00411; carbohydrate metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0019318; P:hexose metabolic process.
//
ID pyridoxine 5'-phosphate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00244
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of pyridoxine 5'-phosphate, one of the de novo
DE biosynthesis pathway. In E. coli, this pathway requires PLP as
DE cofactor in its own synthesis.
SY de novo vitamin B6 biosynthesis (PdxA/PdxJ pathway); PNP biosynthesis;
SY de novo vitamin B6 biosynthesis (glutamate pathway).
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00750; Vitamin B6 metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID pyridoxal 5'-phosphate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00245
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. This pathway corresponds to
DE one of the de novo biosynthesis pathway. The biosynthesis of PLP is
DE performed by a complex reaction: in addition to ammonia transfer
DE PdxS/PdxT catalyzes condensation of two phosphosugars, closure of the
DE pyridine ring, as well as isomerase reactions for its phosphosugar
DE substrates. The complexity of the enzyme correlates well with the
DE strong conservation of the PdxS sequence. Contrary to the alternative
DE PLP biosynthesis pathway (glutamate pathway), this pathway does not
DE require PLP as cofactor in its own synthesis.
SY de novo vitamin B6 biosynthesis (glutamine pathway); de novo vitamin
SY B6 biosynthesis (PdxS/PdxT pathway); de novo vitaminB6 biosynthesis
SY (PDX1/PDX2 pathway); PLP biosynthesis.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0042823; P:pyridoxal phosphate biosynthetic process.
//
ID pentose and glucuronate interconversion.
AC UPA00246
CL Pathway.
DE Pentose and glucuronate interconversion pathway.
HI UPA00411; carbohydrate metabolism.
//
ID 4-aminobutanoate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00247
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of 4-aminobutanoate (GABA).
SY 4-aminobutyrate biosynthesis; gamma-aminobutyrate biosynthesis; GABA
SY biosynthesis.
HI UPA00289; amine and polyamine biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0009449; P:gamma-aminobutyric acid biosynthetic process.
//
ID spermidine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00248
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of spermidine by the addition of a propylamine moiety to
DE putrescine.
SY N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-butane-diamine biosynthesis.
HI UPA00289; amine and polyamine biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0008295; P:spermidine biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00270; Cysteine and methionine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00330; Arginine and proline metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00480; Glutathione metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994ba0d0>.
//
ID spermine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00249
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of spermine by the addition of a propylamine moiety to
DE spermidine.
SY N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-butanediamine biosynthesis.
HI UPA00289; amine and polyamine biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 15459188.
DR GO; GO:0006597; P:spermine biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00270; Cysteine and methionine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00330; Arginine and proline metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00410; beta-Alanine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00480; Glutathione metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994ba2d0>.
//
ID spermidine degradation.
AC UPA00250
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of permidine polyamine.
SY N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-butane-diamine degradation.
HI UPA00456; amine and polyamine degradation.
DR PubMed; 16849793.
DR GO; GO:0046203; P:spermidine catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00330; Arginine and proline metabolism.
//
ID protoporphyrin-IX biosynthesis.
AC UPA00251
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of protoporphyrin-IX, a porphyrin derivative precursor of
DE heme and chlorphyll compounds.
HI UPA00677; porphyrin metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006782; P:protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00260; Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00860; Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID protoheme biosynthesis.
AC UPA00252
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of proteoheme (heme B) from protoporphyrin IX.
SY heme B biosynthesis; protoheme IX biosynthesis; haem B biosynthesis.
HI UPA00677; porphyrin metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00860; Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID NAD(+) biosynthesis.
AC UPA00253
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), a coenzyme
DE found in all living cells. NAD+ is a dinucleotide, since it consists
DE of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups: with one
DE nucleotide containing an adenosine ring, and the other containing
DE nicotinamide.
SY nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 14592712.
DR PubMed; 12496312.
DR PubMed; 16698895.
DR GO; GO:0009435; P:NAD biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00380; Tryptophan metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00760; Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00910; Nitrogen metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID L-arginine degradation via ADI pathway.
AC UPA00254
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of L-arginine via ADI (arginine deiminase) pathway. In
DE this pathway, L-arginine is converted into ornithine and carbamoyl-
DE phosphate. Carbamoyl-phosphate is further converted into ammonia and
DE CO2 with the concomitant production of ATP. This last part is
DE described as an independant pathway.
SY arginine deiminase (ADI) pathway.
HI UPA00427; amino-acid degradation.
DR PubMed; 15006749.
DR PubMed; 16385025.
DR PubMed; 12399499.
DR PubMed; 12406748.
DR GO; GO:0019547; P:arginine catabolic process to ornithine.
DR KEGG; map00330; Arginine and proline metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID stachydrine degradation.
AC UPA00255
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of stachydrine, the betaine derivative of proline.
SY N-methylproline methylbetaine degradation.
HI UPA00456; amine and polyamine degradation.
DR PubMed; 9758825.
DR GO; GO:0019504; P:stachydrine catabolic process.
//
ID triacylglycerol degradation.
AC UPA00256
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of triacylglycerol (triacylglyceride, triglyceride, TAG).
DE Triacylglycerol is a glyceride in which the glycerol is esterified
DE with three fatty acids. It is the main constituent of vegetable oil
DE and animal fats.
SY triglyceride degradation; TAG degradation; triglyceride lipolysis;
SY triacylglyceride degradation.
HI UPA00230; glycerolipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0019433; P:triglyceride catabolic process.
//
ID (R)-mevalonate degradation.
AC UPA00257
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of mevalonic acid, a key metabolic intermediate.
SY mevalonate degradation.
HI UPA00496; metabolic intermediate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00900; Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID urea degradation.
AC UPA00258
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of urea.
HI UPA00045; nitrogen metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0043419; P:urea catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00230; Purine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00330; Arginine and proline metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00791; Atrazine degradation.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID geranyl diphosphate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00259
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of geranyl-PP (geranyl diphosphate).
SY geranyl pyrophosphate biosynthesis; geranyl-PP biosynthesis.
HI UPA00416; isoprenoid biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0033384; P:geranyl diphosphate biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00900; Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID farnesyl diphosphate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00260
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of farnesyl-PP (farnesyl diphosphate).
SY trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate biosynthesis; farnesyl pyrophosphate
SY biosynthesis.
HI UPA00416; isoprenoid biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0045337; P:farnesyl diphosphate biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00900; Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID L-proline degradation into L-glutamate.
AC UPA00261
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of L-proline into L-glutamic acid throught two-step
DE oxidation of proline. Enteric bacteria possess a multifunctional
DE flavoprotein, called proline utilization A (PutA), that acts as both a
DE membrane-associated proline catabolic enzyme and a transcriptional
DE repressor of proline utilization (put) genes. .
HI UPA00427; amino-acid degradation.
DR PubMed; 12514740.
DR PubMed; 17001030.
DR GO; GO:0010133; P:proline catabolic process to glutamate.
DR KEGG; map00250; Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00330; Arginine and proline metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID siroheme biosynthesis.
AC UPA00262
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of siroheme, the cofactor for sulfite and nitrite
DE reductases. Siroheme is formed by methylation, oxidation, and iron
DE insertion into the tetrapyrrole uroporphyrinogen III (Uro-III).
SY sirohaem biosynthesis.
HI UPA00677; porphyrin metabolism.
DR PubMed; 11114933.
DR PubMed; 14595395.
DR PubMed; 12408752.
DR GO; GO:0019354; P:siroheme biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00860; Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID L-ascorbate degradation.
AC UPA00263
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C). The three gene ulaABC
DE (formerly known as sgaTBA) encode the three components of the
DE L-ascorbate phosphotransferase transport system (UlaABC). They are
DE involved in the uptake and phosphorylation of L-ascorbate
DE [PMID:12644495. Intracellular L-ascorbate-6-P is then transformed by
DE L-ascorbate-6-P lactonase into 3-keto-L-gulonate-6-P. It has been
DE proposed that this compound is decarboxylated by UlaD to
DE L-xylulose-5-P, which is then converted to D-xylulose-5-P by the
DE sequential actions of UlaE (encoding 3-epimerase activity) and UlaF
DE (encoding 4-epimerase activity).
SY L-ascorbic acid degradation; vitamin C degradation.
HI UPA00483; cofactor degradation.
DR PubMed; 12644495.
DR PubMed; 14996803.
DR GO; GO:0019854; P:L-ascorbic acid catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00040; Pentose and glucuronate interconversions.
DR KEGG; map00053; Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID 1,2-dichloroethane degradation.
AC UPA00265
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA). The greatest use of
DE 1,2-dichloroethane is in making chemicals involved in plastics, rubber
DE and synthetic textile fibers. Other uses include: as a solvent for
DE resins and fats, photography, photocopying, cosmetics, drugs; and as a
DE fumigant for grains and orchards. It is possibly carcinogenic to
DE humans (Group 2B).
SY 1,2-DCA degradation.
HI UPA00105; xenobiotic degradation.
DR GO; GO:0019260; P:1,2-dichloroethane catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00361; Chlorocyclohexane and chlorobenzene degradation.
DR KEGG; map00625; Chloroalkane and chloroalkene degradation.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994ba150>.
//
ID iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis.
AC UPA00266
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of iron-sulfur [Fe-S] cluster. Iron-sulfur [Fe-S]
DE clusters are ubiquitous and evolutionary ancient prosthetic groups
DE that are required to sustain fundamental life processes. Owing to
DE their remarkable structural plasticity and versatile
DE chemical/electronic features [Fe-S] clusters participate in electron
DE transfer, substrate binding/activation, iron/sulfur storage,
DE regulation of gene expression, and enzyme activity. Formation of
DE intracellular [Fe-S] clusters does not occur spontaneously but
DE requires a complex biosynthetic machinery. Three different types of
DE [Fe-S] cluster biosynthetic systems have been discovered, and all of
DE them are mechanistically unified by the requirement for a cysteine
DE desulfurase and the participation of an [Fe-S] cluster scaffolding
DE protein. [PMID:15952888].
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 15952888.
//
ID trichothecene biosynthesis.
AC UPA00267
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of trichothecenes, a group of sesquiterpenes produced by
DE various Fusarium species like F. graminearum, F. sporotrichioides, F.
DE poae or F. equiseti.
HI UPA00449; sesquiterpene biosynthesis.
//
ID bluish-green pigment biosynthesis.
AC UPA00268
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of bluish-green pigment. Bluish-green pigment is produced
DE by Aspergillus fumigatus, a filamentous fungus (an important
DE opportunistic pathogen that primarily affects immunocompromised
DE patients). Conidial pigmentation of A. fumigatus significantly
DE influences its virulence in a murine model.
HI UPA00499; pigment biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 9383199.
DR PubMed; 10515939.
//
ID heme A biosynthesis.
AC UPA00269
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of heme A, a prosthetic group in many respiratory
DE oxidases. It is synthesised from heme B (protoheme IX) with heme O as
DE an intermediate. In Bacillus subtilis two genes required for heme A
DE synthesis, ctaA and ctaB, have been identified. CtaB is the heme O
DE synthase and CtaA is involved in the conversion of heme O to heme A.
DE The model described by Brown et al. [PMID:10675592] is that Heme O
DE Synthase (HOS) and Heme A Synthase (HAS) form a complex and that heme
DE O is transferred directly from HOS to HAS. The biochemical reactions
DE are not yet clearly defined.
HI UPA00677; porphyrin metabolism.
DR PubMed; 15491161.
DR PubMed; 10675592.
DR PubMed; 16321940.
DR PubMed; 16156667.
DR GO; GO:0006784; P:heme a biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00860; Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID quinolate metabolism.
AC UPA00270
CL Pathway.
DE metabolism of quinolinate (quinolinic acid), a potent endogenous
DE excitotoxin of neuronal cells. Elevation of quinolinate levels in the
DE brain has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various
DE neurodegenerative disorders, the so-called 'quinolinate hypothesis.'
DE Quinolinate is non- enzymatically derived from alpha-amino-beta-
DE carboxymuconate-epsilon- semialdehyde (ACMS). ACMS decarboxylase
DE (ACMSD) is the only known enzyme that can process ACMS to a begnin
DE catabolite and thus prevent the accumulation of quinolinate from ACMS.
DE ACMSD seems to be regulated by nutritional and hormonal signals, but
DE its molecular mechanism has, to date, been largely unknown.
DE [PMID:12140278].
SY quinolinic acid metabolism.
HI UPA00465; secondary metabolite metabolism.
DR PubMed; 12140278.
DR PubMed; 17288562.
DR PubMed; 15206762.
//
ID ommochrome biosynthesis.
AC UPA00271
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of ommochrome (brown eye pigment). Ommochrome (or visual
DE pigment) refers to several biological pigments that occur in the eyes
DE of crustaceans and insects. The eye color is determined by the
DE ommochromes. Ommochromes are also found in the chromatophores of
DE cephalopods, and in spiders. Ommochromes are metabolites of
DE tryptophan, via kynurenine and 3-hydroxykynurenine. They are
DE responsible for a wide variety of colors, ranging from yellow over red
DE and brown to black. Lighter colors tend to be generated by ommatins,
DE while mixtures of ommatin and ommins are responsible for darker
DE colors.
SY brown eye pigment.
HI UPA00499; pigment biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0006727; P:ommochrome biosynthetic process.
//
ID benzene degradation.
AC UPA00272
CL Pathway.
DE Oxidation of benzene to catechol via cis-benzene glycol (cis-1,2
DE -dihydroxy-cyclohexa-3,5-diene, cis-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol). The
DE conversion of benzene to catechol is performed in two steps catalyzed
DE by benzene dioxygenase and cis-benzene glycol dehydrogenase. Benzene
DE dioxygenase, catalyzing the oxidation of benzene to cis-benzene
DE glycol, is a multicomponent enzyme system.
HI UPA00433; aromatic compound metabolism.
DR PubMed; 3667527.
DR PubMed; 8344526.
DR KEGG; map00361; Chlorocyclohexane and chlorobenzene degradation.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID toluene degradation.
AC UPA00273
CL Pathway.
DE Oxidation of toluene to 3-methylcatechol via toluene-cis dihydrodiol.
SY methylbenzene degradation.
HI UPA00105; xenobiotic degradation.
DR GO; GO:0042203; P:toluene catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00623; Toluene degradation.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID creatinine degradation.
AC UPA00274
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of creatinine (1-methylglycocyamidine). Creatinine is a
DE readily available nitrogen source found in the faeces of different
DE animals, including earthworms and birds. A number of bacteria
DE utilizing this compound as carbon and/or nitrogen source has already
DE been described for example, Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter,
DE Corynebacterium, Flavobacterium, and Pseudomonas species.
SY 1-methylglycocyamidine degradation.
HI UPA00456; amine and polyamine degradation.
DR PubMed; 10893433.
DR PubMed; 15148566.
DR PubMed; 1381445.
DR GO; GO:0006602; P:creatinine catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00330; Arginine and proline metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID riboflavin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00275
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of riboflavin (vitamin B2), the universal precursor of
DE flavocoenzymes. It is biosynthesized by plants and many microorganisms
DE but must be obtained from dietary sources by animals.
SY vitamin B2 biosynthesis; vitamin G biosynthesis; E101 biosynthesis.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 16010344.
DR PubMed; 16607521.
DR PubMed; 11153262.
DR PubMed; 16923880.
DR GO; GO:0009231; P:riboflavin biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00740; Riboflavin metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID FMN biosynthesis.
AC UPA00276
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of FMN (riboflavin-5-phosphate) cofactor.
SY riboflavin-5-phosphate biosynthesis; flavin mononucleotide
SY biosynthesis.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0009398; P:FMN biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00740; Riboflavin metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bd110>.
//
ID FAD biosynthesis.
AC UPA00277
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide).
SY flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0006747; P:FAD biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00740; Riboflavin metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID betalain biosynthesis.
AC UPA00278
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of batalains, a class of red and yellow indole-derived
DE pigments found in plants.
HI UPA00499; pigment biosynthesis.
//
ID bile acid degradation.
AC UPA00279
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids
DE occurring in bile [GO].
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0030573; P:bile acid catabolic process.
//
ID N-glycan degradation.
AC UPA00280
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of asparagine (N)-linked oligosaccharides (N-glycans).
SY N-linked oligosaccharide degradation.
HI UPA00441; glycan metabolism.
//
ID LPS O-antigen biosynthesis.
AC UPA00281
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of O-antigen, the polysaccharide side chain of
DE lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecules. The composition of the O side
DE chain varies between different gram-negative bacterial strains. O side
DE chains are easily recognized by the antibodies of the host, however,
DE the nature of the chain can easily be modified by Gram-negative
DE bacteria to avoid detection.
SY lipopolysaccharide O-antigen biosynthesis.
HI UPA00324; bacterial outer membrane biogenesis.
DR GO; GO:0009243; P:O antigen biosynthetic process.
//
ID triacylglycerol biosynthesis.
AC UPA00282
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (triacylglyceride, triglyceride, TAG).
DE Triacylglycerol is glyceride in which the glycerol is esterified with
DE three fatty acids. It is the main constituent of vegetable oil and
DE animal fats.
SY TAG biosyntheis; triglyceride biosynthesis; triacylglyceride
SY biosynthesis.
HI UPA00230; glycerolipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0019432; P:triglyceride biosynthetic process.
//
ID germacradienol biosynthesis.
AC UPA00283
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of the sesquiterponoid germacradienol
DE ((1E,4S,5E,7R)-germacra-1(10),5-dien-11-ol). .
SY (1E,4S,5E,7R)-germacra-1(10),5-dien-11-ol biosynthesis.
HI UPA00449; sesquiterpene biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00909; Sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID LOS oligosaccharide biosynthesis.
AC UPA00284
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of the oligosaccharide component of lipooligosaccharide
DE (LOS).
HI UPA00324; bacterial outer membrane biogenesis.
//
ID germacrene D biosynthesis.
AC UPA00285
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of the sesquiterponoid germacrene D.
HI UPA00449; sesquiterpene biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00909; Sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis.
//
ID alginate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00286
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of alginate, an hydrophilic exopolysaccharide produced by
DE brown seaweeds an some bacteria. There is a strong correlation of
DE alginate production with patients suffering from the disease cystic
DE fibrosis caused by some pathogen bacteria (Pseudomonas, Azopbacter).
DE Chemically, alginate is a linear copolymer with homopolymeric blocks
DE of (1-4)-linked beta-D-mannuronate (M) and its C-5 epimer
DE alpha-L-guluronate (G) residues, respectively, covalently linked
DE together in different sequences.
SY alginic acid biosynthesis.
HI UPA00484; glycan biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0042121; P:alginic acid biosynthetic process.
//
ID aflatoxin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00287
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of aflatoxin, a family of acutely toxic, teratogenic,
DE potent carcinogenic, and mutagenic metabolites produced by certain
DE strains of common molds Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. .
HI UPA00478; mycotoxin biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 15006741.
DR PubMed; 15022028.
DR PubMed; 19537208.
DR PubMed; 16349476.
DR GO; GO:0045122; P:aflatoxin biosynthetic process.
//
ID glycine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00288
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of glycine amino-acid.
HI UPA00402; amino-acid biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0006545; P:glycine biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00250; Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00260; Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00460; Cyanoamino acid metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00670; One carbon pool by folate.
DR KEGG; map00680; Methane metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bd250>.
//
ID choline biosynthesis.
AC UPA00290
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of choline.
SY bilineurine biosynthesis.
HI UPA00289; amine and polyamine biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0042425; P:choline biosynthetic process.
//
ID betaine degradation.
AC UPA00291
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of betaine (trimethylaminoacetate,
DE N,N,N-trimethylglycine).
SY N,N,N-trimethylglycine degradation; glycine betaine degradation;
SY trimethylaminoacetate degradation.
HI UPA00456; amine and polyamine degradation.
DR GO; GO:0006579; P:betaine catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00260; Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00270; Cysteine and methionine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID sarcosine degradation.
AC UPA00292
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of sarcosine.
SY N-methylglycine degradation.
HI UPA00456; amine and polyamine degradation.
DR KEGG; map00260; Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID D-ribose 5-phosphate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00293
CL Pathway.
DE Ribose-5-phosphate is generally assumed to arise via the oxidative and
DE nonoxidative pentose phosphate pathways. In some archaea, ribulose
DE monophosphate (RuMP) pathway may be functioning as an alternate route
DE to ribose-5-phosphate. Grochowski et al [PMID: 16237021] showed
DE experimentally that that in M. jannaschii, ribose-5-phosphate is
DE produced exclusively via the RuMP pathway and that these cells do not
DE appear to operate a pentose phosphate pathway.
HI UPA00412; carbohydrate biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 10648518.
DR PubMed; 16237021.
//
ID formaldehyde assimilation via RuMP pathway.
AC UPA00294
CL Pathway.
DE Formaldehyde is the key intermediate in C1 metabolism and can be
DE assimilated via the ribulose monophosphate (RuMP) pathway. The
DE ribulose monophosphate (RuMP) pathway, involving
DE 3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase (HPS) and 6-phospho-3-hexuloisomerase
DE (PHI), is now recognized as a widespread prokaryotic pathway for
DE formaldehyde fixation and detoxification. The RuMP pathways consists
DE of three main parts: i) fixation, ii) cleavage and iii) rearrangement.
DE i) Fixation stage: formaldehyde and ribulose-5-phosphate (RuMP) are
DE condensed to form hexulose-6-phosphate (HuMP), which in turn is
DE converted to fructose-6-phosphate (FMP) by hexulosephosphate isomerase
DE (HPI). By the assimilation of three formaldehyde molecules, three
DE molecules of FMP are created. .
SY formaldehyde assimilation via ribulose monophosphate cycle; RuMP
SY cycle; ribulose monophosphate pathway.
HI UPA00445; one-carbon metabolism.
DR PubMed; 16788179.
DR GO; GO:0019647; P:formaldehyde assimilation via ribulose monophosphate
DR cycle.
DR KEGG; map00040; Pentose and glucuronate interconversions.
DR KEGG; map00680; Methane metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID cholesterol metabolism.
AC UPA00296
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of cholesterol.
HI UPA00504; steroid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0008203; P:cholesterol metabolic process.
//
ID dicyanocobinamide salvage pathway.
AC UPA00297
CL Pathway.
DE Regarding Woodson ate al [PMID:14990804] prokaryotes have evolved at
DE least two distinct pathways for salvaging the precursor cobinamide
DE (Cbi) from the environment. Both pathways accomplish the same goal,
DE which is to convert AdoCbi (adenosylcobinamide) to AdoCbi-P, a true
DE intermediate of the de novo biosynthetic pathway. .
SY cobinamide salvage pathway; Cbi salvage pathway.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 14990804.
//
ID trehalose biosynthesis.
AC UPA00299
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of trehalose, also known as mycose, a disaccharide found
DE extensively but not abundantly in nature. It can be synthesised by
DE fungi, plants and invertebrate animals. It is implicated in
DE anhydrobiosis - the ability of plants and animals to withstand
DE prolonged periods of desiccation.
HI UPA00484; glycan biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0005992; P:trehalose biosynthetic process.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7e90>.
//
ID trehalose degradation.
AC UPA00300
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of trehalose, also known as mycose, a disaccharide found
DE extensively but not abundantly in nature. Trehalose is metabolized by
DE a number of bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans, the common oral
DE bacteria responsible for oral plaque. The enzyme trehalase, a
DE glycoside hydrolase, present but not abundant in most people, breaks
DE trehalose into two glucose molecules, which can then be readily
DE absorbed in the gut.
HI UPA00442; glycan degradation.
DR GO; GO:0005993; P:trehalose catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00500; Starch and sucrose metabolism.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7b90>.
//
ID LPS oligosaccharide biosynthesis.
AC UPA00301
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of inner core oligosaccharide, a component of
DE lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecules. Core oligosaccharide contains
DE unusual sugars (e.g. KDO, keto-deoxyoctulonate and heptulose). It
DE contains two glucosamine sugar derivatives each containing three fatty
DE acids with phosphate or pyrophosphate attached. The core
DE polysaccharide is attached to lipid A, which is also in part
DE responsible for the toxicity of gram-negative bacteria.
SY LPS inner core oligosaccharide biosynthesis.
HI UPA00030; lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 11371519.
//
ID atropine degradation.
AC UPA00303
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of atropine, a tropan alkaloid.
SY DL-hyoscyamine degradation.
HI UPA00447; alkaloid degradation.
DR PubMed; 16736160.
//
ID (S)-reticuline biosynthesis.
AC UPA00306
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of (S)-reticuline, an important intermediate in
DE synthesizing isoquinoline alkaloids. Reticuline is an important
DE intermediate in the production of analgesic morphinan alkaloids (e.g.
DE morphine), antimicrobial berberine alkaloids (e.g. berberine), and
DE antimicrobial benzophenanthridine alkaloids (e.g. sanguinarine).
HI UPA00446; alkaloid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 10811648.
DR KEGG; map00950; Isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID palmatine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00307
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of palmatine, an isoquinoline alkaloid.
HI UPA00446; alkaloid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 12423366.
DR KEGG; map00950; Isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis.
//
ID berbamunine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00308
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of berbamunine, an isoquinoline alkaloid.
HI UPA00446; alkaloid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 12423366.
DR KEGG; map00950; Isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis.
//
ID violacein biosynthesis.
AC UPA00309
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of violacein, a deep violet pigment produced by
DE Chromobacterium violaceum. The low solubility of violacein in water
DE and the high molar extinction coefficient in methanol lead Antonio and
DE Creczynski-Pasa [PMID:15100990] to suppose that it is involved in
DE protection against visible radiation, since C.violaceum bacterium is
DE widely found in the water and soil of tropical and subtropical areas
DE of the world. .
HI UPA00499; pigment biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 17396254.
DR PubMed; 16874749.
DR PubMed; 15100990.
//
ID ajmaline biosynthesis.
AC UPA00310
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of ajmaline, an antiarrhythmic monoterpenoid indole
DE alkaloid. The ajmaline biosynthetic pathway expressed in the medicinal
DE plant Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz. The pathway originates
DE from rather simple precursors such as tryptamine on one side, and the
DE monoterpenoid glucoside secologanin on the other side.
HI UPA00446; alkaloid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 16874388.
DR PubMed; 12071952.
DR PubMed; 11937349.
//
ID 3alpha(S)-strictosidine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00311
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of 3-alpha-(S)-strictosidine, an important intermediate
DE in synthesizing indole alkaloids. Strictosidine is is a common
DE biosynthetic precursor for more than two thousand terpene indole
DE alkaloids (e.g production of clinically useful antitumor alkaloids
DE vinblastine and vincristine).
HI UPA00446; alkaloid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 7763429.
DR PubMed; 17113995.
DR KEGG; map00901; Indole alkaloid biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID nucleotide salvage pathway.
AC UPA00312
CL Pathway.
DE Any process which produces a nucleotide, a compound consisting of a
DE nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an
DE oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety, from
DE derivatives of it without de novo synthesis. [GO].
HI UPA00486; nucleotide metabolism.
DR PubMed; 8805514.
DR GO; GO:0043173; P:nucleotide salvage.
//
ID pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism.
AC UPA00313
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of pyrimidine nucleotides.
HI UPA00486; nucleotide metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006220; P:pyrimidine nucleotide metabolic process.
//
ID L-homocysteine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00314
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of homocysteine, the precursor of L-methionine, from
DE S-adenosylhomocysteine. This reaction occurs during the activated
DE methyl cycle.
HI UPA00402; amino-acid biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00270; Cysteine and methionine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID S-adenosyl-L-methionine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00315
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM, AdoMet). Conversion of
DE L-methionine and ATP into S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet, SAM), which
DE is required for methyltransferase reactions in the cell as well as for
DE polyamine biosynthesis. This reaction occurs during the activated
DE methyl cycle.
SY AdoMet biosynthesis; SAM biosynthesis.
HI UPA00402; amino-acid biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0006556; P:S-adenosylmethionine biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00270; Cysteine and methionine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bd110>.
//
ID morphine degradation.
AC UPA00317
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of morphine, an isoquinolin alkaloid.
HI UPA00447; alkaloid degradation.
DR PubMed; 2012614.
//
ID codeine degradation.
AC UPA00318
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of codeine, an isoquinolin alkaloid.
HI UPA00447; alkaloid degradation.
DR PubMed; 2012614.
//
ID (S)-scoulerine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00319
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of scoulerine, an isoquinoline alkaloid. Scoulerine is is
DE a precursor of protopine, protoberberine and benzophenanthridine
DE alkaloid biosynthesis in plants. Some studies shown that scoulerine is
DE an antagonist at the alpha-2-adrenoceptor, alpha-1D-adrenoceptor and
DE 5-HT receptor [PMID:7902181] [PMID:7952879]. It has also been found to
DE be a GABA-A receptor agonist [PMID:14577695] [PMID:12709895].
SY aequaline biosynthesis; discretamine biosynthesis.
HI UPA00446; alkaloid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 12709895.
DR PubMed; 14577695.
DR PubMed; 7902181.
DR PubMed; 7952879.
DR PubMed; 1946465.
DR KEGG; map00950; Isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID C3 acid pathway.
AC UPA00321
CL Pathway.
DE C3 acid pathway is one of the three carbon fixation pathway.
HI UPA00091; photosynthesis.
//
ID C4 acid pathway.
AC UPA00322
CL Pathway.
DE C4 acid pathway is one of the three carbon fixation pathway.
HI UPA00091; photosynthesis.
//
ID CAM pathway.
AC UPA00323
CL Pathway.
DE Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) pathway is one of the three carbon
DE fixation pathway.
SY Crassulacean Acid Metabolism.
HI UPA00091; photosynthesis.
//
ID DNA replication.
AC UPA00326
CL Pathway.
DE The process whereby new strands of DNA are synthesized. The template
DE for replication can either be an existing DNA molecule or RNA. [GO].
HI UPA00485; genetic information processing.
DR GO; GO:0006260; P:DNA replication.
//
ID ergot alkaloid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00327
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of ergot alkaloids.
HI UPA00446; alkaloid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 15870460.
//
ID secologanin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00328
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of secologanin, the precursor of the monoterpenoid indole
DE alkaloids and ipecac alkaloids.
HI UPA00446; alkaloid biosynthesis.
//
ID pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00329
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. ipecac alkaloids.
HI UPA00446; alkaloid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 10611289.
//
ID tropane alkaloid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00330
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of tropane alkaloids.
HI UPA00446; alkaloid biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0009710; P:tropane alkaloid biosynthetic process.
//
ID S-adenosylmethioninamine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00331
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of S-adenosylmethioninamine, a precursor of spermine and
DE spermidine polyamines, from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet, SAM).
SY S-adenosyl-L-methioninamine biosynthesis.
HI UPA00289; amine and polyamine biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0006557; P:S-adenosylmethioninamine biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00270; Cysteine and methionine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00330; Arginine and proline metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7e10>.
//
ID L-tryptophan degradation via pyruvate pathway.
AC UPA00332
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of amino-acid L-tryptophan into pyruvate and indole. Among
DE the multiple products of tryptophan catabolism, indole is suspected to
DE be responsible for the cell-cycle arrest and to add a role in
DE stationary-phase signalling [PMID:17163965].
SY 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid degradation; (S)-alpha-amino-
SY beta-(3-indolyl)-propionic acid degradation.
HI UPA00427; amino-acid degradation.
DR PubMed; 11479034.
DR PubMed; 17163965.
DR KEGG; map00380; Tryptophan metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00910; Nitrogen metabolism.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994ba4d0>.
//
ID L-tryptophan degradation via kynurenine pathway.
AC UPA00333
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of amino-acid L-tryptophan into L-kynurenine.
HI UPA00427; amino-acid degradation.
DR PubMed; 18282734.
DR GO; GO:0019441; P:tryptophan catabolic process to kynurenine.
DR KEGG; map00380; Tryptophan metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00630; Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994ba4d0>.
//
ID L-kynurenine degradation.
AC UPA00334
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of L-kynurenine, a metabolite of L-tryptophan amino-acid.
SY 3-anthraniloyl-L-alanine degradation.
HI UPA00427; amino-acid degradation.
DR KEGG; map00380; Tryptophan metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID [NiFe] hydrogenase maturation.
AC UPA00335
CL Pathway.
DE Maturation of [NiFe] hydrogenase, one of the three hydrogenase class
DE with an active site based on nickel and iron.
HI UPA00460; protein modification.
DR PubMed; 18065529.
DR PubMed; 17216401.
//
ID taurine degradation via aerobic pathway.
AC UPA00336
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), an organic acid
DE that is abundant in the tissues of many animals (metazoa). Taurine is
DE also found in plants, fungi, and some bacterial species, but at lower
DE levels. Taurine is a derivative of the sulphur-containing (sulfhydryl)
DE amino-acid, cysteine.
SY 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid degradation via aerobic pathway.
HI UPA00522; organosulfur degradation.
DR KEGG; map00430; Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID hopanoid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00337
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of hopanoids, pentacyclic compounds similar to sterols,
DE whose primary function is to improve plasma membrane fluidity in
DE prokaryotes.
HI UPA00464; secondary metabolite biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0019746; P:hopanoid biosynthetic process.
//
ID alkanesulfonate degradation.
AC UPA00338
CL Pathway.
DE In the absence of sulfate, a number of yeasts can use alkanesulfonates
DE (aliphatic sulfonates), such as taurine, cysteate, and isethionate, as
DE alternative sulfur sources. Sulfonate utilization by Saccharomyces
DE cerevisiae occurs only under aerobic conditions, is independent of
DE sulfate-utilizing enzymes, and requires sulfite reductase, consistent
DE with the formation of sulfite prior to assimilation. .
SY aliphatic sulfonate degradation.
HI UPA00522; organosulfur degradation.
DR PubMed; 10482536.
DR GO; GO:0046306; P:alkanesulfonate catabolic process.
//
ID mannose metabolism.
AC UPA00339
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of the aldohexose mannose (the C-2 epimer of glucose). The
DE D-(+)-form is widely distributed in mannans and hemicelluloses and is
DE of major importance in the core oligosaccharide of N-linked
DE oligosaccharides of glycoproteins. [GO].
HI UPA00411; carbohydrate metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006013; P:mannose metabolic process.
//
ID acetyl-CoA biosynthesis.
AC UPA00340
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of acetyl-CoA, an important molecule in metabolism, used
DE in many biochemical reactions.
HI UPA00415; metabolic intermediate biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0006085; P:acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00410; beta-Alanine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00430; Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00620; Pyruvate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00640; Propanoate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00680; Methane metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00720; Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID hyaluronan biosynthesis.
AC UPA00341
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of hyaluronan, a non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan.
DE Hyaluronan is synthesized by a class of integral membrane proteins
DE called hyaluronan synthases. Vertebrates have three types: HAS1, HAS2,
DE and HAS3. These enzymes lengthen hyaluronan by repeatedly adding
DE glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine to the nascent polysaccharide.
SY hyaluronic acid biosynthesis; hyaluronate biosynthesis.
HI UPA00484; glycan biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0030213; P:hyaluronan biosynthetic process.
//
ID N-acetylmuramate degradation.
AC UPA00342
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of N-acetylmuramic acid, an amino-sugar.
SY MurNAc degradation.
HI UPA00216; amino-sugar metabolism.
//
ID 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramate degradation.
AC UPA00343
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of anhydro-N-acetylmuramate, an amino-sugar.
SY anhMurNAc degradation.
HI UPA00216; amino-sugar metabolism.
//
ID molybdopterin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00344
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of molybdopterin, an essential cofactor for the catalytic
DE activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine
DE dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a
DE mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion
DE (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
DE [GO:0032324].
SY Mo-pterin biosynthesis.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
//
ID polypeptide chain elongation.
AC UPA00345
CL Pathway.
DE Elongation stage in protein biosynthesis.
SY protein elongation.
HI UPA00458; protein biosynthesis.
//
ID dibenzothiophene degradation.
AC UPA00346
CL Pathway.
DE Desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) into 2-hydroxybiphenyl
DE (2-HBP). .
SY 2-hydroxybiphenyl biosynthesis; DBT desulfurization; 2-HBP
SY biosynthesis.
HI UPA00096; sulfur metabolism.
DR PubMed; 7574582.
DR GO; GO:0018896; P:dibenzothiophene catabolic process.
//
ID 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanoate degradation.
AC UPA00348
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanoate (dichlorprop, 2,4-DP),
DE a chlorinated phenoxy herbicid.
SY dichlorprop degradation; 2,4-DP degradation.
HI UPA00105; xenobiotic degradation.
DR PubMed; 12501996.
//
ID chitin degradation.
AC UPA00349
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of chitin, a glycan composed of beta-1,4-linked
DE N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, into N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
SY Dichlorprop degradation; 2,4-DP degradation.
HI UPA00442; glycan degradation.
DR GO; GO:0006032; P:chitin catabolic process.
//
ID beta-D-glucan degradation.
AC UPA00350
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of beta-D-glucan.
HI UPA00441; glycan metabolism.
//
ID L-glutamate degradation.
AC UPA00351
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of L-glutamate amino-acid.
HI UPA00427; amino-acid degradation.
DR PubMed; 4813895.
DR PubMed; 11759672.
DR GO; GO:0006538; P:glutamate catabolic process.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994ba3d0>.
//
ID carbohydrate sulfation.
AC UPA00353
CL Pathway.
DE Sulfation is a critical modification in many instances of biological
DE recognition.
HI UPA00460; protein modification.
//
ID eIF5A hypusination.
AC UPA00354
CL Pathway.
DE Post-translational modification of archaea and eukaryotic translation
DE initiation factor 5A (eIF5A), by covalent binding of hypusine to a
DE lysine residue. Hypusine (N epsilon-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)lysine) is
DE a polyamine-derived amino-acid. The biosynthesis of hypusine occurs
DE posttranslationally by modification of a single lysine residue.
DE Translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A), highly conserved throughout
DE eukaryotes and some archaea, is the only known cellular protein to
DE contain the unique polyamine-derived amino-acid hypusine. The name
DE hypusine reflects the composition of this amino-acid, a combination of
DE hydroxyputrescine and lysine. The unique feature of the hypusine
DE modification is the strict specificity of the enzymes toward its
DE substrate protein, eIF5A. Hypusine is formed in a novel
DE posttranslational modification that involves two enzymes,
DE deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH).
DE [PMID:16452303; PMID:17476569].
HI UPA00460; protein modification.
DR PubMed; 17476569.
DR PubMed; 17213197.
DR PubMed; 16452303.
//
ID coenzyme M biosynthesis.
AC UPA00355
CL Pathway.
DE De novo biosynthesis of coenzyme M (2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid, HS-
DE CoM). Warning, this pathway is not fully defined, the last part of the
DE pathway is still missing.
SY HS-CoM biosynthesis; 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate biosynthesis; de novo
SY coenzyme M biosynthesis.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0019295; P:coenzyme M biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00680; Methane metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis.
AC UPA00356
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose
DE (ADP-L-beta-D-heptose), a nucleotide-sugar precursor of the inner core
DE lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose
DE 7-phosphate.
SY ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis; ADP-L-beta-D-heptose
SY biosynthesis.
HI UPA00304; nucleotide-sugar biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 12101286.
DR PubMed; 11751812.
DR PubMed; 16030223.
DR KEGG; map00540; Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00357
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate (KDO, keto-
DE deoxyoctulonate). In general, KDO residues are normally found in the
DE lipopolysaccharide inner core of gram-negative bacteria, but in K.
DE pneumoniae, this KDO residue provides the ligation site for O
DE polysaccharide. The conserved Klebsiella outer core contains the
DE unusual trisaccharide 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid
DE (Kdo)-(2,6)-GlcN-(1,4)-GalUA. lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
SY KDO biosynthesis; keto-deoxyoctulonate biosynthesis.
HI UPA00412; carbohydrate biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 16159798.
DR KEGG; map00540; Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00358
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate (CMP-KDO, CMP-keto-
DE deoxyoctulonate), a nucleotide-sugar precursor of the inner core
DE lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
SY CMP-keto-deoxyoctulonate biosynthesis; CMP-KDO biosynthesis.
HI UPA00304; nucleotide-sugar biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00540; Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID lipid IV(A) biosynthesis.
AC UPA00359
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of lipid IV(A), the endotoxically inactive LPS lipid A
DE precursor. Lipid A is one of the three components of
DE lipopolysaccharide (LPS). It contains unusual fatty acids (e.g.
DE hydroxy-myristic acid) and is inserted into the outer membrane while
DE the rest of the LPS projects from the surface. Lipid A, the potent
DE macrophage-activating component primarily responsible for LPS
DE endotoxin activity, is a phosphorylated glucosamine disaccharide
DE carrying long-chain saturated fatty acid (FA) substituents that anchor
DE LPS in the outer membrane. Lipid A is similar for all Gram-negative
DE Enterobacteriaceae, and synthetic lipid A produces effects identical
DE to that isolated from Escherichia coli in both in vitro and in vivo
DE endotoxin tests.
SY 2,3,2',3'-tetrakis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosaminyl-1,6-beta-D-g
SY lucosamine 1,4'-bis(dihydrogen phosphate) biosynthesis.
HI UPA00506; glycolipid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 17163638.
DR KEGG; map00540; Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID KDO(2)-lipid A biosynthesis.
AC UPA00360
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of KDO(2)-lipid A, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) component.
SY di[3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonyl]-lipid A biosynthesis.
HI UPA00506; glycolipid biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00540; Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID D-allose degradation.
AC UPA00361
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of D-allose, an all-cis hexose utilized by some bacteria
DE (Aerobacter aerogenes, E. coli, etc). D-allose is converted into
DE fructose 6-phosphate.
HI UPA00413; carbohydrate degradation.
DR GO; GO:0019316; P:D-allose catabolic process.
//
ID L-valine degradation.
AC UPA00362
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of L-valine, one of the three main branched chain amino-
DE acids (BCAAs), along with L-leucine and L-isoleucine. In plants,
DE branched-chain amino-acids are synthesized in chloroplasts, whereas
DE the degradation takes place in mitochondria.
HI UPA00427; amino-acid degradation.
DR GO; GO:0006574; P:valine catabolic process.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7c50>.
//
ID L-leucine degradation.
AC UPA00363
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of L-leucine, one of the three main branched chain amino-
DE acids (BCAAs), along with L-valine and L-isoleucine. In plants,
DE branched-chain amino-acids are synthesized in chloroplasts, whereas
DE the degradation takes place in mitochondria.
HI UPA00427; amino-acid degradation.
DR GO; GO:0006552; P:leucine catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00280; Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation.
DR KEGG; map00290; Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00966; Glucosinolate biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bd150>.
//
ID L-isoleucine degradation.
AC UPA00364
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of L-isoleucine, one of the three main branched chain
DE amino-acids (BCAAs), along with L-valine and L-leucine. In plants,
DE branched-chain amino-acids are synthesized in chloroplasts, whereas
DE the degradation takes place in mitochondria.
HI UPA00427; amino-acid degradation.
DR GO; GO:0006550; P:isoleucine catabolic process.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7c10>.
//
ID vindoline biosynthesis.
AC UPA00365
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of vindoline, an indole alkaloid, precursor of
DE vinblastine and vincristine.
HI UPA00446; alkaloid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 15200179.
DR PubMed; 16262708.
DR KEGG; map00901; Indole alkaloid biosynthesis.
//
ID thiocyanate degradation.
AC UPA00366
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of thiocyanate to carbonyl sulfide and ammonia.
HI UPA00522; organosulfur degradation.
DR PubMed; 17222425.
DR GO; GO:0046265; P:thiocyanate catabolic process.
//
ID testosterone biosynthesis.
AC UPA00367
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of testosterone, a steroid hormone from the androgen
DE group. Testosterone is primarily secreted in the testes of males and
DE the ovaries of females although small amounts are secreted by the
DE adrenal glands. .
HI UPA00435; hormone biosynthesis.
//
ID tabtoxinine-beta-lactam biosynthesis.
AC UPA00369
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of tabtoxinine-beta-lactam, an irreversible inhibitor of
DE glutamine synthetase produced by several pathovars of Pseudomonas
DE syringae.
HI UPA00477; phytotoxin biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 2881927.
DR PubMed; 8990304.
DR PubMed; 16495645.
//
ID sulfite reduction.
AC UPA00370
CL Pathway.
DE Sulfite reduction aims at producing hydrogen sulfide from sulfite.
HI UPA00096; sulfur metabolism.
DR PubMed; 1704886.
//
ID sucrose biosynthesis.
AC UPA00371
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of sucrose (saccharose,
DE 1-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-2-beta-D-fructofuranoside), a disaccharide
DE composed of glucose and fructose. In most plants, sucrose is the main
DE product of photosynthesis that is exported from the leaves to fuel
DE growth and synthesis of storage reserves, such as starch and oil, and
DE sucrose itself is often accumulated by plant cells to protect against
DE the effects of dehydration under drought, salinity, or cold stress.
DE Apart from plants, some species of cyanobacteria also synthesize
DE sucrose, often in response to osmotic stress.
SY 1-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-2-beta-D-fructofuranoside biosynthesis;
SY saccharose biosynthesis.
HI UPA00484; glycan biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0005986; P:sucrose biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00500; Starch and sucrose metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID 3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene biosynthesis.
AC UPA00372
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of 3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene (resveratrol), a phytoalexin
DE produced by several plants.
SY resveratrol biosynthesis.
HI UPA00421; phytoalexin biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 16885328.
DR KEGG; map00130; Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00360; Phenylalanine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00940; Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00945; Stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID pinosylvin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00373
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of pinosylvin, a pre-infectious stilbenoid toxin.
DE Pinosylvin is synthesized prior to infection, contrary to phytoalexins
DE which are synthesized during infection. It is present in the heart-
DE wood of Pineceal. It is a fungitoxin protecting the wood from fungal
DE infection.
HI UPA00421; phytoalexin biosynthesis.
//
ID hydropinosylvin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00374
CL Pathway.
DE Dihydropinosylvin biosynthesis.
HI UPA00421; phytoalexin biosynthesis.
//
ID wybutosine-tRNA(Phe) biosynthesis.
AC UPA00375
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of wybutosine (yW), a hyper modified guanosine with a
DE tricyclic base found at the 3'-position adjacent to the anticodon of
DE eukaryotic and archaeal phenylalanine tRNA.
HI UPA00481; tRNA modification.
DR PubMed; 17150819.
DR PubMed; 16642040.
//
ID auxin conjugation.
AC UPA00376
CL Pathway.
DE Conjugation of auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) to many kinds of
DE molecules is part of a regulatory mechanism for controlling IAA levels
DE through sequestration and reuse, or as an entry into catabolism. IAA
DE in plants occurs in both conjugated and free forms, and there is
DE increasing evidence that the ratio of free to conjugated IAA is
DE controlled by tissue-specific and developmentally regulated processes.
DE The use of conjugation by plants to regulate IAA levels appears to
DE have become increasingly more important as plants evolved from
DE liverworts to mosses and tracheophytes.
SY indoleacetic acid conjugation; IAA conjugation; indole-3-acetic acid
SY conjugation; indole-3-acetate conjugation.
HI UPA00437; plant hormone metabolism.
DR PubMed; 17509086.
DR PubMed; 8085154.
DR PubMed; 11830675.
//
ID sterigmatocystin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00377
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of sterigmatocystin (ST), a carcinogenic mycotoxin.
DE Sterigmatocystin is among the most toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic
DE natural products known. This polyketide-derived secondary metabolite
DE is produced by numerous fungi species.
HI UPA00478; mycotoxin biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 15022028.
DR PubMed; 7642507.
DR PubMed; 19537208.
DR PubMed; 8643646.
DR GO; GO:0045461; P:sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process.
//
ID protein glycosylation.
AC UPA00378
CL Pathway.
DE Protein glycosylation (the addition of saccharides to proteins) is one
DE of the principal post-translational modification steps in the
DE synthesis of membrane and secreted proteins. It is an enzyme-directed
DE site-specific process, as opposed to the non-enzymatic chemical
DE reaction of glycation. Two types of glycosylation exist: * N-linked
DE glycosylation to the amide nitrogen of asparagine side chains *
DE O-linked glycosylation to the hydroxy oxygen of serine and threonine
DE side chains.
HI UPA00460; protein modification.
DR PubMed; 16510493.
DR GO; GO:0006486; P:protein glycosylation.
//
ID L-histidine degradation into L-glutamate.
AC UPA00379
CL Pathway.
DE Nonoxidative degradation of L-histidine into L-glutamate.
HI UPA00427; amino-acid degradation.
DR PubMed; 13117923.
DR PubMed; 14367318.
DR GO; GO:0019556; P:histidine catabolic process to glutamate and
DR formamide.
DR GO; GO:0019557; P:histidine catabolic process to glutamate and
DR formate.
DR KEGG; map00340; Histidine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00630; Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00670; One carbon pool by folate.
DR KEGG; map00910; Nitrogen metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID D-arabinitol metabolism.
AC UPA00380
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of D-arabinitol, an acyclic pentitol. Candida albicans
DE produces large amount of D-arabinitol, but the biosynthetic pathway is
DE not yet known.
SY D-arabitol metabolism.
HI UPA00411; carbohydrate metabolism.
DR PubMed; 8407803.
DR GO; GO:0051161; P:arabitol metabolic process.
//
ID brassinosteroid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00381
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of brassinosteroids (brassins), a group of plant
DE hormones, also called plant growth regulators. The most known example
DE of brassinosteroids is brassinolide.
SY Brassin biosynthesis.
HI UPA00438; plant hormone biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0016132; P:brassinosteroid biosynthetic process.
//
ID oxylipin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00382
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of oxylipins, a group of acyclic (or cyclic) oxidation
DE products derived from the catabolism of fatty acids. Oxylipins
DE regulate many defense and developmental pathways in plants.
SY octadecanoid biosynthesis.
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0031408; P:oxylipin biosynthetic process.
//
ID arachidonate metabolism.
AC UPA00383
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of arachidonic acid, an omega-6 fatty acid (a carboxylic
DE acid with a 20-carbon chain and four cis double bonds, the first
DE double bond is located at the sixth carbon from the omega end).
DE Arachidonic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid that is present in
DE the phospholipids (especially phosphatidylethanolamine,
DE phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositides) of membranes of the
DE body's cells. It is also involved in cellular signaling as a second
DE messenger.
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0019369; P:arachidonic acid metabolic process.
//
ID ethylene biosynthesis via S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
AC UPA00384
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of ethylene, an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains one
DE double bond (the simplest alkene). It acts as hormon in plant where it
DE is essential for proper development, growth and survival. It is
DE responsible for signaling changes during germination, flower and fruit
DE development, the onset of plant defense responses, and cross-talk with
DE other plant hormones.
HI UPA00305; alkene biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 16492477.
DR PubMed; 16524685.
DR GO; GO:0009693; P:ethylene biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00270; Cysteine and methionine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bc610>.
//
ID ethylene biosynthesis via 2-oxoglutarate.
AC UPA00385
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of ethylene via 2-oxoglutarate pathway. Bacterial
DE ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE) catalyzes oxygenation of 2-oxoglutarate
DE to produce ethylene and carbon dioxide in contrast to a plant enzyme
DE which uses 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid as a substrate.
HI UPA00305; alkene biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 1770346.
DR PubMed; 1445291.
DR PubMed; 7952184.
DR PubMed; 10805596.
DR GO; GO:0009693; P:ethylene biosynthetic process.
//
ID carotenoid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00386
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of carotenoids, a group of essential photoprotective and
DE antioxidant pigments that are naturally occurring in plants and some
DE other photosynthetic organisms like algae, some types of fungus and
DE some bacteria. There are over 600 known carotenoids; they are split
DE into two classes, xanthophylls and carotenes. The most important
DE function of carotenoid pigments, especially beta-carotene in higher
DE plants, is to protect organisms against photooxidative damage.
DE Carotenoid biosynthesis involves a series of desaturations,
DE cyclizations, hydroxylations and epoxydations commencing with the
DE formation of phytoene.
HI UPA00416; isoprenoid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 11884677.
DR GO; GO:0016117; P:carotenoid biosynthetic process.
//
ID astaxanthin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00387
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of astaxanthin, an abundant carotenoid found in marine
DE animals, including salmonids and crustaceans. Astaxanthin has interest
DE not only as a pigmentation source but also as a potent antioxidative
DE reagent that can delay aging and the onset of degenerative diseases in
DE animals.
SY 3,3'-dihydroxy-beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione biosynthesis; AXT
SY biosynthesis.
HI UPA00386; carotenoid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 16434154.
//
ID neoxanthin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00388
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of neoxanthin, an allenic xantophyll carotenoid thought
DE to have two key roles as part of LHC's (light-harvesting complexes)
DE and as a precursor to the plant growth hormone abscisic acid (ABA).
DE Neoxanthin is recognized as the last product of carotenoid synthesis
DE in green plants.
SY (3S,5R,6R,3'S,5'R,6'S)-6,7-didehydro-5',6'-epoxy-5,6,5',6'-tetrahydro-
SY beta,beta-carotene-3,5,3'-triol biosynthesis.
HI UPA00386; carotenoid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 11029576.
//
ID geranylgeranyl diphosphate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00389
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of geranylgeranyl-PP (geranylgeranyl diphosphate), a
DE precursor of terpenes and terpenoids.
SY geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate biosynthesis; geranylgeranyl-PP
SY biosynthesis.
HI UPA00416; isoprenoid biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0033386; P:geranylgeranyl diphosphate biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00900; Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID gibberellin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00390
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of gibberellins (GAs), a large family of plant growth
DE substances with distinct functions during the whole life cycle of
DE higher plants. Gibberellins are involved in promotion of stem
DE elongation, mobilization of food reserves in seeds and other
DE processes. Gibberellin was first isolated as a superelongation-
DE promoting diterpenoid from the fungus, Gibberella fujikuroi. G.
DE fujikuroi uses different GA biosynthetic intermediates from those in
DE plants.
HI UPA00438; plant hormone biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0009686; P:gibberellin biosynthetic process.
//
ID 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00391
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine (preQ0), a 7-deazapurine
DE derivative, precursor of queuosine and archaeosine. .
SY preQ0 biosynthesis; pre-queuosine 0 biosynthesis;
SY 7-cyano-7-carbaguanine biosynthesis.
HI UPA00583; purine metabolism.
DR PubMed; 14660578.
DR PubMed; 16199558.
DR PubMed; 12697167.
DR PubMed; 15767583.
//
ID tRNA-queuosine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00392
CL Pathway.
DE In most eubacterial and eukaryotic organisms the genetically encoded
DE guanosine in the anticodon wobble position 34 of tRNA(His), tRNA(Tyr),
DE tRNA(Asp) and tRNA(Asn) is replaced by the hypermodified nucleoside
DE queuosine. The biosynthesis of queuosine commences outside of any tRNA
DE with GTP which is converted to preQ0 (7-cyano-7-deazaguanine) in a
DE poorly characterized pathway. Compound preQ0 is a precursor of
DE archaeosine too. Hence, its biosynthesis is described in an
DE independant pathway. The cyano group of preQ0 is reduced to a primary
DE amine resulting in the formation of preQ1 (queuine). The purine
DE scaffold of queuosine is replaced by a 7-deazapurine substituted with
DE a dihydroxycyclopentenyl-aminomethyl moiety
DE 7-aminomethyl-7-carbaguanine). Although no clearly defined function of
DE queuosine has been established yet, Grimm et al [PMID:17083917]
DE suggests a role in fine tuning of translational fidelity and speed.
HI UPA00481; tRNA modification.
DR PubMed; 17384645.
DR PubMed; 15822125.
DR PubMed; 12731872.
DR PubMed; 19414587.
DR PubMed; 17083917.
DR GO; GO:0008616; P:queuosine biosynthetic process.
//
ID archaeosine-tRNA biosynthesis.
AC UPA00393
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of archaeosine, an archaea-specific modified base.
DE Archaeosine (7-formamidino-7-deazaguanosine) is a structural variant
DE of the hypermodified nucleoside 7-deazaguanosine. The biosynthesis
DE pathway starts with archaeosine tRNA-guanine transglycosylase (ArcTGT)
DE which catalyzes the exchange of guanine at position 15 in the D-loop
DE of archaeal tRNAs with a free 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine (preQ(0)) base.
HI UPA00481; tRNA modification.
DR PubMed; 12054814.
DR PubMed; 16407303.
DR PubMed; 10862614.
//
ID urate degradation.
AC UPA00394
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of uric acid, a key compound in the degradation of
DE purines. The ureide pathway, which mediates the oxidative degradation
DE of uric acid to (S)-allantoin, represents the late stage of purine
DE catabolism in most organisms. The metabolism of uric acid has a
DE pivotal role in transforming the nitrogen that is fixed in leguminous
DE plants and also plays a crucial role in some bacteria under nitrogen-
DE limited conditions.
SY (S)-allantoin biosynthesis; uric acid degradation; ureide pathway.
HI UPA00583; purine metabolism.
DR PubMed; 17567580.
DR PubMed; 16485000.
DR PubMed; 16462750.
DR GO; GO:0019628; P:urate catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00230; Purine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID (S)-allantoin degradation.
AC UPA00395
CL Pathway.
DE Anaerobic utilization of (S)-allantoin, a diureide of glyoxylic acid,
DE as nitrogen source.
SY anaerobic allantoin utilization; (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea
SY degradation; 5-ureidohydantoin degradation; glyoxyldiureide
SY degradation.
HI UPA00045; nitrogen metabolism.
DR PubMed; 16546208.
DR PubMed; 12460564.
DR GO; GO:0000256; P:allantoin catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00230; Purine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID lipopolysaccharide metabolism.
AC UPA00451
CL Pathway.
DE The chemical reactions involving lipopolysaccharides, any of a group
DE of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of
DE Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist three covalently
DE linked regions, lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and an O side chain.
DE Lipid A is responsible for the toxicity of the lipopolysaccharide.
HI UPA00324; bacterial outer membrane biogenesis.
DR GO; GO:0008653; P:lipopolysaccharide metabolic process.
//
ID penicillin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00474
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of penicillin (sometimes abbreviated PCN), a group of
DE beta- lactam antibiotics used in the treatment of bacterial infections
DE caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms.
SY penam biosynthesis; PCN biosynthesis.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0042318; P:penicillin biosynthetic process.
//
ID purine nucleotide biosynthesis.
AC UPA00488
CL Pathway.
DE The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a
DE purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base
DE linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate
DE moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety
DE [source: GO].
HI UPA00583; purine metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006164; P:purine nucleotide biosynthetic process.
//
ID lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis.
AC UPA00501
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of lipooligosaccharide (LOS), an important amphiphilic
DE molecule integrated in and extending outward from the outer membrane
DE of some bacterial cell wall (Neisseria and Haemophilus sp). LOS is
DE similar to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) but lacking the O-antigen
DE polysaccharide side chain repeats. LOS comprises two parts: i) core
DE oligosaccharide and ii) lipid A.
SY LOS biosynthesis.
HI UPA00324; bacterial outer membrane biogenesis.
DR PubMed; 11521077.
//
ID L-alanine degradation via dehydrogenase pathway.
AC UPA00527
CL Pathway.
DE Hydrolysis of L-alanine to ammonia and pyruvate.
HI UPA00427; amino-acid degradation.
DR GO; GO:0042853; P:L-alanine catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00250; Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00430; Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7e10>.
//
ID L-alanine degradation via transaminase pathway.
AC UPA00528
CL Pathway.
DE Breakdown of alanine via an aminotransferase reaction (transfer of an
DE amino group from glutamate to pyruvate to form 2-oxoglutarate and
DE alanine).
HI UPA00427; amino-acid degradation.
DR PubMed; 17319845.
DR GO; GO:0042853; P:L-alanine catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00250; Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00710; Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7c10>.
//
ID betaine biosynthesis via choline pathway.
AC UPA00529
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of betaine (glycine betaine, N,N,N-trimethylglycine) by a
DE two- step oxidation of choline. An alternative pathway converts
DE glycine to betaine through two N-methyltransferases.
HI UPA00289; amine and polyamine biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 11685374.
DR PubMed; 12192001.
DR PubMed; 8752328.
DR GO; GO:0019285; P:glycine betaine biosynthetic process from choline.
DR KEGG; map00260; Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7d50>.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7cd0>.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7f90>.
//
ID betaine biosynthesis via glycine pathway.
AC UPA00530
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of betaine (glycine betaine, N,N,N-trimethylglycine) by a
DE three-step series of methylation reactions from glycine.
HI UPA00289; amine and polyamine biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 11319079.
DR PubMed; 12466265.
DR PubMed; 17019606.
DR PubMed; 10896953.
DR PubMed; 17098399.
DR GO; GO:0019286; P:glycine betaine biosynthetic process from glycine.
DR KEGG; map00260; Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bc0d0>.
//
ID L-glutamate degradation via hydroxyglutarate pathway.
AC UPA00533
CL Pathway.
DE The hydroxyglutarate pathway is one of the major pathways by which
DE L-glutamate amino-acid is fermented. This pathway is found in
DE organisms living in anoxic niches within humans and animals, including
DE members of the genus Acidaminococcus, Clostridium, Fusobacterium and
DE Peptostreptococcus.
SY hydroxyglutarate pathway; L-glutamate fermentation.
HI UPA00427; amino-acid degradation.
DR PubMed; 11106419.
DR GO; GO:0019552; P:glutamate catabolic process via 2-hydroxyglutarate.
DR KEGG; map00250; Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00330; Arginine and proline metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00362; Benzoate degradation.
DR KEGG; map00471; D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00650; Butanoate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00910; Nitrogen metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bc2d0>.
//
ID putrescine biosynthesis via agmatine pathway.
AC UPA00534
CL Pathway.
DE Agmatine, which results from the decarboxylation of L-arginine by
DE arginine decarboxylase, is a metabolic intermediate in the
DE biosynthesis of putrescine and higher polyamines (spermidine and
DE spermine). Recent studies indicate that agmatine can have several
DE important biochemical effects in humans, ranging from effects on the
DE central nervous system to cell proliferation in cancer and viral
DE replication.
HI UPA00289; amine and polyamine biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 12634339.
DR PubMed; 12435743.
DR PubMed; 11804860.
DR PubMed; 11673419.
DR GO; GO:0033388; P:putrescine biosynthetic process from arginine.
DR KEGG; map00330; Arginine and proline metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7f90>.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7e10>.
//
ID putrescine biosynthesis via L-ornithine pathway.
AC UPA00535
CL Pathway.
DE The pathway for mammalian putrescine synthesis was demonstrated to
DE occur via the decarboxylation of ornithine.
HI UPA00289; amine and polyamine biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 14763899.
DR GO; GO:0033387; P:putrescine biosynthetic process from ornithine.
DR KEGG; map00330; Arginine and proline metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00480; Glutathione metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7c90>.
//
ID protein lipoylation via exogenous pathway.
AC UPA00537
CL Pathway.
DE Protein lipoylation via exogenous pathway.
HI UPA00460; protein modification.
DR KEGG; map00785; Lipoic acid metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID protein lipoylation via endogenous pathway.
AC UPA00538
CL Pathway.
DE Protein lipoylation via endogenous pathway.
HI UPA00460; protein modification.
DR KEGG; map00785; Lipoic acid metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID pyrroloquinoline quinone biosynthesis.
AC UPA00539
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ, 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-
DE 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid), a bacterial
DE vitamin that serves as a cofactor in numerous alcohol dehydrogenases.
DE Its biosynthesis in Klebsiella pneumoniae is facilitated by six genes,
DE pqqABCDEF, and proceeds by an unknown pathway.
SY PQQ biosynthesis; 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-
SY pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid biosynthesis.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0018189; P:pyrroloquinoline quinone biosynthetic process.
//
ID oxalate degradation.
AC UPA00540
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of oxalate. Because of its toxicity, oxalate accumulation
DE from amino-acid catabolism leads to acute disorders in mammals. Gut
DE microflora are therefore pivotal in maintaining a safe intestinal
DE oxalate balance through oxalate degradation. Oxalate catabolism was
DE first identified in Oxalobacter formigenes, a specialized, strictly
DE anaerobic bacterium. Oxalate degradation was found to be performed
DE successively by two enzymes, a formyl-CoA transferase (frc) and an
DE oxalate decarboxylase (oxc). These two genes are present in several
DE bacterial genomes including that of Escherichia coli.
HI UPA00498; metabolic intermediate degradation.
DR GO; GO:0033611; P:oxalate catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00630; Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID L-rhamnose degradation.
AC UPA00541
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of L-rhamnose (hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose).
SY hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose degradation.
HI UPA00413; carbohydrate degradation.
DR GO; GO:0019301; P:rhamnose catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00051; Fructose and mannose metabolism.
//
ID lactose degradation.
AC UPA00542
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of lactose, a disaccharide that consists of
DE beta-D-galactose and beta-D-glucose molecules bonded through a
DE beta-1-4 glycosidic linkage. .
SY galactopyranosyl-glucose degradation.
HI UPA00411; carbohydrate metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0005990; P:lactose catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00052; Galactose metabolism.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994ba090>.
//
ID GDP-D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis.
AC UPA00543
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of GDP-D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose
DE (GDP-D-beta-D-heptose), a nucleotide-sugar present in S-layer
DE glycoproteins or capsular polysaccharide or flagella.
HI UPA00304; nucleotide-sugar biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 12101286.
//
ID peptidoglycan recycling.
AC UPA00544
CL Pathway.
DE Recycling of peptidoglycan, also known as murein, a polymer consisting
DE of sugars and amino-acids that forms a mesh-like layer outside the
DE plasma membrane of eubacteria. .
SY murein recycling.
HI UPA00547; cell wall biogenesis.
DR GO; GO:0009254; P:peptidoglycan turnover.
//
ID pectin degradation.
AC UPA00545
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of
DE alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues.
SY poly(1,4-alpha-D-galacturonide) degradation.
HI UPA00441; glycan metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0045490; P:pectin catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00040; Pentose and glucuronate interconversions.
DR KEGG; map00500; Starch and sucrose metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID peptidoglycan degradation.
AC UPA00549
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of peptidoglycan, also known as murein, a polymer
DE consisting of sugars and amino-acids that forms a mesh-like layer
DE outside the plasma membrane of eubacteria. .
SY murein degradation.
HI UPA00548; cell wall degradation.
DR GO; GO:0016998; P:cell wall macromolecule catabolic process.
//
ID cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00551
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of cyclic 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate (cDPG), a trianionic
DE compound acting as thermoadapter in thermophile organisms.
SY cDPG biosynthesis.
HI UPA00550; thermoadapter biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 9811660.
DR PubMed; 8159166.
DR PubMed; 2226838.
//
ID pyruvate fermentation to lactate.
AC UPA00554
CL Pathway.
DE Conversion of pyruvate (the final product of glycolysis) to lactate in
DE the absence of oxygen.
HI UPA00553; fermentation.
DR KEGG; map00010; Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis.
DR KEGG; map00620; Pyruvate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7e10>.
//
ID cytochrome c assembly.
AC UPA00555
CL Pathway.
DE Bacterial c-type cytochromes are localized to the outside of the
DE cytoplasmic membrane where they function in electron transport
DE processes. Assembly takes place on the outside of the cytoplasmic
DE membrane, involving separate transport of heme and the apocytochrome
DE across the membrane [PMID:2172694]; the latter occurs via the general
DE protein secretory (Sec) pathway of the cell [PMID:9219541]. Following
DE translocation, assembly proceeds via a pathway involving a number of
DE specific proteins. Two distinct systems have been identified in
DE bacteria. System I is found in alpha - and gamma -proteobacteria,
DE including E. coli, R. capsulatus, B. japonicum, and P. denitrificans.
DE System II seems more widespread than system I, occurring in a range of
DE bacteria including cyanobacteria, Gram-positive bacteria such as
DE Mycobacterium species, beta -, gamma -, and delta -proteobacteria such
DE as B. pertussis, T. ferrooxidans, and H. pylori, respectively, and
DE some extremophiles such as A. aeoliticus. Common to both systems is
DE that the apocytochrome cysteine thiols and the heme iron must be in
DE their reduced states for thioether bond formation to occur. Thiol-
DE disulfide oxidoreductases are required for this, and specific proteins
DE have been identified in a number of system I organisms, including E.
DE coli (CcmG), R. capsulatus (HelX), B. japonicum (CycY), and P.
DE denitrificans (CcmG), and one system II organism, B. pertussis (CcsX)
DE [PMID:12637552]. .
SY c-type cytochrome assembly.
HI UPA00460; protein modification.
DR PubMed; 2172694.
DR PubMed; 9219541.
DR PubMed; 12637552.
//
ID lipoteichoic acid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00556
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a glycerol phosphate surface
DE polymer. Lipoteichoic acid is a component of the envelope of Gram-
DE positive bacteria. This polyphosphoglycerol compound is substituted
DE with a D-alanyl (D-Ala) ester or a glycosyl residue and is anchored in
DE the membrane by its glycolipid moiety. .
SY LTA biosynthesis.
HI UPA00547; cell wall biogenesis.
DR PubMed; 11591677.
DR PubMed; 11849532.
DR PubMed; 10781555.
DR PubMed; 16885447.
DR PubMed; 17434999.
DR GO; GO:0070395; P:lipoteichoic acid biosynthetic process.
//
ID CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthesis.
AC UPA00557
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-1,2-diacylglycerol, a molecule
DE composed of diacylglycerol in glycosidic linkage with cytidine
DE diphosphate.
HI UPA00085; phospholipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0016024; P:CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00561; Glycerolipid metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00564; Glycerophospholipid metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map04070; Phosphatidylinositol signaling system.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994ba090>.
//
ID phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00558
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine compounds, any of a class of
DE phospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the
DE hydroxyl group of ethanolamine.
HI UPA00085; phospholipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006646; P:phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00260; Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00564; Glycerophospholipid metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7b90>.
//
ID peptidyl-diphthamide biosynthesis.
AC UPA00559
CL Pathway.
DE The translation elongation factor 2 (eEF-2) in eukaryotes and some
DE archaea contains a unique posttranslationally modified histidine
DE residue, termed diphthamide, which serves as the only target for
DE diphtheria toxin and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A. The
DE biosynthesis of diphthamide represents one of the most complex
DE posttranslational modifications. The biosynthesis is accomplished by
DE stepwise additions to the His715 (His699 in yeast) residue of eEF-2.
SY 2'-(3-carboxamido-3-(trimethylammonio)propyl)-L-histidine
SY biosynthesis.
HI UPA00460; protein modification.
DR PubMed; 6402493.
DR PubMed; 15485916.
DR PubMed; 16648478.
DR GO; GO:0017183; P:peptidyl-diphthamide biosynthetic process from
DR peptidyl-histidine.
//
ID ethanolamine degradation.
AC UPA00560
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol), an important water-
DE soluble base of phospholipid (phosphatidylethanolamine).
SY 2-aminoethanol degradation.
HI UPA00456; amine and polyamine degradation.
DR PubMed; 16291677.
DR GO; GO:0046336; P:ethanolamine catabolic process.
//
ID L-glutamate degradation via mesaconate pathway.
AC UPA00561
CL Pathway.
DE The mesaconate pathway is one of the major pathways by which
DE L-glutamate amino-acid is fermented.
SY L-glutamate fermentation; L-glutamate degradation via L-citramalate
SY pathway; L-glutamate degradation via methylaspartate pathway.
HI UPA00427; amino-acid degradation.
DR PubMed; 11759672.
DR PubMed; 9385136.
DR GO; GO:0019553; P:glutamate catabolic process via L-citramalate.
DR KEGG; map00660; C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00910; Nitrogen metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994ba150>.
//
ID formaldehyde degradation.
AC UPA00562
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of formaldehyde, a toxic compound for all organisms from
DE bacteria to humans due to its reactivity with biological
DE macromolecules (nonspecific reactivity with proteins and nucleic
DE acids). Organisms that grow aerobically on single-carbon compounds
DE such as methanol and methane face a special challenge in this regard
DE because formaldehyde is a central metabolic intermediate during
DE methylotrophic growth. .
SY formaldehyde oxidation; methanal oxidation.
HI UPA00445; one-carbon metabolism.
DR PubMed; 9765566.
DR PubMed; 16567800.
DR PubMed; 15632161.
DR PubMed; 12123819.
DR PubMed; 11073907.
DR GO; GO:0046294; P:formaldehyde catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00680; Methane metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994ba310>.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994ba2d0>.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994ba350>.
//
ID L-fucose degradation.
AC UPA00563
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of the methylpentose L-fucose (6-deoxygalactose).
SY 6-deoxygalactose degradation.
HI UPA00413; carbohydrate degradation.
DR GO; GO:0019317; P:fucose catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00051; Fructose and mannose metabolism.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7b90>.
//
ID D-glucarate degradation.
AC UPA00564
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of D-glucaric acid, an aldaric acid.
SY D-glucaric acid degradation.
HI UPA00857; carbohydrate acid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0042838; P:D-glucarate catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00053; Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID D-galactarate degradation.
AC UPA00565
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of D-galactaric acid, an aldaric acid.
SY D-galactaric acid degradation.
HI UPA00857; carbohydrate acid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0019582; P:D-galactarate catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00053; Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism.
//
ID enterobacterial common antigen biosynthesis.
AC UPA00566
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of enterobacterial common antigen (ECA), a cell surface
DE glycolipid that is present in all gram-negative enteric bacteria. The
DE carbohydrate portion of the polymer contains: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
DE (GlcNAc), N-acetyl-D-mannosaminouronic acid (ManNAcA) and
DE 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose (Fuc4NAc). These amino sugars are
DE linked to form linear polysaccharide chains. In addition, the hydroxyl
DE groups at position 6 of the GlcNAc residues are nonstochiometrically
DE substituted with O-acetyl groups.
SY ECA biosynthesis.
HI UPA00324; bacterial outer membrane biogenesis.
DR PubMed; 16936038.
DR PubMed; 10515954.
DR PubMed; 16199561.
DR PubMed; 12618464.
DR GO; GO:0009246; P:enterobacterial common antigen biosynthetic process.
//
ID fatty acid reduction for biolumincescence.
AC UPA00569
CL Pathway.
DE Fatty acid reduction for bacterial biolumincescence. .
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
//
ID UMP biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
AC UPA00574
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of UMP via salvage of pyrimidine derivatives (cytidine,
DE uridine, cytosine).
SY uridine monophosphate biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
HI UPA00570; pyrimidine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00240; Pyrimidine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7e10>.
//
ID dTTP biosynthesis.
AC UPA00575
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of dTTP (deoxythymidine triphosphate).
HI UPA00570; pyrimidine metabolism.
DR PubMed; 8631667.
DR GO; GO:0006235; P:dTTP biosynthetic process.
//
ID dTMP biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
AC UPA00578
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of dTMP via pyrimidine salvage pathway.
SY deoxythymidine monophosphate biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
HI UPA00570; pyrimidine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00240; Pyrimidine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994ba890>.
//
ID CTP biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
AC UPA00579
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of CTP starting from cytidine (salvage pathway).
SY cytosine triphosphate biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
HI UPA00570; pyrimidine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00240; Pyrimidine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID uracil degradation via oxidative pathway.
AC UPA00582
CL Pathway.
DE Oxidative degradation of uracil nucleobase.
HI UPA00570; pyrimidine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00240; Pyrimidine metabolism.
//
ID AMP biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
AC UPA00588
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of AMP through purine salvage.
HI UPA00583; purine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00230; Purine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID IMP biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
AC UPA00591
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of inosine 5'-phosphate (IMP) through purine salvage.
SY inosine 5'-phosphate biosynthesis via salvage pathway; IMP salvage;
SY inosine monophosphate biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
HI UPA00583; purine metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0032264; P:IMP salvage.
DR KEGG; map00230; Purine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID 3',5'-cyclic di-GMP biosynthesis.
AC UPA00599
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of cyclic dinucleotide 3',5'-cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), a
DE purine nucleotide emerging as a novel global second messenger in
DE bacteria. In many bacteria bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine
DE monophosphate (c-di-GMP) signaling determines the timing and amplitude
DE of complex biological processes from biofilm formation and virulence
DE to photosynthesis.
SY cGpGp biosynthesis; c-di-GMP biosynthesis; bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric
SY guanosine monophosphate biosynthesis.
HI UPA00583; purine metabolism.
DR PubMed; 16045609.
DR PubMed; 15569936.
DR PubMed; 15063857.
//
ID XMP biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
AC UPA00601
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of xanthosine 5'-phosphate (XMP purine nucleotide) via de
DE novo pathway.
SY xanthosine monophosphate biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
HI UPA00583; purine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00230; Purine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID XMP biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
AC UPA00602
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of xanthosine 5'-phosphate (XMP purine nucleotide) via
DE salvage pathway.
SY xanthosine 5'-phosphate biosynthesis via salvage pathway; xanthosine
SY monophosphate biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
HI UPA00583; purine metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0032265; P:XMP salvage.
DR KEGG; map00230; Purine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID guanine degradation.
AC UPA00603
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of guanine purine nucleobase.
HI UPA00583; purine metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006147; P:guanine catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00230; Purine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID hypoxanthine degradation.
AC UPA00604
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of hypoxanthine purine base into uric acid.
HI UPA00583; purine metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0009114; P:hypoxanthine catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00230; Purine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID purine nucleoside salvage.
AC UPA00606
CL Pathway.
DE Salvage of purine nucleoside compounds.
HI UPA00583; purine metabolism.
//
ID CDP-diacylglycerol degradation.
AC UPA00609
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of CDP-diacylglycerol compounds.
HI UPA00085; phospholipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0046342; P:CDP-diacylglycerol catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00564; Glycerophospholipid metabolism.
//
ID dUMP biosynthesis.
AC UPA00610
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of dUMP (deoxyuridine 5'-phosphate), a pyrimidine
DE deoxyribonucleotide.
SY deoxyuridine 5'-phosphate biosynthesis.
HI UPA00570; pyrimidine metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006226; P:dUMP biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00240; Pyrimidine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID glycerol degradation.
AC UPA00616
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of glycerol, a trihydric alcohol. Two possible routes of
DE glycerol catabolism have been proposed. In the first pathway, glycerol
DE is phosphorylated to glycerol-3-phosphate by glycerol kinase, and then
DE converted to dihydroxyacetone phosphate by glycerol-3-phosphate
DE dehydrogenase. In the second pathway, glycerol is converted to
DE dihydroxyacetone by NAD-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase, and then
DE phosphorylated to dihydroxyacetone phosphate by dihydroxyacetone
DE kinase. .
SY 1,2,3-propanetriol degradation.
HI UPA00613; polyol metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0019563; P:glycerol catabolic process.
//
ID glycerol fermentation.
AC UPA00617
CL Pathway.
DE In the absence of an external oxidant, glycerol is consumed by a
DE dismutation process involving two sub-pathways. Through one sub-
DE pathway (oxidative route), glycerol is dehydrogenated by an
DE NAD+-linked glycerol dehydrogenase (DhaD) to dihydroxyacetone. This
DE product is then phosphorylated by dihydroxyacetone kinase (DhaK) and
DE funnelled to the central metabolism. Through the other sub-pathway
DE (reductive route), glycerol is dehydrated by coenzyme B12-dependent
DE glycerol dehydratase (DhaB, DhaC, DhaE) to form
DE 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde, which is reduced to the major fermentation
DE product 1,3-propanediol by the NADH-linked 1,3-propanediol
DE dehydrogenase (DhaT), thereby regenerating NAD+ [PMID: 9311132]. .
SY anaerobic glycerol degradation.
HI UPA00613; polyol metabolism.
DR PubMed; 9311132.
DR PubMed; 7721705.
DR GO; GO:0019588; P:anaerobic glycerol catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00561; Glycerolipid metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00680; Methane metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bb190>.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bb1d0>.
//
ID glycerol degradation via glycerol kinase pathway.
AC UPA00618
CL Pathway.
DE In bacteria, glycerol uptake is mediated by the glycerol diffusion
DE facilitator, an integral membrane protein catalyzing the rapid
DE equilibration of concentration gradients of glycerol across the
DE cytoplasmic membrane. Intracellular glycerol is converted to
DE glycerol-3-phosphate that is further metabolized to dihydroxyacetone
DE phosphate (DHAP) by either of two membrane-bound enzymes, depending on
DE the growth conditions.
HI UPA00613; polyol metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0019563; P:glycerol catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00561; Glycerolipid metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bb4d0>.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bb510>.
//
ID methylglyoxal degradation.
AC UPA00619
CL Pathway.
DE Methylglyoxal (MG) is a cytotoxic compound formed primarily as a by-
DE product of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is catabolised by
DE glyoxalases I and II, the zinc-binding enzymes of the glyoxalase
DE pathway. Glyoxalase system is present in the cytosol of cells and
DE cellular organelles, particularly mitochondria.
SY glyoxalase pathway; glyoxalase system; glyoxal pathway.
HI UPA00465; secondary metabolite metabolism.
DR PubMed; 2198020.
DR KEGG; map00620; Pyruvate metabolism.
//
ID 1,2-propanediol degradation.
AC UPA00621
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of the diol alcohol, 1,2-propanediol (propane-1,2-diol).
SY 1,2 propylene glycol degradation; propane-1,2-diol degradation;
SY 1,2-dihydroxypropane degradation.
HI UPA00613; polyol metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0051144; P:propanediol catabolic process.
//
ID glycerol biosynthesis.
AC UPA00624
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of the trihydric alcohol, glycerol (1,2,3-propanetriol).
SY 1,2,3-propanetriol biosynthesis.
HI UPA00613; polyol metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006114; P:glycerol biosynthetic process.
//
ID (R,R)-butane-2,3-diol biosynthesis.
AC UPA00626
CL Pathway.
DE In some bacteria, pyruvate can be channeled via alpha-acetolactate
DE into neutral compound 2,3-butanediol. The production of
DE (R,R)-2,3-butanediol is enhanced when oxygen is limited and the pH is
DE lowered.
SY 2,3-butanediol pathway; 2,3-butanediol biosynthesis.
HI UPA00613; polyol metabolism.
DR PubMed; 11234948.
DR PubMed; 8444801.
DR KEGG; map00650; Butanoate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00660; C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7e90>.
//
ID N-acetylneuraminate metabolism.
AC UPA00628
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of N-acetylneuramate, an amino sugar component of the cell
DE surface structures.
SY sialic acid metabolism.
HI UPA00216; amino-sugar metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006054; P:N-acetylneuraminate metabolic process.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7f50>.
//
ID N-acetylneuraminate degradation.
AC UPA00629
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of N-acetylneuraminate, an amino sugar component of the
DE cell surface structures. N-acetylneuraminate is possibly used as
DE carbon and nitrogen sources.
SY sialic acid degradation.
HI UPA00216; amino-sugar metabolism.
DR PubMed; 11234948.
DR PubMed; 9864311.
DR GO; GO:0019262; P:N-acetylneuraminate catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00520; Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bb1d0>.
//
ID N-acetylneuraminate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00630
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), the precursor of
DE sialic acids, a group of important molecules in biological recognition
DE systems.
SY N-acetylneuraminic acid biosynthesis; Neu5Ac biosynthesis; sialic acid
SY biosynthesis.
HI UPA00216; amino-sugar metabolism.
DR PubMed; 10334995.
DR PubMed; 9305888.
DR GO; GO:0006045; P:N-acetylglucosamine biosynthetic process.
//
ID exopolysaccharide biosynthesis.
AC UPA00631
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of exopolysaccharide compounds. Pseudomonas solanacearum.
SY EPS biosynthesis.
HI UPA00441; glycan metabolism.
DR PubMed; 7476194.
DR PubMed; 8626297.
//
ID teichoic acid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00632
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of teichoic acids (TAs), a group of phosphate-rich
DE anionic extracellular polysaccharides found covalently bound to
DE peptidoglycan in gram-positive bacteria TAs are polymers of glycerol
DE or ribitol linked via phosphodiester bonds. These acids can be found
DE in the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococci,
DE Streptococci, Bacillus, Clostridium, Corynebacterium and Listeria, and
DE appear to extend to the surface of the peptidoglycan layer. Teichoic
DE acids are not found in the gram-negative bacteria. Teichoic acids are
DE negatively charged and therefore contribute to the negative charge of
DE the gram-positive cell wall. They may also provide structural support
DE for the cell wall and act as antigen.
SY TA biosynthesis.
HI UPA00547; cell wall biogenesis.
DR PubMed; 17981078.
DR PubMed; 17660278.
DR PubMed; 15547257.
DR PubMed; 16952950.
DR GO; GO:0019350; P:teichoic acid biosynthetic process.
//
ID L-glutamate biosynthesis via GLT pathway.
AC UPA00634
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of L-glutamate amino-acid via glutamate synthase (GLT).
HI UPA00402; amino-acid biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00250; Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00910; Nitrogen metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7f50>.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7d10>.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7ed0>.
//
ID beta-glucan biosynthesis.
AC UPA00636
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of beta-glucans.
HI UPA00441; glycan metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0051274; P:beta-glucan biosynthetic process.
//
ID osmoregulated periplasmic glucan (OPG) biosynthesis.
AC UPA00637
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs). OPGs occur
DE in a wide variety of Gram-negative bacterial species. The only sugars
DE found in the backbone of OPGs are glucosyl residues, which are bound
DE with beta-glucosidic linkages. Generally, OPG synthesis is activated
DE by conditions of low osmolarity. OPGs vary from 5 to 25 glucosyl
DE residues per molecule and the glucose backbones show structural
DE diversity among different species. [PMID:17906125].
SY OPG biosynthesis.
HI UPA00441; glycan metabolism.
DR PubMed; 17906125.
//
ID nitric oxide reduction.
AC UPA00638
CL Pathway.
DE Reduction of nitric oxide (NO), a compound present throughout the
DE biosphere. In humans, tightly regulated NO synthases produce
DE sufficient NO to poison pathogens, opportunistic organisms, and
DE neoplastic tissue. Nitric-oxide reductases metabolize NO to N2O in
DE anaerobic denitrifying bacteria and fungi and likely serve an
DE additional role in minimizing NO toxicity. .
SY nitric-oxid reduction; NO reduction; NO detoxification.
HI UPA00045; nitrogen metabolism.
DR PubMed; 15546870.
DR PubMed; 11751865.
//
ID methanogenesis from CO(2).
AC UPA00640
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of methane from CO(2) (carbon dioxide).
SY methanogenesis from carbon dioxide; methane biosynthesis from carbon
SY dioxide.
HI UPA00445; one-carbon metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0019386; P:methanogenesis, from carbon dioxide.
DR KEGG; map00680; Methane metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b80d0>.
//
ID methanogenesis from methanol.
AC UPA00641
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of methane from methanol.
SY methane biosynthesis from methanol.
HI UPA00445; one-carbon metabolism.
DR PubMed; 17142327.
DR GO; GO:0019387; P:methanogenesis, from methanol.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7d90>.
//
ID methanogenesis from acetate.
AC UPA00642
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of methane from acetate. Acetate serves as a growth
DE substrate for acetotrophic methanogens including the anaerobic
DE archaeon Methanosarcina thermophila. Activation of acetate into
DE acetyl-CoA is described in 'Acetyl-CoA biosynthesis' pathway.
SY methane biosynthesis from acetate.
HI UPA00445; one-carbon metabolism.
DR PubMed; 15062079.
DR GO; GO:0019385; P:methanogenesis, from acetate.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7b10>.
//
ID methanogenesis from methylamine.
AC UPA00643
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of methane from monomethylamine.
SY methane biosynthesis from monomethylamine.
HI UPA00445; one-carbon metabolism.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7fd0>.
//
ID methanogenesis from dimethylamine.
AC UPA00644
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of methane from dimethylamine.
SY methane biosynthesis from dimethylamine.
HI UPA00445; one-carbon metabolism.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7c50>.
//
ID methanogenesis from trimethylamine.
AC UPA00645
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of methane from trimethylamine.
SY methane biosynthesis from trimethylamine.
HI UPA00445; one-carbon metabolism.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7d50>.
//
ID methyl-coenzyme M reduction.
AC UPA00646
CL Pathway.
DE The conversion of methyl-CoM to methane is the final step in the
DE methanogenesis process. This process involves the reduction of the
DE coenzyme M-bound methyl group to methane. This step is catalyzed by
DE methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR), a key enzyme that is found in all
DE methanogens.
HI UPA00445; one-carbon metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00680; Methane metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7c90>.
//
ID coenzyme M-coenzyme B heterodisulfide reduction.
AC UPA00647
CL Pathway.
DE All processes in methanogenesis lead to the formation of a mixed
DE disulfide bond between coenzyme M and coenzyme B, by a reaction in
DE which coenzyme B reduces methyl-coenzyme M , leading to formation of
DE methane and a coenzyme M-coenzyme B heterodisulfide [PMID:12102556] .
DE There are two different systems that are capable of reducing the
DE coenzyme M-coenzyme B heterodisulfide, using either H2 or a reduced
DE coenzyme F420 as electron donors [PMID:15168610]. .
HI UPA00398; cofactor metabolism.
DR PubMed; 15168610.
DR PubMed; 12102556.
DR KEGG; map00680; Methane metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7b90>.
//
ID methanogenesis from methylated amine.
AC UPA00650
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of methane from methylated amines (mono-, di- or
DE trimethylamine).
SY methane biosynthesis from monomethylamine.
HI UPA00445; one-carbon metabolism.
//
ID 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 4-phosphate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00651
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 4-phosphate (KDO
DE 4-phosphate). .
SY KDO 4-phosphate biosynthesis.
HI UPA00412; carbohydrate biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 10952982.
DR PubMed; 10531340.
//
ID nitrate reduction (denitrification).
AC UPA00652
CL Pathway.
DE Denitrification is the process of reducing nitrate and nitrite, highly
DE oxidised forms of nitrogen available for consumption by many groups of
DE organisms, into gaseous nitrogen, which is far less accessible to life
DE forms but makes up the bulk of atmosphere. Denitrification can be
DE thought of as the opposite of nitrogen fixation. In general,
DE denitrification occurs when oxygen is depleted, and bacteria turn to
DE nitrate in order to respire organic matter. Denitrification proceeds
DE through some combination of the following steps: nitrate -> nitrite ->
DE nitric oxide -> nitrous oxide -> dinitrogen gas.
SY nitrate respiration.
HI UPA00045; nitrogen metabolism.
DR PubMed; 7508388.
DR GO; GO:0019333; P:denitrification pathway.
DR KEGG; map00910; Nitrogen metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b81d0>.
//
ID nitrate reduction (assimilation).
AC UPA00653
CL Pathway.
DE Reduction of nitrate into to nitrite via assimilation pathway.
SY assimilatory nitrate reduction; nitrate assimilation.
HI UPA00045; nitrogen metabolism.
DR PubMed; 8169203.
DR PubMed; 8468296.
DR GO; GO:0042128; P:nitrate assimilation.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b8090>.
//
ID malonyl-CoA biosynthesis.
AC UPA00655
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of malonyl-CoA.
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00253; Tetracycline biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00620; Pyruvate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00640; Propanoate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00720; Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID short-chain fatty acid metabolism.
AC UPA00656
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of short-chain fatty acid compounds.
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0046459; P:short-chain fatty acid metabolic process.
//
ID rhamnolipid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00657
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of rhamnolipid compounds. Rhamnolipids are extracellular
DE biosurfactants and virulence factors secreted by the opportunistic
DE human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa that are required for swarming
DE motility.
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
DR PubMed; 16624803.
DR PubMed; 9721281.
//
ID polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00658
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acid compounds.
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
//
ID fatty acid beta-oxidation.
AC UPA00659
CL Pathway.
DE The metabolic oxidation of a long-chain fatty acid by successive
DE cycles of reactions during each of which the fatty acid is shortened
DE by a two-carbon fragment removed as acetyl coenzyme A [GO:0006635].
SY beta-oxidation cycle.
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006635; P:fatty acid beta-oxidation.
//
ID mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation.
AC UPA00660
CL Pathway.
DE Beta-oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondrion.
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
//
ID peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation.
AC UPA00661
CL Pathway.
DE Beta-oxidation of fatty acids in peroxisome.
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0033540; P:fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA oxidase.
//
ID prostaglandin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00662
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of prostaglandins, a group of lipid compounds that are
DE derived enzymatically from fatty acids and have important functions in
DE the animal body. Every prostaglandin contains 20 carbon atoms,
DE including a 5-carbon ring. .
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0001516; P:prostaglandin biosynthetic process.
//
ID lipoprotein biosynthesis (diacylglyceryl transfer).
AC UPA00664
CL Pathway.
DE The first step of lipoprotein biosynthesis consist of lipidation
DE reaction, carried out by the enzyme lipoprotein diacylglyceryl
DE transferase (Lgt).
HI UPA00460; protein modification.
//
ID lipoprotein biosynthesis (signal peptide cleavage).
AC UPA00665
CL Pathway.
DE The second step of lipoprotein biosynthesis consist of cleavage of the
DE signal peptide. The enzyme responsible for this reaction is the
DE lipoprotein-specific signal peptidase II (Lsp), which recognizes a
DE genuine L(-3)-S/A(-2)-A/G(-1)-C(+1) lipobox.
HI UPA00460; protein modification.
DR PubMed; 17071755.
//
ID lipoprotein biosynthesis (N-acyl transfer).
AC UPA00666
CL Pathway.
DE The first step of lipoprotein biosynthesis consist of addition of an
DE N-acyl moiety to the amino group of the N-terminal cysteine, This
DE reaction is carried out by the enzyme N-acyl-transferase (Lnt).
HI UPA00460; protein modification.
//
ID L-arabinan degradation.
AC UPA00667
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of L-arabinan, a branched homopolymer of L-arabinose.
HI UPA00441; glycan metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0031222; P:arabinan catabolic process.
//
ID chlorophyll biosynthesis.
AC UPA00668
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of chlorophyll, a green pigment found in most plants,
DE algae, and cyanobacteria.
HI UPA00678; porphyrin biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0015995; P:chlorophyll biosynthetic process.
//
ID bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis.
AC UPA00669
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll, any of the chlorophylls of
DE photosynthetic bacteria.
HI UPA00678; porphyrin biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0030494; P:bacteriochlorophyll biosynthetic process.
//
ID chlorophyll biosynthesis (light-independent).
AC UPA00670
CL Pathway.
DE Light-independent biosynthesis of chlorophyll.
HI UPA00678; porphyrin biosynthesis.
//
ID bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis (light-independent).
AC UPA00671
CL Pathway.
DE Light-independent biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll.
HI UPA00678; porphyrin biosynthesis.
//
ID chlorophyll degradation.
AC UPA00674
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of chlorophyll, the green pigment found in photosynthetic
DE organisms.
HI UPA00679; porphyrin degradation.
DR GO; GO:0015996; P:chlorophyll catabolic process.
//
ID spheroidene biosynthesis.
AC UPA00683
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of spheroidene carotenoids from neurosporene.
HI UPA00386; carotenoid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 2747617.
//
ID protoheme degradation.
AC UPA00684
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of heme. Bilirubin is a yellow breakdown product of normal
DE heme catabolism.
HI UPA00677; porphyrin metabolism.
//
ID (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate degradation.
AC UPA00685
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate, a chlorinated phenoxy
DE compound. (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate functions as a systemic
DE herbicide and is used to control many types of broadleaf weeds. .
HI UPA00105; xenobiotic degradation.
DR GO; GO:0046300; P:2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid catabolic process.
//
ID (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetate degradation.
AC UPA00686
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetate, a chlorinated phenoxy
DE compound.
HI UPA00105; xenobiotic degradation.
DR GO; GO:0046228; P:2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid catabolic process.
//
ID dichloromethane degradation.
AC UPA00688
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of dichloromethane, a highly volatile solvent which finds
DE application in a wide variety of industrial and commercial processes.
DE Dibromomethane has been observed to occur naturally [PMID:7272274].
SY DCM degradation.
HI UPA00105; xenobiotic degradation.
DR PubMed; 7272274.
//
ID gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane degradation.
AC UPA00689
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (g-HCH, BHC, lindane), a
DE halogenated organic insecticide that has been used worldwide for
DE agriculture and public health. It is degraded rapidly under anaerobic
DE conditions, but is considered extremely persistent in upland soil.
SY lindane degradation; g-HCH degradation; BHC degradation;
SY g-hexachlorocyclohexane degradation.
HI UPA00105; xenobiotic degradation.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7e10>.
//
ID hexachlorocyclohexane degradation.
AC UPA00690
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), a xenobiotic compound used
DE extensively against agricultural pests and in public health programs
DE for the control of mosquitoes. Commercial formulations of HCH consist
DE of a mixture of four isomers, alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. While all
DE these isomers pose serious environmental problems, beta-HCH is more
DE problematic due to its longer persistence in the environment.
SY HCH degradation.
HI UPA00105; xenobiotic degradation.
//
ID pentachlorophenol degradation.
AC UPA00691
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP), a chlorinated insecticide and
DE fungicide. It is used primarily to protect timber from fungal rot and
DE wood boring insects. PCP is significantly toxic to mammals, plants,
DE and many microorganisms. Despite this, bacteria have been identified
DE that are resistant to relatively high PCP concentrations and can
DE metabolize it to carbon dioxide and chloride. Bacteria have been used
DE successfully in PCP bioremediation.
SY PCP degradation.
HI UPA00105; xenobiotic degradation.
DR GO; GO:0019338; P:pentachlorophenol catabolic process.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7f10>.
//
ID bacterial cellulose biosynthesis.
AC UPA00694
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose.
HI UPA00441; glycan metabolism.
//
ID plant cellulose biosynthesis.
AC UPA00695
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of plant cellulose.
HI UPA00441; glycan metabolism.
//
ID cellulose degradation.
AC UPA00696
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of cellulose.
HI UPA00441; glycan metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0030245; P:cellulose catabolic process.
//
ID hemicellulose degradation.
AC UPA00697
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of hemicellulose, a branched polymer of sugar monomers.
DE For instance, besides glucose, sugar monomers in hemicellulose can
DE include xylose, mannose, galactose, rhamnose, and arabinose.
DE Hemicelluloses contain most of the D-pentose sugars, and occasionally
DE small amounts of L-sugars as well. Xylose is always the sugar monomer
DE present in the largest amount, but mannuronic acid and galacturonic
DE acid also tend to be present.
HI UPA00441; glycan metabolism.
//
ID lactate oxidation.
AC UPA00701
CL Pathway.
DE Oxidation of lactic acid.
SY lactic acid oxidation.
HI UPA00496; metabolic intermediate metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0019516; P:lactate oxidation.
//
ID D-galactose 6-phosphate degradation.
AC UPA00702
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of D-galactose 6-phosphate.
HI UPA00411; carbohydrate metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0019388; P:galactose catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00052; Galactose metabolism.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7f90>.
//
ID glyoxylate cycle.
AC UPA00703
CL Pathway.
DE Glyoxylate cycle is a metabolic pathway occurring in plants, certain
DE vertebrates, and several microorganisms, such as E. coli and yeast.
DE The glyoxylate cycle allows these organisms to use fats for the
DE synthesis of carbohydrates, a task which most vertebrates, including
DE humans, cannot perform. The glyoxylate cycle, avoids the steps in the
DE citric acid cycle (TCA cycle) where carbon is lost in the form of CO2.
DE The two initial stages of this cycle are identical to those of the TCA
DE cycle: acetate -> citrate -> isocitrate. The next step, however, is
DE different: instead of decarboxylation, isocitrate undergoes cleavage
DE into succinate and glyoxylate (the latter gives the cycle its name).
DE Succinate can be channeled directly into the citric acid cycle and
DE eventually form oxaloacetate. Glyoxylate condenses with acetyl-CoA,
DE yielding malate. Both malate and oxaloacetate can be converted into
DE phosphoenolpyruvate and gluconeogenesis can be initiated. The net
DE result of the glyoxylate cycle is therefore the production of glucose
DE from fatty acids. In plants the glyoxylate cycle occurs in special
DE peroxisomes which are called glyoxysomes. Vertebrates cannot perform
DE the cycle because they lack its two key enzymes: isocitrate lyase and
DE malate synthase.
SY glyoxylate bypass; glyoxylate shunt.
HI UPA00411; carbohydrate metabolism.
DR PubMed; 6378912.
DR GO; GO:0006097; P:glyoxylate cycle.
DR KEGG; map00020; Citrate cycle (TCA cycle).
DR KEGG; map00620; Pyruvate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00630; Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00680; Methane metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00710; Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms.
DR KEGG; map00720; Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b8550>.
//
ID D-tagatose 6-phosphate degradation.
AC UPA00704
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of D-tagatose 6-phosphate.
HI UPA00411; carbohydrate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00052; Galactose metabolism.
//
ID oxidative phosphorylation.
AC UPA00705
CL Pathway.
DE Oxidative phosphorylation is a metabolic pathway that uses energy
DE released by the oxidation of nutrients to produce adenosine
DE triphosphate (ATP).
SY respiratory-chain phosphorylation.
HI UPA00426; energy metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006119; P:oxidative phosphorylation.
//
ID p-cresol degradation.
AC UPA00708
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of para-cresol, a toxic phenol.
SY para-cresol degradation.
HI UPA00433; aromatic compound metabolism.
DR PubMed; 1267796.
DR PubMed; 10623531.
//
ID phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00711
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid compounds, the aromatic derivatives of
DE trans-cinnamic acid.
HI UPA00433; aromatic compound metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0009699; P:phenylpropanoid biosynthetic process.
//
ID trans-cinnamate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00713
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of cinnamic acid (3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid), a
DE phenylpropanoid compound.
SY (E)-cinnamic acid biosynthesis; 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid
SY biosynthesis; trans-cinnamic acid biosynthesis.
HI UPA00710; phenylpropanoid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0009800; P:cinnamic acid biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00360; Phenylalanine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00910; Nitrogen metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00940; Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID 3-phenylpropanoate degradation.
AC UPA00714
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of 3-phenylpropionic acid, a phenylpropanoid compound.
SY 3-phenylpropionate degradation; 3-phenylpropionic acid degradation.
HI UPA00433; aromatic compound metabolism.
DR PubMed; 9603882.
DR KEGG; map00360; Phenylalanine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00362; Benzoate degradation.
DR KEGG; map00621; Dioxin degradation.
DR KEGG; map00622; Xylene degradation.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID (R)-camphor degradation.
AC UPA00719
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of (R)-camphor, a white, crystalline solid monoterpene
DE ketone.
SY D-camphor degradation; (+)-camphor degradation.
HI UPA00423; terpene metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0019383; P:(+)-camphor catabolic process.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b8610>.
//
ID (R)-camphor biosynthesis.
AC UPA00720
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of (R)-camphor, a white, crystalline solid monoterpene
DE ketone.
SY (+)-camphor biosynthesis; D-camphor biosynthesis.
HI UPA00423; terpene metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0046211; P:(+)-camphor biosynthetic process.
//
ID linalool degradation.
AC UPA00721
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of linalool, a naturally-occurring terpene alcohol
DE compound found in many flowers and spice plants.
SY allo-ocimenol degradation; beta-linalool degradation; p-linalool
SY degradation; 2,6-dimethyl-2,7-octadien-6-ol degradation; linalyl
SY alcohol degradation; linaloyl oxide degradation.
HI UPA00423; terpene metabolism.
//
ID steroid degradation.
AC UPA00722
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of steroid compounds. A steroid is a terpenoid lipid
DE characterized by a carbon skeleton with four fused rings, generally
DE arranged in a 6-6-6-5 fashion. Steroids vary by the functional groups
DE attached to these rings and the oxidation state of the rings. Hundreds
DE of distinct steroids are found in plants, animals, and fungi. All
DE steroids are made in cells either from the sterol lanosterol (animals
DE and fungi) or the sterol cycloartenol (plants). Both sterols are
DE derived from the cyclization of the triterpene squalene.
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006706; P:steroid catabolic process.
//
ID quercetin degradation.
AC UPA00724
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of quercetin, the aglycone form of a number of other
DE flavonoid glycosides.
HI UPA00709; flavonoid metabolism.
DR PubMed; 14741339.
//
ID scopolamine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00725
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of scopolamine (hyoscine), a tropane alkaloid compound
DE with muscarinic antagonist effects. Scopolamine is obtained from
DE plants of the family Solanaceae (nightshades), such as henbane or
DE jimson weed (Datura species). It is among the secondary metabolites of
DE these plants.
SY hyoscine biosynthesis.
HI UPA00446; alkaloid biosynthesis.
//
ID phthalate degradation.
AC UPA00726
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of phtalate (benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate).
SY benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid degradation; benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
SY degradation.
HI UPA00105; xenobiotic degradation.
DR GO; GO:0046239; P:phthalate catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00624; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID coronatine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00727
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of coronatine, a phytotoxin produced by some plant-
DE pathogenic bacteria. It has been shown that coronatine mimics the
DE action of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in plants. MeJA is a plant-signaling
DE molecule involved in stress responses such as wounding and pathogen
DE attack. .
HI UPA00477; phytotoxin biosynthesis.
//
ID phenol degradation.
AC UPA00728
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of phenol. .
SY hydroxybenzene.
HI UPA00433; aromatic compound metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0019336; P:phenol-containing compound catabolic process.
//
ID 2-methylthio-N-6-(cis-hydroxy)isopentenyl adenosine-tRNA biosynthesis.
AC UPA00729
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of 2-methylthio-N-6-isopentenyl adenosine (ms2i6A), a
DE modified nucleoside present in position 37 (adjacent to and 3' of the
DE anticodon) of tRNAs that read codons beginning with U except tRNA(i.v.
DE Ser) in Escherichia coli. In Salmonella typhimurium, 2-methylthio-N-6
DE -(cis-hydroxy)isopentenyl adenosine (ms2io6A; also referred to as
DE 2-methylthio cis-ribozeatin) is found in tRNA, most likely in the
DE species that have ms2i6A in E. coli. .
SY 2-methylthio-cis-ribozeatin-tRNA biosynthesis; ms2io6A-tRNA
SY biosynthesis.
HI UPA00481; tRNA modification.
DR PubMed; 9620964.
DR PubMed; 8253666.
//
ID carboxydiphenyl ether degradation.
AC UPA00730
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of 3- and 4-carboxydiphenyl ether compounds.
HI UPA00433; aromatic compound metabolism.
DR PubMed; 7710319.
//
ID sabinene hydrate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00731
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of sabinene hydrate, a bicyclic monoterpene.
HI UPA00423; terpene metabolism.
DR PubMed; 9614092.
//
ID 4-aminobutanoate degradation.
AC UPA00733
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of 4-aminobutanoate (GABA; gamma-aminobutyrate;
DE 4-aminobutyrate).
SY GABA degradation; 4-aminobutyrate degradation; gamma-aminobutyrate
SY degradation; gamma-aminobutyric acid degradation.
HI UPA00427; amino-acid degradation.
DR GO; GO:0009450; P:gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bd450>.
//
ID acetylacetone degradation.
AC UPA00734
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of the diketone acetylacetone (pentane-2,4-dione;
DE 2,4-dioxopentane). Acetylacetone is a widely used industrial chemical
DE with toxic side effects including central neurotoxicity and possible
DE effects on the immune system of mammals, as well as toxicity towards
DE various aquatic organisms and micro-organisms. .
SY pentane-2,4-dione degradation; 2,4-dioxopentane degradation.
HI UPA00105; xenobiotic degradation.
DR PubMed; 12379146.
//
ID mannopine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00736
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of mannopine (N-1-(D-mannityl)-L-glutamine), the head
DE member of the mannityl family of opines. Mannopine is found in crown
DE gall tumors.
SY N-1-(D-mannityl)-L-glutamine biosynthesis.
HI UPA00735; opine metabolism.
DR PubMed; 1852015.
DR PubMed; 11386375.
//
ID octopine degradation.
AC UPA00737
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of octopine (N2-(D-l-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine), the first
DE opine discovered in 1927 in octopus muscle and later in crown gall
DE tumors. It is also found in other cephalopod species and
DE lamellibranchs. Octopine is the head member of the octopine family of
DE opines.
SY N2-(D-l-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine degradation.
HI UPA00735; opine metabolism.
DR PubMed; 8045881.
DR GO; GO:0019469; P:octopine catabolic process.
//
ID 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose degradation.
AC UPA00738
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose.
SY 1,5AnFru degradation.
HI UPA00411; carbohydrate metabolism.
DR PubMed; 15716041.
//
ID benzoyl-CoA degradation.
AC UPA00739
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of benzoyl-CoA. Many aromatic compounds are anaerobically
DE oxidized to CO2 via benzoyl-CoA as the common aromatic intermediate.
HI UPA00433; aromatic compound metabolism.
DR PubMed; 9746358.
//
ID 3-chloro-1,2-epoxypropane degradation.
AC UPA00740
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of 3-chloro-1,2-epoxypropane.
HI UPA00105; xenobiotic degradation.
//
ID phenylglucosinolate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00742
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of phenylglucosinolate.
SY phenyl-glucosinolate biosynthesis.
HI UPA00464; secondary metabolite biosynthesis.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7b50>.
//
ID butanol biosynthesis.
AC UPA00743
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of butanol, a primary alcohol with a molecular formula of
DE C4H10O. There are four isomeric structures for butanol. Clostridium
DE acetobutylicum is one of the few organisms known to produce 1-butanol
DE as a major fermentation product.
HI UPA00611; alcohol metabolism.
//
ID galactose biosynthesis.
AC UPA00745
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose.
HI UPA00411; carbohydrate metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0046369; P:galactose biosynthetic process.
//
ID dopamine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00747
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of dopamine (DA; 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol), a
DE catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of adrenaline
DE (epinephrine), noradrenaline (norepinephrine).
SY DA biosynthesis; 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol biosynthesis.
HI UPA00746; catecholamine biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0042416; P:dopamine biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00350; Tyrosine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00950; Isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00965; Betalain biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID (R)-noradrenaline biosynthesis.
AC UPA00748
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of L-noradrenaline (norepinephrine), an hormone produced
DE by the medulla of the adrenal glands.
SY L-noradrenaline biosynthesis.
HI UPA00746; catecholamine biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0042421; P:norepinephrine biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00350; Tyrosine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID (R)-adrenaline biosynthesis.
AC UPA00749
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of epinephrine, a hormone produced by the medulla of the
DE adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and
DE prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of
DE breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine.
SY adrenaline biosynthesis.
HI UPA00746; catecholamine biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0042418; P:epinephrine biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00350; Tyrosine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID catechol degradation.
AC UPA00750
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of catechol (1,2-dihydroxybenzene).
SY 1,2-dihydroxybenzene degradation; o-benzenediol degradation;
SY pyrocatechol degradation.
HI UPA00433; aromatic compound metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0019614; P:catechol catabolic process.
//
ID phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00753
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine, also called lecithin, a class of
DE phospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the
DE hydroxyl group of choline. Phosphatidylcholine is the most-abundant
DE phospholipid found in eukaryotic membranes. Additionally to its
DE structural function in membrane bilayers and lipoproteins,
DE phosphatidylcholine is involved in many signal transduction pathways.
DE Phosphatidylcholine has also been found in an increasing number of
DE bacteria, in particular in species that interact with eukaryotic
DE hosts.
SY 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine biosynthesis; lecithin
SY biosynthesis.
HI UPA00085; phospholipid metabolism.
DR PubMed; 14663079.
DR PubMed; 18978052.
DR GO; GO:0006656; P:phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00564; Glycerophospholipid metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00755
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate, a sulfated glycosaminoglycan
DE (GAG) composed of a chain of alternating sugars (N-acetylgalactosamine
DE and glucuronic acid). It is usually found attached to proteins as part
DE of a proteoglycan. .
HI UPA00441; glycan metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0030206; P:chondroitin sulfate biosynthetic process.
//
ID heparan sulfate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00756
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of heparan sulfate (HS), a linear polysaccharide found in
DE all animal tissues. Heparan sulfate is a member of the
DE glycosaminoglycan family of carbohydrates and is very closely related
DE in structure to heparin. The most common disaccharide unit within
DE heparan sulfate is composed of a glucuronic (GlcA) linked to
DE N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) typically making up around 50% of the
DE total disaccharide units. It is usually found attached to proteins as
DE part of a proteoglycan. .
HI UPA00441; glycan metabolism.
DR PubMed; 11121397.
DR PubMed; 11274177.
DR GO; GO:0015012; P:heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process.
//
ID dhurrin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00757
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of dhurrin, a tyrosine derived cyanogenic glucoside.
DE Dhurrin functions as a plant defense compound. Cyanogenic glucosides
DE are amino-acid-derived natural products. The ability to synthesize
DE these glucosides is common across many plant genera, including several
DE plant species that are important crop plants like sorghum (Sorghum
DE bicolor), cassava (Manihot esculenta), flax (Linum usitatissimum) and
DE almonds (Prunus dulcis). .
SY (S)-4-hydroxymandelonitrile beta-D-glucoside.
HI UPA00464; secondary metabolite biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 10585420.
DR PubMed; 11312134.
DR PubMed; 17706731.
DR GO; GO:0010132; P:dhurrin biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00460; Cyanoamino acid metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7b50>.
//
ID 3',5'-cyclic AMP degradation.
AC UPA00762
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of cAMP into AMP.
SY adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate degradation; cyclic AMP degradation;
SY 3',5'-cAMP degradation.
HI UPA00583; purine metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006198; P:cAMP catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00230; Purine metabolism.
//
ID 3',5'-cyclic GMP degradation.
AC UPA00763
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of cyclic GMP nucleotide into GMP.
SY cyclic GMP degradation; guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate degradation;
SY 3',5'-cGMP degradation.
HI UPA00583; purine metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0046069; P:cGMP catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00230; Purine metabolism.
//
ID cyclopentanol degradation.
AC UPA00764
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of cyclopentanol, a cyclic alcohol.
HI UPA00611; alcohol metabolism.
DR PubMed; 12406764.
DR GO; GO:0033022; P:cyclopentanol catabolic process.
//
ID ecdysteroid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00765
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of ecdysteroid compounds, a group of polyhydroxylated
DE ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development. [source: GO].
SY ecdysteroidogenesis; ecdysteroidogenic pathway.
HI UPA00062; steroid biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0045456; P:ecdysteroid biosynthetic process.
//
ID sterol biosynthesis.
AC UPA00766
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of sterol compounds (steroid alcohols), a subgroup of
DE steroids with a hydroxyl group in the 3-position of the A-ring. .
HI UPA00062; steroid biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0016126; P:sterol biosynthetic process.
//
ID lanosterol biosynthesis.
AC UPA00767
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of lanosterol, a tetracyclic triterpenoid precursor to
DE the whole family of steroids.
HI UPA00423; terpene metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00100; Steroid biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID ergosterol biosynthesis.
AC UPA00768
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of ergosterol (ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3beta-ol) from
DE zymosterol. Ergosterol is a sterol precursor to Vitamin D2 compounds.
HI UPA00504; steroid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0016126; P:sterol biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00100; Steroid biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bd210>.
//
ID estrogen biosynthesis.
AC UPA00769
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of estrogen (oestrogen) compounds, a group of steroid
DE compounds, named for their importance in the estrous cycle, and
DE functioning as the primary female sex hormone.
SY oestrogen biosynthesis.
HI UPA00062; steroid biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0006703; P:estrogen biosynthetic process.
//
ID zymosterol biosynthesis.
AC UPA00770
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of zymosterol (5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol), a
DE sterol precursor to cholesterol or ergosterol.
SY delta8,24-cholestadien-3beta-ol biosynthesis; 5alpha-cholesta-8,24
SY -dien-3beta-ol biosynthesis.
HI UPA00062; steroid biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00100; Steroid biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID D-erythroascorbate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00771
CL Pathway.
DE D-erythroascorbate (EASC), a five-carbon analog of L-ascorbate (ASC)
DE is present in some eukaryotic microorganisms where ASC is rare or
DE absent. In Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the
DE biosynthetic pathway of EASC from D-arabinose by D-arabinose
DE dehydrogenase and D-arabinono-1,4-lactone oxidase has been
DE established. EASC has biological properties similar to those of ASC.
DE Considering that some eukaryotic microorganisms produce EASC instead
DE of ASC, it is presumed that EASC may take the place of ASC in these
DE microorganisms. EASC has been proved an important antioxidant molecule
DE in S. cerevisiae, like ASC in animals and plants.
SY EASC biosynthesis; D-erythroascorbic acid biosynthesis.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 10094636.
DR PubMed; 8841374.
DR PubMed; 7957197.
DR PubMed; 9920381.
DR PubMed; 11349062.
//
ID decaprenyl phosphate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00772
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of decaprenyl phosphate, which plays a central role in
DE the biosynthesis of most features of the mycobacterial cell wall,
DE including peptidoglycan, linker unit galactan and arabinan.
HI UPA00085; phospholipid metabolism.
DR PubMed; 11152452.
DR PubMed; 10816587.
//
ID epidermin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00773
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of epidermin, a type A lantibiotics that is is
DE ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified.
DE Extracellular proteolytic cleavage of the N-terminal leader region is
DE most likely the last modification step in epidermin biosynthesis and
DE leads to the activation of the lantibiotic. .
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 12732329.
DR PubMed; 1740156.
DR PubMed; 1551392.
//
ID epothilone biosynthesis.
AC UPA00774
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of epothilone compounds, a class of macrolactone
DE cytotoxic molecules, including epothilone A, epothilone B, and
DE epothilone D, identified as potential chemotherapy drugs.
HI UPA00464; secondary metabolite biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0050814; P:epothilone biosynthetic process.
//
ID propylene degradation.
AC UPA00776
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of alkene compounds, unsaturated hydrcarbons containing at
DE least one carbon-to-carbon double bond.
SY propene degradation.
HI UPA00777; alkene metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0042208; P:propylene catabolic process.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bb090>.
//
ID ethanol biosynthesis via fermentation pathway.
AC UPA00778
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of ethanol during fermentation processes.
HI UPA00611; alcohol metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0043458; P:ethanol biosynthetic process involved in glucose
DR fermentation to ethanol.
//
ID ethanol degradation.
AC UPA00780
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of ethanol.
HI UPA00611; alcohol metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006068; P:ethanol catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00010; Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID ether lipid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00781
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of ether lipid compounds. Ether lipids are lipids in
DE which one or more of the carbon atoms on glycerol is bonded to an
DE alkyl chain via an ether linkage, as opposed to the usual ester
DE linkage.
HI UPA00230; glycerolipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0008611; P:ether lipid biosynthetic process.
//
ID Fe-Mo cofactor biosynthesis.
AC UPA00782
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of Fe-Mo, the cofactor of nitrogenase (iron-molybdenum
DE cofactor; FeMo-co). Fe-Mo cofactor is synthesized in a multistep
DE process catalysed by several Nif proteins and is finally inserted into
DE a pre-synthesized apo-dinitrogenase to generate mature dinitrogenase
DE protein.
SY iron-molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis; FeMo-co biosynthesis.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 17163967.
DR PubMed; 3470285.
//
ID ferrichrome biosynthesis.
AC UPA00783
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of siderophore ferrichrome.
HI UPA00302; siderophore biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 11395469.
DR PubMed; 8430103.
DR GO; GO:0031169; P:ferrichrome biosynthetic process.
//
ID fructoselysine degradation.
AC UPA00784
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of fructolysine, a fructose molecule containing a lysine
DE moiety in place of an hydroxyl group. Escherichia coli was found to
DE grow on fructoselysine as an energetic substrate at a rate of about
DE one-third of that observed with glucose.
HI UPA00411; carbohydrate metabolism.
DR PubMed; 12147680.
//
ID melanin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00785
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of melanin, any of the polyacetylene, polyaniline, and
DE polypyrrole "blacks" and "browns" or their mixed copolymers. The most
DE common form of biological melanin is a polymer of either or both of
DE two monomer molecules: indolequinone, and dihydroxyindole carboxylic
DE acid. Melanin exists in the plant, animal and protista kingdoms, where
DE it serves as a pigment. The presence of melanin in the archaea and
DE bacteria kingdoms is still an issue.
HI UPA00499; pigment biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0042438; P:melanin biosynthetic process.
//
ID sphingolipid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00786
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of sphingolipid compounds, any of a class of lipids
DE containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related
DE base (a sphingoid). There are three main types of sphingolipids:
DE ceramides, sphingomyelins and glycosphingolipids.
HI UPA00939; membrane lipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0030148; P:sphingolipid biosynthetic process.
//
ID galactosylceramide biosynthesis.
AC UPA00787
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of the sphingolipid compounds: galactosylceramide
DE (galactocerebroside).
SY galactocerebroside biosynthesis; D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine.
HI UPA00222; sphingolipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006682; P:galactosylceramide biosynthetic process.
//
ID glucocorticoid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00788
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of glucocorticoid compounds, a class of steroid hormones
DE (corticosteroids) characterised by an ability to bind with the
DE glucocorticoid receptor (GR).
HI UPA00062; steroid biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0006704; P:glucocorticoid biosynthetic process.
//
ID poly(glucopyranosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) teichoic acid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00789
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of poly(glucopyranosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate)
DE teichoic acid.
SY poly(glucopyranosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) TA
SY biosynthesis.
HI UPA00547; cell wall biogenesis.
//
ID poly(ribitol phosphate) teichoic acid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00790
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of poly(ribitol phosphate) teichoic acid.
SY poly(ribitol phosphate) TA biosynthesis.
HI UPA00547; cell wall biogenesis.
//
ID D-gluconate degradation.
AC UPA00792
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of D-gluconic acid. .
SY gluconate utilization system GNT-I.
HI UPA00857; carbohydrate acid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0046177; P:D-gluconate catabolic process.
//
ID L-idonate degradation.
AC UPA00793
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of L-idonate. The pathway for catabolism of L-idonate,
DE which proceeds via a D-gluconate intermediate, was originally thought
DE to be gluconate utilization system GntII.
SY gluconate utilization system GNT-II.
HI UPA00857; carbohydrate acid metabolism.
DR PubMed; 14973046.
DR GO; GO:0046183; P:L-idonate catabolic process.
//
ID glucosylglycerol biosynthesis.
AC UPA00795
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of glucosylglycerol, alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-
DE alpha-(1,2)-glycerol.
SY alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-(1,2)-glycerol biosynthesis.
HI UPA00441; glycan metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0051473; P:glucosylglycerol biosynthetic process.
//
ID UDP-alpha-D-xylose biosynthesis.
AC UPA00796
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of UDP-D-xylose, a nucleotide sugar used to initiate
DE glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis on the core protein of proteoglycans.
HI UPA00304; nucleotide-sugar biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 11877387.
DR GO; GO:0033320; P:UDP-D-xylose biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00500; Starch and sucrose metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00520; Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID UDP-L-arabinose biosynthesis.
AC UPA00797
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of the nucleotide sugar, UDP-arabinose.
HI UPA00304; nucleotide-sugar biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 12566589.
DR GO; GO:0033358; P:UDP-L-arabinose biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00520; Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID zeaxanthin diglucoside biosynthesis.
AC UPA00798
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of zeaxanthin diglucoside, a glycosylated xantophyll
DE carotenoid.
HI UPA00386; carotenoid biosynthesis.
//
ID phytoene biosynthesis.
AC UPA00799
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of phytoene, an acyclic carotene precursor to
DE carotenoids.
HI UPA00386; carotenoid biosynthesis.
//
ID delta-carotene biosynthesis.
AC UPA00801
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of delta-carotene, a cyclic carotene compound.
HI UPA00386; carotenoid biosynthesis.
//
ID beta-carotene biosynthesis.
AC UPA00802
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of beta-carotene, a cyclic carotene compound.
HI UPA00386; carotenoid biosynthesis.
//
ID lycopene biosynthesis.
AC UPA00803
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of lycopene, a bright red carotenoid pigment found in
DE tomatoes and other red fruits.
HI UPA00386; carotenoid biosynthesis.
//
ID alpha-zeacarotene biosynthesis.
AC UPA00804
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of alpha-zeacarotene, a cyclic carotene compound.
HI UPA00386; carotenoid biosynthesis.
//
ID beta-zeacarotene biosynthesis.
AC UPA00805
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of beta-zeacarotene, a cyclic carotene compound.
HI UPA00386; carotenoid biosynthesis.
//
ID capsanthin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00806
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of capsanthin, a xantophyll carotenoid.
HI UPA00386; carotenoid biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00906; Carotenoid biosynthesis.
//
ID capsorubin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00807
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of capsorubin, a xantophyll carotenoid.
HI UPA00386; carotenoid biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00906; Carotenoid biosynthesis.
//
ID dibenzofuran degradation.
AC UPA00808
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of dibenzofuran. Dibenzofuran is created as by-products
DE during industrial processes such as incineration, paper bleaching, and
DE chemical synthesis. It has also been used as an insecticide, and is
DE formed from the photolysis of chlorinated biphenyl ethers. Several
DE species of bacteria capable degrading dibenzofuran have been
DE identified, including Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Terrabacter,
DE Microbacterium, and Rhodococcus.
HI UPA00105; xenobiotic degradation.
DR PubMed; 8981980.
DR PubMed; 8226678.
DR GO; GO:0019340; P:dibenzofuran catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00621; Dioxin degradation.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bb090>.
//
ID dibenzo-p-dioxin degradation.
AC UPA00809
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of dibenzo-p-dioxin, a substance composed of two benzene
DE rings linked by two ether bonds. Dibenzo-p-dioxin is created as by-
DE products during industrial processes such as incineration, paper
DE bleaching, and chemical synthesis.
HI UPA00105; xenobiotic degradation.
DR GO; GO:0019341; P:dibenzo-p-dioxin catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00621; Dioxin degradation.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7fd0>.
//
ID D-xylose degradation.
AC UPA00810
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of D-xylose, a naturally occurring plant polysaccharide.
HI UPA00411; carbohydrate metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0042843; P:D-xylose catabolic process.
//
ID Vi-antigen biosynthesis.
AC UPA00811
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of Vi antigen, a capsular polysaccharide expressed by
DE Salmonella typhi, the agent of human typhoid fever.
HI UPA00441; glycan metabolism.
//
ID D-sorbitol degradation.
AC UPA00812
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of sorbitol, one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols.
SY D-glucitol degradation.
HI UPA00411; carbohydrate metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006062; P:sorbitol catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00051; Fructose and mannose metabolism.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7dd0>.
//
ID D-gluconate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00814
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of D-gluconic acid, an aldonic acid. .
HI UPA00857; carbohydrate acid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0046178; P:D-gluconate biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00030; Pentose phosphate pathway.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID D-sorbitol biosynthesis.
AC UPA00815
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of sorbitol, one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols.
SY D-glucitol biosynthesis.
HI UPA00411; carbohydrate metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006061; P:sorbitol biosynthetic process.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bb410>.
//
ID dTDP-6-deoxy-L-altrose biosynthesis.
AC UPA00816
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of dTDP-6-deoxy-L-altrose, a nucleotide sugar.
HI UPA00304; nucleotide-sugar biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 7692217.
//
ID dTDP-4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxygalactose biosynthesis.
AC UPA00817
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of dTDP-4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxygalactose
DE (dTDP-D-Fuc4NAc), a nucleotide sugar.
SY dTDP-D-Fuc4NAc biosynthesis.
HI UPA00304; nucleotide-sugar biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 7559340.
//
ID CDP-ascarylose biosynthesis.
AC UPA00818
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of CDP-ascarylose, one of the naturally occurring
DE 3,6-dideoxyhexoses usually confined to the cell wall
DE lipopolysaccharide of gram-negative bacteria.
HI UPA00304; nucleotide-sugar biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 8288541.
//
ID spermidine metabolism.
AC UPA00819
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of spermidine polyamine.
HI UPA00455; amine and polyamine metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0008216; P:spermidine metabolic process.
//
ID lacto-N-neotetraose biosynthesis.
AC UPA00820
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of lacto-N-neotetraose, an oligosaccharide found in the
DE terminal position of lipooligosaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis.
HI UPA00441; glycan metabolism.
//
ID exopolysaccharide EPS I biosynthesis.
AC UPA00821
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of exopolysaccharide EPS I. .
SY EPS I biosynthesis.
HI UPA00441; glycan metabolism.
DR PubMed; 7476194.
DR PubMed; 8626297.
//
ID histamine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00822
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of histamine (2-(4-imidazolyl)ethylamine). This
DE physiologically active amine is derived from the decarboxylation of
DE the amino-acid histidine, a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme
DE L-histidine decarboxylase. .
SY 2-(4-imidazolyl)ethylamine biosynthesis.
HI UPA00289; amine and polyamine biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 2216786.
DR PubMed; 15612036.
DR GO; GO:0001694; P:histamine biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00340; Histidine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID myo-inositol biosynthesis.
AC UPA00823
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of myo-inositol (cis-1,2,3,5-trans-4,6-cyclohexanehexol),
DE arbocyclic polyol that plays an important role as the structural basis
DE for a number of secondary messengers in eukaryotic cells, including
DE inositol phosphates, phosphatidylinositol (PI) and
DE phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) lipids. .
HI UPA00613; polyol metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006021; P:inositol biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00521; Streptomycin biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00562; Inositol phosphate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR KEGG; map04070; Phosphatidylinositol signaling system.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7f50>.
//
ID salicylate degradation.
AC UPA00824
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of salicylic acid, an intermediate in degradation of
DE phenol and naphtalene compounds. .
SY UPC00805 meta-cleavage pathway.
HI UPA00433; aromatic compound metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0046244; P:salicylic acid catabolic process.
//
ID trans-4-coumarate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00825
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of 4-coumaric acid (trans-4-hydroxycinnamic acid), a
DE phenylpropanoid compound.
SY 4-hydroxycinnamic acid biosynthesis; trans-4-hydroxycinnamic acid
SY biosynthesis; p-coumaric acid biosynthesis.
HI UPA00710; phenylpropanoid metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00360; Phenylalanine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00940; Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID spermine metabolism.
AC UPA00826
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of spermine by the addition of a propylamine moiety to
DE spermidine.
SY N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-butanediamine metabolism.
HI UPA00455; amine and polyamine metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0008215; P:spermine metabolic process.
//
ID poly(glycerol phosphate) teichoic acid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00827
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of poly(glycerol phosphate) teichoic acid.
SY poly(glycerol phosphate) TA biosynthesis.
HI UPA00547; cell wall biogenesis.
//
ID poly(glucosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) teichoic acid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00828
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of poly(glucosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate)
DE teichoic acid.
SY poly(glucosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) TA biosynthesis.
HI UPA00547; cell wall biogenesis.
//
ID nicotinate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00830
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of nicotinic acid, also known as niacin or vitamin B3, a
DE water-soluble vitamin. .
SY niacin biosynthesis; vitamin B3 biosynthesis; nicotinic acid
SY biosynthesis.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00760; Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID heme O biosynthesis.
AC UPA00834
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon
DE hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole
DE macrocycle. Heme O is a precursor in heme A biosyntesis. Warning: the
DE biochemical reactions composing this pathway are not yet clearly
DE defined.
HI UPA00677; porphyrin metabolism.
DR PubMed; 8082800.
DR PubMed; 1336371.
DR GO; GO:0048034; P:heme O biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00860; Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate degradation.
AC UPA00835
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (3-HPP) into
DE 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid.
DE 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid is ultimately degraded to KREBS
DE cycle intermediates. This pathway is common to 3-phenylpropionic acid
DE degradation pathway, so it is recorded in a separate pathway.
SY 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid degradation; 3-hydroxyphenylpropionate
SY degradation; 3-HPP degradation.
HI UPA00433; aromatic compound metabolism.
//
ID 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate degradation.
AC UPA00836
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid to KREBS cycle
DE intermediates. .
SY 2,3-dihydroxyphenylpropanoate degradation;
SY 2,3-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid degradation;
SY 2,3-dihydroxyphenylpropionate degradation.
HI UPA00433; aromatic compound metabolism.
//
ID melatonin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00837
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of melatonin (5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine), a naturally
DE occurring hormone found in most animals and some of other living
DE organisms, including algae.
SY 5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine.
HI UPA00433; aromatic compound metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0030187; P:melatonin biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00380; Tryptophan metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID amoeba cellulose biosynthesis.
AC UPA00838
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of amoeba cellulose.
HI UPA00441; glycan metabolism.
//
ID tartrate degradation.
AC UPA00839
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of tartrate, an aldaric acid that occurs naturally in many
DE plants, particularly grapes, bananas, and tamarinds, and is one of the
DE main acids found in wine.
SY 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid degradation; tartrate utilization;
SY tartaric acid degradation.
HI UPA00857; carbohydrate acid metabolism.
DR PubMed; 10339827.
DR PubMed; 7592429.
DR KEGG; map00630; Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism.
//
ID thiamine degradation.
AC UPA00841
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of thiamin (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin.
SY vitamin B1 degradation.
HI UPA00398; cofactor metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0009230; P:thiamine catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00730; Thiamine metabolism.
//
ID taxol biosynthesis.
AC UPA00842
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of the diterpenoid taxol (generic name paclitaxel).
DE Paclitaxel is a highly effective anticancer drug used widely in the
DE treatment of various carcinomas, melanomas, and sarcomas. This
DE structurally complex taxane diterpenoid (taxoid) was first isolated
DE from the bark of the Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia Nutt.).
SY paclitaxel biosynthesis.
HI UPA00446; alkaloid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 11524108.
DR GO; GO:0042617; P:paclitaxel biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00904; Diterpenoid biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID zeaxanthin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00843
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of zeaxanthin, one of the most common carotenoid alcohols
DE found in nature. It is the pigment that gives corn, saffron, and many
DE other plants their characteristic color.
HI UPA00386; carotenoid biosynthesis.
//
ID teichuronic acid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00844
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of teichuronic acid, a phosphate-free carbohydrate
DE polymer containing glucuronic acid.
HI UPA00547; cell wall biogenesis.
DR PubMed; 12473097.
DR PubMed; 10627039.
DR GO; GO:0050845; P:teichuronic acid biosynthetic process.
//
ID pectin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00845
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of
DE alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues.
SY poly(1,4-alpha-D-galacturonide) biosynthesis.
HI UPA00441; glycan metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0045489; P:pectin biosynthetic process.
//
ID serotonin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00846
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT), a monoamine
DE neurotransmitter. Serotonin is synthesized in serotonergic neurons in
DE the central nervous system (CNS) and enterochromaffin cells in the
DE gastrointestinal tract of animals including humans. Serotonin is also
DE found in many mushrooms and plants, including fruits and vegetables.
DE In plants, serotonin is implicated in several physiological roles such
DE as flowering, morphogenesis, and adaptation to environmental changes.
SY 5-HT biosynthesis; 5-hydroxytryptamine biosynthesis.
HI UPA00433; aromatic compound metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0042427; P:serotonin biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00380; Tryptophan metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00848
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of dihydroneopterin triphosphate, the first committed
DE intermediate in the biosynthetic pathways of tetrahydrofolate in
DE plants and microorganisms and of tetrahydrobiopterin in animals.
SY NH2TP biosynthesis;
SY 6-d-threo-1',2',3'-hydroxypropyl-7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate
SY biosynthesis.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00790; Folate biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00849
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (sapropterin, BH4, H4-biopterin).
DE Tetrahydrobiopterin is an essential cofactor of a set of enzymes that
DE are of central metabolic importance, i.e. the hydroxylases of the
DE three aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, of
DE ether lipid oxidase, and of the three nitric oxide synthase (NOS)
DE isoenzymes. Tetrahydrobiopterin is a naturally occurring essential
DE cofactor of the three aromatic amino acid hydroxylases;
DE phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase, tyrosine-3-hydroxylase and
DE tryptophan-5-hydroxylase. Tetrahydrobiopterin is also essential for
DE the synthesis of nitric oxide by nitric oxide synthase (NOS).
SY sapropterin biosynthesis; H4-biopterin biosynthesis;
SY 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis; BH4 biosynthesis.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 17220358.
DR GO; GO:0006729; P:tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00790; Folate biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00850
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamates, a group of folate
DE derivative compounds comprising tetrahydrofolate attached to a chain
DE of glutamate residues. In organisms that require exogenous folates for
DE growth (Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus faecalis, mammals), highly
DE anionic polyglutamate chain of folate (four glutamate residues or
DE more) retard transport through the cell membrane. This is the
DE mechanism thought to be responsible for the accumulation and
DE maintenance of cellular folate pools. cell membrane.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 18232714.
DR PubMed; 2688305.
DR GO; GO:0046901; P:tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate biosynthetic process.
//
ID mitomycin C biosynthesis.
AC UPA00851
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of mitomycin C, the first recognized bioreductive
DE alkylating agent, widely used clinically for antitumor therapy.
DE Mitomycinan are aziridine-containing natural products isolated from
DE Streptomyces lavendulae.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 10094699.
DR PubMed; 10099135.
//
ID morphine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00852
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of morphine, an isoquinolin alkaloid.
HI UPA00446; alkaloid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 2012614.
//
ID nisin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00853
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of nisin, a 34-residue antibacterial peptide (lantibiotic
DE family). Nisin is produced by several strains of Lactococcus lactis
DE and strongly inhibits the growth of a broad range of gram-positive
DE bacteria.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 8478324.
DR PubMed; 7689965.
//
ID nopaline degradation.
AC UPA00855
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of nopaline (N-(I-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)glutamic acid),
DE a rare amino-acid derivative.
HI UPA00427; amino-acid degradation.
DR PubMed; 8478324.
DR PubMed; 7689965.
//
ID 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate degradation.
AC UPA00856
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid, a product of pectin
DE or galacturonate degradation. .
HI UPA00857; carbohydrate acid metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00030; Pentose phosphate pathway.
DR KEGG; map00040; Pentose and glucuronate interconversions.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID heparin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00862
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of heparin.
HI UPA00441; glycan metabolism.
DR PubMed; 11274177.
DR GO; GO:0030210; P:heparin biosynthetic process.
//
ID butanoate metabolism.
AC UPA00863
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of butanoate (butyrate), a 4-carbon saturated
DE monocarboxylic acid. This fatty acid occurs in the form of esters in
DE animal fats and plant oils.
SY butyrate metabolism.
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0019605; P:butyrate metabolic process.
//
ID glycolate degradation.
AC UPA00864
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of glycolic acid into 3-phospho-D-glyceric acid (an
DE aldonic acid).
SY hydroxyacetic acid degradation; hydroxyethanoic acid degradation.
HI UPA00698; organic acid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0046296; P:glycolate catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00260; Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00561; Glycerolipid metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00630; Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID glycolate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00865
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of glycolic acid (hydroxyacetic acid, hydroxyethanoic
DE acid).
SY hydroxyacetic acid biosynthesis; hydroxyethanoic acid biosynthesis.
HI UPA00698; organic acid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0046295; P:glycolate biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00630; Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID Ehrlich pathway.
AC UPA00866
CL Pathway.
DE Catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (leucine, valine, and
DE isoleucine), aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and
DE trytophan), and the sulfur-containing amino acid (methionine) leads to
DE the formation of fusel acids and fusel alcohols.
HI UPA00427; amino-acid degradation.
DR PubMed; 18281432.
DR GO; GO:0000955; P:amino acid catabolic process via Ehrlich pathway.
//
ID L-lysine degradation via saccharopine pathway.
AC UPA00868
CL Pathway.
DE The mitochondrial pathway of L-lysine degradation via saccharopine is
DE the major mammalian pathway for lysine degradation.
HI UPA00427; amino-acid degradation.
DR GO; GO:0033512; P:L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA via
DR saccharopine.
DR KEGG; map00300; Lysine biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00310; Lysine degradation.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bd150>.
//
ID L-lysine degradation via acetylation pathway.
AC UPA00869
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of L-lysine via acetylation pathway. In this fungal
DE pathway, L-lysine is degraded to glutarate via acetylation of the
DE 6-amino group to the initial product N6-acetyl-L-lysine. This is
DE followed by transamination, oxidative decarboxylation, deacetylation,
DE transamination with loss of the second amino group, and oxidation to
DE glutarate.
HI UPA00427; amino-acid degradation.
DR PubMed; 8082161.
DR PubMed; 15229592.
DR GO; GO:0019473; P:L-lysine catabolic process to glutarate, by
DR acetylation.
DR KEGG; map00310; Lysine degradation.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bd090>.
//
ID L-lysine degradation via acetate pathway.
AC UPA00870
CL Pathway.
DE UPC00047 fermentation process into acetate, butanoate and ammonia.
SY UPC00047 fermentation.
HI UPA00427; amino-acid degradation.
DR PubMed; 10629195.
DR PubMed; 10839984.
DR PubMed; 17166837.
DR GO; GO:0019475; P:L-lysine catabolic process to acetate.
//
ID 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one biosynthesis.
AC UPA00872
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA), a cyclic
DE hydroxamic acid. This secondary metabolites found predominantly in
DE Gramineae such as many maize (Zea mays). .
SY DIBOA biosynthesis.
HI UPA00464; secondary metabolite biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 9235894.
DR KEGG; map00400; Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00402; Benzoxazinoid biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7f50>.
//
ID (R)-mandelate degradation.
AC UPA00873
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of mandelic acid. This pathway provides the means to allow
DE a variety of pseudomonads, including Pseudomonas putida, to use one or
DE both enantiomers of mandelic acid as the sole carbon source.
SY alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid degradation, a 8-carbon alpha-hydroxy
SY acid (AHA) ..
HI UPA00433; aromatic compound metabolism.
DR PubMed; 12670968.
DR PubMed; 2271624.
DR GO; GO:0019596; P:mandelate catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00627; Aminobenzoate degradation.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID HC-toxin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00874
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of HC-toxin, a cyclic tetrapeptide of structure
DE cyclo(D-Pro-L-Ala-D-Ala-L-Aeo), where Aeo stands for
DE 2-amino-9,10-epoxi-8-oxodecanoic acid HC-toxin is an essential
DE virulence determinant for the plant pathogenic fungus Cochliobolus
DE carbonum and an inhibitor of histone deacetylase. .
HI UPA00478; mycotoxin biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 16839576.
//
ID lovastatin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00875
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of lovastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor produced by
DE the fungus Aspergillus terreus. Lovastatin is composed of two
DE polyketide chains.
HI UPA00473; polyketide biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 10381407.
//
ID leukotriene A4 biosynthesis.
AC UPA00877
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of leukotriene A4 (LTA4).
SY LTA4 biosynthesis.
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
//
ID leukotriene B4 biosynthesis.
AC UPA00878
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of leukotriene B4 (LTB4).
SY LTB4 biosynthesis.
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
//
ID leukotriene C4 biosynthesis.
AC UPA00879
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of leukotriene C4 (LTC4).
SY LTC4 biosynthesis.
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
//
ID leukotriene D4 biosynthesis.
AC UPA00880
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of leukotriene D4 (LTD4).
SY LTD4 biosynthesis.
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
//
ID hydroperoxy eicosatetraenoic acid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00881
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of hydroperoxy (e)icosatetraenoic acids (HPETEs), the
DE primary products of lipoxygenase-catalysed oxygenation of arachidonic
DE acid.
SY HPETE biosynthesis.
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
//
ID leukotriene B4 degradation.
AC UPA00883
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of leukotriene B4 (LTB4).
SY LTB4 degradation.
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
//
ID protein neddylation.
AC UPA00885
CL Pathway.
DE Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 (RUB1) to
DE another protein.
HI UPA00460; protein modification.
DR PubMed; 11698580.
DR GO; GO:0045116; P:protein neddylation.
//
ID protein sumoylation.
AC UPA00886
CL Pathway.
DE Covalent modification of cellular proteins by the ubiquitin-like
DE modifier SUMO. Protein sumoylation regulates various cellular
DE processes, such as nuclear transport, signal transduction, stress
DE response and cell-cycle progression. .
HI UPA00460; protein modification.
DR PubMed; 11265250.
DR GO; GO:0016925; P:protein sumoylation.
//
ID limonene degradation.
AC UPA00888
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of limonene (4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene), a
DE monocyclic monoterpene. Limonene is the most widespread terpene in the
DE world and is formed by more than 300 plants.
SY DL-limonene degradation; cajeputene degradation; kautschin
SY degradation; 4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene degradation.
HI UPA00423; terpene metabolism.
DR PubMed; 10224006.
DR GO; GO:0046251; P:limonene catabolic process.
//
ID melamine degradation.
AC UPA00889
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of melamine (1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine). Melamine is a
DE metabolite of cyromazine, a pesticide. It is formed in the body of
DE mammals who have ingested cyromazine. It was also reported that
DE cyromazine is converted to melamine in plants.
SY 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine degradation.
HI UPA00105; xenobiotic degradation.
DR PubMed; 7592318.
//
ID lignin degradation.
AC UPA00892
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of lignin, a class of polymers of phenylpropanoid units.
HI UPA00465; secondary metabolite metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0046274; P:lignin catabolic process.
//
ID diglucosyl-diacylglycerol biosynthesis.
AC UPA00894
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of diglucosyl-diacylglycerol, a component of membrane
DE glycolipids.
HI UPA00505; glycolipid metabolism.
DR PubMed; 16936038.
DR PubMed; 10515954.
DR PubMed; 16199561.
DR PubMed; 12618464.
DR GO; GO:0009246; P:enterobacterial common antigen biosynthetic process.
//
ID methylamine degradation.
AC UPA00895
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of methylamine into formaldehyde (methanal).
SY formaldehyde biosynthesis; methanal biosynthesis.
HI UPA00445; one-carbon metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00680; Methane metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA degradation.
AC UPA00896
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of HMG-CoA ((S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA) into
DE acetoacetic acid. HMG-CoA is an intermediate in the mevalonic acid and
DE leucine degradation pathways. .
SY (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA; ketone biosynthesis; ketogenesis.
HI UPA00496; metabolic intermediate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00072; Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies.
DR KEGG; map00280; Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation.
DR KEGG; map00650; Butanoate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID glyceollin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00898
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of glyceollins. The glyceollins belong to the
DE isoflavonoid phytoalexins.
HI UPA00421; phytoalexin biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 1840523.
//
ID methoxydianthramide B biosynthesis.
AC UPA00900
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of methoxydianthramide B
DE (N-benzoyl-4-O-methoxyanthranilate), a phenylpropanoid phytoalexin.
SY N-benzoyl-4-O-methoxyanthranilate biosynthesis.
HI UPA00421; phytoalexin biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 9869425.
//
ID pterocarpan phytoalexin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00901
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of pterocarpan phytoalexins (medicarpin and maackian).
HI UPA00421; phytoalexin biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 1915347.
//
ID medicarpin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00902
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of medicarpin, the major phytoalexin in alfalfa.
DE Medicarpin is synthesized via the isoflavonoid branch of
DE phenylpropanoid metabolism.
HI UPA00421; phytoalexin biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 1915347.
DR PubMed; 9484461.
//
ID L-methionine biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
AC UPA00904
CL Pathway.
DE The methionine salvage pathway (MSP) is an important metabolic pathway
DE in maintaining the amount of L-methionine as the amount of methionine
DE in cells is typically limiting and its de novo biosynthesis is
DE energetically expensive. Therefore, L-methionine is salvaged from
DE S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine (MTA), the end-product of spermidine
DE biosynthesis.
SY 2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid salvage; methionine salvage
SY pathway (MSP).
HI UPA00402; amino-acid biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0019509; P:L-methionine salvage from methylthioadenosine.
DR KEGG; map00270; Cysteine and methionine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) biosynthesis.
AC UPA00906
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec). If the pathway for
DE selenocysteine biosynthesis differs in bacteria from that present in
DE eukaryotes and archaea; tRNA(Sec) remains a common factor for
DE selenocysteine formation among the three kingdoms.
HI UPA00905; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00450; Selenocompound metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00970; Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis.
//
ID 2-deoxystreptamine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00907
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of 2-deoxystreptamine (DOS).
SY DOS biosynthesis.
HI UPA00415; metabolic intermediate biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 14969406.
DR PubMed; 15313224.
DR PubMed; 14757238.
DR KEGG; map00524; Butirosin and neomycin biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID ppGpp biosynthesis.
AC UPA00908
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of ppGpp (guanosine tetraphosphate, guanosine
DE 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate), a derivative of guanine riboside. The
DE stringent response to amino acid starvation, whereby stable RNA
DE synthesis is curtailed in favour of transcription of amino acid
DE biosynthetic genes, is controlled by the alarmone ppGpp.
SY 5'-ppGpp-3' biosynthesis; guanosine tetraphosphate biosynthesis;
SY guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate biosynthesis.
HI UPA00583; purine metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0015970; P:guanosine tetraphosphate biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00230; Purine metabolism.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b8dd0>.
//
ID GMP biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
AC UPA00909
CL Pathway.
DE GMP biosynthesis from guanine (salvage pathway).
SY guanosine monophosphate biosynthesis via salvage pathway; guanosine
SY 5'-phosphate biosynthesis via salvage pathway; GMP salvage.
HI UPA00583; purine metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0032263; P:GMP salvage.
DR KEGG; map00230; Purine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID sulfatase oxidation.
AC UPA00910
CL Pathway.
DE Maturation of sulfatase through oxidation of a specific cysteine to
DE Calpha-formylglycine (Fgly), a catalytic residue in their active site.
HI UPA00460; protein modification.
DR PubMed; 9342345.
DR PubMed; 16368756.
//
ID retinol metabolism.
AC UPA00912
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of retinol, the animal form of vitamin A. Retinol is a fat-
DE soluble vitamin important in vision and bone growth. It belongs to the
DE family of chemical compounds known as retinoids.
SY vitamin A metabolism.
HI UPA00398; cofactor metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0042572; P:retinol metabolic process.
//
ID myo-inositol metabolism.
AC UPA00914
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of myo-inositol (cis-1,2,3,5-trans-4,6-cyclohexanehexol),
DE arbocyclic polyol that plays an important role as the structural basis
DE for a number of secondary messengers in eukaryotic cells, including
DE inositol phosphates, phosphatidylinositol (PI) and
DE phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) lipids. .
HI UPA00613; polyol metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006020; P:inositol metabolic process.
//
ID mycolic acid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00915
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of mycolic acids. Mycolic acids are essential elements of
DE the mycobacterial envelope.
HI UPA00436; lipid metabolism.
DR PubMed; 9044265.
//
ID D-ribose degradation.
AC UPA00916
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of D-ribose carbohydrate. D-ribose, which can serve as a
DE total source of carbon and energy for E. coli, enters the cell via a
DE high-affinity ABC transport system and hence in unphosphorylated form.
DE The ribose ABC transporter facilitates transport of
DE beta-D-ribopyranose. which is converted to furanose forms of
DE beta-D-ribose. Interconversion of the alpha- and beta-anomers of
DE D-ribofuranose is fast and spontaneous. It is then converted to
DE D-ribose-5-phosphate, an intermediate of the pentose phosphate
DE pathway.
HI UPA00411; carbohydrate metabolism.
DR PubMed; 15060078.
DR GO; GO:0019303; P:D-ribose catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00030; Pentose phosphate pathway.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7c10>.
//
ID poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00917
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB), a homopolymer of
DE D-(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate that belongs to a family of naturally
DE occurring, biodegradable polyesters, known as polyhydroxyalkanoates
DE (PHA). PHB is a storage material produced by a variety of bacteria in
DE response to environmental stress. PHA act as reserve compounds for
DE carbon, energy, and reducing equivalents and are of interest because
DE their material properties make them a potential alternative to some
DE petroleum-based thermoplastics.
SY polyhydroxybutyrate biosynthesis; PHB biosynthesis.
HI UPA00316; biopolymer metabolism.
DR PubMed; 15691921.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7bd0>.
//
ID patulin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00918
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of patulin, a mycotoxin produced by 14 species of the
DE genus Penicillium and is most likely to be found in fruits, silage and
DE dung. Patulin is also an antibiotic.
HI UPA00478; mycotoxin biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 2209605.
//
ID 2-oxosuberate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00919
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of 2-oxosuberate (alpha-ketosuberate), a precursor to
DE coenzyme B (7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate) and biotin.
SY alpha-ketosuberate biosynthesis.
HI UPA00698; organic acid metabolism.
DR PubMed; 9665716.
DR PubMed; 10940051.
//
ID pyruvate fermentation.
AC UPA00920
CL Pathway.
DE Conversion of pyruvate (the final product of glycolysis) to formic
DE acid in the absence of oxygen.
HI UPA00553; fermentation.
DR KEGG; map00620; Pyruvate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00650; Butanoate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID mRNA capping.
AC UPA00922
CL Pathway.
DE The 5' ends of most eukaryotic mRNAs and many viral mRNAs harbor a
DE m7GpppN cap structure that plays a critical role in the translation
DE and stability of mRNAs. Biosynthesis of this cap structure involves
DE three distinct enzymatic activities: (i) the 5' end of pre-mRNAs is
DE initially hydrolyzed to a diphosphate end by an RNA triphosphatase;
DE (ii) the diphosphate end of the mRNA is then capped with GMP by an RNA
DE guanylyltransferase, and finally, (iii) the cap is methylated by an
DE RNA (guanine-7) methyltransferase. Addition of the 7-methylguanosine
DE cap to the 5' end of a eukaryotic mRNA transcript.
SY messenger RNA capping.
HI UPA00921; mRNA processing.
DR PubMed; 11051760.
DR PubMed; 18298088.
DR GO; GO:0006370; P:mRNA capping.
//
ID nitrobenzene degradation.
AC UPA00923
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of nitrobenzene. Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS45
DE utilizes nitrobenzene as the sole source of nitrogen, carbon, and
DE energy. Some studies have shown that degradation of nitrobenzene
DE involves the reduction of nitrobenzene to nitrosobenzene and
DE hydroxylaminobenzene, followed by rearrangement to 2-aminophenol,
DE which then undergoes meta ring cleavage to 2-aminomuconic
DE semialdehyde. Comamonas sp. JS765 can also use nitrobenzene as the
DE sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. It inserts dioxygen
DE directly into nitrobenzene, with concomitant reduction of the
DE substrate to form catechol.
HI UPA00105; xenobiotic degradation.
DR PubMed; 9573204.
DR PubMed; 9471964.
//
ID oleoresin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00924
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of oleoresin, a complex mixture of mono-, sesqui-, and
DE diterpenoids that accumulates at the wound site to kill invaders and
DE both flush and seal the injury.
HI UPA00423; terpene metabolism.
DR PubMed; 11337413.
//
ID stachyose biosynthesis.
AC UPA00925
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of stachyose, the tetrasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl a
DE lpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D
DE -glucopyranoside.
HI UPA00441; glycan metabolism.
DR PubMed; 11675396.
DR GO; GO:0033532; P:stachyose biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00052; Galactose metabolism.
//
ID oxytetracycline biosynthesis.
AC UPA00926
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of oxytetracycline, an acetate-derived polyketide
DE antibiotic that belongs to the broad-spectrum tetracycline group.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 8163168.
//
ID formaldehyde assimilation via serine pathway.
AC UPA00927
CL Pathway.
DE The serine cycle for formaldehyde assimilation (QSC) is the main
DE assimilatory pathway for methylotrophic growth. .
SY serine cycle; serine pathway.
HI UPA00445; one-carbon metabolism.
DR PubMed; 8509332.
DR PubMed; 16237034.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7b50>.
//
ID methanol degradation.
AC UPA00928
CL Pathway.
DE Conversion of methanol into forrmaldehyde. .
SY formaldehyde biosynthesis.
HI UPA00445; one-carbon metabolism.
DR PubMed; 1644761.
DR GO; GO:0046170; P:methanol catabolic process.
DR KEGG; map00680; Methane metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID succinyl-CoA degradation.
AC UPA00929
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of succinyl-CoA into acetoacetyl-CoA.
HI UPA00408; ketone metabolism.
DR PubMed; 12463743.
DR KEGG; map00072; Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies.
DR KEGG; map00280; Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation.
DR KEGG; map00650; Butanoate metabolism.
//
ID phenylacetate degradation.
AC UPA00930
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of phenylacetic acid (PAA, benzeneacetic acid), an organic
DE compound containing a phenyl functional group and an acetic acid
DE functional group. Phenylacetic acid is a common source of carbon and
DE energy for a wide variety of microorganisms.
SY benzeneacetic acid degradation; PA degradation; PAA degradation.
HI UPA00433; aromatic compound metabolism.
DR PubMed; 17259607.
DR PubMed; 9748275.
DR GO; GO:0010124; P:phenylacetate catabolic process.
//
ID capsule polysaccharide biosynthesis.
AC UPA00934
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of polysaccharides that make up the capsule, a
DE mucopolysaccharide protective structure surrounding some species of
DE bacteria and fungi.
SY CPS biosynthesis; capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis.
HI UPA00933; capsule biogenesis.
DR GO; GO:0045227; P:capsule polysaccharide biosynthetic process.
//
ID slime polysaccharide biosynthesis.
AC UPA00936
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of polysaccharides in the slime layer, a diffused layer
DE of polysaccharide exterior to the bacterial cell wall.
HI UPA00935; slime biogenesis.
DR GO; GO:0045228; P:slime layer polysaccharide biosynthetic process.
//
ID p-cumate degradation.
AC UPA00937
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of p-cumic acid, an aromatic hydrocarbon compound.
SY p-cumic acid degradation; p-isopropylbenzoic acid degradation.
HI UPA00433; aromatic compound metabolism.
DR PubMed; 8631713.
DR KEGG; map00360; Phenylalanine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00362; Benzoate degradation.
DR KEGG; map00621; Dioxin degradation.
DR KEGG; map00622; Xylene degradation.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID glycerophospholipid metabolism.
AC UPA00940
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate
DE that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group
DE attached to the glycerol residue.
HI UPA00939; membrane lipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006650; P:glycerophospholipid metabolic process.
//
ID phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway.
AC UPA00944
CL Pathway.
DE Phosphatidylinositol is the substrate for a large number of enzymes
DE which are involved in cell signaling because it can be phosphorylated
DE by a variety of kinases on the hydroxyl groups 3, 4 and 5 on the
DE inositol ring in seven different combinations.
HI UPA00943; signal transduction.
//
ID propanoyl-CoA degradation.
AC UPA00945
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of propionyl-CoA.
HI UPA00496; metabolic intermediate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00280; Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation.
DR KEGG; map00630; Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00640; Propanoate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00720; Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID propanoate degradation.
AC UPA00946
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of propionic acid, an organic acid.
SY propionate degradation; propionic acid degradation.
HI UPA00698; organic acid metabolism.
//
ID phosphatidylserine biosynthesis.
AC UPA00948
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of phosphatidylserines, any of a class of
DE glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to
DE the hydroxyl group of L-serine. [source: GO].
HI UPA00085; phospholipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006659; P:phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process.
//
ID phosphatidylinositol metabolism.
AC UPA00949
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid with its sn-
DE glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of
DE 1D-myo-inositol. [source: GO].
HI UPA00085; phospholipid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0046488; P:phosphatidylinositol metabolic process.
//
ID photorespiration.
AC UPA00951
CL Pathway.
DE Photorespiration involves three organelles: the chloroplast, the
DE peroxisome, and the mitochondria. At conditions of low CO2
DE concentration and high O2 concentration, ribulose bisphosphate is
DE oxidized to 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycolate. The two-carbon
DE molecule, 2-phosphoglycolate is converted to glycine. The
DE decarboxylation of two glycines generates serine, CO2 and NH3. Serine
DE is further converted to 3-phosphoglycerate. 3-phosphoglycerate
DE generated from photorespiration re-enters the CO2 fixation Calvin
DE cycle. NH3 is re-fixed by glutamine synthetase. The outcome of
DE photorespiration is loss of CO2 and energy in photosynthetic cells.
DE The biological function of photorespiration is not clear. One
DE possibility is that photorespiration is necessary under conditions of
DE high light intensity and low CO2 concentration (i.e. when stomata is
DE closed under water stress) to dissipate excess ATP and reducing power
DE from the photosynthesis light reactions, thus to prevent damage to the
DE photosynthetic apparatus. [MetaCyc].
SY C2 photorespiratory carbon oxidation cycle; C2 pathway; PCO cycle;
SY oxidative photosynthetic carbon pathway.
HI UPA00091; photosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0009854; P:oxidative photosynthetic carbon pathway.
DR KEGG; map00260; Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00460; Cyanoamino acid metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00561; Glycerolipid metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00630; Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00670; One carbon pool by folate.
DR KEGG; map00680; Methane metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bc290>.
//
ID proanthocyanidin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00952
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins (oligomeric proanthocyanidins or
DE OPCs), a class of flavonoid complexes found in sea buckthorn oil and
DE grape seeds and skin. Proanthocyanidin act as antioxidants (free
DE radical scavengers) in the human body.
HI UPA00709; flavonoid metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0010023; P:proanthocyanidin biosynthetic process.
//
ID spore coat polysaccharide biosynthesis.
AC UPA00953
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of spore coat polysaccharides.
HI UPA00950; spore coat biogenesis.
//
ID vitamin D biosynthesis.
AC UPA00954
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of vitamin D, a group of fat-soluble prohormones, the two
DE major forms of which are vitamin D2 (or ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3
DE (or cholecalciferol). The term vitamin D also refers to metabolites
DE and other analogues of these substances. Vitamin D3 is produced in
DE skin exposed to sunlight, specifically ultraviolet B radiation.
HI UPA00435; hormone biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0042368; P:vitamin D biosynthetic process.
//
ID cholecalciferol biosynthesis.
AC UPA00955
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3).
SY vitamin D(3) biosythesis.
HI UPA00435; hormone biosynthesis.
//
ID L-fucose metabolism.
AC UPA00956
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of the methylpentose L-fucose (6-deoxygalactose).
SY 6-deoxygalactose metabolism.
HI UPA00411; carbohydrate metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0006004; P:fucose metabolic process.
//
ID N-glycan metabolism.
AC UPA00957
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of asparagine (N)-linked oligosaccharides (N-glycans).
SY N-linked oligosaccharide metabolism.
HI UPA00441; glycan metabolism.
//
ID LPS core biosynthesis.
AC UPA00958
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of the core region of bacterial lipopolysaccharides
DE (LPS).
SY lipopolysaccharide core biosynthesis.
HI UPA00324; bacterial outer membrane biogenesis.
DR GO; GO:0009244; P:lipopolysaccharide core region biosynthetic process.
//
ID phosphonate biosynthesis.
AC UPA00960
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of phosphonates, i.e organic compounds containing one or
DE more C-PO(OH)2 or C-PO(OR)2 (with R=alkyl, aryl) groups.
HI UPA00959; phosphorus metabolism.
DR PubMed; 10571990.
DR GO; GO:0032923; P:phosphonate biosynthetic process.
//
ID ginkgolide biosynthesis.
AC UPA00961
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of ginkgolide derivatives, biologically active terpenic
DE lactones present in Ginkgo biloba. Ginkgolides have a diterpenoid
DE structure, i.e. it has 20-carbon skeleton and are synthesized from
DE geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate.
HI UPA00423; terpene metabolism.
//
ID cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis.
AC UPA00963
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of polysaccharides that make up the cell wall.
HI UPA00547; cell wall biogenesis.
DR GO; GO:0045227; P:capsule polysaccharide biosynthetic process.
//
ID butirosin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00964
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of butirosin, a water-soluble aminoglycosidic antibiotic
DE complex isolated from fermentation filtrates of bacillus circulans.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 12374384.
//
ID kanamycin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00965
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of kanamycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
//
ID gentamicin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00967
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
//
ID lividomycin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00968
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of lividomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
//
ID neomycin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00969
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of neomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
//
ID paromomycin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00970
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of paromomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
//
ID tobramycin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00971
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of tobramycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
//
ID ribostamycin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00972
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of ribostamycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
//
ID LPS lipid A biosynthesis.
AC UPA00973
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of lipid A, the glycolipid moiety of bacterial
DE lipopolysaccharides, consisting of six fatty acyl chains linked to two
DE glucosamine residues.
SY lipopolysaccharide lipid A biosynthesis.
HI UPA00324; bacterial outer membrane biogenesis.
DR GO; GO:0009245; P:lipid A biosynthetic process.
//
ID pentalenolactone biosynthesis.
AC UPA00974
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of pentalenolactone, a sesquiterpenoid antibiotic, first
DE isolated in 1957 from Streptomyces roseogriseus and subsequently found
DE in the extracts of numerous Streptomyces species. Pentalenolactone has
DE been shown to be active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative
DE bacteria as well as a variety of fungi and protozoa and to inhibit the
DE replication of DNA viruses such as HSV-1 and HSV-2. Pentalenolactone
DE also inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 16681390.
//
ID prenylquinone biosynthesis.
AC UPA00975
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of prenylquinone, a group of benzoquinone (ubiquinone,
DE plastoquinone) with isoprenyl side chain.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 10198110.
//
ID LOS core biosynthesis.
AC UPA00976
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of the core region of bacterial lipoolidosaccharides
DE (LOS).
HI UPA00324; bacterial outer membrane biogenesis.
//
ID S-layer biogenesis.
AC UPA00977
CL Pathway.
DE Biogenesis of S-layer structure, a crystalline protein layer
DE surrounding some bacteria.
HI UPA00932; cell surface structure biogenesis.
DR GO; GO:0045232; P:S-layer organization.
//
ID calcium-dependent antibiotic biosynthesis.
AC UPA00979
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of the calcium-dependent antibiotics (CDAs). CDAs belong
DE to the group of structurally related acidic lipopetide antibiotics,
DE which include A54145, daptomycin, friulimicins and amphomycins. All of
DE these nonribosomally biosynthesized lipopeptides contain N-terminal
DE fatty acid side chains, which is a trans-2,3-epoxyhexanoyl moiety in
DE the case of CDA, along with decapeptide lactone or lactam cores. .
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 17373765.
DR PubMed; 17322197.
//
ID colanic acid biosynthesis.
AC UPA00980
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of colanic acid (M-antigen), an exopolysaccharide common
DE to many enterobacteria.
SY M-antigen biosynthesis.
HI UPA00631; exopolysaccharide biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0009242; P:colanic acid biosynthetic process.
//
ID quinolobactin biosynthesis.
AC UPA00981
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of quinolobactin (8-hydroxy-4-methoxy-quinaldic acid), a
DE siderophore produced by some pseudomonas species.
SY 8-hydroxy-4-methoxy-quinaldic acid biosynthesis.
HI UPA00302; siderophore biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 10653708.
DR PubMed; 15066027.
//
ID limonene biosynthesis.
AC UPA00982
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of limonene (4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene), a
DE monocyclic monoterpene. Limonene is the most widespread terpene in the
DE world and is formed by more than 300 plants.
SY 4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene biosynthesis.
HI UPA00423; terpene metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0046250; P:limonene biosynthetic process.
//
ID (4R)-limonene biosynthesis.
AC UPA00983
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of D-limonene ((+)-4R-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene),
DE a monocyclic monoterpene.
SY alpha-limonene biosynthesis; (+)-4R-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
SY biosynthesis; D-limonene biosynthesis; (+)-limonene biosynthesis.
HI UPA00423; terpene metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00902; Monoterpenoid biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID (4S)-limonene biosynthesis.
AC UPA00984
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of L-limonene ((-)-4S-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene),
DE a monocyclic monoterpene.
SY (-)-limonene biosyntesis; (-)-4S-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
SY biosynthesis; L-limonene biosynthesis; beta-limonene biosynthesis.
HI UPA00423; terpene metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00902; Monoterpenoid biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID (-)-alpha-pinene biosynthesis.
AC UPA00985
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of (-)-alpha-pinene
DE ((1S,5S)-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene), a bicyclic
DE monoterpene. It is produced from geranyl pyrophosphate, via
DE cyclisation of linaloyl pyrophosphate followed by loss of a proton
DE from the carbocation equivalent.
SY (1S,5S)-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene; (-)-alpha-pinene
SY biosyntesis.
HI UPA00423; terpene metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0046248; P:alpha-pinene biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00902; Monoterpenoid biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID (-)-beta-pinene biosynthesis.
AC UPA00986
CL Pathway.
DE It is produced from geranyl pyrophosphate, via cyclisation of linaloyl
DE pyrophosphate followed by loss of a proton from the carbocation
DE equivalent.
SY (1S,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane; (-)-beta-pinene
SY biosyntesis.
HI UPA00423; terpene metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00902; Monoterpenoid biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID (4R)-limonene degradation.
AC UPA00987
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of (4R)-limonene (4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene), a
DE monocyclic monoterpene.
SY alpha-limonene degradation; (+)-4R-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
SY degradation; D-limonene degradation; (+)-limonene degradation.
HI UPA00423; terpene metabolism.
DR PubMed; 10224006.
DR KEGG; map00902; Monoterpenoid biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00903; Limonene and pinene degradation.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
//
ID 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine-tRNA biosynthesis.
AC UPA00988
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine-tRNA. The wobble
DE modification, 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine (mcm5s2U), is
DE required for the proper decoding of NNR codons in eukaryotes.
SY mcm5s2U-tRNA biosynthesis; mcm(5)s(2)U-tRNA biosynthesis.
HI UPA00481; tRNA modification.
DR PubMed; 19151091.
//
ID N(7)-methylguanine-tRNA biosynthesis.
AC UPA00989
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of N(7)-methylguanine-tRNA. 7-methylguanosine (m7G)
DE modification of tRNA occurs widely in eukaryotes and bacteria, is
DE nearly always found at position 46, and is one of the few
DE modifications that confers a positive charge to the base.
SY m7G-tRNA biosynthesis.
HI UPA00481; tRNA modification.
DR PubMed; 12403464.
//
ID L-ascorbate biosynthesis via GDP-alpha-D-mannose pathway.
AC UPA00990
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid from GDP-D-mannose.
SY Smirnoff-Wheeler's pathway.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 11337405.
DR PubMed; 11005203.
DR KEGG; map00053; Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00520; Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7e90>.
//
ID L-ascorbate biosynthesis via UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate pathway.
AC UPA00991
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid from UDP-glucuronic acid. This pathway
DE occurs in most vertebrates, although not in guinea pigs and primates,
DE including humans.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00040; Pentose and glucuronate interconversions.
DR KEGG; map00053; Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7d50>.
//
ID 2-arachidonoylglycerol biosynthesis.
AC UPA00993
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), an endogenous lipid
DE that activates brain canabinoid receptors. 2-arachidonoylglycerol is
DE an endocannabinoid. There are two possible routes of 2-AG biosynthesis
DE in neurons [PMID:12843414]. Phospholipase C (PLC)-mediated hydrolysis
DE of membrane phospholipids may produce 1,2-diacylglycerol, which may be
DE subsequently converted to 2-arachidonoylglycerol by diacylglycerol
DE lipase (DGL) activity. Alternatively, phospholipase A1 (PLA1) may
DE generate a lysophospholipid, which may be hydrolyzed to
DE 2-arachidonoylglycerol by a lyso-PLC activity. .
SY sn-2-arachidonoyl-glycerol biosynthesis; 2-AG biosynthesis.
HI UPA00435; hormone biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 12843414.
//
ID phylloquinone biosynthesis.
AC UPA00995
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of phylloquinone (also called vitamine K1 or
DE phytonadione), a lipid-soluble molecule that belongs to the naphto-
DE quinone family.
SY phytonadione biosynthesis; 2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone
SY biosynthesis; vitamin K1 biosynthesis.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0042372; P:phylloquinone biosynthetic process.
//
ID carbamoyl phosphate degradation.
AC UPA00996
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of carbamoyl phosphate, a key metabolic intermediate.
HI UPA00496; metabolic intermediate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00230; Purine metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00330; Arginine and proline metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00910; Nitrogen metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID proteasomal pup-dependent pathway.
AC UPA00997
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of proteins by hydrolysis of their peptide bonds. This
DE process is initiated by the covalent attachment of pup (Prokaryotic
DE Ubiquitin-like Protein), and mediated by the proteasome.
SY Prokaryotic Ubiquitin-like Protein (pup) fusion protein degradation
SY pathway.
HI UPA00468; protein degradation.
DR PubMed; 15659170.
DR PubMed; 19028679.
DR PubMed; 19483713.
DR PubMed; 18832610.
//
ID protein pupylation.
AC UPA00998
CL Pathway.
DE Conjugation of pup (Prokaryotic Ubiquitin-like Protein) to a target
DE protein via an isopeptide bond between the carboxyl terminus of pup
DE and the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue of the target protein.
SY pup conjugation; prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein conjugation.
HI UPA00460; protein modification.
DR PubMed; 19448618.
DR PubMed; 19282181.
DR GO; GO:0070490; P:protein pupylation.
//
ID pimeloyl-CoA biosynthesis.
AC UPA00999
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of 6-carboxyhexanoyl-CoA (pimeloyl-CoA), a precursor of
DE biotin in some organisms.
SY 6-carboxyhexanoyl-CoA biosynthesis.
HI UPA00496; metabolic intermediate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00780; Biotin metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID bacilysocin biosynthesis.
AC UPA01001
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of bacilysocin, a phospholipid antibiotic.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 11796336.
//
ID polychlorinated biphenyl degradation.
AC UPA01002
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls xenobiotic compounds.
HI UPA00105; xenobiotic degradation.
DR PubMed; 19476337.
//
ID bacillaene biosynthesis.
AC UPA01003
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of bacillaene, a polyketide antibiotic.
HI UPA00295; antibiotic biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 17886826.
DR PubMed; 17234808.
//
ID palatinose degradation.
AC UPA01004
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of palatinose.
HI UPA00442; glycan degradation.
DR PubMed; 11274100.
//
ID petrobactin biosynthesis.
AC UPA01005
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of petrobactin, a catecholate siderophore that functions
DE in both iron acquisition and virulence in a murine model of anthrax.
DE Petrobactin harbors unique 3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl iron-liganding groups.
HI UPA00302; siderophore biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 18955706.
DR PubMed; 17189355.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7c10>.
//
ID mannosylfructose biosynthesis.
AC UPA01006
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of mannosylfructose. This disaccharide has been first
DE discovered as the major osmolyte in salt-tolerant strains of
DE A.tumefaciens biotype I.
HI UPA00411; carbohydrate metabolism.
DR PubMed; 2254260.
DR PubMed; 17728402.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7d90>.
//
ID nicotinate metabolism.
AC UPA01009
CL Pathway.
DE Metabolism of nicotinic acid, also known as niacin or vitamin B3, a
DE water-soluble vitamin. .
SY niacin metabolism; vitamin B3 metabolism; nicotinic acid metabolism.
HI UPA00399; cofactor biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00760; Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
//
ID nicotinate degradation.
AC UPA01010
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of nicotinate also known as niacin or vitamin B3, a water-
DE soluble vitamin. .
SY nicotinic acid degradation; vitamin B3 degradation; niacin
SY degradation.
HI UPA00483; cofactor degradation.
DR PubMed; 16894175.
DR KEGG; map00760; Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994b7f10>.
//
ID 4-chlorobenzoate degradation.
AC UPA01011
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of 4-chlorobenzoate (4-CBA) by certain soil bacteria.
DE 4-chlorobenzoate is not known to be a natural product but is
DE introduced in the environement through its use as a precursor in the
DE synthesis of dye stuffs, pigments and pharmaceuticals.
SY 4-chlorobenzoic acid degradation; 4-CBA degradation.
HI UPA00105; xenobiotic degradation.
DR PubMed; 7765837.
DR KEGG; map00130; Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis.
DR KEGG; map00362; Benzoate degradation.
DR KEGG; map00364; Fluorobenzoate degradation.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bb0d0>.
//
ID L-aspartate biosynthesis.
AC UPA01012
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of L-aspartate amino-acid from oxaloacetate, an
DE intermediate of the TCA cycle, by a transamination reaction with
DE glutamate. L-aspartate is a constituent of proteins and participates
DE in several other biosyntheses as purine and pyrimidine nucleotide,
DE NAD, phosphopanthothenate and other amino acids.
HI UPA00402; amino-acid biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0006532; P:aspartate biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00250; Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00710; Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01110; Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bb150>.
//
ID L-glutamine biosynthesis.
AC UPA01013
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of L-glutamine amino-acid.
HI UPA00402; amino-acid biosynthesis.
DR GO; GO:0006542; P:glutamine biosynthetic process.
DR KEGG; map00250; Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00330; Arginine and proline metabolism.
DR KEGG; map00910; Nitrogen metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01100; Metabolic pathways.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bb190>.
//
ID ergothioneine biosynthesis.
AC UPA01014
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of ergothioneine. Ergothioneine is a histidine-derived
DE thiol of bacterial and fungal origin that has also been isolated from
DE animal and human tissue. Ergothioneine has antioxidant properties.
HI UPA00402; amino-acid biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 20420449.
DR GO; GO:0052699; P:ergothioneine biosynthetic process.
DR MetaCyc; <microbi.biodb.OBIWarehouse.up_UPA.upa_metacyc object at
DR 0x2a994bb3d0>.
//
ID anthranilate degradation.
AC UPA01015
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate). Anthranilate is an
DE intermediate in the degradation of many compounds, such as tryptophan,
DE o-nitrobenzoate, quinaldine, carbazole, and those containing an indole
DE moiety.
HI UPA00433; aromatic compound metabolism.
DR GO; GO:0043421; P:anthranilate catabolic process.
//
ID anthranilate degradation via hydroxylation.
AC UPA01016
CL Pathway.
DE Degradation of anthranilate via hydroxylation pathway. This aerobic
DE pathway converts anthranilate to catechol in a single step.
HI UPA00433; aromatic compound metabolism.
DR PubMed; 11114907.
DR PubMed; 13129960.
DR KEGG; map00627; Aminobenzoate degradation.
DR KEGG; map00910; Nitrogen metabolism.
DR KEGG; map01120; Microbial metabolism in diverse environments.
//
ID xanthan biosynthesis.
AC UPA01017
CL Pathway.
DE Biosynthesis of xanthan, an industrially important exopolysaccharide
DE produced by the phytopathogenic, gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas
DE campestris pv. campestris. Xanthan is composed of polymerized
DE pentasaccharide repeating units which are assembled by the sequential
DE addition of glucose-1-phosphate, glucose, mannose, glucuronate, and
DE mannose on a polyprenol phosphate carrier.
HI UPA00484; glycan biosynthesis.
DR PubMed; 9537354.
DR PubMed; 21367879.
DR PubMed; 14736729.
DR PubMed; 18596046.
//
ID beta-alanine from L-aspartate.
AC ULS00002
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-aspartate to beta-
DE alanine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00028; (R)-pantothenate biosynthesis.
//
ID (R)-pantoate from 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate.
AC ULS00003
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate
DE to (R)-pantoate. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00028; (R)-pantothenate biosynthesis.
//
ID (R)-pantothenate from (R)-pantoate and beta-alanine.
AC ULS00004
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of (R)-pantoate and beta-
DE alanine to (R)-pantothenate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00028; (R)-pantothenate biosynthesis.
//
ID L-histidine from 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.
AC ULS00005
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose
DE 1-diphosphate to L-histidine. It is composed of 9 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00031; L-histidine biosynthesis.
//
ID (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate from L-aspartate.
AC ULS00006
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-aspartate to
DE (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate. It is composed of 4 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00034; L-lysine biosynthesis via DAP pathway.
//
ID LL-2,6-diaminopimelate from (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate (succinylase route).
AC ULS00007
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate (succinylase route) to
DE LL-2,6-diaminopimelate. It is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00034; L-lysine biosynthesis via DAP pathway.
//
ID LL-2,6-diaminopimelate from (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate (acetylase route).
AC ULS00008
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate (acetylase route) to
DE LL-2,6-diaminopimelate. It is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00034; L-lysine biosynthesis via DAP pathway.
//
ID DL-2,6-diaminopimelate from LL-2,6-diaminopimelate.
AC ULS00009
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of LL-2,6-diaminopimelate to
DE DL-2,6-diaminopimelate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00034; L-lysine biosynthesis via DAP pathway.
//
ID DL-2,6-diaminopimelate from (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate.
AC ULS00010
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate to DL-2,6-diaminopimelate. It is composed
DE of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00034; L-lysine biosynthesis via DAP pathway.
//
ID L-lysine from DL-2,6-diaminopimelate.
AC ULS00011
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of DL-2,6-diaminopimelate to
DE L-lysine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00034; L-lysine biosynthesis via DAP pathway.
//
ID L-alpha-aminoadipate from 2-oxoglutarate.
AC ULS00012
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to L
DE -alpha-aminoadipate. It is composed of 4 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00033; L-lysine biosynthesis via AAA pathway.
//
ID L-lysine from L-alpha-aminoadipate (fungal route).
AC ULS00013
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-alpha-aminoadipate
DE (fungal route) to L-lysine. It is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00033; L-lysine biosynthesis via AAA pathway.
//
ID L-lysine from L-alpha-aminoadipate (Thermus route).
AC ULS00014
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-alpha-aminoadipate
DE (Thermus route) to L-lysine. It is composed of 5 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00033; L-lysine biosynthesis via AAA pathway.
//
ID sulfoacetaldehyde from phosphoenolpyruvate and sulfite.
AC ULS00015
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate and
DE sulfite to sulfoacetaldehyde. It is composed of 4 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00355; coenzyme M biosynthesis.
//
ID L-tryptophan from chorismate.
AC ULS00016
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of chorismate to
DE L-tryptophan. It is composed of 5 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00035; L-tryptophan biosynthesis.
//
ID 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate from D-ribulose 5-phosphate.
AC ULS00017
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-ribulose 5-phosphate to
DE 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate. It is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00357; 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate biosynthesis.
//
ID 2-oxobutanoate from L-threonine.
AC ULS00018
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-threonine to
DE 2-oxobutanoate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00047; L-isoleucine biosynthesis.
//
ID 2-oxobutanoate from pyruvate.
AC ULS00019
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of pyruvate to
DE 2-oxobutanoate. It is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00047; L-isoleucine biosynthesis.
//
ID L-isoleucine from 2-oxobutanoate.
AC ULS00020
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 2-oxobutanoate to
DE L-isoleucine. It is composed of 4 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00047; L-isoleucine biosynthesis.
//
ID L-valine from pyruvate.
AC ULS00021
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of pyruvate to L-valine. It
DE is composed of 4 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00049; L-valine biosynthesis.
//
ID L-threonine from L-aspartate.
AC ULS00022
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-aspartate to
DE L-threonine. It is composed of 5 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00050; L-threonine biosynthesis.
//
ID L-leucine from 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate.
AC ULS00023
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate
DE to L-leucine. It is composed of 4 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00048; L-leucine biosynthesis.
//
ID L-homoserine from L-aspartate.
AC ULS00025
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-aspartate to
DE L-homoserine. It is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00051; L-methionine biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID O-acetyl-L-homoserine from L-homoserine.
AC ULS00026
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-homoserine to
DE O-acetyl-L-homoserine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00051; L-methionine biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID O-succinyl-L-homoserine from L-homoserine.
AC ULS00027
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-homoserine to
DE O-succinyl-L-homoserine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00051; L-methionine biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID L-homocysteine from S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
AC ULS00028
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
DE to L-homocysteine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00314; L-homocysteine biosynthesis.
//
ID L-cystathionine from O-succinyl-L-homoserine.
AC ULS00029
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of O-succinyl-L-homoserine
DE to L-cystathionine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00051; L-methionine biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID L-homocysteine from L-cystathionine.
AC ULS00030
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-cystathionine to
DE L-homocysteine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00051; L-methionine biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID L-homocysteine from O-acetyl-L-homoserine.
AC ULS00031
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of O-acetyl-L-homoserine to
DE L-homocysteine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00051; L-methionine biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID S-adenosyl-L-methionine from L-methionine.
AC ULS00032
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-methionine to
DE S-adenosyl-L-methionine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00315; S-adenosyl-L-methionine biosynthesis.
//
ID L-methionine from L-homocysteine (MetH route).
AC ULS00033
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-homocysteine (MetH
DE route) to L-methionine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00051; L-methionine biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID L-methionine from L-homocysteine (MetE route).
AC ULS00034
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-homocysteine (MetE
DE route) to L-methionine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00051; L-methionine biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID L-methionine from L-homocysteine (BhmT route).
AC ULS00035
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-homocysteine (BhmT
DE route) to L-methionine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00051; L-methionine biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID chorismate from D-erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate.
AC ULS00036
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-erythrose 4-phosphate
DE and phosphoenolpyruvate to chorismate. It is composed of 7 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00053; chorismate biosynthesis.
//
ID isopentenyl diphosphate from 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.
AC ULS00037
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose
DE 5-phosphate to isopentenyl diphosphate. It is composed of 6 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00056; isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthesis via DXP pathway.
//
ID isopentenyl diphosphate from (R)-mevalonate.
AC ULS00038
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of (R)-mevalonate to
DE isopentenyl diphosphate. It is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00057; isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthesis via mevalonate pathway.
//
ID (R)-mevalonate from acetyl-CoA.
AC ULS00039
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of acetyl-CoA to
DE (R)-mevalonate. It is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00058; (R)-mevalonate biosynthesis.
//
ID 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate.
AC ULS00040
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-glyceraldehyde
DE 3-phosphate and pyruvate to 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate. It is
DE composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00064; 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate biosynthesis.
//
ID dimethylallyl diphosphate from isopentenyl diphosphate.
AC ULS00041
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of isopentenyl diphosphate
DE to dimethylallyl diphosphate. It is composed of one enzymatic
DE reaction.
HP UPA00059; dimethylallyl diphosphate biosynthesis.
//
ID dimethylallyl diphosphate from (2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbutenyl diphosphate.
AC ULS00042
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE (2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbutenyl diphosphate to dimethylallyl
DE diphosphate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00059; dimethylallyl diphosphate biosynthesis.
//
ID N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine from L-glutamate.
AC ULS00043
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-glutamate to
DE N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine. It is composed of 4 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00068; L-arginine biosynthesis.
//
ID L-ornithine from N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine (linear).
AC ULS00044
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine
DE (linear) to L-ornithine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00068; L-arginine biosynthesis.
//
ID L-ornithine and N-acetyl-L-glutamate from L-glutamate and N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine (cyclic).
AC ULS00045
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-glutamate and
DE N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine (cyclic) to L-ornithine and
DE N-acetyl-L-glutamate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00068; L-arginine biosynthesis.
//
ID L-arginine from L-ornithine and carbamoyl phosphate.
AC ULS00046
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-ornithine and carbamoyl
DE phosphate to L-arginine. It is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00068; L-arginine biosynthesis.
//
ID L-ectoine from L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde.
AC ULS00048
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-aspartate
DE 4-semialdehyde to L-ectoine. It is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00067; ectoine biosynthesis.
//
ID D-xylulose 5-phosphate from L-arabinose (bacterial route).
AC ULS00049
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-arabinose (bacterial
DE route) to D-xylulose 5-phosphate. It is composed of 3 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00145; L-arabinose degradation via L-ribulose.
//
ID N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide from 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.
AC ULS00050
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose
DE 1-diphosphate to N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide. It is composed
DE of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00074; IMP biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide from N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide (10-formyl THF route).
AC ULS00051
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide (10-formyl THF route) to
DE N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide. It is composed of
DE one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00074; IMP biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide from N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide (formate route).
AC ULS00052
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide (formate route) to
DE N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide. It is composed of
DE one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00074; IMP biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide from 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (10-formyl THF route).
AC ULS00054
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (10-formyl THF
DE route) to 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.
DE It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00074; IMP biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide from 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (formate route).
AC ULS00055
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (formate route)
DE to 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide. It is
DE composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00074; IMP biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID IMP from 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.
AC ULS00056
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide to IMP. It
DE is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00074; IMP biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine from 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole.
AC ULS00057
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole to
DE 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine. It is composed of 3
DE enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00060; thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis.
//
ID 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole from 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole.
AC ULS00058
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole to
DE 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole. It is composed of one enzymatic
DE reaction.
HP UPA00060; thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis.
//
ID 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole from 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.
AC ULS00059
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose
DE 5-phosphate to 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole. It is composed of
DE one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00060; thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis.
//
ID thiamine phosphate from 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine and 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole.
AC ULS00060
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine and
DE 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole to thiamine phosphate. It is
DE composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00060; thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis.
//
ID acetyl-CoA from myo-inositol.
AC ULS00061
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of myo-inositol to acetyl-
DE CoA. It is composed of 7 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00076; myo-inositol degradation into acetyl-CoA.
//
ID 4-aminobenzoate from chorismate.
AC ULS00062
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of chorismate to
DE 4-aminobenzoate. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00077; tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis.
//
ID 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine diphosphate from 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate.
AC ULS00063
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 7,8-dihydroneopterin
DE triphosphate to 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine
DE diphosphate. It is composed of 4 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00077; tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis.
//
ID 7,8-dihydrofolate from 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine diphosphate and 4-aminobenzoate.
AC ULS00064
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine diphosphate and
DE 4-aminobenzoate to 7,8-dihydrofolate. It is composed of 2 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00077; tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis.
//
ID menaquinone-2 from chorismate.
AC ULS00066
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of chorismate to
DE menaquinone-2. It is composed of 8 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00079; menaquinone biosynthesis.
//
ID formate from 10-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate.
AC ULS00067
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE 10-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate to formate. It is composed of one
DE enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00074; IMP biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID carbamoyl phosphate from bicarbonate.
AC ULS00068
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of bicarbonate to carbamoyl
DE phosphate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00068; L-arginine biosynthesis.
//
ID D-glucuronate from myo-inositol.
AC ULS00069
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of myo-inositol to
DE D-glucuronate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00111; myo-inositol degradation into D-glucuronate.
//
ID 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate from D-ribose 5-phosphate (route I).
AC ULS00070
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-ribose 5-phosphate
DE (route I) to 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate. It is composed of
DE one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00087; 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate biosynthesis.
//
ID 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate from D-ribose 5-phosphate (route II).
AC ULS00071
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-ribose 5-phosphate
DE (route II) to 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate. It is composed
DE of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00087; 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate biosynthesis.
//
ID 3-dehydroquinate from D-quinate (NAD(+) route).
AC ULS00072
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-quinate (NAD(+) route)
DE to 3-dehydroquinate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00088; 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate biosynthesis.
//
ID 3-dehydroquinate from D-quinate (PQQ route).
AC ULS00073
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-quinate (PQQ route) to
DE 3-dehydroquinate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00088; 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate biosynthesis.
//
ID 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate from 3-dehydroquinate.
AC ULS00074
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 3-dehydroquinate to
DE 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00088; 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate biosynthesis.
//
ID D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and glycerone phosphate from D-glucose.
AC ULS00075
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-glucose to
DE D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and glycerone phosphate. It is composed
DE of 4 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00109; glycolysis.
//
ID D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate from glycerone phosphate.
AC ULS00076
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of glycerone phosphate to
DE D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. It is composed of one enzymatic
DE reaction.
HP UPA00109; glycolysis.
//
ID pyruvate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
AC ULS00077
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-glyceraldehyde
DE 3-phosphate to pyruvate. It is composed of 5 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00109; glycolysis.
//
ID GDP-L-fucose from GDP-alpha-D-mannose.
AC ULS00078
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of GDP-alpha-D-mannose to
DE GDP-L-fucose. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00128; GDP-L-fucose biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-D-glycerate from GDP-alpha-D-mannose (MPG route).
AC ULS00079
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of GDP-alpha-D-mannose (MPG
DE route) to 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-D-glycerate. It is composed of 2
DE enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00130; 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-D-glycerate biosynthesis.
//
ID L-asparagine from L-aspartate (ammonia route).
AC ULS00080
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-aspartate (ammonia
DE route) to L-asparagine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00134; L-asparagine biosynthesis.
//
ID L-asparagine from L-aspartate (L-Gln route).
AC ULS00081
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-aspartate (L-Gln route)
DE to L-asparagine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00134; L-asparagine biosynthesis.
//
ID L-serine from 3-phospho-D-glycerate.
AC ULS00082
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 3-phospho-D-glycerate to
DE L-serine. It is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00135; L-serine biosynthesis.
//
ID L-cysteine from L-serine.
AC ULS00083
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-serine to L-cysteine.
DE It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00136; L-cysteine biosynthesis.
//
ID L-cysteine from L-homocysteine and L-serine.
AC ULS00084
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-homocysteine and
DE L-serine to L-cysteine. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00136; L-cysteine biosynthesis.
//
ID prephenate from chorismate.
AC ULS00085
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of chorismate to prephenate.
DE It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00120; prephenate biosynthesis.
//
ID sulfite from sulfate.
AC ULS00086
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of sulfate to sulfite. It is
DE composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00140; hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis.
//
ID hydrogen sulfide from sulfite (NADPH route).
AC ULS00087
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of sulfite (NADPH route) to
DE hydrogen sulfide. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00140; hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis.
//
ID hydrogen sulfide from sulfite (ferredoxin route).
AC ULS00088
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of sulfite (ferredoxin
DE route) to hydrogen sulfide. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00140; hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis.
//
ID glutathione from L-cysteine and L-glutamate.
AC ULS00089
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-cysteine and
DE L-glutamate to glutathione. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00142; glutathione biosynthesis.
//
ID precorrin-2 from uroporphyrinogen III.
AC ULS00090
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of uroporphyrinogen III to
DE precorrin-2. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00148; adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis.
HP UPA00262; siroheme biosynthesis.
//
ID cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from precorrin-2 (aerobic route).
AC ULS00091
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of precorrin-2 (aerobic
DE route) to cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide. It is composed of 10 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00148; adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis.
//
ID cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from sirohydrochlorin (anaerobic route).
AC ULS00092
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of sirohydrochlorin
DE (anaerobic route) to cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide. It is composed of 10
DE enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00148; adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis.
//
ID adenosylcobalamin from cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide.
AC ULS00093
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of cob(II)yrinate
DE a,c-diamide to adenosylcobalamin. It is composed of 7 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00148; adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis.
//
ID penicillin G from L-alpha-aminoadipate and L-cysteine and L-valine.
AC ULS00094
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-alpha-aminoadipate and
DE L-cysteine and L-valine to penicillin G. It is composed of 3 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00149; penicillin G biosynthesis.
//
ID clavulanate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and L-arginine.
AC ULS00095
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-glyceraldehyde
DE 3-phosphate and L-arginine to clavulanate. It is composed of 8
DE enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00112; clavulanate biosynthesis.
//
ID 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate and benzoate from biphenyl.
AC ULS00096
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of biphenyl to
DE 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate and benzoate. It is composed of 4
DE enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00155; biphenyl degradation.
//
ID catechol from benzoate.
AC ULS00097
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of benzoate to catechol. It
DE is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00156; benzoate degradation via hydroxylation.
//
ID 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate from benzoate.
AC ULS00098
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of benzoate to
DE 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00156; benzoate degradation via hydroxylation.
//
ID 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furylacetate from catechol.
AC ULS00099
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of catechol to
DE 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furylacetate. It is composed of 3 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00157; beta-ketoadipate pathway.
//
ID 3-oxoadipate from 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furylacetate.
AC ULS00100
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furylacetate to 3-oxoadipate. It is composed of
DE one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00157; beta-ketoadipate pathway.
//
ID acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA from 3-oxoadipate.
AC ULS00101
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 3-oxoadipate to acetyl-
DE CoA and succinyl-CoA. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00157; beta-ketoadipate pathway.
//
ID 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate from 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate.
AC ULS00102
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate to
DE 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00157; beta-ketoadipate pathway.
//
ID 3-oxoadipate from 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate.
AC ULS00103
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate to
DE 3-oxoadipate. It is composed of 4 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00157; beta-ketoadipate pathway.
//
ID betaine from glycine.
AC ULS00104
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of glycine to betaine. It is
DE composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00530; betaine biosynthesis via glycine pathway.
//
ID UDP from UMP (UMK/CMK route).
AC ULS00105
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of UMP (UMK/CMK route) to
DE UDP. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00159; CTP biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID UDP from UMP (UMPK route).
AC ULS00106
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of UMP (UMPK route) to UDP.
DE It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00159; CTP biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID CTP from UDP.
AC ULS00107
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of UDP to CTP. It is
DE composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00159; CTP biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate from 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate and CTP.
AC ULS00108
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 3-deoxy-D-manno-
DE octulosonate and CTP to CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate. It is
DE composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00358; CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate biosynthesis.
//
ID L-glutamate and succinate from L-arginine.
AC ULS00109
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-arginine to L-glutamate
DE and succinate. It is composed of 5 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00185; L-arginine degradation via AST pathway.
//
ID agmatine from L-arginine.
AC ULS00110
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-arginine to agmatine.
DE It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00186; agmatine biosynthesis.
//
ID N-carbamoylputrescine from agmatine.
AC ULS00111
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of agmatine to
DE N-carbamoylputrescine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00534; putrescine biosynthesis via agmatine pathway.
//
ID putrescine from agmatine.
AC ULS00112
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of agmatine to putrescine.
DE It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00534; putrescine biosynthesis via agmatine pathway.
//
ID putrescine from L-ornithine.
AC ULS00113
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-ornithine to
DE putrescine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00535; putrescine biosynthesis via L-ornithine pathway.
//
ID 4-aminobutanal from putrescine (amine oxidase route).
AC ULS00114
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of putrescine (amine oxidase
DE route) to 4-aminobutanal. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00188; putrescine degradation.
//
ID 4-aminobutanal from putrescine (transaminase route).
AC ULS00115
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of putrescine (transaminase
DE route) to 4-aminobutanal. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00188; putrescine degradation.
//
ID XMP from IMP.
AC ULS00117
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of IMP to XMP. It is
DE composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00601; XMP biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID GMP from XMP (L-Gln route).
AC ULS00118
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of XMP (L-Gln route) to GMP.
DE It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00189; GMP biosynthesis.
//
ID GMP from XMP (ammonia route).
AC ULS00119
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of XMP (ammonia route) to
DE GMP. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00189; GMP biosynthesis.
//
ID pyridoxal 5'-phosphate from pyridoxal.
AC ULS00120
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of pyridoxal to pyridoxal
DE 5'-phosphate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00190; B6 vitamer interconversion.
//
ID pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate from pyridoxamine.
AC ULS00121
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of pyridoxamine to
DE pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00190; B6 vitamer interconversion.
//
ID pyridoxine 5'-phosphate from pyridoxine.
AC ULS00122
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of pyridoxine to pyridoxine
DE 5'-phosphate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00190; B6 vitamer interconversion.
//
ID pyridoxal from pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.
AC ULS00123
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate to
DE pyridoxal. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00190; B6 vitamer interconversion.
//
ID pyridoxamine from pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate.
AC ULS00124
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate
DE to pyridoxamine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00190; B6 vitamer interconversion.
//
ID pyridoxine from pyridoxine 5'-phosphate.
AC ULS00125
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of pyridoxine 5'-phosphate
DE to pyridoxine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00190; B6 vitamer interconversion.
//
ID pyridoxal 5'-phosphate from pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate.
AC ULS00126
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate
DE to pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00190; B6 vitamer interconversion.
//
ID pyridoxal 5'-phosphate from pyridoxine 5'-phosphate.
AC ULS00127
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of pyridoxine 5'-phosphate
DE to pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00190; B6 vitamer interconversion.
//
ID pyridoxal from pyridoxamine.
AC ULS00128
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of pyridoxamine to
DE pyridoxal. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00192; B6 vitamer degradation.
//
ID pyridoxal from pyridoxine (dehydrogenase route).
AC ULS00129
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of pyridoxine (dehydrogenase
DE route) to pyridoxal. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00192; B6 vitamer degradation.
//
ID 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furylacetate from 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate.
AC ULS00130
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 3-carboxy-cis,cis-
DE muconate to 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furylacetate. It is composed of 2
DE enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00157; beta-ketoadipate pathway.
//
ID 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate from 3-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate.
AC ULS00131
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE 3-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate to 3-carboxy-cis,cis-
DE muconate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00157; beta-ketoadipate pathway.
//
ID pyridoxine 5'-phosphate from D-erythrose 4-phosphate.
AC ULS00132
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-erythrose 4-phosphate
DE to pyridoxine 5'-phosphate. It is composed of 5 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00244; pyridoxine 5'-phosphate biosynthesis.
//
ID 4-aminobutanoate from 4-aminobutanal.
AC ULS00133
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 4-aminobutanal to
DE 4-aminobutanoate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00188; putrescine degradation.
//
ID succinate semialdehyde from 4-aminobutanoate.
AC ULS00134
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 4-aminobutanoate to
DE succinate semialdehyde. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00188; putrescine degradation.
//
ID 1,3-diaminopropane and 4-aminobutanal from spermidine.
AC ULS00135
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of spermidine to
DE 1,3-diaminopropane and 4-aminobutanal. It is composed of one enzymatic
DE reaction.
HP UPA00250; spermidine degradation.
//
ID spermidine from putrescine.
AC ULS00136
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of putrescine to spermidine.
DE It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00248; spermidine biosynthesis.
//
ID spermine from spermidine.
AC ULS00137
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of spermidine to spermine.
DE It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00249; spermine biosynthesis.
//
ID 5-aminolevulinate from L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu).
AC ULS00138
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) to
DE 5-aminolevulinate. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00251; protoporphyrin-IX biosynthesis.
//
ID protoporphyrinogen-IX from coproporphyrinogen-III (O2 route).
AC ULS00139
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of coproporphyrinogen-III
DE (O2 route) to protoporphyrinogen-IX. It is composed of one enzymatic
DE reaction.
HP UPA00251; protoporphyrin-IX biosynthesis.
//
ID protoporphyrinogen-IX from coproporphyrinogen-III (AdoMet route).
AC ULS00140
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of coproporphyrinogen-III
DE (AdoMet route) to protoporphyrinogen-IX. It is composed of one
DE enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00251; protoporphyrin-IX biosynthesis.
//
ID protoporphyrin-IX from protoporphyrinogen-IX.
AC ULS00141
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of protoporphyrinogen-IX to
DE protoporphyrin-IX. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00251; protoporphyrin-IX biosynthesis.
//
ID iminoaspartate from L-aspartate (oxidase route).
AC ULS00142
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-aspartate (oxidase
DE route) to iminoaspartate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00253; NAD(+) biosynthesis.
//
ID quinolinate from L-kynurenine.
AC ULS00143
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-kynurenine to
DE quinolinate. It is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00253; NAD(+) biosynthesis.
//
ID nicotinate D-ribonucleotide from quinolinate.
AC ULS00144
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of quinolinate to nicotinate
DE D-ribonucleotide. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00253; NAD(+) biosynthesis.
//
ID NAD(+) from deamido-NAD(+) (ammonia route).
AC ULS00145
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of deamido-NAD(+) (ammonia
DE route) to NAD(+). It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00253; NAD(+) biosynthesis.
//
ID NAD(+) from deamido-NAD(+) (L-Gln route).
AC ULS00146
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of deamido-NAD(+) (L-Gln
DE route) to NAD(+). It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00253; NAD(+) biosynthesis.
//
ID AMP from IMP.
AC ULS00147
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of IMP to AMP. It is
DE composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00075; AMP biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID acetoacetate and fumarate from L-phenylalanine.
AC ULS00148
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-phenylalanine to
DE acetoacetate and fumarate. It is composed of 6 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00139; L-phenylalanine degradation.
//
ID L-arogenate from prephenate (L-Asp route).
AC ULS00149
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of prephenate (L-Asp route)
DE to L-arogenate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00121; L-phenylalanine biosynthesis.
HP UPA00122; L-tyrosine biosynthesis.
//
ID L-arogenate from prephenate (L-Glu route).
AC ULS00150
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of prephenate (L-Glu route)
DE to L-arogenate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00121; L-phenylalanine biosynthesis.
HP UPA00122; L-tyrosine biosynthesis.
//
ID L-phenylalanine from L-arogenate.
AC ULS00151
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-arogenate to
DE L-phenylalanine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00121; L-phenylalanine biosynthesis.
//
ID phenylpyruvate from prephenate.
AC ULS00152
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of prephenate to
DE phenylpyruvate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00121; L-phenylalanine biosynthesis.
//
ID L-phenylalanine from phenylpyruvate (PDH route).
AC ULS00153
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of phenylpyruvate (PDH
DE route) to L-phenylalanine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00121; L-phenylalanine biosynthesis.
//
ID L-phenylalanine from phenylpyruvate (ArAT route).
AC ULS00154
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of phenylpyruvate (ArAT
DE route) to L-phenylalanine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00121; L-phenylalanine biosynthesis.
//
ID pimeloyl-CoA from pimelate.
AC ULS00157
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of pimelate to pimeloyl-CoA.
DE It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00078; biotin biosynthesis.
HP UPA00999; pimeloyl-CoA biosynthesis.
//
ID CoA from (R)-pantothenate.
AC ULS00158
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of (R)-pantothenate to CoA.
DE It is composed of 5 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00241; coenzyme A biosynthesis.
//
ID L-proline from L-ornithine.
AC ULS00159
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-ornithine to L-proline.
DE It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00098; L-proline biosynthesis.
//
ID L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde from L-ornithine.
AC ULS00160
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-ornithine to
DE L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00098; L-proline biosynthesis.
//
ID L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde from L-glutamate.
AC ULS00161
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-glutamate to
DE L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00098; L-proline biosynthesis.
//
ID L-proline from L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde.
AC ULS00162
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-glutamate
DE 5-semialdehyde to L-proline. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00098; L-proline biosynthesis.
//
ID N-acetylputrescine from putrescine.
AC ULS00163
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of putrescine to
DE N-acetylputrescine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00188; putrescine degradation.
//
ID carbamoyl phosphate from L-arginine.
AC ULS00164
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-arginine to carbamoyl
DE phosphate. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00254; L-arginine degradation via ADI pathway.
//
ID (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA from (R)-mevalonate.
AC ULS00165
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of (R)-mevalonate to
DE (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA. It is composed of one enzymatic
DE reaction.
HP UPA00257; (R)-mevalonate degradation.
//
ID geranyl diphosphate from dimethylallyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate.
AC ULS00166
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of dimethylallyl diphosphate
DE and isopentenyl diphosphate to geranyl diphosphate. It is composed of
DE one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00259; geranyl diphosphate biosynthesis.
//
ID farnesyl diphosphate from geranyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate.
AC ULS00167
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of geranyl diphosphate and
DE isopentenyl diphosphate to farnesyl diphosphate. It is composed of one
DE enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00260; farnesyl diphosphate biosynthesis.
//
ID CO(2) and NH(3) from urea (urease route).
AC ULS00168
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of urea (urease route) to
DE CO(2) and NH(3). It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00258; urea degradation.
//
ID CO(2) and NH(3) from urea (allophanate route).
AC ULS00169
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of urea (allophanate route)
DE to CO(2) and NH(3). It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00258; urea degradation.
//
ID L-glutamate from L-proline.
AC ULS00170
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-proline to L-glutamate.
DE It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00261; L-proline degradation into L-glutamate.
//
ID 5-aminolevulinate from glycine.
AC ULS00171
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of glycine to
DE 5-aminolevulinate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00251; protoporphyrin-IX biosynthesis.
//
ID coproporphyrinogen-III from 5-aminolevulinate.
AC ULS00172
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 5-aminolevulinate to
DE coproporphyrinogen-III. It is composed of 4 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00251; protoporphyrin-IX biosynthesis.
//
ID sirohydrochlorin from precorrin-2.
AC ULS00173
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of precorrin-2 to
DE sirohydrochlorin. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00148; adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis.
HP UPA00262; siroheme biosynthesis.
//
ID siroheme from sirohydrochlorin.
AC ULS00174
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of sirohydrochlorin to
DE siroheme. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00262; siroheme biosynthesis.
//
ID protoheme from protoporphyrin-IX.
AC ULS00175
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of protoporphyrin-IX to
DE protoheme. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00252; protoheme biosynthesis.
//
ID D-xylulose 5-phosphate from L-ascorbate.
AC ULS00176
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-ascorbate to D-xylulose
DE 5-phosphate. It is composed of 4 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00263; L-ascorbate degradation.
//
ID L-ornithine and urea from L-arginine.
AC ULS00177
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-arginine to L-ornithine
DE and urea. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00158; urea cycle.
//
ID L-citrulline from L-ornithine and carbamoyl phosphate.
AC ULS00178
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-ornithine and carbamoyl
DE phosphate to L-citrulline. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00158; urea cycle.
//
ID (N(omega)-L-arginino)succinate from L-aspartate and L-citrulline.
AC ULS00179
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-aspartate and
DE L-citrulline to (N(omega)-L-arginino)succinate. It is composed of one
DE enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00158; urea cycle.
//
ID L-arginine and fumarate from (N(omega)-L-arginino)succinate.
AC ULS00180
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE (N(omega)-L-arginino)succinate to L-arginine and fumarate. It is
DE composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00158; urea cycle.
//
ID betaine from choline.
AC ULS00181
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of choline to betaine. It is
DE composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00529; betaine biosynthesis via choline pathway.
//
ID betaine aldehyde from choline (cytochrome c reductase route).
AC ULS00182
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of choline (cytochrome c
DE reductase route) to betaine aldehyde. It is composed of one enzymatic
DE reaction.
HP UPA00529; betaine biosynthesis via choline pathway.
//
ID betaine from betaine aldehyde.
AC ULS00183
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of betaine aldehyde to
DE betaine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00529; betaine biosynthesis via choline pathway.
//
ID glycolate from 1,2-dichloroethane.
AC ULS00184
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 1,2-dichloroethane to
DE glycolate. It is composed of 4 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00265; 1,2-dichloroethane degradation.
//
ID catechol from benzene.
AC ULS00185
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of benzene to catechol. It
DE is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00272; benzene degradation.
//
ID 3-methylcatechol from toluene.
AC ULS00186
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of toluene to
DE 3-methylcatechol. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00273; toluene degradation.
//
ID sarcosine from creatinine.
AC ULS00187
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of creatinine to sarcosine.
DE It is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00274; creatinine degradation.
//
ID 2-hydroxy-3-oxobutyl phosphate from D-ribulose 5-phosphate.
AC ULS00188
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-ribulose 5-phosphate to
DE 2-hydroxy-3-oxobutyl phosphate. It is composed of one enzymatic
DE reaction.
HP UPA00275; riboflavin biosynthesis.
//
ID 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil from GTP.
AC ULS00189
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of GTP to
DE 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil. It is composed of 4 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00275; riboflavin biosynthesis.
//
ID FMN from riboflavin (ATP route).
AC ULS00192
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of riboflavin (ATP route) to
DE FMN. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00276; FMN biosynthesis.
//
ID FAD from FMN.
AC ULS00193
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of FMN to FAD. It is
DE composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00277; FAD biosynthesis.
//
ID D-ribulose 5-phosphate from D-glucose 6-phosphate (oxidative stage).
AC ULS00194
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-glucose 6-phosphate
DE (oxidative stage) to D-ribulose 5-phosphate. It is composed of 3
DE enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00115; pentose phosphate pathway.
//
ID D-xylulose 5-phosphate from D-ribulose 5-phosphate (non-oxidative stage).
AC ULS00195
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-ribulose 5-phosphate
DE (non-oxidative stage) to D-xylulose 5-phosphate. It is composed of one
DE enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00115; pentose phosphate pathway.
//
ID D-ribose 5-phosphate from D-ribulose 5-phosphate (non-oxidative stage).
AC ULS00196
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-ribulose 5-phosphate
DE (non-oxidative stage) to D-ribose 5-phosphate. It is composed of one
DE enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00115; pentose phosphate pathway.
//
ID D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate from D-ribose 5-phosphate and D-xylulose 5-phosphate (non-oxidative stage).
AC ULS00197
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-ribose 5-phosphate and
DE D-xylulose 5-phosphate (non-oxidative stage) to D-glyceraldehyde
DE 3-phosphate and beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate. It is composed of 3
DE enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00115; pentose phosphate pathway.
//
ID alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate from D-fructose 6-phosphate.
AC ULS00198
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-fructose 6-phosphate to
DE alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00126; GDP-alpha-D-mannose biosynthesis.
//
ID pyruvate and succinate semialdehyde from 4-hydroxyphenylacetate.
AC ULS00199
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 4-hydroxyphenylacetate to
DE pyruvate and succinate semialdehyde. It is composed of 7 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00208; 4-hydroxyphenylacetate degradation.
//
ID glycine from L-allo-threonine.
AC ULS00200
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-allo-threonine to
DE glycine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00288; glycine biosynthesis.
//
ID glycine from glyoxylate.
AC ULS00201
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of glyoxylate to glycine. It
DE is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00288; glycine biosynthesis.
//
ID acetaldehyde and glycine from L-threonine.
AC ULS00202
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-threonine to
DE acetaldehyde and glycine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00044; L-threonine degradation via aldolase pathway.
//
ID betaine aldehyde from choline (monooxygenase route).
AC ULS00203
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of choline (monooxygenase
DE route) to betaine aldehyde. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00529; betaine biosynthesis via choline pathway.
//
ID choline from choline sulfate.
AC ULS00204
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of choline sulfate to
DE choline. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00290; choline biosynthesis.
//
ID sarcosine from betaine.
AC ULS00205
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of betaine to sarcosine. It
DE is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00291; betaine degradation.
//
ID formaldehyde and glycine from sarcosine.
AC ULS00206
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of sarcosine to formaldehyde
DE and glycine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00292; sarcosine degradation.
//
ID D-fructose 6-phosphate from D-ribulose 5-phosphate and formaldehyde.
AC ULS00207
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-ribulose 5-phosphate
DE and formaldehyde to D-fructose 6-phosphate. It is composed of 2
DE enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00294; formaldehyde assimilation via RuMP pathway.
//
ID ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose from D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate.
AC ULS00208
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-glycero-beta-D-manno-
DE heptose 7-phosphate to ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose. It is
DE composed of 4 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00356; ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis.
//
ID (S)-reticuline from (S)-norcoclaurine.
AC ULS00209
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of (S)-norcoclaurine to
DE (S)-reticuline. It is composed of 4 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00306; (S)-reticuline biosynthesis.
//
ID palmatine from columbamine.
AC ULS00210
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of columbamine to palmatine.
DE It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00307; palmatine biosynthesis.
//
ID berbamunine from (R)-N-methylcoclaurine and (S)-N-methylcoclaurine.
AC ULS00211
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of (R)-N-methylcoclaurine
DE and (S)-N-methylcoclaurine to berbamunine. It is composed of one
DE enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00308; berbamunine biosynthesis.
//
ID 3alpha(S)-strictosidine from secologanin and tryptamine.
AC ULS00212
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of secologanin and
DE tryptamine to 3alpha(S)-strictosidine. It is composed of one enzymatic
DE reaction.
HP UPA00311; 3alpha(S)-strictosidine biosynthesis.
//
ID L-cystathionine from O-acetyl-L-homoserine.
AC ULS00213
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of O-acetyl-L-homoserine to
DE L-cystathionine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00051; L-methionine biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID L-homocysteine from O-succinyl-L-homoserine.
AC ULS00214
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of O-succinyl-L-homoserine
DE to L-homocysteine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00051; L-methionine biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID (S)-scoulerine from (S)-reticuline.
AC ULS00215
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of (S)-reticuline to
DE (S)-scoulerine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00319; (S)-scoulerine biosynthesis.
//
ID S-adenosylmethioninamine from S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
AC ULS00216
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of S-adenosyl-L-methionine
DE to S-adenosylmethioninamine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00331; S-adenosylmethioninamine biosynthesis.
//
ID indole and pyruvate from L-tryptophan.
AC ULS00217
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-tryptophan to indole
DE and pyruvate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00332; L-tryptophan degradation via pyruvate pathway.
//
ID L-kynurenine from L-tryptophan.
AC ULS00218
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-tryptophan to
DE L-kynurenine. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00333; L-tryptophan degradation via kynurenine pathway.
//
ID L-alanine and anthranilate from L-kynurenine.
AC ULS00219
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-kynurenine to L-alanine
DE and anthranilate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00334; L-kynurenine degradation.
//
ID iminoaspartate from L-aspartate (dehydrogenase route).
AC ULS00220
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-aspartate
DE (dehydrogenase route) to iminoaspartate. It is composed of one
DE enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00253; NAD(+) biosynthesis.
//
ID quinolinate from iminoaspartate.
AC ULS00221
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of iminoaspartate to
DE quinolinate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00253; NAD(+) biosynthesis.
//
ID deamido-NAD(+) from nicotinate D-ribonucleotide.
AC ULS00222
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of nicotinate
DE D-ribonucleotide to deamido-NAD(+). It is composed of one enzymatic
DE reaction.
HP UPA00253; NAD(+) biosynthesis.
//
ID nicotinate D-ribonucleotide from nicotinate.
AC ULS00223
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of nicotinate to nicotinate
DE D-ribonucleotide. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00253; NAD(+) biosynthesis.
//
ID acetyl-CoA from acetate.
AC ULS00224
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of acetate to acetyl-CoA. It
DE is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00340; acetyl-CoA biosynthesis.
//
ID LL-2,6-diaminopimelate from (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate (aminotransferase route).
AC ULS00227
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate (aminotransferase route) to
DE LL-2,6-diaminopimelate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00034; L-lysine biosynthesis via DAP pathway.
//
ID D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and acetaldehyde from 2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
AC ULS00228
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose
DE 1-phosphate to D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and acetaldehyde. It is
DE composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00002; 2-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate degradation.
//
ID lipid IV(A) from (3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] and UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine.
AC ULS00229
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE (3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] and UDP-N-acetyl-
DE alpha-D-glucosamine to lipid IV(A). It is composed of 6 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00359; lipid IV(A) biosynthesis.
//
ID KDO(2)-lipid A from CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate and lipid IV(A).
AC ULS00230
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-
DE octulosonate and lipid IV(A) to KDO(2)-lipid A. It is composed of 4
DE enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00360; KDO(2)-lipid A biosynthesis.
//
ID 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine from nicotine (R-isomer route).
AC ULS00231
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of nicotine (R-isomer route)
DE to 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine. It is composed of 2 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00106; nicotine degradation.
//
ID UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinose from UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate.
AC ULS00232
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate
DE to UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinose. It is composed of 3
DE enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00032; UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinose biosynthesis.
//
ID 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinose undecaprenyl phosphate from UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinose and undecaprenyl phosphate.
AC ULS00233
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-
DE beta-L-arabinose and undecaprenyl phosphate to 4-amino-4-deoxy-
DE alpha-L-arabinose undecaprenyl phosphate. It is composed of 2
DE enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00036; 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinose undecaprenyl phosphate biosynthesis.
//
ID UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate from UDP-alpha-D-glucose.
AC ULS00234
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of UDP-alpha-D-glucose to
DE UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00038; UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate biosynthesis.
//
ID D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate and D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate from sedoheptulose 7-phosphate.
AC ULS00235
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of sedoheptulose 7-phosphate
DE to D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate and D-glycero-beta-D
DE -manno-heptose 7-phosphate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00041; D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate biosynthesis.
//
ID D-alanine from L-alanine.
AC ULS00236
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-alanine to D-alanine.
DE It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00042; D-alanine biosynthesis.
//
ID NH(3) and pyruvate from D-alanine.
AC ULS00237
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-alanine to NH(3) and
DE pyruvate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00043; D-alanine degradation.
//
ID cyanurate from atrazine.
AC ULS00238
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of atrazine to cyanurate. It
DE is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00008; atrazine degradation.
//
ID biuret from cyanurate.
AC ULS00239
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of cyanurate to biuret. It
DE is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00008; atrazine degradation.
//
ID phosphatidylglycerol from CDP-diacylglycerol.
AC ULS00240
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of CDP-diacylglycerol to
DE phosphatidylglycerol. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00084; phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis.
//
ID glycine from L-threonine.
AC ULS00241
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-threonine to glycine.
DE It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00046; L-threonine degradation via oxydo-reductase pathway.
//
ID propanoate from L-threonine.
AC ULS00242
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-threonine to
DE propanoate. It is composed of 4 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00052; L-threonine degradation via propanoate pathway.
//
ID CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-mannose from CTP and alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.
AC ULS00243
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of CTP and alpha-D-glucose
DE 1-phosphate to CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-mannose. It is composed of 5
DE enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00055; CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-mannose biosynthesis.
//
ID alpha-ribazole from 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole.
AC ULS00244
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole
DE to alpha-ribazole. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00061; alpha-ribazole biosynthesis.
//
ID D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate from D-galactonate.
AC ULS00245
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-galactonate to
DE D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate. It is composed of 3
DE enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00081; D-galactonate degradation.
//
ID vindoline from tabersonine.
AC ULS00246
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of tabersonine to vindoline.
DE It is composed of 6 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00365; vindoline biosynthesis.
//
ID alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate from D-fructose 6-phosphate.
AC ULS00247
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-fructose 6-phosphate to
DE alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate. It is composed of one enzymatic
DE reaction.
HP UPA00113; UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine biosynthesis.
//
ID N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate from alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate (route I).
AC ULS00248
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of alpha-D-glucosamine
DE 6-phosphate (route I) to N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate. It
DE is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00113; UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine biosynthesis.
//
ID N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate from alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate (route II).
AC ULS00249
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of alpha-D-glucosamine
DE 6-phosphate (route II) to N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate. It
DE is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00113; UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine biosynthesis.
//
ID UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine from N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate.
AC ULS00250
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of N-acetyl-
DE alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate to UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine.
DE It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00113; UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine biosynthesis.
//
ID D-glucose from alpha,alpha-trehalose.
AC ULS00251
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of alpha,alpha-trehalose to
DE D-glucose. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00300; trehalose degradation.
//
ID hypotaurine from 2-aminoethanethiol.
AC ULS00252
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 2-aminoethanethiol to
DE hypotaurine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00012; taurine biosynthesis.
//
ID hypotaurine from L-cysteine.
AC ULS00253
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-cysteine to
DE hypotaurine. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00012; taurine biosynthesis.
//
ID taurine from hypotaurine.
AC ULS00254
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of hypotaurine to taurine.
DE It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00012; taurine biosynthesis.
//
ID taurine from L-cysteine.
AC ULS00255
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-cysteine to taurine. It
DE is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00012; taurine biosynthesis.
//
ID aminoacetaldehyde and sulfite from taurine.
AC ULS00256
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of taurine to
DE aminoacetaldehyde and sulfite. It is composed of one enzymatic
DE reaction.
HP UPA00336; taurine degradation via aerobic pathway.
//
ID acetyl phosphate and sulfite from taurine.
AC ULS00257
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of taurine to acetyl
DE phosphate and sulfite. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00336; taurine degradation via aerobic pathway.
//
ID sucrose from D-fructose 6-phosphate and UDP-alpha-D-glucose.
AC ULS00258
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-fructose 6-phosphate
DE and UDP-alpha-D-glucose to sucrose. It is composed of 2 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00371; sucrose biosynthesis.
//
ID 3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene from trans-4-coumarate.
AC ULS00259
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of trans-4-coumarate to
DE 3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00372; 3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene biosynthesis.
//
ID N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate from L-histidine.
AC ULS00260
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-histidine to
DE N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate. It is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00379; L-histidine degradation into L-glutamate.
//
ID L-glutamate from N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate (hydrolase route).
AC ULS00261
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate
DE (hydrolase route) to L-glutamate. It is composed of one enzymatic
DE reaction.
HP UPA00379; L-histidine degradation into L-glutamate.
//
ID L-glutamate from N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate (deiminase route).
AC ULS00262
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate
DE (deiminase route) to L-glutamate. It is composed of 2 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00379; L-histidine degradation into L-glutamate.
//
ID L-glutamate from N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate (transferase route).
AC ULS00263
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate
DE (transferase route) to L-glutamate. It is composed of one enzymatic
DE reaction.
HP UPA00379; L-histidine degradation into L-glutamate.
//
ID staphyloxanthin from farnesyl diphosphate.
AC ULS00264
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of farnesyl diphosphate to
DE staphyloxanthin. It is composed of 5 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00029; staphyloxanthin biosynthesis.
//
ID ethylene from S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
AC ULS00265
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of S-adenosyl-L-methionine
DE to ethylene. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00384; ethylene biosynthesis via S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
//
ID geranylgeranyl diphosphate from farnesyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate.
AC ULS00266
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of farnesyl diphosphate and
DE isopentenyl diphosphate to geranylgeranyl diphosphate. It is composed
DE of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00389; geranylgeranyl diphosphate biosynthesis.
//
ID 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate from L-arabinose.
AC ULS00267
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-arabinose to
DE 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate. It is composed of 3 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00141; L-arabinose degradation via L-arabinono-1,4-lactone pathway.
//
ID glycolaldehyde and pyruvate from 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate.
AC ULS00268
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate to glycolaldehyde and pyruvate. It is
DE composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00141; L-arabinose degradation via L-arabinono-1,4-lactone pathway.
//
ID 2-oxoglutarate from 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate.
AC ULS00269
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate to 2-oxoglutarate. It is composed of 2
DE enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00141; L-arabinose degradation via L-arabinono-1,4-lactone pathway.
//
ID D-xylulose 5-phosphate from L-arabinose (fungal route).
AC ULS00270
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-arabinose (fungal
DE route) to D-xylulose 5-phosphate. It is composed of 5 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00146; L-arabinose degradation via L-arabinitol.
//
ID creatine from L-arginine and glycine.
AC ULS00271
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-arginine and glycine to
DE creatine. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00104; creatine biosynthesis.
//
ID pentalenene from farnesyl diphosphate.
AC ULS00272
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of farnesyl diphosphate to
DE pentalenene. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00171; pentalenene biosynthesis.
//
ID aristolochene from farnesyl diphosphate.
AC ULS00273
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of farnesyl diphosphate to
DE aristolochene. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00177; aristolochene biosynthesis.
//
ID germacradienol from farnesyl diphosphate.
AC ULS00274
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of farnesyl diphosphate to
DE germacradienol. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00283; germacradienol biosynthesis.
//
ID germacrene D from farnesyl diphosphate.
AC ULS00275
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of farnesyl diphosphate to
DE germacrene D. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00285; germacrene D biosynthesis.
//
ID NH(3) and pyruvate from L-alanine.
AC ULS00276
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-alanine to NH(3) and
DE pyruvate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00527; L-alanine degradation via dehydrogenase pathway.
//
ID pyruvate from L-alanine.
AC ULS00277
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-alanine to pyruvate. It
DE is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00528; L-alanine degradation via transaminase pathway.
//
ID betaine aldehyde from choline (dehydrogenase route).
AC ULS00278
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of choline (dehydrogenase
DE route) to betaine aldehyde. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00529; betaine biosynthesis via choline pathway.
//
ID 4-pyridoxate from pyridoxal.
AC ULS00279
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of pyridoxal to
DE 4-pyridoxate. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00192; B6 vitamer degradation.
//
ID pyridoxal from pyridoxine (oxidase route).
AC ULS00280
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of pyridoxine (oxidase
DE route) to pyridoxal. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00192; B6 vitamer degradation.
//
ID protein N(6)-(lipoyl)lysine from lipoate.
AC ULS00281
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of lipoate to protein
DE N(6)-(lipoyl)lysine. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00537; protein lipoylation via exogenous pathway.
//
ID protein N(6)-(lipoyl)lysine from octanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein].
AC ULS00282
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of octanoyl-[acyl-carrier-
DE protein] to protein N(6)-(lipoyl)lysine. It is composed of 2 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00538; protein lipoylation via endogenous pathway.
//
ID thiamine diphosphate from thiamine phosphate.
AC ULS00283
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of thiamine phosphate to
DE thiamine diphosphate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00060; thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis.
//
ID thiamine phosphate from thiamine.
AC ULS00284
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of thiamine to thiamine
DE phosphate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00060; thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis.
//
ID thiamine diphosphate from thiamine.
AC ULS00285
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of thiamine to thiamine
DE diphosphate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00060; thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis.
//
ID CO(2) and formate from oxalate.
AC ULS00286
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of oxalate to CO(2) and
DE formate. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00540; oxalate degradation.
//
ID NAD(+) from nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide.
AC ULS00287
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of nicotinamide
DE D-ribonucleotide to NAD(+). It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00253; NAD(+) biosynthesis.
//
ID glycerone phosphate from L-rhamnose.
AC ULS00288
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-rhamnose to glycerone
DE phosphate. It is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00541; L-rhamnose degradation.
//
ID lactose 6-phosphate from alpha-lactose (PTS route).
AC ULS00289
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of alpha-lactose (PTS route)
DE to lactose 6-phosphate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00542; lactose degradation.
//
ID D-galactose 6-phosphate and beta-D-glucose from lactose 6-phosphate.
AC ULS00290
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of lactose 6-phosphate to
DE D-galactose 6-phosphate and beta-D-glucose. It is composed of one
DE enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00542; lactose degradation.
//
ID GDP-D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose from D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate.
AC ULS00291
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-
DE heptose 7-phosphate to GDP-D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose. It is
DE composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00543; GDP-D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose biosynthesis.
//
ID cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate from 2-phospho-D-glycerate.
AC ULS00292
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 2-phospho-D-glycerate to
DE cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. It is composed of 2 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00551; cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate biosynthesis.
//
ID (S)-lactate from pyruvate.
AC ULS00293
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of pyruvate to (S)-lactate.
DE It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00554; pyruvate fermentation to lactate.
//
ID CDP-diacylglycerol from sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.
AC ULS00294
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
DE to CDP-diacylglycerol. It is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00557; CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthesis.
//
ID phosphatidylethanolamine from CDP-diacylglycerol.
AC ULS00295
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of CDP-diacylglycerol to
DE phosphatidylethanolamine. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00558; phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis.
//
ID acetate and pyruvate from L-glutamate.
AC ULS00296
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-glutamate to acetate
DE and pyruvate. It is composed of 4 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00561; L-glutamate degradation via mesaconate pathway.
//
ID formate from formaldehyde (glutathione route).
AC ULS00297
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of formaldehyde (glutathione
DE route) to formate. It is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00562; formaldehyde degradation.
//
ID L-lactaldehyde and glycerone phosphate from L-fucose.
AC ULS00298
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-fucose to
DE L-lactaldehyde and glycerone phosphate. It is composed of 3 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00563; L-fucose degradation.
//
ID 2,5-dioxopentanoate from D-glucarate.
AC ULS00299
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-glucarate to
DE 2,5-dioxopentanoate. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00564; D-glucarate degradation.
//
ID D-glycerate from D-galactarate.
AC ULS00300
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-galactarate to
DE D-glycerate. It is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00565; D-galactarate degradation.
//
ID uridine from cytidine.
AC ULS00301
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of cytidine to uridine. It
DE is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00574; UMP biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
//
ID uracil from uridine (phosphorylase route).
AC ULS00302
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of uridine (phosphorylase
DE route) to uracil. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00574; UMP biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
//
ID uracil from uridine (hydrolase route).
AC ULS00303
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of uridine (hydrolase route)
DE to uracil. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00574; UMP biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
//
ID UMP from uracil.
AC ULS00304
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of uracil to UMP. It is
DE composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00574; UMP biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
//
ID UMP from uridine.
AC ULS00305
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of uridine to UMP. It is
DE composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00574; UMP biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
//
ID dTMP from thymine.
AC ULS00306
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of thymine to dTMP. It is
DE composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00578; dTMP biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
//
ID CTP from cytidine.
AC ULS00307
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of cytidine to CTP. It is
DE composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00579; CTP biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
//
ID malonate and urea from uracil.
AC ULS00308
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of uracil to malonate and
DE urea. It is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00582; uracil degradation via oxidative pathway.
//
ID AMP from adenine.
AC ULS00309
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of adenine to AMP. It is
DE composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00588; AMP biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
//
ID IMP from inosine.
AC ULS00310
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of inosine to IMP. It is
DE composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00591; IMP biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
//
ID IMP from hypoxanthine.
AC ULS00311
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of hypoxanthine to IMP. It
DE is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00591; IMP biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
//
ID AMP from ADP.
AC ULS00312
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of ADP to AMP. It is
DE composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00588; AMP biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
//
ID (S)-allantoin from urate.
AC ULS00313
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of urate to (S)-allantoin.
DE It is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00394; urate degradation.
//
ID allantoate from (S)-allantoin.
AC ULS00314
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of (S)-allantoin to
DE allantoate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00395; (S)-allantoin degradation.
//
ID (S)-ureidoglycolate from allantoate (aminidohydrolase route).
AC ULS00315
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of allantoate
DE (aminidohydrolase route) to (S)-ureidoglycolate. It is composed of one
DE enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00395; (S)-allantoin degradation.
//
ID (S)-ureidoglycolate from allantoate (amidohydrolase route).
AC ULS00316
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of allantoate
DE (amidohydrolase route) to (S)-ureidoglycolate. It is composed of one
DE enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00395; (S)-allantoin degradation.
//
ID glyoxylate from (S)-ureidoglycolate.
AC ULS00317
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of (S)-ureidoglycolate to
DE glyoxylate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00395; (S)-allantoin degradation.
//
ID oxalurate from (S)-ureidoglycolate.
AC ULS00318
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of (S)-ureidoglycolate to
DE oxalurate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00395; (S)-allantoin degradation.
//
ID XMP from xanthine.
AC ULS00319
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of xanthine to XMP. It is
DE composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00602; XMP biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
//
ID AMP from adenosine.
AC ULS00320
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of adenosine to AMP. It is
DE composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00588; AMP biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
//
ID xanthine from guanine.
AC ULS00321
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of guanine to xanthine. It
DE is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00603; guanine degradation.
//
ID urate from hypoxanthine.
AC ULS00322
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of hypoxanthine to urate. It
DE is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00604; hypoxanthine degradation.
//
ID IMP from AMP.
AC ULS00323
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of AMP to IMP. It is
DE composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00591; IMP biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
//
ID phosphatidate from CDP-diacylglycerol.
AC ULS00324
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of CDP-diacylglycerol to
DE phosphatidate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00609; CDP-diacylglycerol degradation.
//
ID dUMP from dCTP (dUTP route).
AC ULS00325
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of dCTP (dUTP route) to
DE dUMP. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00610; dUMP biosynthesis.
//
ID dUMP from dCTP.
AC ULS00326
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of dCTP to dUMP. It is
DE composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00610; dUMP biosynthesis.
//
ID glycerone phosphate from glycerol (oxidative route).
AC ULS00327
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of glycerol (oxidative
DE route) to glycerone phosphate. It is composed of 2 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00617; glycerol fermentation.
//
ID propane-1,3-diol from glycerol (reductive route).
AC ULS00328
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of glycerol (reductive
DE route) to propane-1,3-diol. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00617; glycerol fermentation.
//
ID sn-glycerol 3-phosphate from glycerol.
AC ULS00329
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of glycerol to sn-glycerol
DE 3-phosphate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00618; glycerol degradation via glycerol kinase pathway.
//
ID glycerone phosphate from sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (anaerobic route).
AC ULS00330
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
DE (anaerobic route) to glycerone phosphate. It is composed of one
DE enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00618; glycerol degradation via glycerol kinase pathway.
//
ID glycerone phosphate from sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (aerobic route).
AC ULS00331
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
DE (aerobic route) to glycerone phosphate. It is composed of one
DE enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00618; glycerol degradation via glycerol kinase pathway.
//
ID (R)-lactate from methylglyoxal.
AC ULS00332
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of methylglyoxal to
DE (R)-lactate. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00619; methylglyoxal degradation.
//
ID (R,R)-butane-2,3-diol from pyruvate.
AC ULS00333
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of pyruvate to
DE (R,R)-butane-2,3-diol. It is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00626; (R,R)-butane-2,3-diol biosynthesis.
//
ID D-fructose 6-phosphate from N-acetylneuraminate.
AC ULS00334
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of N-acetylneuraminate to
DE D-fructose 6-phosphate. It is composed of 5 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00629; N-acetylneuraminate degradation.
//
ID crotonoyl-CoA from L-glutamate.
AC ULS00335
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-glutamate to crotonoyl-
DE CoA. It is composed of 5 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00533; L-glutamate degradation via hydroxyglutarate pathway.
//
ID L-glutamate from 2-oxoglutarate and L-glutamine (NADP(+) route).
AC ULS00336
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 2-oxoglutarate and
DE L-glutamine (NADP(+) route) to L-glutamate. It is composed of one
DE enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00634; L-glutamate biosynthesis via GLT pathway.
//
ID L-glutamate from 2-oxoglutarate and L-glutamine (NAD(+) route).
AC ULS00337
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 2-oxoglutarate and
DE L-glutamine (NAD(+) route) to L-glutamate. It is composed of one
DE enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00634; L-glutamate biosynthesis via GLT pathway.
//
ID L-glutamate from 2-oxoglutarate and L-glutamine (ferredoxin route).
AC ULS00338
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 2-oxoglutarate and
DE L-glutamine (ferredoxin route) to L-glutamate. It is composed of one
DE enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00634; L-glutamate biosynthesis via GLT pathway.
//
ID 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin from CO(2).
AC ULS00339
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of CO(2) to
DE 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin. It is composed of 3
DE enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00640; methanogenesis from CO(2).
//
ID 5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin from 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin (coenzyme F420 route).
AC ULS00340
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin (coenzyme F420 route) to
DE 5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin. It is composed of one
DE enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00640; methanogenesis from CO(2).
//
ID 5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin from 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin (hydrogen route).
AC ULS00341
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin (hydrogen route) to
DE 5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin. It is composed of one
DE enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00640; methanogenesis from CO(2).
//
ID methyl-coenzyme M from 5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin.
AC ULS00342
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE 5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin to methyl-coenzyme M.
DE It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00640; methanogenesis from CO(2).
//
ID methane from methyl-coenzyme M.
AC ULS00343
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of methyl-coenzyme M to
DE methane. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00646; methyl-coenzyme M reduction.
//
ID coenzyme B and coenzyme M from coenzyme M-coenzyme B heterodisulfide.
AC ULS00344
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of coenzyme M-coenzyme B
DE heterodisulfide to coenzyme B and coenzyme M. It is composed of one
DE enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00647; coenzyme M-coenzyme B heterodisulfide reduction.
//
ID formate from formaldehyde (H(4)MPT route).
AC ULS00345
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of formaldehyde (H(4)MPT
DE route) to formate. It is composed of 5 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00562; formaldehyde degradation.
//
ID uracil from cytosine.
AC ULS00346
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of cytosine to uracil. It is
DE composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00574; UMP biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
//
ID dinitrogen from nitrate.
AC ULS00347
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of nitrate to dinitrogen. It
DE is composed of 4 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00652; nitrate reduction (denitrification).
//
ID acetyl-CoA from malonyl-CoA.
AC ULS00348
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of malonyl-CoA to acetyl-
DE CoA. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00340; acetyl-CoA biosynthesis.
//
ID malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA.
AC ULS00349
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-
DE CoA. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00655; malonyl-CoA biosynthesis.
//
ID heme A from heme O.
AC ULS00350
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of heme O to heme A. It is
DE composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00269; heme A biosynthesis.
//
ID D-tagatose 6-phosphate from D-galactose 6-phosphate.
AC ULS00351
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-galactose 6-phosphate
DE to D-tagatose 6-phosphate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00702; D-galactose 6-phosphate degradation.
//
ID isocitrate from oxaloacetate.
AC ULS00352
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of oxaloacetate to
DE isocitrate. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00223; tricarboxylic acid cycle.
HP UPA00703; glyoxylate cycle.
//
ID (S)-malate from isocitrate.
AC ULS00353
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of isocitrate to (S)-malate.
DE It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00703; glyoxylate cycle.
//
ID oxaloacetate from (S)-malate.
AC ULS00354
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of (S)-malate to
DE oxaloacetate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00223; tricarboxylic acid cycle.
HP UPA00703; glyoxylate cycle.
//
ID D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and glycerone phosphate from D-tagatose 6-phosphate.
AC ULS00355
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-tagatose 6-phosphate to
DE D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and glycerone phosphate. It is composed
DE of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00704; D-tagatose 6-phosphate degradation.
//
ID phenylacetate from L-phenylalanine.
AC ULS00356
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-phenylalanine to
DE phenylacetate. It is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00139; L-phenylalanine degradation.
//
ID trans-cinnamate from L-phenylalanine.
AC ULS00357
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-phenylalanine to trans-
DE cinnamate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00713; trans-cinnamate biosynthesis.
//
ID kynurenate from L-kynurenine.
AC ULS00358
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-kynurenine to
DE kynurenate. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00334; L-kynurenine degradation.
//
ID 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate from phthalate.
AC ULS00359
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of phthalate to
DE 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate. It is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00726; phthalate degradation.
//
ID 1,3-diaminopropane from L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde.
AC ULS00360
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-aspartate
DE 4-semialdehyde to 1,3-diaminopropane. It is composed of 2 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00010; 1,3-diaminopropane biosynthesis.
//
ID dopamine from L-tyrosine.
AC ULS00361
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-tyrosine to dopamine.
DE It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00747; dopamine biosynthesis.
//
ID (R)-noradrenaline from dopamine.
AC ULS00362
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of dopamine to
DE (R)-noradrenaline. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00748; (R)-noradrenaline biosynthesis.
//
ID (R)-adrenaline from (R)-noradrenaline.
AC ULS00363
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of (R)-noradrenaline to
DE (R)-adrenaline. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00749; (R)-adrenaline biosynthesis.
//
ID phosphocholine from choline.
AC ULS00364
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of choline to
DE phosphocholine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00753; phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis.
//
ID phosphocholine from phosphoethanolamine.
AC ULS00365
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of phosphoethanolamine to
DE phosphocholine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00753; phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis.
//
ID phosphatidylcholine from phosphocholine.
AC ULS00366
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of phosphocholine to
DE phosphatidylcholine. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00753; phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis.
//
ID phosphatidylethanolamine from ethanolamine.
AC ULS00367
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of ethanolamine to
DE phosphatidylethanolamine. It is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00558; phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis.
//
ID dhurrin from L-tyrosine.
AC ULS00368
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-tyrosine to dhurrin. It
DE is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00757; dhurrin biosynthesis.
//
ID AMP from 3',5'-cyclic AMP.
AC ULS00369
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 3',5'-cyclic AMP to AMP.
DE It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00762; 3',5'-cyclic AMP degradation.
//
ID GMP from 3',5'-cyclic GMP.
AC ULS00370
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 3',5'-cyclic GMP to GMP.
DE It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00763; 3',5'-cyclic GMP degradation.
//
ID 5-valerolactone from cyclopentanol.
AC ULS00371
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of cyclopentanol to
DE 5-valerolactone. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00764; cyclopentanol degradation.
//
ID lanosterol from farnesyl diphosphate.
AC ULS00372
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of farnesyl diphosphate to
DE lanosterol. It is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00767; lanosterol biosynthesis.
//
ID zymosterol from lanosterol.
AC ULS00373
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of lanosterol to zymosterol.
DE It is composed of 6 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00770; zymosterol biosynthesis.
//
ID ergosterol from zymosterol.
AC ULS00374
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of zymosterol to ergosterol.
DE It is composed of 5 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00768; ergosterol biosynthesis.
//
ID dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone from D-arabinose.
AC ULS00375
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-arabinose to
DE dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone. It is composed of 2 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00771; D-erythroascorbate biosynthesis.
//
ID acetate from ethanol.
AC ULS00376
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of ethanol to acetate. It is
DE composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00780; ethanol degradation.
//
ID D-glucose 6-phosphate and lysine from fructoselysine.
AC ULS00377
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of fructoselysine to
DE D-glucose 6-phosphate and lysine. It is composed of 2 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00784; fructoselysine degradation.
//
ID UDP-alpha-D-xylose from UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate.
AC ULS00378
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate
DE to UDP-alpha-D-xylose. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00796; UDP-alpha-D-xylose biosynthesis.
//
ID UDP-L-arabinose from UDP-alpha-D-xylose.
AC ULS00379
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of UDP-alpha-D-xylose to
DE UDP-L-arabinose. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00797; UDP-L-arabinose biosynthesis.
//
ID all-trans-phytoene from geranylgeranyl diphosphate.
AC ULS00380
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of geranylgeranyl
DE diphosphate to all-trans-phytoene. It is composed of one enzymatic
DE reaction.
HP UPA00799; phytoene biosynthesis.
//
ID capsanthin from antheraxanthin.
AC ULS00381
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of antheraxanthin to
DE capsanthin. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00806; capsanthin biosynthesis.
//
ID capsorubin from violaxanthin.
AC ULS00382
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of violaxanthin to
DE capsorubin. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00807; capsorubin biosynthesis.
//
ID 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate and salicylate from dibenzofuran.
AC ULS00383
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of dibenzofuran to
DE 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate and salicylate. It is composed of 3
DE enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00808; dibenzofuran degradation.
//
ID 2-hydroxymuconate and catechol from dibenzo-p-dioxin.
AC ULS00384
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of dibenzo-p-dioxin to
DE 2-hydroxymuconate and catechol. It is composed of 3 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00809; dibenzo-p-dioxin degradation.
//
ID D-sorbitol 6-phosphate from D-sorbitol.
AC ULS00385
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-sorbitol to D-sorbitol
DE 6-phosphate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00812; D-sorbitol degradation.
//
ID D-fructose 6-phosphate from D-sorbitol 6-phosphate.
AC ULS00386
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-sorbitol 6-phosphate to
DE D-fructose 6-phosphate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00812; D-sorbitol degradation.
//
ID D-sorbitol from D-fructose and D-glucose.
AC ULS00387
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-fructose and D-glucose
DE to D-sorbitol. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00815; D-sorbitol biosynthesis.
//
ID D-gluconate from D-glucono-1,5-lactone.
AC ULS00388
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-glucono-1,5-lactone to
DE D-gluconate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00814; D-gluconate biosynthesis.
//
ID histamine from L-histidine.
AC ULS00389
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-histidine to histamine.
DE It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00822; histamine biosynthesis.
//
ID myo-inositol from D-glucose 6-phosphate.
AC ULS00390
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-glucose 6-phosphate to
DE myo-inositol. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00823; myo-inositol biosynthesis.
//
ID trans-4-coumarate from trans-cinnamate.
AC ULS00391
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of trans-cinnamate to
DE trans-4-coumarate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00825; trans-4-coumarate biosynthesis.
//
ID nicotinate from nicotinamide.
AC ULS00392
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of nicotinamide to
DE nicotinate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00830; nicotinate biosynthesis.
HP UPA01009; nicotinate metabolism.
//
ID heme O from protoheme.
AC ULS00393
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of protoheme to heme O. It
DE is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00834; heme O biosynthesis.
//
ID 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate from 3-phenylpropanoate.
AC ULS00395
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 3-phenylpropanoate to
DE 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate. It is composed of 2 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00714; 3-phenylpropanoate degradation.
//
ID acetaldehyde and pyruvate from 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate.
AC ULS00396
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate to acetaldehyde and pyruvate. It is
DE composed of 4 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00714; 3-phenylpropanoate degradation.
//
ID serotonin from L-tryptophan.
AC ULS00398
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-tryptophan to
DE serotonin. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00846; serotonin biosynthesis.
//
ID 2-hydroxy-3-oxosuccinate from L-tartrate.
AC ULS00399
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-tartrate to
DE 2-hydroxy-3-oxosuccinate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00839; tartrate degradation.
//
ID 2-hydroxy-3-oxosuccinate from meso-tartrate.
AC ULS00400
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of meso-tartrate to
DE 2-hydroxy-3-oxosuccinate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00839; tartrate degradation.
//
ID D-glycerate from 2-hydroxy-3-oxosuccinate.
AC ULS00401
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 2-hydroxy-3-oxosuccinate
DE to D-glycerate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00839; tartrate degradation.
//
ID D-glycerate from L-tartrate.
AC ULS00402
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-tartrate to
DE D-glycerate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00839; tartrate degradation.
//
ID 3-hydroxypyruvate from D-glycerate.
AC ULS00403
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-glycerate to
DE 3-hydroxypyruvate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00839; tartrate degradation.
//
ID 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine and 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole from thiamine.
AC ULS00404
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of thiamine to
DE 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine and
DE 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole. It is composed of one enzymatic
DE reaction.
HP UPA00841; thiamine degradation.
//
ID taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol from geranylgeranyl diphosphate.
AC ULS00405
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of geranylgeranyl
DE diphosphate to taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol. It is composed of 2
DE enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00842; taxol biosynthesis.
//
ID 10-deacetyl-2-debenzoylbaccatin III from taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol.
AC ULS00406
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of taxa-4(20),11-dien-
DE 5alpha-ol to 10-deacetyl-2-debenzoylbaccatin III. It is composed of 3
DE enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00842; taxol biosynthesis.
//
ID baccatin III from 10-deacetyl-2-debenzoylbaccatin III.
AC ULS00407
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE 10-deacetyl-2-debenzoylbaccatin III to baccatin III. It is composed of
DE 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00842; taxol biosynthesis.
//
ID taxol from baccatin III.
AC ULS00408
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of baccatin III to taxol. It
DE is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00842; taxol biosynthesis.
//
ID melatonin from serotonin.
AC ULS00409
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of serotonin to melatonin.
DE It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00837; melatonin biosynthesis.
//
ID 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate from GTP.
AC ULS00410
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of GTP to
DE 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate. It is composed of one enzymatic
DE reaction.
HP UPA00848; 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate biosynthesis.
//
ID 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate from 7,8-dihydrofolate.
AC ULS00411
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 7,8-dihydrofolate to
DE 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00077; tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis.
//
ID 7,8-dihydrofolate from folate.
AC ULS00412
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of folate to
DE 7,8-dihydrofolate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00077; tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis.
//
ID tetrahydrobiopterin from 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate.
AC ULS00413
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 7,8-dihydroneopterin
DE triphosphate to tetrahydrobiopterin. It is composed of 3 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00849; tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis.
//
ID tetrahydrobiopterin from biopterin.
AC ULS00414
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of biopterin to
DE tetrahydrobiopterin. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00849; tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis.
//
ID 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate from pectin.
AC ULS00415
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of pectin to
DE 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate. It is composed of 5 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00545; pectin degradation.
//
ID D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate from 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate.
AC ULS00416
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate to D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and
DE pyruvate. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00856; 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate degradation.
//
ID 3-phospho-D-glycerate from glycolate.
AC ULS00417
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of glycolate to
DE 3-phospho-D-glycerate. It is composed of 4 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00864; glycolate degradation.
//
ID glycolate from 2-phosphoglycolate.
AC ULS00418
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 2-phosphoglycolate to
DE glycolate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00865; glycolate biosynthesis.
//
ID glutaryl-CoA from L-lysine.
AC ULS00419
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-lysine to glutaryl-CoA.
DE It is composed of 6 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00868; L-lysine degradation via saccharopine pathway.
//
ID glutarate from L-lysine.
AC ULS00420
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-lysine to glutarate. It
DE is composed of 6 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00869; L-lysine degradation via acetylation pathway.
//
ID 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one from indoleglycerol phosphate.
AC ULS00421
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of indoleglycerol phosphate
DE to 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one. It is composed of 5 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00872; 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one biosynthesis.
//
ID benzoate from (R)-mandelate.
AC ULS00422
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of (R)-mandelate to
DE benzoate. It is composed of 4 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00873; (R)-mandelate degradation.
//
ID tetrahydrobiopterin from dihydrobiopterin.
AC ULS00423
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of dihydrobiopterin to
DE tetrahydrobiopterin. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00849; tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis.
//
ID 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate from L-leucine (aminotransferase route).
AC ULS00424
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-leucine
DE (aminotransferase route) to 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate. It is composed
DE of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00363; L-leucine degradation.
//
ID 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate from L-leucine (dehydrogenase route).
AC ULS00425
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-leucine (dehydrogenase
DE route) to 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate. It is composed of one enzymatic
DE reaction.
HP UPA00363; L-leucine degradation.
//
ID 3-isovaleryl-CoA from 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate.
AC ULS00426
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate
DE to 3-isovaleryl-CoA. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00363; L-leucine degradation.
//
ID (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA from 3-isovaleryl-CoA.
AC ULS00427
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 3-isovaleryl-CoA to
DE (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA. It is composed of 3 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00363; L-leucine degradation.
//
ID (1S,4R)-1-hydroxylimonen-2-one from (4R)-limonene.
AC ULS00428
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of (4R)-limonene to
DE (1S,4R)-1-hydroxylimonen-2-one. It is composed of 3 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00987; (4R)-limonene degradation.
//
ID (1R,4S)-isodihydrocarvone from (4R)-limonene.
AC ULS00429
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of (4R)-limonene to
DE (1R,4S)-isodihydrocarvone. It is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00987; (4R)-limonene degradation.
//
ID formaldehyde from methylamine.
AC ULS00430
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of methylamine to
DE formaldehyde. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00895; methylamine degradation.
//
ID acetoacetate from (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA.
AC ULS00431
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of (S)-3-hydroxy-3
DE -methylglutaryl-CoA to acetoacetate. It is composed of one enzymatic
DE reaction.
HP UPA00896; (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA degradation.
//
ID S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate from S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine (hydrolase route).
AC ULS00432
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine
DE (hydrolase route) to S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate. It is
DE composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00904; L-methionine biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
//
ID S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate from S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine (phosphorylase route).
AC ULS00433
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine
DE (phosphorylase route) to S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
DE It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00904; L-methionine biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
//
ID L-methionine from S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
AC ULS00434
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of S-methyl-5-thio-
DE alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate to L-methionine. It is composed of 6
DE enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00904; L-methionine biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
//
ID 4-aminobutanoate from putrescine.
AC ULS00435
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of putrescine to
DE 4-aminobutanoate. It is composed of 4 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00188; putrescine degradation.
//
ID ppGpp from GTP.
AC ULS00436
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of GTP to ppGpp. It is
DE composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00908; ppGpp biosynthesis.
//
ID ppGpp from GDP.
AC ULS00437
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of GDP to ppGpp. It is
DE composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00908; ppGpp biosynthesis.
//
ID GMP from guanine.
AC ULS00438
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of guanine to GMP. It is
DE composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00909; GMP biosynthesis via salvage pathway.
//
ID D-ribose 5-phosphate from beta-D-ribopyranose.
AC ULS00439
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of beta-D-ribopyranose to
DE D-ribose 5-phosphate. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00916; D-ribose degradation.
//
ID nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide from 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate and nicotinamide.
AC ULS00440
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose
DE 1-diphosphate and nicotinamide to nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide. It is
DE composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00253; NAD(+) biosynthesis.
//
ID formate from pyruvate.
AC ULS00441
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of pyruvate to formate. It
DE is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00920; pyruvate fermentation.
//
ID stachyose from raffinose.
AC ULS00442
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of raffinose to stachyose.
DE It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00925; stachyose biosynthesis.
//
ID formaldehyde from methanol.
AC ULS00443
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of methanol to formaldehyde.
DE It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00928; methanol degradation.
//
ID acetoacetyl-CoA from succinyl-CoA.
AC ULS00444
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of succinyl-CoA to
DE acetoacetyl-CoA. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00929; succinyl-CoA degradation.
//
ID L-seryl-tRNA(Sec) from L-serine and tRNA(Sec).
AC ULS00445
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-serine and tRNA(Sec) to
DE L-seryl-tRNA(Sec). It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00906; selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) biosynthesis.
//
ID selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) from L-seryl-tRNA(Sec) (archaeal/eukaryal route).
AC ULS00446
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-seryl-tRNA(Sec)
DE (archaeal/eukaryal route) to selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec). It is composed
DE of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00906; selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) biosynthesis.
//
ID selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) from L-seryl-tRNA(Sec) (bacterial route).
AC ULS00447
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-seryl-tRNA(Sec)
DE (bacterial route) to selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec). It is composed of one
DE enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00906; selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) biosynthesis.
//
ID 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide from 5-[(5-phospho-1-deoxyribulos-1-ylamino)methylideneamino]-1-(5-phosphoribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.
AC ULS00448
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 5-[(5-phospho-1-deoxyribu
DE los-1-ylamino)methylideneamino]-1-(5-phosphoribosyl)imidazole-4-carbox
DE amide to 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide. It is
DE composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00074; IMP biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID acetaldehyde and pyruvate from p-cumate.
AC ULS00449
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of p-cumate to acetaldehyde
DE and pyruvate. It is composed of 7 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00937; p-cumate degradation.
//
ID succinyl-CoA from propanoyl-CoA.
AC ULS00450
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of propanoyl-CoA to
DE succinyl-CoA. It is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00945; propanoyl-CoA degradation.
//
ID glycine from 2-phosphoglycolate.
AC ULS00451
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 2-phosphoglycolate to
DE glycine. It is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00951; photorespiration.
//
ID 3-phospho-D-glycerate from glycine.
AC ULS00452
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of glycine to
DE 3-phospho-D-glycerate. It is composed of 4 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00951; photorespiration.
//
ID 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine from nicotine (S-isomer route).
AC ULS00453
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of nicotine (S-isomer route)
DE to 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine. It is composed of 2 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00106; nicotine degradation.
//
ID 2,6-dihydroxypyridine and 4-(methylamino)butanoate from 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine.
AC ULS00454
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine to 2,6-dihydroxypyridine and
DE 4-(methylamino)butanoate. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00106; nicotine degradation.
//
ID 2-deoxystreptamine from D-glucose 6-phosphate.
AC ULS00455
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-glucose 6-phosphate to
DE 2-deoxystreptamine. It is composed of 4 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00907; 2-deoxystreptamine biosynthesis.
//
ID (4S)-limonene from geranyl diphosphate.
AC ULS00456
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of geranyl diphosphate to
DE (4S)-limonene. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00984; (4S)-limonene biosynthesis.
//
ID (4R)-limonene from geranyl diphosphate.
AC ULS00457
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of geranyl diphosphate to
DE (4R)-limonene. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00983; (4R)-limonene biosynthesis.
//
ID (-)-alpha-pinene from geranyl diphosphate.
AC ULS00458
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of geranyl diphosphate to
DE (-)-alpha-pinene. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00985; (-)-alpha-pinene biosynthesis.
//
ID (-)-beta-pinene from geranyl diphosphate.
AC ULS00459
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of geranyl diphosphate to
DE (-)-beta-pinene. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00986; (-)-beta-pinene biosynthesis.
//
ID FMN from riboflavin (CTP route).
AC ULS00460
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of riboflavin (CTP route) to
DE FMN. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00276; FMN biosynthesis.
//
ID GDP-alpha-D-mannose from alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate (GTP route).
AC ULS00462
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of alpha-D-mannose
DE 1-phosphate (GTP route) to GDP-alpha-D-mannose. It is composed of one
DE enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00126; GDP-alpha-D-mannose biosynthesis.
//
ID GDP-alpha-D-mannose from alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate (GDP route).
AC ULS00463
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of alpha-D-mannose
DE 1-phosphate (GDP route) to GDP-alpha-D-mannose. It is composed of one
DE enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00126; GDP-alpha-D-mannose biosynthesis.
//
ID L-ascorbate from GDP-alpha-D-mannose.
AC ULS00464
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of GDP-alpha-D-mannose to
DE L-ascorbate. It is composed of 5 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00990; L-ascorbate biosynthesis via GDP-alpha-D-mannose pathway.
//
ID L-ascorbate from UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate.
AC ULS00465
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate
DE to L-ascorbate. It is composed of 4 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00991; L-ascorbate biosynthesis via UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate pathway.
//
ID phosphatidylcholine from choline.
AC ULS00466
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of choline to
DE phosphatidylcholine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00753; phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis.
//
ID CO(2) and NH(3) from carbamoyl phosphate.
AC ULS00467
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of carbamoyl phosphate to
DE CO(2) and NH(3). It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00996; carbamoyl phosphate degradation.
//
ID putrescine from N-carbamoylputrescine (amidase route).
AC ULS00468
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of N-carbamoylputrescine
DE (amidase route) to putrescine. It is composed of one enzymatic
DE reaction.
HP UPA00534; putrescine biosynthesis via agmatine pathway.
//
ID putrescine from N-carbamoylputrescine (transferase route).
AC ULS00469
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of N-carbamoylputrescine
DE (transferase route) to putrescine. It is composed of one enzymatic
DE reaction.
HP UPA00534; putrescine biosynthesis via agmatine pathway.
//
ID 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole from N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide.
AC ULS00470
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide to
DE 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole. It is composed of 2
DE enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00074; IMP biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate from 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole (carboxylase route).
AC ULS00471
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole (carboxylase route) to
DE 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate. It is composed
DE of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00074; IMP biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate from 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole (N5-CAIR route).
AC ULS00472
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole (N5-CAIR route) to
DE 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate. It is composed
DE of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00074; IMP biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide from 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate.
AC ULS00473
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of
DE 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate to
DE 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide. It is composed
DE of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00074; IMP biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID 8-amino-7-oxononanoate from pimeloyl-CoA.
AC ULS00474
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of pimeloyl-CoA to
DE 8-amino-7-oxononanoate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00078; biotin biosynthesis.
//
ID 7,8-diaminononanoate from 8-amino-7-oxononanoate (SAM route).
AC ULS00475
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 8-amino-7-oxononanoate
DE (SAM route) to 7,8-diaminononanoate. It is composed of one enzymatic
DE reaction.
HP UPA00078; biotin biosynthesis.
//
ID 7,8-diaminononanoate from 8-amino-7-oxononanoate (Lys route).
AC ULS00476
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 8-amino-7-oxononanoate
DE (Lys route) to 7,8-diaminononanoate. It is composed of one enzymatic
DE reaction.
HP UPA00078; biotin biosynthesis.
//
ID biotin from 7,8-diaminononanoate.
AC ULS00477
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 7,8-diaminononanoate to
DE biotin. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00078; biotin biosynthesis.
//
ID (S)-dihydroorotate from bicarbonate.
AC ULS00478
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of bicarbonate to
DE (S)-dihydroorotate. It is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00070; UMP biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID orotate from (S)-dihydroorotate (O2 route).
AC ULS00479
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of (S)-dihydroorotate (O2
DE route) to orotate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00070; UMP biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID orotate from (S)-dihydroorotate (NAD(+) route).
AC ULS00480
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of (S)-dihydroorotate
DE (NAD(+) route) to orotate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00070; UMP biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID orotate from (S)-dihydroorotate (quinone route).
AC ULS00481
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of (S)-dihydroorotate
DE (quinone route) to orotate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00070; UMP biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID UMP from orotate.
AC ULS00482
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of orotate to UMP. It is
DE composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00070; UMP biosynthesis via de novo pathway.
//
ID (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate from prephenate (NAD(+) route).
AC ULS00483
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of prephenate (NAD(+) route)
DE to (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate. It is composed of one enzymatic
DE reaction.
HP UPA00122; L-tyrosine biosynthesis.
//
ID (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate from prephenate (NADP(+) route).
AC ULS00484
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of prephenate (NADP(+)
DE route) to (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate. It is composed of one enzymatic
DE reaction.
HP UPA00122; L-tyrosine biosynthesis.
//
ID L-tyrosine from (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate.
AC ULS00485
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate
DE to L-tyrosine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00122; L-tyrosine biosynthesis.
//
ID L-tyrosine from L-arogenate (NAD(+) route).
AC ULS00486
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-arogenate (NAD(+)
DE route) to L-tyrosine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00122; L-tyrosine biosynthesis.
//
ID L-tyrosine from L-arogenate (NADP(+) route).
AC ULS00487
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-arogenate (NADP(+)
DE route) to L-tyrosine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00122; L-tyrosine biosynthesis.
//
ID 2-oxoglutarate from isocitrate (NADP(+) route).
AC ULS00488
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of isocitrate (NADP(+)
DE route) to 2-oxoglutarate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00223; tricarboxylic acid cycle.
//
ID 2-oxoglutarate from isocitrate (NAD(+) route).
AC ULS00489
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of isocitrate (NAD(+) route)
DE to 2-oxoglutarate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00223; tricarboxylic acid cycle.
//
ID succinyl-CoA from 2-oxoglutarate (dehydrogenase route).
AC ULS00490
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 2-oxoglutarate
DE (dehydrogenase route) to succinyl-CoA. It is composed of one enzymatic
DE reaction.
HP UPA00223; tricarboxylic acid cycle.
//
ID succinyl-CoA from 2-oxoglutarate (synthase route).
AC ULS00491
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 2-oxoglutarate (synthase
DE route) to succinyl-CoA. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00223; tricarboxylic acid cycle.
//
ID succinate from succinyl-CoA (ligase route).
AC ULS00492
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of succinyl-CoA (ligase
DE route) to succinate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00223; tricarboxylic acid cycle.
//
ID succinate from succinyl-CoA (transferase route).
AC ULS00493
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of succinyl-CoA (transferase
DE route) to succinate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00223; tricarboxylic acid cycle.
//
ID succinate from 2-oxoglutarate (transferase route).
AC ULS00494
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 2-oxoglutarate
DE (transferase route) to succinate. It is composed of 2 enzymatic
DE reactions.
HP UPA00223; tricarboxylic acid cycle.
//
ID fumarate from succinate (bacterial route).
AC ULS00495
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of succinate (bacterial
DE route) to fumarate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00223; tricarboxylic acid cycle.
//
ID fumarate from succinate (eukaryal route).
AC ULS00496
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of succinate (eukaryal
DE route) to fumarate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00223; tricarboxylic acid cycle.
//
ID (S)-malate from fumarate.
AC ULS00497
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of fumarate to (S)-malate.
DE It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00223; tricarboxylic acid cycle.
//
ID oxaloacetate from (S)-malate (quinone route).
AC ULS00498
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of (S)-malate (quinone
DE route) to oxaloacetate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00223; tricarboxylic acid cycle.
//
ID riboflavin from 2-hydroxy-3-oxobutyl phosphate and 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil.
AC ULS00499
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 2-hydroxy-3-oxobutyl
DE phosphate and 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil to riboflavin. It is
DE composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA00275; riboflavin biosynthesis.
//
ID beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside from D-fructose 6-phosphate and GDP-alpha-D-mannose.
AC ULS00500
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of D-fructose 6-phosphate
DE and GDP-alpha-D-mannose to beta-D-fructofuranosyl
DE alpha-D-mannopyranoside. It is composed of 2 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA01006; mannosylfructose biosynthesis.
//
ID 6-hydroxynicotinate from nicotinate.
AC ULS00501
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of nicotinate to
DE 6-hydroxynicotinate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA01010; nicotinate degradation.
//
ID propanoate and pyruvate from 6-hydroxynicotinate.
AC ULS00502
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 6-hydroxynicotinate to
DE propanoate and pyruvate. It is composed of 8 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA01010; nicotinate degradation.
//
ID 4-hydroxybenzoate from 4-chlorobenzoate.
AC ULS00503
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of 4-chlorobenzoate to
DE 4-hydroxybenzoate. It is composed of 3 enzymatic reactions.
HP UPA01011; 4-chlorobenzoate degradation.
//
ID glycine from L-serine.
AC ULS00504
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-serine to glycine. It
DE is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA00288; glycine biosynthesis.
//
ID L-aspartate from oxaloacetate.
AC ULS00505
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of oxaloacetate to
DE L-aspartate. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA01012; L-aspartate biosynthesis.
//
ID L-glutamine from L-glutamate.
AC ULS00506
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of L-glutamate to
DE L-glutamine. It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA01013; L-glutamine biosynthesis.
//
ID catechol from anthranilate.
AC ULS00507
CL Sub-pathway.
DE This sub-pathway describes the conversion of anthranilate to catechol.
DE It is composed of one enzymatic reaction.
HP UPA01016; anthranilate degradation via hydroxylation.
//
ID beta-alanine from L-aspartate: step 1/1.
AC UER00002
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-aspartate => 1 CO(2) + 1 beta-alanine.
HP ULS00002; beta-alanine from L-aspartate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.11.
DR KEGG; rn:R00489.
//
ID (R)-pantoate from 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate: step 1/2.
AC UER00003
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + 1 5,10-methylene-THF +
DE 1 H(2)O => 1 2-dehydropantoate + 1 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate.
HP ULS00003; (R)-pantoate from 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate.
DR ENZYME; 2.1.2.11.
DR KEGG; rn:R01226.
//
ID (R)-pantoate from 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate: step 2/2.
AC UER00004
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-dehydropantoate + 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH => 1 (R)-
DE pantoate + 1 NADP(+).
HP ULS00003; (R)-pantoate from 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.169.
DR PubMed; 17229734.
DR PubMed; 15966718.
DR PubMed; 10736170.
DR KEGG; rn:R02472.
//
ID (R)-pantothenate from (R)-pantoate and beta-alanine: step 1/1.
AC UER00005
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (R)-pantoate + 1 ATP + 1 beta-alanine => 1 (R)-
DE pantothenate + 1 AMP + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00004; (R)-pantothenate from (R)-pantoate and beta-alanine.
DR ENZYME; 6.3.2.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R02473.
//
ID L-histidine from 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate: step 1/9.
AC UER00006
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + 1 ATP =>
DE 1 1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-ATP + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00005; L-histidine from 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.4.2.17.
DR KEGG; rn:R01071.
//
ID L-histidine from 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate: step 2/9.
AC UER00007
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-ATP + 1 H(2)O => 1 1-(5-
DE phosphoribosyl)-5'-AMP + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00005; L-histidine from 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 3.6.1.31.
DR KEGG; rn:R04035.
//
ID L-histidine from 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate: step 3/9.
AC UER00008
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5'-AMP + 1 H(2)O => 1 5-(5-
DE phospho-D-ribosylaminoformimino)-1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-imidazole-4-
DE carboxamide.
HP ULS00005; L-histidine from 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.4.19.
DR KEGG; rn:R04037.
//
ID L-histidine from 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate: step 4/9.
AC UER00009
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-(5-phospho-D-ribosylaminoformimino)-1-(5-
DE phosphoribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide => 1 5-[(5-phospho-1-
DE deoxyribulos-1-ylamino)methylideneamino]-1-(5-
DE phosphoribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.
HP ULS00005; L-histidine from 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 5.3.1.16.
DR KEGG; rn:R04640.
//
ID L-histidine from 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate: step 5/9.
AC UER00010
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-[(5-phospho-1-deoxyribulos-1-
DE ylamino)methylideneamino]-1-(5-phosphoribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide
DE + 1 L-glutamine => 1 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-
DE carboxamide + 1 D-erythro-1-(imidazol-4-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate + 1 L-
DE glutamate.
HP ULS00005; L-histidine from 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.3.-.
DR ENZYME; 2.4.2.-.
DR PubMed; 1183930.
DR PubMed; 15363855.
DR PubMed; 11264293.
DR PubMed; 12795595.
DR PubMed; 16142895.
DR KEGG; rn:R04558.
//
ID L-histidine from 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate: step 6/9.
AC UER00011
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-erythro-1-(imidazol-4-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate
DE => 1 H(2)O + 1 imidazole-acetol phosphate.
HP ULS00005; L-histidine from 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.19.
DR KEGG; rn:R03457.
//
ID L-histidine from 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate: step 7/9.
AC UER00012
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-glutamate + 1 imidazole-acetol phosphate => 1
DE 2-oxoglutarate + 1 L-histidinol phosphate.
HP ULS00005; L-histidine from 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.9.
DR KEGG; rn:R03243.
//
ID L-histidine from 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate: step 8/9.
AC UER00013
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 L-histidinol phosphate => 1 L-
DE histidinol + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00005; L-histidine from 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.3.15.
DR KEGG; rn:R03013.
//
ID L-histidine from 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate: step 9/9.
AC UER00014
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 L-histidinol + 2 NAD(+) => 2 H(+) + 1
DE L-histidine + 2 NADH.
HP ULS00005; L-histidine from 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.23.
DR KEGG; rn:R01158.
//
ID (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate from L-aspartate: step 1/4.
AC UER00015
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 L-aspartate => 1 4-phospho-L-aspartate +
DE 1 ADP.
HP ULS00006; (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate from L-aspartate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.2.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R00480.
//
ID (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate from L-aspartate: step 2/4.
AC UER00016
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-phospho-L-aspartate + 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH => 1 L-
DE aspartate 4-semialdehyde + 1 NADP(+) + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00006; (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate from L-aspartate.
DR ENZYME; 1.2.1.11.
DR KEGG; rn:R02291.
//
ID (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate from L-aspartate: step 3/4.
AC UER00017
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + 1 pyruvate => 1 (S)-
DE 2,3-dihydrodipicolinate + 2 H(2)O.
HP ULS00006; (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate from L-aspartate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.52.
DR KEGG; rn:R02292.
//
ID (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate from L-aspartate: step 4/4.
AC UER00018
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: (S)-2,3-dihydrodipicolinate + H(+) + [NADH or
DE NADPH] => (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate + [NAD(+) or NADP(+)].
HP ULS00006; (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate from L-aspartate.
DR ENZYME; 1.3.1.26.
DR KEGG; rn:R04198.
DR KEGG; rn:R04199.
//
ID LL-2,6-diaminopimelate from (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate (succinylase route): step 1/3.
AC UER00019
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate + 1 H(2)O + 1
DE succinyl-CoA => 1 CoA + 1 L-2-succinylamino-6-oxopimelate.
HP ULS00007; LL-2,6-diaminopimelate from (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate (succinylase route).
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.117.
DR KEGG; rn:R04365.
//
ID LL-2,6-diaminopimelate from (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate (succinylase route): step 2/3.
AC UER00020
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-2-succinylamino-6-oxopimelate + 1 L-glutamate
DE => 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 N-succinyl-LL-2,6-diaminopimelate.
HP ULS00007; LL-2,6-diaminopimelate from (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate (succinylase route).
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.17.
DR PubMed; 10850974.
DR KEGG; rn:R04475.
//
ID LL-2,6-diaminopimelate from (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate (succinylase route): step 3/3.
AC UER00021
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 N-succinyl-LL-2,6-diaminopimelate => 1
DE LL-2,6-diaminopimelate + 1 succinate.
HP ULS00007; LL-2,6-diaminopimelate from (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate (succinylase route).
DR ENZYME; 3.5.1.18.
DR KEGG; rn:R02734.
//
ID LL-2,6-diaminopimelate from (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate (acetylase route): step 1/3.
AC UER00022
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate + 1 H(2)O + 1 acetyl-
DE CoA => 1 (S)-2-acetamido-6-oxopimelate + 1 CoA.
HP ULS00008; LL-2,6-diaminopimelate from (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate (acetylase route).
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.89.
DR KEGG; rn:R04364.
//
ID LL-2,6-diaminopimelate from (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate (acetylase route): step 2/3.
AC UER00023
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-2-acetamido-6-oxopimelate + 1 L-glutamate =>
DE 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 N-acetyl-LL-2,6-diaminopimelate.
HP ULS00008; LL-2,6-diaminopimelate from (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate (acetylase route).
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.-.
DR PubMed; 14627808.
DR KEGG; rn:R04467.
//
ID LL-2,6-diaminopimelate from (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate (acetylase route): step 3/3.
AC UER00024
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 N-acetyl-LL-2,6-diaminopimelate => 1
DE LL-2,6-diaminopimelate + 1 acetate.
HP ULS00008; LL-2,6-diaminopimelate from (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate (acetylase route).
DR ENZYME; 3.5.1.47.
DR KEGG; rn:R02733.
//
ID DL-2,6-diaminopimelate from LL-2,6-diaminopimelate: step 1/1.
AC UER00025
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 LL-2,6-diaminopimelate => 1 DL-2,6-
DE diaminopimelate.
HP ULS00009; DL-2,6-diaminopimelate from LL-2,6-diaminopimelate.
DR ENZYME; 5.1.1.7.
DR PubMed; 19013471.
DR PubMed; 17889830.
DR KEGG; rn:R02735.
//
ID DL-2,6-diaminopimelate from (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate: step 1/1.
AC UER00026
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate + 1 H(+) + 1 H(2)O + 1
DE NADPH + 1 NH(3) => 1 DL-2,6-diaminopimelate + 1 NADP(+).
HP ULS00010; DL-2,6-diaminopimelate from (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate.
DR ENZYME; 1.4.1.16.
DR KEGG; rn:R02755.
DR KEGG; rn:R04336.
//
ID L-lysine from DL-2,6-diaminopimelate: step 1/1.
AC UER00027
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 DL-2,6-diaminopimelate => 1 CO(2) + 1 L-lysine.
HP ULS00011; L-lysine from DL-2,6-diaminopimelate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.20.
DR KEGG; rn:R00451.
//
ID L-alpha-aminoadipate from 2-oxoglutarate: step 1/4.
AC UER00028
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 H(2)O + 1 acetyl-CoA => 1 (R)-
DE homocitrate + 1 CoA.
HP ULS00012; L-alpha-aminoadipate from 2-oxoglutarate.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.3.14.
DR PubMed; 19776021.
DR PubMed; 19996101.
DR PubMed; 20089861.
DR KEGG; rn:R00271.
//
ID L-alpha-aminoadipate from 2-oxoglutarate: step 2/4.
AC UER00029
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (R)-homocitrate => 1 homoisocitrate.
HP ULS00012; L-alpha-aminoadipate from 2-oxoglutarate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.36.
DR KEGG; rn:R03444.
DR KEGG; rn:R04371.
//
ID L-alpha-aminoadipate from 2-oxoglutarate: step 3/4.
AC UER00030
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 NAD(+) + 1 homoisocitrate => 1 2-oxoadipate + 1
DE CO(2) + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00012; L-alpha-aminoadipate from 2-oxoglutarate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.87.
DR KEGG; rn:R01936.
DR KEGG; rn:R04862.
//
ID L-alpha-aminoadipate from 2-oxoglutarate: step 4/4.
AC UER00031
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-oxoadipate + 1 L-glutamate => 1 2-oxoglutarate
DE + 1 L-alpha-aminoadipate.
HP ULS00012; L-alpha-aminoadipate from 2-oxoglutarate.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.39.
DR PubMed; 15256574.
DR KEGG; rn:R01939.
//
ID L-lysine from L-alpha-aminoadipate (fungal route): step 1/3.
AC UER00032
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 H(+) + 1 L-alpha-aminoadipate + 1 NADPH
DE => 1 AMP + 1 L-2-aminoadipate 6-semialdahyde + 1 NADP(+) + 1
DE diphosphate + 1 holo-Lys2.
HP ULS00013; L-lysine from L-alpha-aminoadipate (fungal route).
DR ENZYME; 1.2.1.31.
DR KEGG; rn:R03098.
DR KEGG; rn:R04390.
DR KEGG; rn:R04863.
//
ID L-lysine from L-alpha-aminoadipate (fungal route): step 2/3.
AC UER00033
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 L-2-aminoadipate 6-semialdahyde + 1 L-
DE glutamate + 1 NADPH => 1 H(2)O + 1 NADP(+) + 1 saccharopine.
HP ULS00013; L-lysine from L-alpha-aminoadipate (fungal route).
DR ENZYME; 1.5.1.10.
DR KEGG; rn:R02315.
//
ID L-lysine from L-alpha-aminoadipate (fungal route): step 3/3.
AC UER00034
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 NAD(+) + 1 saccharopine => 1 2-
DE oxoglutarate + 1 H(+) + 1 L-lysine + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00013; L-lysine from L-alpha-aminoadipate (fungal route).
DR ENZYME; 1.5.1.7.
DR KEGG; rn:R00715.
//
ID L-lysine from L-alpha-aminoadipate (Thermus route): step 1/5.
AC UER00035
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-alpha-aminoadipate => 1 N-acetyl-L-2-
DE aminoadipate.
HP ULS00014; L-lysine from L-alpha-aminoadipate (Thermus route).
DR ENZYME; 6.3.2.n4.
DR PubMed; 12963379.
DR PubMed; 19620981.
DR KEGG; rn:R06841.
//
ID L-lysine from L-alpha-aminoadipate (Thermus route): step 2/5.
AC UER00036
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 N-acetyl-L-2-aminoadipate => 1 ADP + 1 N-
DE acetyl-L-2-aminoadipate 5-phosphate.
HP ULS00014; L-lysine from L-alpha-aminoadipate (Thermus route).
DR ENZYME; 2.7.2.-.
DR PubMed; 12213936.
DR KEGG; rn:R06842.
//
ID L-lysine from L-alpha-aminoadipate (Thermus route): step 3/5.
AC UER00037
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 N-acetyl-L-2-aminoadipate 5-phosphate +
DE 1 NADPH => 1 N-acetyl-L-2-aminoadipate semialdehyde + 1 NADP(+) + 1
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00014; L-lysine from L-alpha-aminoadipate (Thermus route).
DR ENZYME; 1.2.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R06843.
//
ID L-lysine from L-alpha-aminoadipate (Thermus route): step 4/5.
AC UER00038
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-glutamate + 1 N-acetyl-L-2-aminoadipate
DE semialdehyde => 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 N-acetyl-L-lysine.
HP ULS00014; L-lysine from L-alpha-aminoadipate (Thermus route).
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R06844.
//
ID L-lysine from L-alpha-aminoadipate (Thermus route): step 5/5.
AC UER00039
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 N-acetyl-L-lysine => 1 L-lysine + 1
DE acetate.
HP ULS00014; L-lysine from L-alpha-aminoadipate (Thermus route).
DR ENZYME; 3.5.1.-.
DR PubMed; 11852094.
DR KEGG; rn:R06845.
//
ID sulfoacetaldehyde from phosphoenolpyruvate and sulfite: step 1/4.
AC UER00469
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 phosphoenolpyruvate + 1 sulfite => 1 (2R)-O-
DE phospho-3-sulfolactic acid.
HP ULS00015; sulfoacetaldehyde from phosphoenolpyruvate and sulfite.
DR ENZYME; 4.4.1.19.
DR PubMed; 12952952.
DR PubMed; 11830598.
DR KEGG; rn:R07476.
//
ID sulfoacetaldehyde from phosphoenolpyruvate and sulfite: step 2/4.
AC UER00470
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (2R)-O-phospho-3-sulfolactic acid + 1 H(2)O => 1
DE (R)-3-sulfolactic acid + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00015; sulfoacetaldehyde from phosphoenolpyruvate and sulfite.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.3.71.
DR PubMed; 11589710.
DR KEGG; rn:R05789.
//
ID sulfoacetaldehyde from phosphoenolpyruvate and sulfite: step 3/4.
AC UER00471
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: (R)-3-sulfolactic acid + [NAD(+) or NADP(+)] => 3-
DE sulfopyruvate + H(+) + [NADH or NADPH].
HP ULS00015; sulfoacetaldehyde from phosphoenolpyruvate and sulfite.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.272.
DR KEGG; rn:R07136.
DR KEGG; rn:R07137.
//
ID sulfoacetaldehyde from phosphoenolpyruvate and sulfite: step 4/4.
AC UER00472
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-sulfopyruvate => 1 CO(2) + 1 sulfoacetaldehyde.
HP ULS00015; sulfoacetaldehyde from phosphoenolpyruvate and sulfite.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.79.
DR KEGG; rn:R05774.
//
ID L-tryptophan from chorismate: step 1/5.
AC UER00040
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-glutamine + 1 NH(3) + 1 chorismate => 1 L-
DE glutamate + 1 anthranilate + 1 pyruvate.
HP ULS00016; L-tryptophan from chorismate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.3.27.
DR KEGG; rn:R00256.
DR KEGG; rn:R00985.
//
ID L-tryptophan from chorismate: step 2/5.
AC UER00041
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + 1
DE anthranilate => 1 N-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)anthranilic acid + 1
DE diphosphate.
HP ULS00016; L-tryptophan from chorismate.
DR ENZYME; 2.4.2.18.
DR KEGG; rn:R01073.
//
ID L-tryptophan from chorismate: step 3/5.
AC UER00042
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 N-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)anthranilic acid => 1
DE 1-(2-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxy-D-ribulose 5-phosphate.
HP ULS00016; L-tryptophan from chorismate.
DR ENZYME; 5.3.1.24.
DR KEGG; rn:R03509.
//
ID L-tryptophan from chorismate: step 4/5.
AC UER00043
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 1-(2-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxy-D-ribulose 5-
DE phosphate => 1 CO(2) + 1 H(2)O + 1 indoleglycerol phosphate.
HP ULS00016; L-tryptophan from chorismate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.48.
DR KEGG; rn:R03508.
//
ID L-tryptophan from chorismate: step 5/5.
AC UER00044
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-serine + 1 indoleglycerol phosphate => 1 D-
DE glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + 1 H(2)O + 1 L-tryptophan.
HP ULS00016; L-tryptophan from chorismate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.20.
DR KEGG; rn:R00674.
DR KEGG; rn:R02340.
//
ID 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate from D-ribulose 5-phosphate: step 1/3.
AC UER00473
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-ribulose 5-phosphate => 1 D-arabinose 5-
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00017; 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate from D-ribulose 5-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 5.3.1.13.
DR PubMed; 16199563.
DR KEGG; rn:R01530.
//
ID 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate from D-ribulose 5-phosphate: step 2/3.
AC UER00474
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-arabinose 5-phosphate + 1 H(2)O + 1
DE phosphoenolpyruvate => 1 8-phospho-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate + 1
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00017; 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate from D-ribulose 5-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.5.1.55.
DR PubMed; 12754267.
DR PubMed; 11219578.
DR KEGG; rn:R03254.
//
ID 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate from D-ribulose 5-phosphate: step 3/3.
AC UER00475
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 8-phospho-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate + 1 H(2)O
DE => 1 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00017; 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate from D-ribulose 5-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.3.45.
DR KEGG; rn:R03350.
//
ID 2-oxobutanoate from L-threonine: step 1/1.
AC UER00054
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-threonine => 1 2-oxobutanoate + 1 NH(3).
HP ULS00018; 2-oxobutanoate from L-threonine.
DR ENZYME; 4.3.1.19.
DR KEGG; rn:R00996.
//
ID 2-oxobutanoate from pyruvate: step 1/3.
AC UER00066
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 acetyl-CoA + 1 pyruvate => 1 (R)-
DE citramalate + 1 CoA.
HP ULS00019; 2-oxobutanoate from pyruvate.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.182.
DR PubMed; 9864346.
DR KEGG; rn:R07399.
//
ID 2-oxobutanoate from pyruvate: step 2/3.
AC UER00067
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (R)-citramalate => 1 D-erythro-3-methylmalic
DE acid.
HP ULS00019; 2-oxobutanoate from pyruvate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.35.
DR KEGG; rn:R03896.
DR KEGG; rn:R03898.
//
ID 2-oxobutanoate from pyruvate: step 3/3.
AC UER00069
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-erythro-3-methylmalic acid + 1 NAD(+) => 1 2-
DE oxobutanoate + 1 CO(2) + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00019; 2-oxobutanoate from pyruvate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.n5.
DR PubMed; 17449626.
DR KEGG; rn:R00994.
//
ID L-isoleucine from 2-oxobutanoate: step 1/4.
AC UER00055
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-hydroxyethyl-ThPP + 1 2-oxobutanoate => 1 (S)-
DE 2-acetyl-2-hydroxybutanoic acid + 1 thiamine diphosphate.
HP ULS00020; L-isoleucine from 2-oxobutanoate.
DR ENZYME; 2.2.1.6.
DR KEGG; rn:R04673.
//
ID L-isoleucine from 2-oxobutanoate: step 2/4.
AC UER00056
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-2-acetyl-2-hydroxybutanoic acid + 1 H(+) + 1
DE NADPH => 1 (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid + 1 NADP(+).
HP ULS00020; L-isoleucine from 2-oxobutanoate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.86.
DR KEGG; rn:R05068.
DR KEGG; rn:R05069.
//
ID L-isoleucine from 2-oxobutanoate: step 3/4.
AC UER00057
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid => 1
DE (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + 1 H(2)O.
HP ULS00020; L-isoleucine from 2-oxobutanoate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.9.
DR KEGG; rn:R05070.
//
ID L-isoleucine from 2-oxobutanoate: step 4/4.
AC UER00058
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + 1 L-glutamate => 1
DE 2-oxoglutarate + 1 L-isoleucine.
HP ULS00020; L-isoleucine from 2-oxobutanoate.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.42.
DR KEGG; rn:R02199.
//
ID L-valine from pyruvate: step 1/4.
AC UER00059
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 pyruvate => 1 (S)-2-acetolactate + 1 CO(2) + 1
DE thiamine diphosphate.
HP ULS00021; L-valine from pyruvate.
DR ENZYME; 2.2.1.6.
DR KEGG; rn:R00014.
DR KEGG; rn:R04672.
//
ID L-valine from pyruvate: step 2/4.
AC UER00060
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-2-acetolactate + 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH => 1 (R)-
DE 2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + 1 NADP(+).
HP ULS00021; L-valine from pyruvate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.86.
DR KEGG; rn:R04440.
DR KEGG; rn:R05071.
//
ID L-valine from pyruvate: step 3/4.
AC UER00061
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate => 1 3-
DE methyl-2-oxobutanoate + 1 H(2)O.
HP ULS00021; L-valine from pyruvate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.9.
DR KEGG; rn:R04441.
//
ID L-valine from pyruvate: step 4/4.
AC UER00062
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + 1 L-glutamate => 1 2-
DE oxoglutarate + 1 L-valine.
HP ULS00021; L-valine from pyruvate.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.42.
DR KEGG; rn:R01214.
//
ID L-threonine from L-aspartate: step 1/5.
AC UER00461
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 L-aspartate => 1 4-phospho-L-aspartate +
DE 1 ADP.
HP ULS00022; L-threonine from L-aspartate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.2.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R00480.
//
ID L-threonine from L-aspartate: step 2/5.
AC UER00463
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-phospho-L-aspartate + 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH => 1 L-
DE aspartate 4-semialdehyde + 1 NADP(+) + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00022; L-threonine from L-aspartate.
DR ENZYME; 1.2.1.11.
DR KEGG; rn:R02291.
//
ID L-threonine from L-aspartate: step 3/5.
AC UER00063
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: H(+) + L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + [NADH or NADPH]
DE => L-homoserine + [NAD(+) or NADP(+)].
HP ULS00022; L-threonine from L-aspartate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R01773.
DR KEGG; rn:R01775.
//
ID L-threonine from L-aspartate: step 4/5.
AC UER00064
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 L-homoserine => 1 ADP + 1 O-phospho-L-
DE homoserine.
HP ULS00022; L-threonine from L-aspartate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.39.
DR KEGG; rn:R01771.
//
ID L-threonine from L-aspartate: step 5/5.
AC UER00065
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 O-phospho-L-homoserine => 1 L-threonine
DE + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00022; L-threonine from L-aspartate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.3.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R01466.
//
ID L-leucine from 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate: step 1/4.
AC UER00070
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + 1 H(2)O + 1 acetyl-CoA
DE => 1 (2S)-2-isopropylmalate + 1 CoA.
HP ULS00023; L-leucine from 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.3.13.
DR PubMed; 15159544.
DR PubMed; 17577419.
DR KEGG; rn:R01213.
//
ID L-leucine from 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate: step 2/4.
AC UER00071
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (2S)-2-isopropylmalate => 1 (2R,3S)-3-
DE isopropylmalate.
HP ULS00023; L-leucine from 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.33.
DR KEGG; rn:R03968.
DR KEGG; rn:R04001.
//
ID L-leucine from 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate: step 3/4.
AC UER00072
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate + 1 NAD(+) => 1 4-
DE methyl-2-oxopentanoate + 1 CO(2) + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00023; L-leucine from 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.85.
DR KEGG; rn:R01652.
DR KEGG; rn:R04426.
//
ID L-leucine from 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate: step 4/4.
AC UER00073
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + 1 L-glutamate => 1 2-
DE oxoglutarate + 1 L-leucine.
HP ULS00023; L-leucine from 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.42.
DR PubMed; 1646790.
DR KEGG; rn:R01090.
//
ID L-homoserine from L-aspartate: step 1/3.
AC UER00462
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 L-aspartate => 1 4-phospho-L-aspartate +
DE 1 ADP.
HP ULS00025; L-homoserine from L-aspartate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.2.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R00480.
//
ID L-homoserine from L-aspartate: step 2/3.
AC UER00464
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-phospho-L-aspartate + 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH => 1 L-
DE aspartate 4-semialdehyde + 1 NADP(+) + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00025; L-homoserine from L-aspartate.
DR ENZYME; 1.2.1.11.
DR KEGG; rn:R02291.
//
ID L-homoserine from L-aspartate: step 3/3.
AC UER00465
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: H(+) + L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + [NADH or NADPH]
DE => L-homoserine + [NAD(+) or NADP(+)].
HP ULS00025; L-homoserine from L-aspartate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R01773.
DR KEGG; rn:R01775.
//
ID O-acetyl-L-homoserine from L-homoserine: step 1/1.
AC UER00074
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-homoserine + 1 acetyl-CoA => 1 CoA + 1 O-
DE acetyl-L-homoserine.
HP ULS00026; O-acetyl-L-homoserine from L-homoserine.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.31.
DR KEGG; rn:R01776.
//
ID O-succinyl-L-homoserine from L-homoserine: step 1/1.
AC UER00075
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-homoserine + 1 succinyl-CoA => 1 CoA + 1 O-
DE succinyl-L-homoserine.
HP ULS00027; O-succinyl-L-homoserine from L-homoserine.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.46.
DR KEGG; rn:R01777.
//
ID L-homocysteine from S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine: step 1/1.
AC UER00076
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine => 1 L-
DE homocysteine + 1 adenosine.
HP ULS00028; L-homocysteine from S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
DR ENZYME; 3.3.1.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R00192.
//
ID L-cystathionine from O-succinyl-L-homoserine: step 1/1.
AC UER00077
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-cysteine + 1 O-succinyl-L-homoserine => 1 L-
DE cystathionine + 1 succinate.
HP ULS00029; L-cystathionine from O-succinyl-L-homoserine.
DR ENZYME; 2.5.1.48.
DR KEGG; rn:R03260.
//
ID L-homocysteine from L-cystathionine: step 1/1.
AC UER00078
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 L-cystathionine => 1 L-homocysteine + 1
DE NH(3) + 1 pyruvate.
HP ULS00030; L-homocysteine from L-cystathionine.
DR ENZYME; 4.4.1.8.
DR KEGG; rn:R01286.
//
ID L-homocysteine from O-acetyl-L-homoserine: step 1/1.
AC UER00079
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 O-acetyl-L-homoserine + 1 hydrogen sulfide => 1
DE L-homocysteine + 1 acetate.
HP ULS00031; L-homocysteine from O-acetyl-L-homoserine.
DR ENZYME; 2.5.1.49.
DR KEGG; rn:R01287.
//
ID S-adenosyl-L-methionine from L-methionine: step 1/1.
AC UER00080
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 H(2)O + 1 L-methionine => 1 S-adenosyl-L-
DE methionine + 1 diphosphate + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00032; S-adenosyl-L-methionine from L-methionine.
DR ENZYME; 2.5.1.6.
DR KEGG; rn:R00177.
//
ID L-methionine from L-homocysteine (MetH route): step 1/1.
AC UER00081
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-methyl-THF + 1 L-homocysteine => 1 5,6,7,8-
DE tetrahydrofolate + 1 L-methionine.
HP ULS00033; L-methionine from L-homocysteine (MetH route).
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.13.
DR KEGG; rn:R00946.
//
ID L-methionine from L-homocysteine (MetE route): step 1/1.
AC UER00082
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate + 1 L-
DE homocysteine => 1 L-methionine + 1 tetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate.
HP ULS00034; L-methionine from L-homocysteine (MetE route).
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.14.
DR KEGG; rn:R04405.
//
ID L-methionine from L-homocysteine (BhmT route): step 1/1.
AC UER00083
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-homocysteine + 1 betaine => 1 L-methionine + 1
DE N,N-dimethylglycine.
HP ULS00035; L-methionine from L-homocysteine (BhmT route).
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R02821.
//
ID chorismate from D-erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate: step 1/7.
AC UER00084
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-erythrose 4-phosphate + 1 H(2)O + 1
DE phosphoenolpyruvate => 1 7-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabino-
DE heptonate + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00036; chorismate from D-erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate.
DR ENZYME; 2.5.1.54.
DR KEGG; rn:R01826.
//
ID chorismate from D-erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate: step 2/7.
AC UER00085
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 7-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonate
DE => 1 3-dehydroquinate + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00036; chorismate from D-erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.3.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R03083.
//
ID chorismate from D-erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate: step 3/7.
AC UER00086
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-dehydroquinate => 1 3-dehydroshikimate + 1
DE H(2)O.
HP ULS00036; chorismate from D-erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.10.
DR KEGG; rn:R03084.
//
ID chorismate from D-erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate: step 4/7.
AC UER00087
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-dehydroshikimate + 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH => 1
DE NADP(+) + 1 shikimate.
HP ULS00036; chorismate from D-erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.25.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.282.
DR KEGG; rn:R02413.
//
ID chorismate from D-erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate: step 5/7.
AC UER00088
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 shikimate => 1 3-phosphoshikimate + 1
DE ADP.
HP ULS00036; chorismate from D-erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.71.
DR KEGG; rn:R02412.
//
ID chorismate from D-erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate: step 6/7.
AC UER00089
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-phosphoshikimate + 1 phosphoenolpyruvate => 1
DE 5-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-3-phosphoshikimate + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00036; chorismate from D-erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate.
DR ENZYME; 2.5.1.19.
DR KEGG; rn:R03460.
//
ID chorismate from D-erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate: step 7/7.
AC UER00090
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-3-phosphoshikimate => 1
DE chorismate + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00036; chorismate from D-erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.3.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R01714.
//
ID isopentenyl diphosphate from 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate: step 1/6.
AC UER00092
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH
DE => 1 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate + 1 NADP(+).
HP ULS00037; isopentenyl diphosphate from 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.267.
DR KEGG; rn:R05688.
//
ID isopentenyl diphosphate from 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate: step 2/6.
AC UER00093
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate + 1 CTP => 1
DE 4-CDP-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00037; isopentenyl diphosphate from 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.7.60.
DR KEGG; rn:R05633.
//
ID isopentenyl diphosphate from 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate: step 3/6.
AC UER00094
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-CDP-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol + 1 ATP => 1 4-CDP-
DE 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate + 1 ADP.
HP ULS00037; isopentenyl diphosphate from 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.148.
DR PubMed; 10880567.
DR KEGG; rn:R05634.
//
ID isopentenyl diphosphate from 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate: step 4/6.
AC UER00095
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-CDP-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate => 1 2-
DE C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclic diphosphate + 1 CMP.
HP ULS00037; isopentenyl diphosphate from 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 4.6.1.12.
DR KEGG; rn:R05637.
//
ID isopentenyl diphosphate from 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate: step 5/6.
AC UER00096
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclic diphosphate +
DE 2 reduced ferredoxin => 1 (2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbutenyl diphosphate +
DE 1 H(2)O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin.
HP ULS00037; isopentenyl diphosphate from 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 1.17.7.1.
DR PubMed; 16268586.
DR KEGG; rn:R08689.
//
ID isopentenyl diphosphate from 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate: step 6/6.
AC UER00097
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbutenyl diphosphate + 1
DE H(+) + 1 NADPH => 1 H(2)O + 1 NADP(+) + 1 isopentenyl diphosphate.
HP ULS00037; isopentenyl diphosphate from 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 1.17.1.2.
DR PubMed; 11818558.
DR KEGG; rn:R05884.
//
ID isopentenyl diphosphate from (R)-mevalonate: step 1/3.
AC UER00098
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (R)-mevalonate + 1 ATP => 1 (R)-5-
DE phosphomevalonate + 1 ADP.
HP ULS00038; isopentenyl diphosphate from (R)-mevalonate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.36.
DR KEGG; rn:R02245.
//
ID isopentenyl diphosphate from (R)-mevalonate: step 2/3.
AC UER00099
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (R)-5-phosphomevalonate + 1 ATP => 1 (R)-5-
DE diphosphomevalonate + 1 ADP.
HP ULS00038; isopentenyl diphosphate from (R)-mevalonate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.4.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R03245.
//
ID isopentenyl diphosphate from (R)-mevalonate: step 3/3.
AC UER00100
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (R)-5-diphosphomevalonate + 1 ATP => 1 ADP + 1
DE CO(2) + 1 isopentenyl diphosphate + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00038; isopentenyl diphosphate from (R)-mevalonate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.33.
DR KEGG; rn:R01121.
//
ID (R)-mevalonate from acetyl-CoA: step 1/3.
AC UER00101
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 2 acetyl-CoA => 1 CoA + 1 acetoacetyl-CoA.
HP ULS00039; (R)-mevalonate from acetyl-CoA.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.9.
DR KEGG; rn:R00238.
//
ID (R)-mevalonate from acetyl-CoA: step 2/3.
AC UER00102
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 acetoacetyl-CoA + 1 acetyl-CoA => 1
DE (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 1 CoA.
HP ULS00039; (R)-mevalonate from acetyl-CoA.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.3.10.
DR KEGG; rn:R01978.
//
ID (R)-mevalonate from acetyl-CoA: step 3/3.
AC UER00103
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 H(+) + 2
DE NADPH => 1 (R)-mevalonate + 1 CoA + 2 NADP(+).
HP ULS00039; (R)-mevalonate from acetyl-CoA.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.34.
DR KEGG; rn:R02082.
//
ID 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate: step 1/1.
AC UER00091
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + 1 pyruvate => 1 1-
DE deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + 1 CO(2).
HP ULS00040; 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate.
DR ENZYME; 2.2.1.7.
DR KEGG; rn:R05636.
//
ID dimethylallyl diphosphate from isopentenyl diphosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00104
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 isopentenyl diphosphate => 1 dimethylallyl
DE diphosphate.
HP ULS00041; dimethylallyl diphosphate from isopentenyl diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 5.3.3.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R01123.
//
ID dimethylallyl diphosphate from (2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbutenyl diphosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00105
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbutenyl diphosphate + 1
DE H(+) + 1 NADPH => 1 H(2)O + 1 NADP(+) + 1 dimethylallyl diphosphate.
HP ULS00042; dimethylallyl diphosphate from (2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbutenyl diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 1.17.1.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R07219.
//
ID N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine from L-glutamate: step 1/4.
AC UER00106
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-glutamate + 1 acetyl-CoA => 1 CoA + 1 N-acetyl-
DE L-glutamate.
HP ULS00043; N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine from L-glutamate.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R00259.
//
ID N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine from L-glutamate: step 2/4.
AC UER00107
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 N-acetyl-L-glutamate => 1 ADP + 1 N-
DE acetyl-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate.
HP ULS00043; N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine from L-glutamate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.2.8.
DR KEGG; rn:R02649.
//
ID N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine from L-glutamate: step 3/4.
AC UER00108
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 N-acetyl-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + 1
DE NADPH => 1 N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + 1 NADP(+) + 1
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00043; N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine from L-glutamate.
DR ENZYME; 1.2.1.38.
DR KEGG; rn:R03443.
//
ID N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine from L-glutamate: step 4/4.
AC UER00109
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-glutamate + 1 N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-
DE semialdehyde => 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine.
HP ULS00043; N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine from L-glutamate.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.11.
DR KEGG; rn:R02283.
//
ID L-ornithine from N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine (linear): step 1/1.
AC UER00110
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine => 1 L-
DE ornithine + 1 acetate.
HP ULS00044; L-ornithine from N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine (linear).
DR ENZYME; 3.5.1.16.
DR KEGG; rn:R00669.
//
ID L-ornithine and N-acetyl-L-glutamate from L-glutamate and N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine (cyclic): step 1/1.
AC UER00111
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-glutamate + 1 N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine => 1 L-
DE ornithine + 1 N-acetyl-L-glutamate.
HP ULS00045; L-ornithine and N-acetyl-L-glutamate from L-glutamate and N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine (cyclic).
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.35.
DR KEGG; rn:R02282.
//
ID L-arginine from L-ornithine and carbamoyl phosphate: step 1/3.
AC UER00112
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-ornithine + 1 carbamoyl phosphate => 1 L-
DE citrulline + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00046; L-arginine from L-ornithine and carbamoyl phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.1.3.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R01398.
//
ID L-arginine from L-ornithine and carbamoyl phosphate: step 2/3.
AC UER00113
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 L-aspartate + 1 L-citrulline => 1
DE (N(omega)-L-arginino)succinate + 1 AMP + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00046; L-arginine from L-ornithine and carbamoyl phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 6.3.4.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R01954.
//
ID L-arginine from L-ornithine and carbamoyl phosphate: step 3/3.
AC UER00114
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (N(omega)-L-arginino)succinate => 1 L-arginine +
DE 1 fumarate.
HP ULS00046; L-arginine from L-ornithine and carbamoyl phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 4.3.2.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R01086.
//
ID L-ectoine from L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde: step 1/3.
AC UER00121
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + 1 L-glutamate => 1
DE 2-oxoglutarate + 1 L-2,4-diaminobutanoate.
HP ULS00048; L-ectoine from L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.76.
DR KEGG; rn:R06977.
//
ID L-ectoine from L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde: step 2/3.
AC UER00122
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-2,4-diaminobutanoate + 1 acetyl-CoA => 1 CoA +
DE 1 N(4)-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid.
HP ULS00048; L-ectoine from L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.178.
DR KEGG; rn:R06978.
//
ID L-ectoine from L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde: step 3/3.
AC UER00123
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 N(4)-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid => 1 H(2)O
DE + 1 L-ectoine.
HP ULS00048; L-ectoine from L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.108.
DR KEGG; rn:R06979.
//
ID D-xylulose 5-phosphate from L-arabinose (bacterial route): step 1/3.
AC UER00565
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-arabinose => 1 L-ribulose.
HP ULS00049; D-xylulose 5-phosphate from L-arabinose (bacterial route).
DR ENZYME; 5.3.1.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R01761.
//
ID D-xylulose 5-phosphate from L-arabinose (bacterial route): step 2/3.
AC UER00566
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 L-ribulose => 1 ADP + 1 L-ribulose 5-
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00049; D-xylulose 5-phosphate from L-arabinose (bacterial route).
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.16.
DR KEGG; rn:R02439.
//
ID D-xylulose 5-phosphate from L-arabinose (bacterial route): step 3/3.
AC UER00567
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-ribulose 5-phosphate => 1 D-xylulose 5-
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00049; D-xylulose 5-phosphate from L-arabinose (bacterial route).
DR ENZYME; 5.1.3.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R05850.
//
ID N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide from 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate: step 1/2.
AC UER00124
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + 1 H(2)O
DE + 1 L-glutamine => 1 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + 1 L-glutamate + 1
DE diphosphate.
HP ULS00050; N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide from 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.4.2.14.
DR KEGG; rn:R01072.
//
ID N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide from 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate: step 2/2.
AC UER00125
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + 1 ATP + 1 glycine
DE => 1 ADP + 1 N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00050; N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide from 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 6.3.4.13.
DR KEGG; rn:R04144.
//
ID N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide from N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide (10-formyl THF route): step 1/1.
AC UER00126
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 10-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + 1 N(1)-(5-
DE phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide => 1 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + 1 N(2)-
DE formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide.
HP ULS00051; N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide from N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide (10-formyl THF route).
DR ENZYME; 2.1.2.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R04325.
//
ID N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide from N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide (formate route): step 1/1.
AC UER00127
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + 1
DE formate => 1 ADP + 1 N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide
DE + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00052; N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide from N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide (formate route).
DR ENZYME; 2.1.2.-.
DR PubMed; 11953435.
DR PubMed; 10913290.
DR KEGG; rn:R06974.
//
ID 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide from 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (10-formyl THF route): step 1/1.
AC UER00133
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 10-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + 1 5-amino-1-
DE (5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide => 1 5,6,7,8-
DE tetrahydrofolate + 1 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-
DE carboxamide.
HP ULS00054; 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide from 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (10-formyl THF route).
DR ENZYME; 2.1.2.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R04560.
//
ID 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide from 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (formate route): step 1/1.
AC UER00134
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-
DE carboxamide + 1 ATP + 1 formate => 1 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-
DE ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide + 1 ADP + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00055; 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide from 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (formate route).
DR ENZYME; 6.3.4.-.
DR PubMed; 15623504.
DR PubMed; 18069798.
DR KEGG; rn:R06975.
//
ID IMP from 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide: step 1/1.
AC UER00135
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-
DE carboxamide => 1 H(2)O + 1 IMP.
HP ULS00056; IMP from 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.4.10.
DR KEGG; rn:R01127.
//
ID 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine from 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole: step 1/3.
AC UER00136
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole => 1 4-
DE amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine.
HP ULS00057; 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine from 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole.
DR KEGG; rn:R03472.
//
ID 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine from 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole: step 2/3.
AC UER00137
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine + 1
DE ATP => 1 4-amino-2-methyl-5-phosphomethylpyrimidine + 1 ADP.
HP ULS00057; 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine from 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.49.
DR KEGG; rn:R03471.
//
ID 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine from 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole: step 3/3.
AC UER00138
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-amino-2-methyl-5-phosphomethylpyrimidine + 1
DE ATP => 1 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine + 1 ADP.
HP ULS00057; 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine from 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.4.7.
DR KEGG; rn:R04509.
//
ID 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole from 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole: step 1/1.
AC UER00139
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole + 1 ATP => 1
DE 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole + 1 ADP.
HP ULS00058; 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole from 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.50.
DR KEGG; rn:R04448.
//
ID 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole from 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00140
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate => 1 4-methyl-5-
DE (2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole.
HP ULS00059; 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole from 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.
//
ID thiamine phosphate from 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine and 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole: step 1/1.
AC UER00141
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine + 1
DE 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole => 1 diphosphate + 1 thiamine
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00060; thiamine phosphate from 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine and 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole.
DR ENZYME; 2.5.1.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R03223.
//
ID acetyl-CoA from myo-inositol: step 1/7.
AC UER00143
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 NAD(+) + 1 myo-inositol => 1 H(+) + 1 NADH + 1
DE scyllo-inosose.
HP ULS00061; acetyl-CoA from myo-inositol.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.18.
DR KEGG; rn:R01183.
//
ID acetyl-CoA from myo-inositol: step 2/7.
AC UER00144
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 scyllo-inosose => 1 3D-3,5/4-
DE trihydroxycyclohexane-1,2-dione + 1 H(2)O.
HP ULS00061; acetyl-CoA from myo-inositol.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.44.
DR PubMed; 14993306.
DR PubMed; 17151471.
DR KEGG; rn:R02782.
//
ID acetyl-CoA from myo-inositol: step 3/7.
AC UER00145
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3D-3,5/4-trihydroxycyclohexane-1,2-dione + 1
DE H(2)O => 1 5-deoxy-D-glucuronic acid.
HP ULS00061; acetyl-CoA from myo-inositol.
DR ENZYME; 3.7.1.-.
DR PubMed; 18310071.
DR KEGG; rn:R08603.
//
ID acetyl-CoA from myo-inositol: step 4/7.
AC UER00920
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-deoxy-D-glucuronic acid => 1 2-deoxy-5-keto-D-
DE gluconic acid.
HP ULS00061; acetyl-CoA from myo-inositol.
DR ENZYME; 5.3.1.-.
DR PubMed; 18310071.
DR KEGG; rn:R08503.
//
ID acetyl-CoA from myo-inositol: step 5/7.
AC UER00146
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-deoxy-5-keto-D-gluconic acid + 1 ATP => 1 6-
DE phospho-5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconic acid + 1 ADP.
HP ULS00061; acetyl-CoA from myo-inositol.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.92.
DR PubMed; 4328832.
DR PubMed; 18310071.
DR KEGG; rn:R05661.
//
ID acetyl-CoA from myo-inositol: step 6/7.
AC UER00147
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 6-phospho-5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconic acid => 1
DE 3-oxopropanoate + 1 glycerone phosphate.
HP ULS00061; acetyl-CoA from myo-inositol.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.2.29.
DR KEGG; rn:R05378.
//
ID acetyl-CoA from myo-inositol: step 7/7.
AC UER00148
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 3-oxopropanoate + CoA + [NAD(+) or NADP(+)] =>
DE CO(2) + H(+) + acetyl-CoA + [NADH or NADPH].
HP ULS00061; acetyl-CoA from myo-inositol.
DR ENZYME; 1.2.1.18.
DR ENZYME; 1.2.1.27.
DR PubMed; 16332250.
DR KEGG; rn:R00705.
DR KEGG; rn:R00706.
//
ID 4-aminobenzoate from chorismate: step 1/2.
AC UER00149
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-glutamine + 1 NH(3) + 1 chorismate => 1 4-
DE amino-4-deoxychorismate + 1 L-glutamate.
HP ULS00062; 4-aminobenzoate from chorismate.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.85.
DR KEGG; rn:R00256.
DR KEGG; rn:R05552.
//
ID 4-aminobenzoate from chorismate: step 2/2.
AC UER00150
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate => 1 4-aminobenzoate +
DE 1 pyruvate.
HP ULS00062; 4-aminobenzoate from chorismate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.3.38.
DR KEGG; rn:R05553.
//
ID 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine diphosphate from 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate: step 1/4.
AC UER00152
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate + 1 H(2)O => 1
DE 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-phosphate + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00063; 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine diphosphate from 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 3.6.1.-.
DR PubMed; 17698004.
DR PubMed; 15611104.
DR KEGG; rn:R04638.
//
ID 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine diphosphate from 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate: step 2/4.
AC UER00153
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-phosphate + 1 H(2)O => 1
DE 7,8-dihydroneopterin + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00063; 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine diphosphate from 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 3.6.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R04621.
//
ID 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine diphosphate from 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate: step 3/4.
AC UER00154
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 7,8-dihydroneopterin => 1 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-
DE hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine + 1 glycolaldehyde.
HP ULS00063; 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine diphosphate from 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.2.25.
DR KEGG; rn:R03504.
//
ID 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine diphosphate from 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate: step 4/4.
AC UER00155
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-
DE dihydropteridine + 1 ATP => 1 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-
DE dihydropteridine diphosphate + 1 AMP.
HP ULS00063; 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine diphosphate from 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.6.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R03503.
//
ID 7,8-dihydrofolate from 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine diphosphate and 4-aminobenzoate: step 1/2.
AC UER00156
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-
DE dihydropteridine diphosphate + 1 4-aminobenzoate => 1 7,8-
DE dihydropteroate + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00064; 7,8-dihydrofolate from 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine diphosphate and 4-aminobenzoate.
DR ENZYME; 2.5.1.15.
DR KEGG; rn:R03067.
//
ID 7,8-dihydrofolate from 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine diphosphate and 4-aminobenzoate: step 2/2.
AC UER00157
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 7,8-dihydropteroate + 1 ATP + 1 L-glutamate => 1
DE 7,8-dihydrofolate + 1 ADP + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00064; 7,8-dihydrofolate from 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine diphosphate and 4-aminobenzoate.
DR ENZYME; 6.3.2.12.
DR KEGG; rn:R02237.
//
ID menaquinone-2 from chorismate: step 1/8.
AC UER00163
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 chorismate => 1 isochorismate.
HP ULS00066; menaquinone-2 from chorismate.
DR ENZYME; 5.4.4.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R01717.
//
ID menaquinone-2 from chorismate: step 2/8.
AC UER00164
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 isochorismate => 1 2-succinyl-
DE 5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid + 1 CO(2).
HP ULS00066; menaquinone-2 from chorismate.
DR ENZYME; 2.2.1.9.
DR PubMed; 17760421.
DR PubMed; 18284213.
DR KEGG; rn:R08165.
//
ID menaquinone-2 from chorismate: step 3/8.
AC UER00900
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-
DE 1-carboxylic acid => 1 (1R,6R)-2-succinyl-6-hydroxycyclohexa-2,4-
DE diene-1-carboxylic acid + 1 pyruvate.
HP ULS00066; menaquinone-2 from chorismate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.99.-.
DR PubMed; 18284213.
DR KEGG; rn:R08166.
//
ID menaquinone-2 from chorismate: step 4/8.
AC UER00165
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (1R,6R)-2-succinyl-6-hydroxycyclohexa-2,4-diene-
DE 1-carboxylic acid => 1 2-succinylbenzoate + 1 H(2)O.
HP ULS00066; menaquinone-2 from chorismate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.113.
DR PubMed; 10194342.
DR PubMed; 8335646.
DR KEGG; rn:R04031.
//
ID menaquinone-2 from chorismate: step 5/8.
AC UER00166
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-succinylbenzoate + 1 ATP + 1 CoA => 1 2-
DE succinylbenzoyl-CoA + 1 AMP + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00066; menaquinone-2 from chorismate.
DR ENZYME; 6.2.1.26.
DR KEGG; rn:R04030.
//
ID menaquinone-2 from chorismate: step 6/8.
AC UER00167
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-succinylbenzoyl-CoA => 1 1,4-dihydroxy-2-
DE naphthoate + 1 CoA.
HP ULS00066; menaquinone-2 from chorismate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.3.36.
DR KEGG; rn:R04150.
//
ID menaquinone-2 from chorismate: step 7/8.
AC UER00168
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate + 1 all-trans-
DE octaprenyl diphosphate => 1 2-demethylmenaquinone + 1 CO(2) + 1
DE diphosphate.
HP ULS00066; menaquinone-2 from chorismate.
DR ENZYME; 2.5.1.74.
DR KEGG; rn:R05617.
//
ID menaquinone-2 from chorismate: step 8/8.
AC UER00169
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-demethylmenaquinone + 1 S-adenosyl-L-methionine
DE => 1 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1 menaquinone-2.
HP ULS00066; menaquinone-2 from chorismate.
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.163.
DR KEGG; rn:R04993.
//
ID formate from 10-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate: step 1/1.
AC UER00170
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 10-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + 1 H(2)O => 1
DE 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + 1 formate.
HP ULS00067; formate from 10-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.1.10.
DR KEGG; rn:R00944.
//
ID carbamoyl phosphate from bicarbonate: step 1/1.
AC UER00171
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 2 ATP + 1 H(2)O + 1 L-glutamine + 1 bicarbonate =>
DE 2 ADP + 1 L-glutamate + 1 carbamoyl phosphate + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00068; carbamoyl phosphate from bicarbonate.
DR ENZYME; 6.3.5.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R00575.
//
ID D-glucuronate from myo-inositol: step 1/1.
AC UER00527
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 O(2) + 1 myo-inositol => 1 D-glucuronate + 1
DE H(2)O.
HP ULS00069; D-glucuronate from myo-inositol.
DR ENZYME; 1.13.99.1.
DR PubMed; 17012379.
DR KEGG; rn:R01184.
//
ID 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate from D-ribose 5-phosphate (route I): step 1/1.
AC UER00172
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 D-ribose 5-phosphate => 1 5-phospho-
DE alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + 1 AMP.
HP ULS00070; 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate from D-ribose 5-phosphate (route I).
DR ENZYME; 2.7.6.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R01049.
//
ID 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate from D-ribose 5-phosphate (route II): step 1/3.
AC UER00173
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-ribose 5-phosphate => 1 alpha-D-ribose 1-
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00071; 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate from D-ribose 5-phosphate (route II).
DR ENZYME; 5.4.2.7.
DR KEGG; rn:R01057.
//
ID 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate from D-ribose 5-phosphate (route II): step 2/3.
AC UER00174
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate => 1 D-ribose 1,5-
DE bisphosphate.
HP ULS00071; 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate from D-ribose 5-phosphate (route II).
DR KEGG; rn:R06837.
//
ID 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate from D-ribose 5-phosphate (route II): step 3/3.
AC UER00175
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 D-ribose 1,5-bisphosphate => 1 5-phospho-
DE alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + 1 ADP.
HP ULS00071; 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate from D-ribose 5-phosphate (route II).
DR ENZYME; 2.7.4.23.
DR PubMed; 12700258.
DR KEGG; rn:R06836.
//
ID 3-dehydroquinate from D-quinate (NAD(+) route): step 1/1.
AC UER00176
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-quinate + 1 NAD(+) => 1 3-dehydroquinate + 1
DE H(+) + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00072; 3-dehydroquinate from D-quinate (NAD(+) route).
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.24.
DR KEGG; rn:R01872.
//
ID 3-dehydroquinate from D-quinate (PQQ route): step 1/1.
AC UER00177
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-quinate + 1 pyrroloquinoline quinone => 1 3-
DE dehydroquinate + 1 pyrroloquinoline quinol.
HP ULS00073; 3-dehydroquinate from D-quinate (PQQ route).
DR ENZYME; 1.1.5.8.
DR KEGG; rn:R01873.
//
ID 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate from 3-dehydroquinate: step 1/2.
AC UER00178
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-dehydroquinate => 1 3-dehydroshikimate + 1
DE H(2)O.
HP ULS00074; 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate from 3-dehydroquinate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.10.
DR KEGG; rn:R03084.
//
ID 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate from 3-dehydroquinate: step 2/2.
AC UER00179
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-dehydroshikimate => 1 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + 1
DE H(2)O.
HP ULS00074; 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate from 3-dehydroquinate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.118.
DR KEGG; rn:R01627.
//
ID D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and glycerone phosphate from D-glucose: step 1/4.
AC UER00180
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 D-glucose => 1 ADP + 1 D-glucose 6-
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00075; D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and glycerone phosphate from D-glucose.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R00299.
//
ID D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and glycerone phosphate from D-glucose: step 2/4.
AC UER00181
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-glucose 6-phosphate => 1 D-fructose 6-
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00075; D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and glycerone phosphate from D-glucose.
DR ENZYME; 5.3.1.9.
DR KEGG; rn:R00771.
//
ID D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and glycerone phosphate from D-glucose: step 3/4.
AC UER00182
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 D-fructose 6-phosphate => 1 ADP + 1 D-
DE fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
HP ULS00075; D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and glycerone phosphate from D-glucose.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.11.
DR KEGG; rn:R00756.
//
ID D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and glycerone phosphate from D-glucose: step 4/4.
AC UER00183
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate => 1 D-glyceraldehyde
DE 3-phosphate + 1 glycerone phosphate.
HP ULS00075; D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and glycerone phosphate from D-glucose.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.2.13.
DR KEGG; rn:R01068.
//
ID D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate from glycerone phosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00189
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 glycerone phosphate => 1 D-glyceraldehyde 3-
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00076; D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate from glycerone phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 5.3.1.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R01015.
//
ID pyruvate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate: step 1/5.
AC UER00184
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + 1 NAD(+) + 1
DE phosphate => 1 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00077; pyruvate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 1.2.1.12.
DR KEGG; rn:R01061.
//
ID pyruvate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate: step 2/5.
AC UER00185
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + 1 ADP => 1 3-
DE phospho-D-glycerate + 1 ATP.
HP ULS00077; pyruvate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.2.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R01512.
//
ID pyruvate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate: step 3/5.
AC UER00186
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-phospho-D-glycerate => 1 2-phospho-D-glycerate.
HP ULS00077; pyruvate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 5.4.2.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R01518.
//
ID pyruvate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate: step 4/5.
AC UER00187
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-phospho-D-glycerate => 1 H(2)O + 1
DE phosphoenolpyruvate.
HP ULS00077; pyruvate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.11.
DR KEGG; rn:R00658.
//
ID pyruvate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate: step 5/5.
AC UER00188
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ADP + 1 phosphoenolpyruvate => 1 ATP + 1
DE pyruvate.
HP ULS00077; pyruvate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.40.
DR KEGG; rn:R00200.
//
ID GDP-L-fucose from GDP-alpha-D-mannose: step 1/2.
AC UER00190
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 GDP-alpha-D-mannose => 1 GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-
DE mannose + 1 H(2)O.
HP ULS00078; GDP-L-fucose from GDP-alpha-D-mannose.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.47.
DR KEGG; rn:R00888.
//
ID GDP-L-fucose from GDP-alpha-D-mannose: step 2/2.
AC UER00191
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose + 1 H(+) + 1
DE NADPH => 1 GDP-L-fucose + 1 NADP(+).
HP ULS00078; GDP-L-fucose from GDP-alpha-D-mannose.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.271.
DR KEGG; rn:R05692.
//
ID 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-D-glycerate from GDP-alpha-D-mannose (MPG route): step 1/2.
AC UER00192
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-phospho-D-glycerate + 1 GDP-alpha-D-mannose =>
DE 1 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-3-phosphoglyceric acid + 1 GDP.
HP ULS00079; 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-D-glycerate from GDP-alpha-D-mannose (MPG route).
DR ENZYME; 2.4.1.217.
DR KEGG; rn:R05768.
//
ID 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-D-glycerate from GDP-alpha-D-mannose (MPG route): step 2/2.
AC UER00193
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-3-phosphoglyceric acid + 1
DE H(2)O => 1 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-D-glycerate + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00079; 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-D-glycerate from GDP-alpha-D-mannose (MPG route).
DR ENZYME; 3.1.3.70.
DR KEGG; rn:R05790.
//
ID L-asparagine from L-aspartate (ammonia route): step 1/1.
AC UER00194
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 L-aspartate + 1 NH(3) => 1 AMP + 1 L-
DE asparagine + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00080; L-asparagine from L-aspartate (ammonia route).
DR ENZYME; 6.3.1.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R00483.
//
ID L-asparagine from L-aspartate (L-Gln route): step 1/1.
AC UER00195
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 H(2)O + 1 L-aspartate + 1 L-glutamine =>
DE 1 AMP + 1 L-asparagine + 1 L-glutamate + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00081; L-asparagine from L-aspartate (L-Gln route).
DR ENZYME; 6.3.5.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R00578.
//
ID L-serine from 3-phospho-D-glycerate: step 1/3.
AC UER00196
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-phospho-D-glycerate + 1 NAD(+) => 1 3-
DE phosphohydroxypyruvate + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00082; L-serine from 3-phospho-D-glycerate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.95.
DR KEGG; rn:R01513.
//
ID L-serine from 3-phospho-D-glycerate: step 2/3.
AC UER00197
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate + 1 L-glutamate => 1 2-
DE oxoglutarate + 1 O-phospho-L-serine.
HP ULS00082; L-serine from 3-phospho-D-glycerate.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.52.
DR KEGG; rn:R04173.
//
ID L-serine from 3-phospho-D-glycerate: step 3/3.
AC UER00198
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 O-phospho-L-serine => 1 L-serine + 1
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00082; L-serine from 3-phospho-D-glycerate.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.3.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R00582.
//
ID L-cysteine from L-serine: step 1/2.
AC UER00199
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-serine + 1 acetyl-CoA => 1 CoA + 1 O-acetyl-L-
DE serine.
HP ULS00083; L-cysteine from L-serine.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.30.
DR KEGG; rn:R00586.
//
ID L-cysteine from L-serine: step 2/2.
AC UER00200
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 O-acetyl-L-serine + 1 hydrogen sulfide => 1 L-
DE cysteine + 1 acetate.
HP ULS00083; L-cysteine from L-serine.
DR ENZYME; 2.5.1.47.
DR KEGG; rn:R00897.
//
ID L-cysteine from L-homocysteine and L-serine: step 1/2.
AC UER00201
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-homocysteine + 1 L-serine => 1 H(2)O + 1 L-
DE cystathionine.
HP ULS00084; L-cysteine from L-homocysteine and L-serine.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.22.
DR KEGG; rn:R01290.
//
ID L-cysteine from L-homocysteine and L-serine: step 2/2.
AC UER00202
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 L-cystathionine => 1 2-oxobutanoate + 1
DE L-cysteine + 1 NH(3).
HP ULS00084; L-cysteine from L-homocysteine and L-serine.
DR ENZYME; 4.4.1.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R01001.
//
ID prephenate from chorismate: step 1/1.
AC UER00203
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 chorismate => 1 prephenate.
HP ULS00085; prephenate from chorismate.
DR ENZYME; 5.4.99.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R01715.
//
ID sulfite from sulfate: step 1/3.
AC UER00204
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 sulfate => 1 5'-adenylyl sulfate + 1
DE diphosphate.
HP ULS00086; sulfite from sulfate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.7.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R00529.
//
ID sulfite from sulfate: step 2/3.
AC UER00205
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5'-adenylyl sulfate + 1 ATP => 1 3'-phospho-5'-
DE adenylyl sulfate + 1 ADP.
HP ULS00086; sulfite from sulfate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.25.
DR KEGG; rn:R00509.
//
ID sulfite from sulfate: step 3/3.
AC UER00206
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + 1 thioredoxin =>
DE 1 adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 1 sulfite + 1 thioredoxin disulfide.
HP ULS00086; sulfite from sulfate.
DR ENZYME; 1.8.4.8.
DR KEGG; rn:R02021.
//
ID hydrogen sulfide from sulfite (NADPH route): step 1/1.
AC UER00207
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 3 H(+) + 3 NADPH + 1 sulfite => 3 H(2)O + 3 NADP(+)
DE + 1 hydrogen sulfide.
HP ULS00087; hydrogen sulfide from sulfite (NADPH route).
DR ENZYME; 1.8.1.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R00858.
//
ID hydrogen sulfide from sulfite (ferredoxin route): step 1/1.
AC UER00208
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 6 H(+) + 6 reduced ferredoxin + 1 sulfite => 3
DE H(2)O + 1 hydrogen sulfide + 6 oxidized ferredoxin.
HP ULS00088; hydrogen sulfide from sulfite (ferredoxin route).
DR ENZYME; 1.8.7.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R00859.
//
ID glutathione from L-cysteine and L-glutamate: step 1/2.
AC UER00209
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 L-cysteine + 1 L-glutamate => 1 ADP + 1
DE L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00089; glutathione from L-cysteine and L-glutamate.
DR ENZYME; 6.3.2.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R00894.
//
ID glutathione from L-cysteine and L-glutamate: step 2/2.
AC UER00210
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + 1 glycine
DE => 1 ADP + 1 glutathione + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00089; glutathione from L-cysteine and L-glutamate.
DR ENZYME; 6.3.2.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R00497.
//
ID precorrin-2 from uroporphyrinogen III: step 1/1.
AC UER00211
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1 uroporphyrinogen III
DE => 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1 precorrin-2.
HP ULS00090; precorrin-2 from uroporphyrinogen III.
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.107.
DR KEGG; rn:R03194.
//
ID cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from precorrin-2 (aerobic route): step 1/10.
AC UER00212
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1 precorrin-2 => 1 H(+)
DE + 1 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1 precorrin-3A.
HP ULS00091; cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from precorrin-2 (aerobic route).
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.130.
DR KEGG; rn:R03948.
//
ID cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from precorrin-2 (aerobic route): step 10/10.
AC UER00221
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 Co(2+) + 1 H(2)O + 1 hydrogenobyrinic
DE acid a,c-diamide => 1 ADP + 1 H(+) + 1 cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide + 1
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00091; cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from precorrin-2 (aerobic route).
DR ENZYME; 6.6.1.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R05227.
//
ID cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from precorrin-2 (aerobic route): step 2/10.
AC UER00213
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 NADH + 1 O(2) + 1 precorrin-3A => 1
DE H(2)O + 1 NAD(+) + 1 precorrin-3B.
HP ULS00091; cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from precorrin-2 (aerobic route).
DR ENZYME; 1.14.13.83.
DR KEGG; rn:R05217.
//
ID cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from precorrin-2 (aerobic route): step 3/10.
AC UER00214
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1 precorrin-3B => 1 S-
DE adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1 precorrin-4.
HP ULS00091; cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from precorrin-2 (aerobic route).
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.131.
DR KEGG; rn:R05180.
//
ID cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from precorrin-2 (aerobic route): step 4/10.
AC UER00215
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1 precorrin-4 => 1 S-
DE adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1 precorrin-5.
HP ULS00091; cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from precorrin-2 (aerobic route).
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.133.
DR KEGG; rn:R05181.
//
ID cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from precorrin-2 (aerobic route): step 5/10.
AC UER00216
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1 precorrin-5
DE => 1 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1 acetate + 1 precorrin-6A.
HP ULS00091; cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from precorrin-2 (aerobic route).
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.152.
DR KEGG; rn:R05219.
//
ID cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from precorrin-2 (aerobic route): step 6/10.
AC UER00217
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH + 1 precorrin-6A => 1 NADP(+) + 1
DE precorrin-6B.
HP ULS00091; cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from precorrin-2 (aerobic route).
DR ENZYME; 1.3.1.54.
DR KEGG; rn:R05150.
//
ID cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from precorrin-2 (aerobic route): step 7/10.
AC UER00218
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1 precorrin-6B => 1
DE CO(2) + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1 precorrin-8X.
HP ULS00091; cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from precorrin-2 (aerobic route).
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.132.
DR KEGG; rn:R05149.
//
ID cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from precorrin-2 (aerobic route): step 8/10.
AC UER00219
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 precorrin-8X => 1 hydrogenobyrinic acid.
HP ULS00091; cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from precorrin-2 (aerobic route).
DR ENZYME; 5.4.1.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R05177.
//
ID cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from precorrin-2 (aerobic route): step 9/10.
AC UER00220
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 2 ATP + 2 H(2)O + 2 L-glutamine + 1
DE hydrogenobyrinic acid => 2 ADP + 2 L-glutamate + 1 hydrogenobyrinic
DE acid a,c-diamide + 2 phosphate.
HP ULS00091; cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from precorrin-2 (aerobic route).
DR ENZYME; 6.3.5.9.
DR KEGG; rn:R05224.
//
ID cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from sirohydrochlorin (anaerobic route): step 1/10.
AC UER00223
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 Co(2+) + 1 sirohydrochlorin => 2 H(+) + 1 cobalt-
DE precorrin-2.
HP ULS00092; cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from sirohydrochlorin (anaerobic route).
DR ENZYME; 4.99.1.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R05807.
//
ID cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from sirohydrochlorin (anaerobic route): step 10/10.
AC UER00231
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 2 ATP + 2 H(2)O + 2 L-glutamine + 1 cob(III)yrinic
DE acid => 2 ADP + 2 L-glutamate + 1 cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide + 2
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00092; cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from sirohydrochlorin (anaerobic route).
DR ENZYME; 6.3.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R05815.
//
ID cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from sirohydrochlorin (anaerobic route): step 2/10.
AC UER00224
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1 cobalt-precorrin-2 =>
DE 1 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1 cobalt-precorrin 3.
HP ULS00092; cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from sirohydrochlorin (anaerobic route).
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.151.
DR KEGG; rn:R05808.
DR KEGG; rn:R08716.
//
ID cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from sirohydrochlorin (anaerobic route): step 3/10.
AC UER00225
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1 cobalt-precorrin 3 =>
DE 1 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1 cobalt-precorrin 4.
HP ULS00092; cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from sirohydrochlorin (anaerobic route).
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R05809.
//
ID cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from sirohydrochlorin (anaerobic route): step 4/10.
AC UER00226
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1 cobalt-precorrin 4 =>
DE 1 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1 cobalt-precorrin 5A.
HP ULS00092; cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from sirohydrochlorin (anaerobic route).
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R05810.
//
ID cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from sirohydrochlorin (anaerobic route): step 5/10.
AC UER00561
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 cobalt-precorrin 5A => 1 acetaldehyde +
DE 1 cobalt-precorrin 5B.
HP ULS00092; cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from sirohydrochlorin (anaerobic route).
DR PubMed; 16866557.
DR KEGG; rn:R07772.
//
ID cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from sirohydrochlorin (anaerobic route): step 6/10.
AC UER00227
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1 cobalt-precorrin 5B
DE => 1 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1 cobalt-precorrin-6A.
HP ULS00092; cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from sirohydrochlorin (anaerobic route).
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R07773.
//
ID cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from sirohydrochlorin (anaerobic route): step 7/10.
AC UER00228
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH + 1 cobalt-precorrin-6A => 1
DE NADP(+) + 1 cobalt-precorrin-6B.
HP ULS00092; cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from sirohydrochlorin (anaerobic route).
DR ENZYME; 1.3.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R05812.
//
ID cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from sirohydrochlorin (anaerobic route): step 8/10.
AC UER00229
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1 cobalt-precorrin-6B
DE => 1 CO(2) + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1 cobalt-precorrin 8.
HP ULS00092; cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from sirohydrochlorin (anaerobic route).
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R05813.
//
ID cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from sirohydrochlorin (anaerobic route): step 9/10.
AC UER00230
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 cobalt-precorrin 8 => 1 cob(III)yrinic acid.
HP ULS00092; cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide from sirohydrochlorin (anaerobic route).
DR ENZYME; 5.4.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R05814.
//
ID adenosylcobalamin from cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide: step 1/7.
AC UER00232
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 FMNH(2) + 2 cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide => 1 FMN +
DE 2 H(+) + 2 cob(I)yrinic acid a,c-diamide.
HP ULS00093; adenosylcobalamin from cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide.
DR ENZYME; 1.16.8.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R05218.
//
ID adenosylcobalamin from cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide: step 2/7.
AC UER00233
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 cob(I)yrinic acid a,c-diamide => 1
DE adenosylcob(III)yrinic acid a,c-diamide + 1 triphosphate.
HP ULS00093; adenosylcobalamin from cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide.
DR ENZYME; 2.5.1.17.
DR KEGG; rn:R05220.
//
ID adenosylcobalamin from cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide: step 3/7.
AC UER00234
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 4 ATP + 4 H(2)O + 4 L-glutamine + 1
DE adenosylcob(III)yrinic acid a,c-diamide => 4 ADP + 4 L-glutamate + 1
DE adenosylcobyrinic acid a,c-diamide + 4 phosphate.
HP ULS00093; adenosylcobalamin from cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide.
DR ENZYME; 6.3.5.10.
DR KEGG; rn:R05225.
//
ID adenosylcobalamin from cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide: step 4/7.
AC UER00235
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol + 1 adenosylcobyrinic acid
DE a,c-diamide => 1 H(2)O + 1 adenosylcobinamide.
HP ULS00093; adenosylcobalamin from cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide.
DR ENZYME; 6.3.1.10.
DR KEGG; rn:R05226.
//
ID adenosylcobalamin from cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide: step 5/7.
AC UER00236
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: adenosylcobinamide + [ATP or GTP] =>
DE adenosylcobinamide phosphate + [ADP or GDP].
HP ULS00093; adenosylcobalamin from cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.156.
DR KEGG; rn:R05221.
DR KEGG; rn:R06558.
//
ID adenosylcobalamin from cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide: step 6/7.
AC UER00237
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 GTP + 1 adenosylcobinamide phosphate => 1
DE adenosylcobinamide-GDP + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00093; adenosylcobalamin from cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.7.62.
DR KEGG; rn:R05222.
//
ID adenosylcobalamin from cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide: step 7/7.
AC UER00238
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 adenosylcobinamide-GDP + 1 alpha-ribazole => 1
DE GMP + 1 adenosylcobalamin.
HP ULS00093; adenosylcobalamin from cob(II)yrinate a,c-diamide.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.8.26.
DR KEGG; rn:R05223.
//
ID penicillin G from L-alpha-aminoadipate and L-cysteine and L-valine: step 1/3.
AC UER00239
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 3 ATP + 1 H(2)O + 1 L-alpha-aminoadipate + 1 L-
DE cysteine + 1 L-valine => 3 AMP + 1 N-[L-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-
DE cysteinyl-D-valine + 3 diphosphate.
HP ULS00094; penicillin G from L-alpha-aminoadipate and L-cysteine and L-valine.
DR ENZYME; 6.3.2.26.
DR KEGG; rn:R04870.
//
ID penicillin G from L-alpha-aminoadipate and L-cysteine and L-valine: step 2/3.
AC UER00240
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 N-[L-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-
DE valine + 1 O(2) => 2 H(2)O + 1 isopenicillin N.
HP ULS00094; penicillin G from L-alpha-aminoadipate and L-cysteine and L-valine.
DR ENZYME; 1.21.3.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R04872.
//
ID penicillin G from L-alpha-aminoadipate and L-cysteine and L-valine: step 3/3.
AC UER00241
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 isopenicillin N + 1 phenylacetyl-CoA =>
DE 1 CoA + 1 L-alpha-aminoadipate + 1 penicillin G.
HP ULS00094; penicillin G from L-alpha-aminoadipate and L-cysteine and L-valine.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.164.
DR KEGG; rn:R04868.
//
ID clavulanate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and L-arginine: step 1/8.
AC UER00242
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + 1 L-arginine => 1
DE N(2)-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00095; clavulanate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and L-arginine.
DR ENZYME; 2.5.1.66.
DR PubMed; 14623876.
DR KEGG; rn:R05465.
//
ID clavulanate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and L-arginine: step 2/8.
AC UER00243
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 N(2)-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine => 1 AMP
DE + 1 deoxyamidinoproclavaminic acid + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00095; clavulanate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and L-arginine.
DR ENZYME; 6.3.3.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R05467.
//
ID clavulanate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and L-arginine: step 3/8.
AC UER00244
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 O(2) + 1
DE deoxyamidinoproclavaminic acid => 1 CO(2) + 1 amidinoproclavaminic
DE acid + 1 succinate.
HP ULS00095; clavulanate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and L-arginine.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.11.21.
DR KEGG; rn:R05466.
//
ID clavulanate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and L-arginine: step 4/8.
AC UER00245
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 amidinoproclavaminic acid => 1
DE proclavaminic acid + 1 urea.
HP ULS00095; clavulanate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and L-arginine.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.3.22.
DR KEGG; rn:R05357.
//
ID clavulanate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and L-arginine: step 5/8.
AC UER00246
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 O(2) + 1 proclavaminic acid =>
DE 1 CO(2) + 1 H(2)O + 1 dihydroclavaminic acid + 1 succinate.
HP ULS00095; clavulanate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and L-arginine.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.11.21.
DR KEGG; rn:R05468.
//
ID clavulanate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and L-arginine: step 6/8.
AC UER00247
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 O(2) + 1 dihydroclavaminic
DE acid => 1 CO(2) + 1 H(2)O + 1 clavaminate + 1 succinate.
HP ULS00095; clavulanate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and L-arginine.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.11.21.
DR KEGG; rn:R05469.
//
ID clavulanate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and L-arginine: step 7/8.
AC UER00248
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 clavaminate => 1 clavulanate-9-aldehyde.
HP ULS00095; clavulanate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and L-arginine.
DR KEGG; rn:R05470.
//
ID clavulanate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and L-arginine: step 8/8.
AC UER00249
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH + 1 clavulanate-9-aldehyde => 1
DE NADP(+) + 1 clavulanate.
HP ULS00095; clavulanate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and L-arginine.
DR KEGG; rn:R05471.
//
ID 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate and benzoate from biphenyl: step 1/4.
AC UER00250
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 NADH + 1 O(2) + 1 biphenyl => 1 NAD(+) +
DE 1 cis-3-phenylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol.
HP ULS00096; 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate and benzoate from biphenyl.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.12.18.
DR KEGG; rn:R05263.
//
ID 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate and benzoate from biphenyl: step 2/4.
AC UER00251
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 NAD(+) + 1 cis-3-phenylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-
DE diol => 1 H(+) + 1 NADH + 1 biphenyl-2,3-diol.
HP ULS00096; 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate and benzoate from biphenyl.
DR ENZYME; 1.3.1.56.
DR KEGG; rn:R05239.
//
ID 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate and benzoate from biphenyl: step 3/4.
AC UER00252
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 O(2) + 1 biphenyl-2,3-diol => 1 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-
DE 6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate.
HP ULS00096; 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate and benzoate from biphenyl.
DR ENZYME; 1.13.11.39.
DR KEGG; rn:R03462.
//
ID 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate and benzoate from biphenyl: step 4/4.
AC UER00253
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate + 1
DE H(2)O => 1 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate + 1 benzoate.
HP ULS00096; 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate and benzoate from biphenyl.
DR ENZYME; 3.7.1.8.
DR KEGG; rn:R02606.
//
ID catechol from benzoate: step 1/2.
AC UER00254
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 NADH + 1 O(2) + 1 benzoate => 1 (1R,6S)-
DE 1,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,4-dienecarboxylic acid + 1 NAD(+).
HP ULS00097; catechol from benzoate.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.12.10.
DR KEGG; rn:R05621.
//
ID catechol from benzoate: step 2/2.
AC UER00255
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (1R,6S)-1,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,4-
DE dienecarboxylic acid + 1 NAD(+) => 1 CO(2) + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH + 1
DE catechol.
HP ULS00097; catechol from benzoate.
DR ENZYME; 1.3.1.25.
DR KEGG; rn:R00813.
//
ID 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate from benzoate: step 1/2.
AC UER00256
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH + 1 O(2) + 1 benzoate => 1 4-
DE hydroxybenzoate + 1 H(2)O + 1 NADP(+).
HP ULS00098; 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate from benzoate.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.13.12.
DR KEGG; rn:R01295.
//
ID 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate from benzoate: step 2/2.
AC UER00257
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-hydroxybenzoate + 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH + 1 O(2) =>
DE 1 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + 1 H(2)O + 1 NADP(+).
HP ULS00098; 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate from benzoate.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.13.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R01298.
//
ID 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furylacetate from catechol: step 1/3.
AC UER00258
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 O(2) + 1 catechol => 1 cis,cis-muconate.
HP ULS00099; 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furylacetate from catechol.
DR ENZYME; 1.13.11.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R00817.
//
ID 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furylacetate from catechol: step 2/3.
AC UER00259
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 cis,cis-muconate => 1 (S)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-2-
DE furylacetic acid.
HP ULS00099; 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furylacetate from catechol.
DR ENZYME; 5.5.1.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R06989.
//
ID 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furylacetate from catechol: step 3/3.
AC UER00260
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-2-furylacetic acid => 1 5-
DE oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furylacetate.
HP ULS00099; 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furylacetate from catechol.
DR ENZYME; 5.3.3.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R06990.
//
ID 3-oxoadipate from 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furylacetate: step 1/1.
AC UER00261
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furylacetate + 1 H(2)O => 1
DE 3-oxoadipate.
HP ULS00100; 3-oxoadipate from 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furylacetate.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.1.24.
DR KEGG; rn:R02991.
//
ID acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA from 3-oxoadipate: step 1/2.
AC UER00262
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-oxoadipate + 1 succinyl-CoA => 1 3-oxoadipyl-
DE CoA + 1 succinate.
HP ULS00101; acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA from 3-oxoadipate.
DR ENZYME; 2.8.3.6.
DR KEGG; rn:R02990.
//
ID acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA from 3-oxoadipate: step 2/2.
AC UER00263
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-oxoadipyl-CoA + 1 CoA => 1 acetyl-CoA + 1
DE succinyl-CoA.
HP ULS00101; acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA from 3-oxoadipate.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.174.
DR KEGG; rn:R00829.
//
ID 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate from 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate: step 1/1.
AC UER00264
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + 1 O(2) => 1 3-carboxy-
DE cis,cis-muconate.
HP ULS00102; 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate from 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate.
DR ENZYME; 1.13.11.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R01631.
//
ID 3-oxoadipate from 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate: step 1/4.
AC UER00267
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + H(+) + O(2) + [NADH or
DE NADPH] => CO(2) + H(2)O + benzene-1,2,4-triol + [NAD(+) or NADP(+)].
HP ULS00103; 3-oxoadipate from 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate.
DR ENZYME; 1.13.11.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R01629.
DR KEGG; rn:R01630.
//
ID 3-oxoadipate from 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate: step 2/4.
AC UER00268
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 O(2) + 1 benzene-1,2,4-triol => 1 3-hydroxy-
DE cis,cis-muconate.
HP ULS00103; 3-oxoadipate from 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate.
DR ENZYME; 1.13.11.37.
DR KEGG; rn:R04061.
//
ID 3-oxoadipate from 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate: step 3/4.
AC UER00269
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate => 1 maleylacetate.
HP ULS00103; 3-oxoadipate from 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate.
DR KEGG; rn:R03892.
//
ID 3-oxoadipate from 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate: step 4/4.
AC UER00278
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: H(+) + maleylacetate + [NADH or NADPH] => 3-
DE oxoadipate + [NAD(+) or NADP(+)].
HP ULS00103; 3-oxoadipate from 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate.
DR ENZYME; 1.3.1.32.
DR KEGG; rn:R02988.
DR KEGG; rn:R02989.
//
ID betaine from glycine: step 1/3.
AC UER00381
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1 glycine => 1 S-
DE adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1 sarcosine.
HP ULS00104; betaine from glycine.
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.156.
DR KEGG; rn:R00367.
//
ID betaine from glycine: step 2/3.
AC UER00382
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1 sarcosine => 1 N,N-
DE dimethylglycine + 1 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
HP ULS00104; betaine from glycine.
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.156.
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.157.
DR KEGG; rn:R07243.
//
ID betaine from glycine: step 3/3.
AC UER00383
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 N,N-dimethylglycine + 1 S-adenosyl-L-methionine
DE => 1 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1 betaine.
HP ULS00104; betaine from glycine.
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.157.
DR KEGG; rn:R07244.
//
ID UDP from UMP (UMK/CMK route): step 1/1.
AC UER00274
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 UMP => 1 ADP + 1 UDP.
HP ULS00105; UDP from UMP (UMK/CMK route).
DR ENZYME; 2.7.4.14.
DR KEGG; rn:R00158.
//
ID UDP from UMP (UMPK route): step 1/1.
AC UER00275
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 UMP => 1 ADP + 1 UDP.
HP ULS00106; UDP from UMP (UMPK route).
DR ENZYME; 2.7.4.22.
DR PubMed; 16095620.
DR KEGG; rn:R00158.
//
ID CTP from UDP: step 1/2.
AC UER00276
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 UDP => 1 ADP + 1 UTP.
HP ULS00107; CTP from UDP.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.4.6.
DR KEGG; rn:R00156.
//
ID CTP from UDP: step 2/2.
AC UER00277
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 NH(3) + 1 UTP => 1 ADP + 1 CTP + 1
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00107; CTP from UDP.
DR ENZYME; 6.3.4.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R00571.
//
ID CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate from 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate and CTP: step 1/1.
AC UER00476
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate + 1 CTP => 1 CMP-3-
DE deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00108; CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate from 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate and CTP.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.7.38.
DR KEGG; rn:R03351.
//
ID L-glutamate and succinate from L-arginine: step 1/5.
AC UER00279
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-arginine + 1 succinyl-CoA => 1 CoA + 1 N(2)-
DE succinyl-L-arginine.
HP ULS00109; L-glutamate and succinate from L-arginine.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.109.
DR KEGG; rn:R00832.
//
ID L-glutamate and succinate from L-arginine: step 2/5.
AC UER00280
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 2 H(2)O + 1 N(2)-succinyl-L-arginine => 1 CO(2) + 1
DE N(2)-succinyl-L-ornithine + 2 NH(3).
HP ULS00109; L-glutamate and succinate from L-arginine.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.3.23.
DR KEGG; rn:R04189.
//
ID L-glutamate and succinate from L-arginine: step 3/5.
AC UER00281
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 N(2)-succinyl-L-ornithine => 1
DE L-glutamate + 1 N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde.
HP ULS00109; L-glutamate and succinate from L-arginine.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.81.
DR KEGG; rn:R04217.
//
ID L-glutamate and succinate from L-arginine: step 4/5.
AC UER00282
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde +
DE 1 NAD(+) => 1 H(+) + 1 N(2)-succinyl-L-glutamic acid + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00109; L-glutamate and succinate from L-arginine.
DR ENZYME; 1.2.1.71.
DR KEGG; rn:R05049.
//
ID L-glutamate and succinate from L-arginine: step 5/5.
AC UER00283
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 N(2)-succinyl-L-glutamic acid => 1 L-
DE glutamate + 1 succinate.
HP ULS00109; L-glutamate and succinate from L-arginine.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.1.96.
DR KEGG; rn:R00411.
//
ID agmatine from L-arginine: step 1/1.
AC UER00284
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-arginine => 1 CO(2) + 1 agmatine.
HP ULS00110; agmatine from L-arginine.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.19.
DR KEGG; rn:R00566.
//
ID N-carbamoylputrescine from agmatine: step 1/1.
AC UER00285
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 agmatine => 1 N-carbamoylputrescine + 1
DE NH(3).
HP ULS00111; N-carbamoylputrescine from agmatine.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.3.12.
DR KEGG; rn:R01416.
//
ID putrescine from agmatine: step 1/1.
AC UER00287
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 agmatine => 1 putrescine + 1 urea.
HP ULS00112; putrescine from agmatine.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.3.11.
DR KEGG; rn:R01157.
//
ID putrescine from L-ornithine: step 1/1.
AC UER00288
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-ornithine => 1 CO(2) + 1 putrescine.
HP ULS00113; putrescine from L-ornithine.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.17.
DR PubMed; 12686127.
DR KEGG; rn:R00670.
//
ID 4-aminobutanal from putrescine (amine oxidase route): step 1/1.
AC UER00289
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 O(2) + 1 putrescine => 1 4-aminobutanal
DE + 1 H(2)O(2) + 1 NH(3).
HP ULS00114; 4-aminobutanal from putrescine (amine oxidase route).
DR ENZYME; 1.4.3.10.
DR KEGG; rn:R01151.
//
ID 4-aminobutanal from putrescine (transaminase route): step 1/1.
AC UER00290
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 putrescine => 1 4-aminobutanal
DE + 1 L-glutamate.
HP ULS00115; 4-aminobutanal from putrescine (transaminase route).
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.82.
DR KEGG; rn:R01155.
//
ID XMP from IMP: step 1/1.
AC UER00295
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 IMP + 1 NAD(+) => 1 H(+) + 1 NADH + 1
DE XMP.
HP ULS00117; XMP from IMP.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.205.
DR KEGG; rn:R01130.
//
ID GMP from XMP (L-Gln route): step 1/1.
AC UER00296
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 H(2)O + 1 L-glutamine + 1 XMP => 1 AMP +
DE 1 GMP + 1 L-glutamate + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00118; GMP from XMP (L-Gln route).
DR ENZYME; 6.3.5.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R01231.
//
ID GMP from XMP (ammonia route): step 1/1.
AC UER00297
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 NH(3) + 1 XMP => 1 AMP + 1 GMP + 1
DE diphosphate.
HP ULS00119; GMP from XMP (ammonia route).
DR ENZYME; 6.3.4.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R01230.
//
ID pyridoxal 5'-phosphate from pyridoxal: step 1/1.
AC UER00298
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 pyridoxal => 1 ADP + 1 pyridoxal 5'-
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00120; pyridoxal 5'-phosphate from pyridoxal.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.35.
DR KEGG; rn:R00174.
//
ID pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate from pyridoxamine: step 1/1.
AC UER00299
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 pyridoxamine => 1 ADP + 1 pyridoxamine
DE 5'-phosphate.
HP ULS00121; pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate from pyridoxamine.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.35.
DR KEGG; rn:R02493.
//
ID pyridoxine 5'-phosphate from pyridoxine: step 1/1.
AC UER00300
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 pyridoxine => 1 ADP + 1 pyridoxine 5'-
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00122; pyridoxine 5'-phosphate from pyridoxine.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.35.
DR KEGG; rn:R01909.
//
ID pyridoxal from pyridoxal 5'-phosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00301
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 pyridoxal 5'-phosphate => 1 phosphate +
DE 1 pyridoxal.
HP ULS00123; pyridoxal from pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.3.74.
DR KEGG; rn:R00173.
//
ID pyridoxamine from pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00302
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate => 1
DE phosphate + 1 pyridoxamine.
HP ULS00124; pyridoxamine from pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.3.74.
DR KEGG; rn:R02494.
//
ID pyridoxine from pyridoxine 5'-phosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00303
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 pyridoxine 5'-phosphate => 1 phosphate
DE + 1 pyridoxine.
HP ULS00125; pyridoxine from pyridoxine 5'-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.3.74.
DR KEGG; rn:R01911.
//
ID pyridoxal 5'-phosphate from pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00304
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 O(2) + 1 pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate => 1
DE H(2)O(2) + 1 NH(3) + 1 pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.
HP ULS00126; pyridoxal 5'-phosphate from pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 1.4.3.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R00277.
//
ID pyridoxal 5'-phosphate from pyridoxine 5'-phosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00305
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 O(2) + 1 pyridoxine 5'-phosphate => 1 H(2)O(2) +
DE 1 pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.
HP ULS00127; pyridoxal 5'-phosphate from pyridoxine 5'-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 1.4.3.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R00278.
//
ID pyridoxal from pyridoxamine: step 1/1.
AC UER00306
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 pyridoxamine + 1 pyruvate => 1 L-alanine + 1
DE pyridoxal.
HP ULS00128; pyridoxal from pyridoxamine.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.30.
DR KEGG; rn:R01712.
//
ID pyridoxal from pyridoxine (dehydrogenase route): step 1/1.
AC UER00307
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 NADP(+) + 1 pyridoxine => 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH + 1
DE pyridoxal.
HP ULS00129; pyridoxal from pyridoxine (dehydrogenase route).
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.65.
DR KEGG; rn:R01708.
//
ID 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furylacetate from 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate: step 1/2.
AC UER00265
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate => 1 2-carboxy-2,5-
DE dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate.
HP ULS00130; 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furylacetate from 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate.
DR ENZYME; 5.5.1.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R03307.
//
ID 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furylacetate from 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate: step 2/2.
AC UER00266
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate => 1
DE 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furylacetate + 1 CO(2).
HP ULS00130; 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furylacetate from 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.44.
DR KEGG; rn:R03470.
//
ID 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate from 3-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate: step 1/1.
AC UER00308
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate => 1
DE 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate.
HP ULS00131; 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate from 3-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate.
DR ENZYME; 5.5.1.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R03308.
//
ID pyridoxine 5'-phosphate from D-erythrose 4-phosphate: step 1/5.
AC UER00309
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-erythrose 4-phosphate + 1 H(2)O + 1 NAD(+) => 1
DE 4-phospho-D-erythronate + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00132; pyridoxine 5'-phosphate from D-erythrose 4-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 1.2.1.72.
DR KEGG; rn:R01825.
//
ID pyridoxine 5'-phosphate from D-erythrose 4-phosphate: step 2/5.
AC UER00310
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-phospho-D-erythronate + 1 NAD(+) => 1 (R)-3-
DE hydroxy-2-oxo-4-phosphonooxybutanoic acid + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00132; pyridoxine 5'-phosphate from D-erythrose 4-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.290.
DR KEGG; rn:R04210.
//
ID pyridoxine 5'-phosphate from D-erythrose 4-phosphate: step 3/5.
AC UER00311
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-phosphonooxybutanoic acid +
DE 1 L-glutamate => 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 4-(phosphonooxy)-L-threonine.
HP ULS00132; pyridoxine 5'-phosphate from D-erythrose 4-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.52.
DR KEGG; rn:R05085.
//
ID pyridoxine 5'-phosphate from D-erythrose 4-phosphate: step 4/5.
AC UER00312
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-(phosphonooxy)-L-threonine + 1 NAD(+) => 1 3-
DE amino-2-oxopropyl phosphate + 1 CO(2) + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00132; pyridoxine 5'-phosphate from D-erythrose 4-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.262.
DR KEGG; rn:R05681.
DR KEGG; rn:R07406.
//
ID pyridoxine 5'-phosphate from D-erythrose 4-phosphate: step 5/5.
AC UER00313
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + 1 3-amino-2-
DE oxopropyl phosphate => 2 H(2)O + 1 phosphate + 1 pyridoxine 5'-
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00132; pyridoxine 5'-phosphate from D-erythrose 4-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.99.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R05838.
//
ID 4-aminobutanoate from 4-aminobutanal: step 1/1.
AC UER00292
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-aminobutanal + 1 H(2)O + 1 NAD(+) => 1 4-
DE aminobutanoate + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00133; 4-aminobutanoate from 4-aminobutanal.
DR ENZYME; 1.2.1.19.
DR KEGG; rn:R02549.
//
ID succinate semialdehyde from 4-aminobutanoate: step 1/1.
AC UER00293
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 4-aminobutanoate => 1 L-
DE glutamate + 1 succinate semialdehyde.
HP ULS00134; succinate semialdehyde from 4-aminobutanoate.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.19.
DR KEGG; rn:R01648.
//
ID 1,3-diaminopropane and 4-aminobutanal from spermidine: step 1/1.
AC UER00291
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 acceptor + 1 spermidine => 1 1,3-
DE diaminopropane + 1 4-aminobutanal + 1 reduced acceptor.
HP ULS00135; 1,3-diaminopropane and 4-aminobutanal from spermidine.
DR ENZYME; 1.5.99.6.
DR KEGG; rn:R01915.
//
ID spermidine from putrescine: step 1/1.
AC UER00314
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 S-adenosylmethioninamine + 1 putrescine => 1 S-
DE methyl-5'-thioadenosine + 1 spermidine.
HP ULS00136; spermidine from putrescine.
DR ENZYME; 2.5.1.16.
DR PubMed; 16931179.
DR PubMed; 16428313.
DR PubMed; 17221359.
DR PubMed; 17585781.
DR PubMed; 17357156.
DR PubMed; 17196392.
DR KEGG; rn:R01920.
//
ID spermine from spermidine: step 1/1.
AC UER00315
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 S-adenosylmethioninamine + 1 spermidine => 1 S-
DE methyl-5'-thioadenosine + 1 spermine.
HP ULS00137; spermine from spermidine.
DR ENZYME; 2.5.1.22.
DR PubMed; 16428313.
DR PubMed; 16182474.
DR KEGG; rn:R02869.
//
ID 5-aminolevulinate from L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu): step 1/2.
AC UER00316
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) + 1 NADPH => 1 (S)-
DE 4-amino-5-oxopentanoic acid + 1 NADP(+) + 1 tRNA(Glu).
HP ULS00138; 5-aminolevulinate from L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu).
DR ENZYME; 1.2.1.70.
DR KEGG; rn:R04109.
//
ID 5-aminolevulinate from L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu): step 2/2.
AC UER00317
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoic acid => 1 5-
DE aminolevulinate.
HP ULS00138; 5-aminolevulinate from L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu).
DR ENZYME; 5.4.3.8.
DR KEGG; rn:R02272.
//
ID protoporphyrinogen-IX from coproporphyrinogen-III (O2 route): step 1/1.
AC UER00322
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 O(2) + 1 coproporphyrinogen-III => 2 CO(2) + 2
DE H(2)O + 1 protoporphyrinogen-IX.
HP ULS00139; protoporphyrinogen-IX from coproporphyrinogen-III (O2 route).
DR ENZYME; 1.3.3.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R03220.
//
ID protoporphyrinogen-IX from coproporphyrinogen-III (AdoMet route): step 1/1.
AC UER00323
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1 coproporphyrinogen-
DE III => 2 5'-deoxyadenosine + 2 CO(2) + 2 L-methionine + 1
DE protoporphyrinogen-IX.
HP ULS00140; protoporphyrinogen-IX from coproporphyrinogen-III (AdoMet route).
DR ENZYME; 1.3.99.22.
DR KEGG; rn:R06895.
//
ID protoporphyrin-IX from protoporphyrinogen-IX: step 1/1.
AC UER00324
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 3 O(2) + 1 protoporphyrinogen-IX => 3 H(2)O(2) + 1
DE protoporphyrin-IX.
HP ULS00141; protoporphyrin-IX from protoporphyrinogen-IX.
DR ENZYME; 1.3.3.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R03222.
//
ID iminoaspartate from L-aspartate (oxidase route): step 1/1.
AC UER00326
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-aspartate + 1 O(2) => 1 H(2)O(2) + 1
DE iminoaspartate.
HP ULS00142; iminoaspartate from L-aspartate (oxidase route).
DR ENZYME; 1.4.3.16.
DR PubMed; 17586625.
DR PubMed; 17600080.
DR KEGG; rn:R00481.
//
ID quinolinate from L-kynurenine: step 1/3.
AC UER00328
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 L-kynurenine + 1 NADPH + 1 O(2) => 1 3-
DE hydroxy-L-kynurenine + 1 H(2)O + 1 NADP(+).
HP ULS00143; quinolinate from L-kynurenine.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.13.9.
DR KEGG; rn:R01960.
//
ID quinolinate from L-kynurenine: step 2/3.
AC UER00329
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + 1 H(2)O => 1 3-
DE hydroxyanthranilate + 1 L-alanine.
HP ULS00143; quinolinate from L-kynurenine.
DR ENZYME; 3.7.1.3.
DR PubMed; 17300176.
DR KEGG; rn:R02668.
//
ID quinolinate from L-kynurenine: step 3/3.
AC UER00330
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-hydroxyanthranilate + 1 O(2) => 1 H(2)O + 1
DE quinolinate.
HP ULS00143; quinolinate from L-kynurenine.
DR ENZYME; 1.13.11.6.
DR PubMed; 16522801.
DR KEGG; rn:R02665.
DR KEGG; rn:R04293.
//
ID nicotinate D-ribonucleotide from quinolinate: step 1/1.
AC UER00331
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + 1
DE quinolinate => 1 CO(2) + 1 diphosphate + 1 nicotinate D-
DE ribonucleotide.
HP ULS00144; nicotinate D-ribonucleotide from quinolinate.
DR ENZYME; 2.4.2.19.
DR PubMed; 17868694.
DR PubMed; 16419067.
DR PubMed; 11876660.
DR KEGG; rn:R03348.
//
ID NAD(+) from deamido-NAD(+) (ammonia route): step 1/1.
AC UER00333
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 NH(3) + 1 deamido-NAD(+) => 1 AMP + 1
DE NAD(+) + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00145; NAD(+) from deamido-NAD(+) (ammonia route).
DR ENZYME; 6.3.1.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R00189.
//
ID NAD(+) from deamido-NAD(+) (L-Gln route): step 1/1.
AC UER00334
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 H(2)O + 1 L-glutamine + 1 deamido-NAD(+)
DE => 1 AMP + 1 L-glutamate + 1 NAD(+) + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00146; NAD(+) from deamido-NAD(+) (L-Gln route).
DR ENZYME; 6.3.5.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R00257.
//
ID AMP from IMP: step 1/2.
AC UER00335
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 GTP + 1 IMP + 1 L-aspartate => 1 GDP + 1 N(6)-
DE (1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00147; AMP from IMP.
DR ENZYME; 6.3.4.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R01135.
//
ID AMP from IMP: step 2/2.
AC UER00336
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP => 1 AMP + 1
DE fumarate.
HP ULS00147; AMP from IMP.
DR ENZYME; 4.3.2.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R01083.
//
ID acetoacetate and fumarate from L-phenylalanine: step 1/6.
AC UER00337
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-phenylalanine + 1 O(2) + 1 tetrahydrobiopterin
DE => 1 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + 1 L-tyrosine.
HP ULS00148; acetoacetate and fumarate from L-phenylalanine.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.16.1.
DR PubMed; 12096915.
DR PubMed; 12126628.
DR PubMed; 17537732.
DR KEGG; rn:R07211.
//
ID acetoacetate and fumarate from L-phenylalanine: step 2/6.
AC UER00338
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 L-tyrosine => 1 (4-
DE hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + 1 L-glutamate.
HP ULS00148; acetoacetate and fumarate from L-phenylalanine.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R00734.
//
ID acetoacetate and fumarate from L-phenylalanine: step 3/6.
AC UER00362
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + 1 O(2) => 1 CO(2) + 1
DE homogentisate.
HP ULS00148; acetoacetate and fumarate from L-phenylalanine.
DR ENZYME; 1.13.11.27.
DR KEGG; rn:R02521.
//
ID acetoacetate and fumarate from L-phenylalanine: step 4/6.
AC UER00339
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 O(2) + 1 homogentisate => 1 4-maleylacetoacetate.
HP ULS00148; acetoacetate and fumarate from L-phenylalanine.
DR ENZYME; 1.13.11.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R02519.
//
ID acetoacetate and fumarate from L-phenylalanine: step 5/6.
AC UER00340
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-maleylacetoacetate => 1 4-fumarylacetoacetate.
HP ULS00148; acetoacetate and fumarate from L-phenylalanine.
DR ENZYME; 5.2.1.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R03181.
//
ID acetoacetate and fumarate from L-phenylalanine: step 6/6.
AC UER00341
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-fumarylacetoacetate + 1 H(2)O => 1 acetoacetate
DE + 1 fumarate.
HP ULS00148; acetoacetate and fumarate from L-phenylalanine.
DR ENZYME; 3.7.1.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R01364.
//
ID L-arogenate from prephenate (L-Asp route): step 1/1.
AC UER00342
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-aspartate + 1 prephenate => 1 L-arogenate + 1
DE oxaloacetate.
HP ULS00149; L-arogenate from prephenate (L-Asp route).
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.78.
DR KEGG; rn:R01731.
//
ID L-arogenate from prephenate (L-Glu route): step 1/1.
AC UER00343
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-glutamate + 1 prephenate => 1 2-oxoglutarate +
DE 1 L-arogenate.
HP ULS00150; L-arogenate from prephenate (L-Glu route).
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.79.
DR KEGG; rn:R07276.
//
ID L-phenylalanine from L-arogenate: step 1/1.
AC UER00344
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-arogenate => 1 CO(2) + 1 H(2)O + 1 L-
DE phenylalanine.
HP ULS00151; L-phenylalanine from L-arogenate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.91.
DR KEGG; rn:R00691.
//
ID phenylpyruvate from prephenate: step 1/1.
AC UER00345
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 prephenate => 1 CO(2) + 1 H(2)O + 1
DE phenylpyruvate.
HP ULS00152; phenylpyruvate from prephenate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.51.
DR KEGG; rn:R01373.
//
ID L-phenylalanine from phenylpyruvate (PDH route): step 1/1.
AC UER00346
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 NADH + 1 NH(3) + 1 phenylpyruvate => 1
DE H(2)O + 1 L-phenylalanine + 1 NAD(+).
HP ULS00153; L-phenylalanine from phenylpyruvate (PDH route).
DR ENZYME; 1.4.1.20.
DR KEGG; rn:R00688.
//
ID L-phenylalanine from phenylpyruvate (ArAT route): step 1/1.
AC UER00347
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-glutamate + 1 phenylpyruvate => 1 2-
DE oxoglutarate + 1 L-phenylalanine.
HP ULS00154; L-phenylalanine from phenylpyruvate (ArAT route).
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.57.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R00694.
//
ID pimeloyl-CoA from pimelate: step 1/1.
AC UER00351
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 CoA + 1 pimelate => 1 AMP + 1 diphosphate
DE + 1 pimeloyl-CoA.
HP ULS00157; pimeloyl-CoA from pimelate.
DR ENZYME; 6.2.1.14.
DR KEGG; rn:R03209.
//
ID CoA from (R)-pantothenate: step 1/5.
AC UER00352
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (R)-pantothenate + 1 ATP => 1 (R)-4'-
DE phosphopantothenate + 1 ADP.
HP ULS00158; CoA from (R)-pantothenate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.33.
DR KEGG; rn:R03018.
//
ID CoA from (R)-pantothenate: step 2/5.
AC UER00353
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate + 1 CTP + 1 L-cysteine
DE => 1 CMP + 1 N-[(R)-4-phosphonopantothenoyl]-L-cysteine + 1
DE diphosphate.
HP ULS00158; CoA from (R)-pantothenate.
DR ENZYME; 6.3.2.5.
DR PubMed; 15530362.
DR PubMed; 12906824.
DR KEGG; rn:R04231.
//
ID CoA from (R)-pantothenate: step 3/5.
AC UER00354
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 N-[(R)-4-phosphonopantothenoyl]-L-cysteine => 1
DE CO(2) + 1 pantotheine 4'-phosphate.
HP ULS00158; CoA from (R)-pantothenate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.36.
DR KEGG; rn:R03269.
//
ID CoA from (R)-pantothenate: step 4/5.
AC UER00355
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 pantotheine 4'-phosphate => 1 3'-
DE dephospho-CoA + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00158; CoA from (R)-pantothenate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.7.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R03035.
//
ID CoA from (R)-pantothenate: step 5/5.
AC UER00356
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3'-dephospho-CoA + 1 ATP => 1 ADP + 1 CoA.
HP ULS00158; CoA from (R)-pantothenate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.24.
DR KEGG; rn:R00130.
//
ID L-proline from L-ornithine: step 1/1.
AC UER00357
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-ornithine => 1 L-proline + 1 NH(3).
HP ULS00159; L-proline from L-ornithine.
DR ENZYME; 4.3.1.12.
DR KEGG; rn:R00671.
//
ID L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde from L-ornithine: step 1/1.
AC UER00358
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 L-ornithine => 1 L-glutamate +
DE 1 L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde.
HP ULS00160; L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde from L-ornithine.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.13.
DR PubMed; 17604199.
DR KEGG; rn:R00667.
//
ID L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde from L-glutamate: step 1/2.
AC UER00359
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 L-glutamate => 1 ADP + 1 L-glutamyl 5-
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00161; L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde from L-glutamate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.2.11.
DR KEGG; rn:R00239.
//
ID L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde from L-glutamate: step 2/2.
AC UER00360
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + 1 NADPH => 1 L-
DE glutamate 5-semialdehyde + 1 NADP(+) + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00161; L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde from L-glutamate.
DR ENZYME; 1.2.1.41.
DR KEGG; rn:R03313.
//
ID L-proline from L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde: step 1/1.
AC UER00361
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + 1 NADH => 1
DE H(2)O + 1 L-proline + 1 NAD(+).
HP ULS00162; L-proline from L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde.
DR ENZYME; 1.5.1.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R01248.
DR KEGG; rn:R03314.
//
ID N-acetylputrescine from putrescine: step 1/1.
AC UER00363
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 acetyl-CoA + 1 putrescine => 1 CoA + 1 N-
DE acetylputrescine.
HP ULS00163; N-acetylputrescine from putrescine.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.57.
DR KEGG; rn:R01154.
//
ID carbamoyl phosphate from L-arginine: step 1/2.
AC UER00364
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 L-arginine => 1 L-citrulline + 1 NH(3).
HP ULS00164; carbamoyl phosphate from L-arginine.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.3.6.
DR KEGG; rn:R00552.
//
ID carbamoyl phosphate from L-arginine: step 2/2.
AC UER00365
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-citrulline + 1 phosphate => 1 L-ornithine + 1
DE carbamoyl phosphate.
HP ULS00164; carbamoyl phosphate from L-arginine.
DR ENZYME; 2.1.3.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R01398.
//
ID (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA from (R)-mevalonate: step 1/1.
AC UER00367
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (R)-mevalonate + 1 CoA + 2 NAD(+) => 1 (S)-3-
DE hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 H(+) + 2 NADH.
HP ULS00165; (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA from (R)-mevalonate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.88.
DR KEGG; rn:R02081.
//
ID geranyl diphosphate from dimethylallyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00368
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 dimethylallyl diphosphate + 1 isopentenyl
DE diphosphate => 1 diphosphate + 1 geranyl diphosphate.
HP ULS00166; geranyl diphosphate from dimethylallyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.5.1.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R01658.
//
ID farnesyl diphosphate from geranyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00369
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 geranyl diphosphate + 1 isopentenyl diphosphate
DE => 1 diphosphate + 1 farnesyl diphosphate.
HP ULS00167; farnesyl diphosphate from geranyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.5.1.10.
DR KEGG; rn:R02003.
//
ID CO(2) and NH(3) from urea (urease route): step 1/1.
AC UER00370
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 urea => 1 CO(2) + 2 NH(3).
HP ULS00168; CO(2) and NH(3) from urea (urease route).
DR ENZYME; 3.5.1.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R00131.
//
ID CO(2) and NH(3) from urea (allophanate route): step 1/2.
AC UER00371
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 bicarbonate + 1 urea => 1 ADP + 1
DE phosphate + 1 urea-1-carboxylate.
HP ULS00169; CO(2) and NH(3) from urea (allophanate route).
DR ENZYME; 6.3.4.6.
DR KEGG; rn:R00774.
//
ID CO(2) and NH(3) from urea (allophanate route): step 2/2.
AC UER00372
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 urea-1-carboxylate => 2 CO(2) + 2
DE NH(3).
HP ULS00169; CO(2) and NH(3) from urea (allophanate route).
DR ENZYME; 3.5.1.54.
DR KEGG; rn:R00005.
//
ID L-glutamate from L-proline: step 1/2.
AC UER00373
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-proline + 1 acceptor => 1 (S)-1-pyrroline-5-
DE carboxylic acid + 1 reduced acceptor.
HP ULS00170; L-glutamate from L-proline.
DR ENZYME; 1.5.99.8.
DR KEGG; rn:R01253.
//
ID L-glutamate from L-proline: step 2/2.
AC UER00374
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid + 2 H(2)O + 1
DE NAD(+) => 1 H(+) + 1 L-glutamate + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00170; L-glutamate from L-proline.
DR ENZYME; 1.5.1.12.
DR KEGG; rn:R00707.
//
ID 5-aminolevulinate from glycine: step 1/1.
AC UER00375
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 glycine + 1 succinyl-CoA => 1 5-aminolevulinate +
DE 1 CO(2) + 1 CoA.
HP ULS00171; 5-aminolevulinate from glycine.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.37.
DR KEGG; rn:R00830.
//
ID coproporphyrinogen-III from 5-aminolevulinate: step 1/4.
AC UER00318
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 2 5-aminolevulinate => 2 H(2)O + 1 porphobilinogen.
HP ULS00172; coproporphyrinogen-III from 5-aminolevulinate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.24.
DR KEGG; rn:R00036.
//
ID coproporphyrinogen-III from 5-aminolevulinate: step 2/4.
AC UER00319
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 4 porphobilinogen => 4 NH(3) + 1
DE hydroxymethylbilane.
HP ULS00172; coproporphyrinogen-III from 5-aminolevulinate.
DR ENZYME; 2.5.1.61.
DR KEGG; rn:R00084.
//
ID coproporphyrinogen-III from 5-aminolevulinate: step 3/4.
AC UER00320
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 hydroxymethylbilane => 1 H(2)O + 1
DE uroporphyrinogen III.
HP ULS00172; coproporphyrinogen-III from 5-aminolevulinate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.75.
DR KEGG; rn:R03165.
//
ID coproporphyrinogen-III from 5-aminolevulinate: step 4/4.
AC UER00321
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 uroporphyrinogen III => 4 CO(2) + 1
DE coproporphyrinogen-III.
HP ULS00172; coproporphyrinogen-III from 5-aminolevulinate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.37.
DR KEGG; rn:R03197.
//
ID sirohydrochlorin from precorrin-2: step 1/1.
AC UER00222
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 NAD(+) + 1 precorrin-2 => 1 H(+) + 1 NADH + 1
DE sirohydrochlorin.
HP ULS00173; sirohydrochlorin from precorrin-2.
DR ENZYME; 1.3.1.76.
DR KEGG; rn:R03947.
//
ID siroheme from sirohydrochlorin: step 1/1.
AC UER00376
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 Fe2+ + 1 sirohydrochlorin => 2 H(+) + 1 siroheme.
HP ULS00174; siroheme from sirohydrochlorin.
DR ENZYME; 4.99.1.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R02864.
//
ID protoheme from protoporphyrin-IX: step 1/1.
AC UER00325
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 Fe2+ + 1 protoporphyrin-IX => 2 H(+) + 1
DE protoheme.
HP ULS00175; protoheme from protoporphyrin-IX.
DR ENZYME; 4.99.1.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R00310.
//
ID D-xylulose 5-phosphate from L-ascorbate: step 1/4.
AC UER00377
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-ascorbate => 1 3-dehydro-L-gulonic acid 6-
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00176; D-xylulose 5-phosphate from L-ascorbate.
DR KEGG; rn:R07126.
//
ID D-xylulose 5-phosphate from L-ascorbate: step 2/4.
AC UER00378
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-dehydro-L-gulonic acid 6-phosphate + 1 H(+) =>
DE 1 CO(2) + 1 L-xylulose 5-phosphate.
HP ULS00176; D-xylulose 5-phosphate from L-ascorbate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.85.
DR KEGG; rn:R07125.
//
ID D-xylulose 5-phosphate from L-ascorbate: step 3/4.
AC UER00379
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-xylulose 5-phosphate => 1 L-ribulose 5-
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00176; D-xylulose 5-phosphate from L-ascorbate.
DR ENZYME; 5.1.3.22.
DR KEGG; rn:R03244.
//
ID D-xylulose 5-phosphate from L-ascorbate: step 4/4.
AC UER00380
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-ribulose 5-phosphate => 1 D-xylulose 5-
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00176; D-xylulose 5-phosphate from L-ascorbate.
DR ENZYME; 5.1.3.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R05850.
//
ID L-ornithine and urea from L-arginine: step 1/1.
AC UER00270
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 L-arginine => 1 L-ornithine + 1 urea.
HP ULS00177; L-ornithine and urea from L-arginine.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.3.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R00551.
//
ID L-citrulline from L-ornithine and carbamoyl phosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00271
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-ornithine + 1 carbamoyl phosphate => 1 L-
DE citrulline + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00178; L-citrulline from L-ornithine and carbamoyl phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.1.3.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R01398.
//
ID (N(omega)-L-arginino)succinate from L-aspartate and L-citrulline: step 1/1.
AC UER00272
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 L-aspartate + 1 L-citrulline => 1
DE (N(omega)-L-arginino)succinate + 1 AMP + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00179; (N(omega)-L-arginino)succinate from L-aspartate and L-citrulline.
DR ENZYME; 6.3.4.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R01954.
//
ID L-arginine and fumarate from (N(omega)-L-arginino)succinate: step 1/1.
AC UER00273
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (N(omega)-L-arginino)succinate => 1 L-arginine +
DE 1 fumarate.
HP ULS00180; L-arginine and fumarate from (N(omega)-L-arginino)succinate.
DR ENZYME; 4.3.2.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R01086.
//
ID betaine from choline: step 1/1.
AC UER00384
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 O(2) + 1 choline => 1 H(2)O(2) + 1
DE betaine.
HP ULS00181; betaine from choline.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.3.17.
DR PubMed; 14678796.
DR PubMed; 12795615.
DR KEGG; rn:R01022.
DR KEGG; rn:R08211.
//
ID betaine aldehyde from choline (cytochrome c reductase route): step 1/1.
AC UER00385
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 acceptor + 1 choline => 1 betaine aldehyde + 1
DE reduced acceptor.
HP ULS00182; betaine aldehyde from choline (cytochrome c reductase route).
DR ENZYME; 1.1.99.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R01025.
//
ID betaine from betaine aldehyde: step 1/1.
AC UER00386
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 NAD(+) + 1 betaine aldehyde => 2 H(+) +
DE 1 NADH + 1 betaine.
HP ULS00183; betaine from betaine aldehyde.
DR ENZYME; 1.2.1.8.
DR KEGG; rn:R02565.
//
ID glycolate from 1,2-dichloroethane: step 1/4.
AC UER00387
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 1,2-dichloroethane + 1 H(2)O => 1 2-chloroethanol
DE + 1 HCl.
HP ULS00184; glycolate from 1,2-dichloroethane.
DR ENZYME; 3.8.1.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R05284.
//
ID glycolate from 1,2-dichloroethane: step 2/4.
AC UER00388
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-chloroethanol + 2 cytochrome c => 1
DE chloroacetaldehyde + 2 ferrocytochrome c.
HP ULS00184; glycolate from 1,2-dichloroethane.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.2.8.
DR KEGG; rn:R05285.
//
ID glycolate from 1,2-dichloroethane: step 3/4.
AC UER00389
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 NAD(+) + 1 chloroacetaldehyde => 1 H(+)
DE + 1 NADH + 1 chloroacetic acid.
HP ULS00184; glycolate from 1,2-dichloroethane.
DR ENZYME; 1.2.1.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R05286.
//
ID glycolate from 1,2-dichloroethane: step 4/4.
AC UER00390
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 chloroacetic acid => 1 HCl + 1
DE glycolate.
HP ULS00184; glycolate from 1,2-dichloroethane.
DR ENZYME; 3.8.1.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R05287.
//
ID catechol from benzene: step 1/2.
AC UER00391
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 NADH + 1 O(2) + 1 benzene => 1 NAD(+) +
DE 1 cis-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol.
HP ULS00185; catechol from benzene.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.12.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R03543.
//
ID catechol from benzene: step 2/2.
AC UER00392
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 NAD(+) + 1 cis-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol => 1
DE H(+) + 1 NADH + 1 catechol.
HP ULS00185; catechol from benzene.
DR ENZYME; 1.3.1.19.
DR KEGG; rn:R00812.
//
ID 3-methylcatechol from toluene: step 1/2.
AC UER00393
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 NADH + 1 O(2) + 1 toluene => 1 (1S,2R)-
DE 3-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + 1 NAD(+).
HP ULS00186; 3-methylcatechol from toluene.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.12.11.
DR KEGG; rn:R03559.
//
ID 3-methylcatechol from toluene: step 2/2.
AC UER00394
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (1S,2R)-3-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + 1
DE NAD(+) => 1 3-methylcatechol + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00186; 3-methylcatechol from toluene.
DR ENZYME; 1.3.1.19.
DR KEGG; rn:R04088.
//
ID sarcosine from creatinine: step 1/3.
AC UER00395
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 creatinine => 1 N-methylhydantoin + 1
DE NH(3).
HP ULS00187; sarcosine from creatinine.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.4.21.
DR KEGG; rn:R02922.
//
ID sarcosine from creatinine: step 2/3.
AC UER00396
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 2 H(2)O + 1 N-methylhydantoin => 1 ADP + 1
DE N-carbamoylsarcosine + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00187; sarcosine from creatinine.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.2.14.
DR KEGG; rn:R03187.
//
ID sarcosine from creatinine: step 3/3.
AC UER00397
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 N-carbamoylsarcosine => 1 CO(2) + 1
DE NH(3) + 1 sarcosine.
HP ULS00187; sarcosine from creatinine.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.1.59.
DR KEGG; rn:R01563.
//
ID 2-hydroxy-3-oxobutyl phosphate from D-ribulose 5-phosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00399
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-ribulose 5-phosphate => 1 2-hydroxy-3-oxobutyl
DE phosphate + 1 formate.
HP ULS00188; 2-hydroxy-3-oxobutyl phosphate from D-ribulose 5-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.99.12.
DR KEGG; rn:R07281.
//
ID 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil from GTP: step 1/4.
AC UER00400
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 GTP + 3 H(2)O => 1 2,5-diamino-4-hydroxy-6-(5-
DE phosphoribosylamino)pyrimidine + 1 diphosphate + 1 formate.
HP ULS00189; 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil from GTP.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.4.25.
DR KEGG; rn:R00425.
//
ID 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil from GTP: step 2/4.
AC UER00401
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2,5-diamino-4-hydroxy-6-(5-
DE phosphoribosylamino)pyrimidine + 1 H(2)O => 1 5-amino-6-(5-
DE phosphoribosylamino)uracil + 1 NH(3).
HP ULS00189; 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil from GTP.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.4.26.
DR KEGG; rn:R03459.
//
ID 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil from GTP: step 3/4.
AC UER00402
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)uracil + 1 H(+)
DE + 1 NADPH => 1 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribitylamino)uracil + 1 NADP(+).
HP ULS00189; 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil from GTP.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.193.
DR KEGG; rn:R03458.
//
ID 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil from GTP: step 4/4.
AC UER00403
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribitylamino)uracil + 1 H(2)O
DE => 1 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00189; 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil from GTP.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.3.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R07280.
//
ID FMN from riboflavin (ATP route): step 1/1.
AC UER00406
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 riboflavin => 1 ADP + 1 FMN.
HP ULS00192; FMN from riboflavin (ATP route).
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.26.
DR KEGG; rn:R00549.
//
ID FAD from FMN: step 1/1.
AC UER00407
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 FMN => 1 FAD + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00193; FAD from FMN.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.7.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R00161.
//
ID D-ribulose 5-phosphate from D-glucose 6-phosphate (oxidative stage): step 1/3.
AC UER00408
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-glucose 6-phosphate + 1 NADP(+) => 1 D-glucono-
DE 1,5-lactone 6-phosphate + 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH.
HP ULS00194; D-ribulose 5-phosphate from D-glucose 6-phosphate (oxidative stage).
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.49.
DR KEGG; rn:R00835.
//
ID D-ribulose 5-phosphate from D-glucose 6-phosphate (oxidative stage): step 2/3.
AC UER00409
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate + 1 H(2)O => 1
DE 6-phospho-D-gluconate.
HP ULS00194; D-ribulose 5-phosphate from D-glucose 6-phosphate (oxidative stage).
DR ENZYME; 3.1.1.31.
DR KEGG; rn:R02035.
//
ID D-ribulose 5-phosphate from D-glucose 6-phosphate (oxidative stage): step 3/3.
AC UER00410
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 6-phospho-D-gluconate + 1 NADP(+) => 1 CO(2) + 1
DE D-ribulose 5-phosphate + 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH.
HP ULS00194; D-ribulose 5-phosphate from D-glucose 6-phosphate (oxidative stage).
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.44.
DR KEGG; rn:R01528.
//
ID D-xylulose 5-phosphate from D-ribulose 5-phosphate (non-oxidative stage): step 1/1.
AC UER00411
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-ribulose 5-phosphate => 1 D-xylulose 5-
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00195; D-xylulose 5-phosphate from D-ribulose 5-phosphate (non-oxidative stage).
DR ENZYME; 5.1.3.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R01529.
//
ID D-ribose 5-phosphate from D-ribulose 5-phosphate (non-oxidative stage): step 1/1.
AC UER00412
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-ribulose 5-phosphate => 1 D-ribose 5-phosphate.
HP ULS00196; D-ribose 5-phosphate from D-ribulose 5-phosphate (non-oxidative stage).
DR ENZYME; 5.3.1.6.
DR KEGG; rn:R01056.
//
ID D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate from D-ribose 5-phosphate and D-xylulose 5-phosphate (non-oxidative stage): step 1/3.
AC UER00413
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-ribose 5-phosphate + 1 D-xylulose 5-phosphate
DE => 1 D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + 1 sedoheptulose 7-phosphate.
HP ULS00197; D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate from D-ribose 5-phosphate and D-xylulose 5-phosphate (non-oxidative stage).
DR ENZYME; 2.2.1.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R01641.
//
ID D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate from D-ribose 5-phosphate and D-xylulose 5-phosphate (non-oxidative stage): step 2/3.
AC UER00414
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + 1 sedoheptulose 7-
DE phosphate => 1 D-erythrose 4-phosphate + 1 beta-D-fructose 6-
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00197; D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate from D-ribose 5-phosphate and D-xylulose 5-phosphate (non-oxidative stage).
DR ENZYME; 2.2.1.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R01827.
//
ID D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate from D-ribose 5-phosphate and D-xylulose 5-phosphate (non-oxidative stage): step 3/3.
AC UER00415
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-erythrose 4-phosphate + 1 D-xylulose 5-
DE phosphate => 1 D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + 1 beta-D-fructose 6-
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00197; D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate from D-ribose 5-phosphate and D-xylulose 5-phosphate (non-oxidative stage).
DR ENZYME; 2.2.1.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R01830.
//
ID alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate from D-fructose 6-phosphate: step 1/2.
AC UER00423
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-fructose 6-phosphate => 1 D-mannose 6-
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00198; alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate from D-fructose 6-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 5.3.1.8.
DR KEGG; rn:R00772.
//
ID alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate from D-fructose 6-phosphate: step 2/2.
AC UER00424
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-mannose 6-phosphate => 1 alpha-D-mannose 1-
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00198; alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate from D-fructose 6-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 5.4.2.8.
DR KEGG; rn:R01818.
//
ID pyruvate and succinate semialdehyde from 4-hydroxyphenylacetate: step 1/7.
AC UER00416
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-hydroxyphenylacetate + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH + 1 O(2)
DE => 1 (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetate + 1 H(2)O + 1 NAD(+).
HP ULS00199; pyruvate and succinate semialdehyde from 4-hydroxyphenylacetate.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.13.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R02698.
//
ID pyruvate and succinate semialdehyde from 4-hydroxyphenylacetate: step 2/7.
AC UER00417
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetate + 1 O(2) => 1 5-
DE carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde.
HP ULS00199; pyruvate and succinate semialdehyde from 4-hydroxyphenylacetate.
DR ENZYME; 1.13.11.15.
DR KEGG; rn:R03303.
//
ID pyruvate and succinate semialdehyde from 4-hydroxyphenylacetate: step 3/7.
AC UER00418
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde +
DE 1 H(2)O + 1 NAD(+) => 1 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconic acid + 1 H(+)
DE + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00199; pyruvate and succinate semialdehyde from 4-hydroxyphenylacetate.
DR ENZYME; 1.2.1.60.
DR KEGG; rn:R04418.
//
ID pyruvate and succinate semialdehyde from 4-hydroxyphenylacetate: step 4/7.
AC UER00419
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconic acid => 1 5-
DE oxopent-3-ene-1,2,5-tricarboxylic acid.
HP ULS00199; pyruvate and succinate semialdehyde from 4-hydroxyphenylacetate.
DR ENZYME; 5.3.3.10.
DR KEGG; rn:R04379.
//
ID pyruvate and succinate semialdehyde from 4-hydroxyphenylacetate: step 5/7.
AC UER00420
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-oxopent-3-ene-1,2,5-tricarboxylic acid => 1 2-
DE hydroxy-hept-2,4-diene-1,7-dioic acid + 1 CO(2).
HP ULS00199; pyruvate and succinate semialdehyde from 4-hydroxyphenylacetate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.68.
DR KEGG; rn:R04380.
//
ID pyruvate and succinate semialdehyde from 4-hydroxyphenylacetate: step 6/7.
AC UER00421
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-hydroxy-hept-2,4-diene-1,7-dioic acid + 1 H(2)O
DE => 1 2,4-dihydroxyhept-2-enedioic acid.
HP ULS00199; pyruvate and succinate semialdehyde from 4-hydroxyphenylacetate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R06897.
//
ID pyruvate and succinate semialdehyde from 4-hydroxyphenylacetate: step 7/7.
AC UER00422
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2,4-dihydroxyhept-2-enedioic acid => 1 pyruvate +
DE 1 succinate semialdehyde.
HP ULS00199; pyruvate and succinate semialdehyde from 4-hydroxyphenylacetate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.2.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R01647.
//
ID glycine from L-allo-threonine: step 1/1.
AC UER00427
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-allo-threonine => 1 acetaldehyde + 1 glycine.
HP ULS00200; glycine from L-allo-threonine.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.2.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R06171.
//
ID glycine from glyoxylate: step 1/1.
AC UER00428
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-alanine + 1 glyoxylate => 1 glycine + 1
DE pyruvate.
HP ULS00201; glycine from glyoxylate.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.44.
DR KEGG; rn:R00369.
//
ID acetaldehyde and glycine from L-threonine: step 1/1.
AC UER00429
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-threonine => 1 acetaldehyde + 1 glycine.
HP ULS00202; acetaldehyde and glycine from L-threonine.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.2.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R00751.
//
ID betaine aldehyde from choline (monooxygenase route): step 1/1.
AC UER00430
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 2 H(+) + 1 O(2) + 1 choline + 2 reduced ferredoxin
DE => 2 H(2)O + 1 betaine aldehyde + 2 oxidized ferredoxin.
HP ULS00203; betaine aldehyde from choline (monooxygenase route).
DR ENZYME; 1.14.15.7.
DR KEGG; rn:R07409.
//
ID choline from choline sulfate: step 1/1.
AC UER00431
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 choline sulfate => 1 choline + 1
DE sulfate.
HP ULS00204; choline from choline sulfate.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.6.6.
DR KEGG; rn:R01028.
//
ID sarcosine from betaine: step 1/2.
AC UER00432
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-homocysteine + 1 betaine => 1 L-methionine + 1
DE N,N-dimethylglycine.
HP ULS00205; sarcosine from betaine.
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R02821.
//
ID sarcosine from betaine: step 2/2.
AC UER00433
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 N,N-dimethylglycine + 1 acceptor => 1
DE formaldehyde + 1 reduced acceptor + 1 sarcosine.
HP ULS00205; sarcosine from betaine.
DR ENZYME; 1.5.99.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R01565.
//
ID formaldehyde and glycine from sarcosine: step 1/1.
AC UER00398
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 acceptor + 1 sarcosine => 1
DE formaldehyde + 1 glycine + 1 reduced acceptor.
HP ULS00206; formaldehyde and glycine from sarcosine.
DR ENZYME; 1.5.99.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R00611.
//
ID D-fructose 6-phosphate from D-ribulose 5-phosphate and formaldehyde: step 1/2.
AC UER00434
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-ribulose 5-phosphate + 1 formaldehyde => 1 D-
DE arabino-3-hexulose 6-phosphate.
HP ULS00207; D-fructose 6-phosphate from D-ribulose 5-phosphate and formaldehyde.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.2.43.
DR KEGG; rn:R05338.
//
ID D-fructose 6-phosphate from D-ribulose 5-phosphate and formaldehyde: step 2/2.
AC UER00435
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-arabino-3-hexulose 6-phosphate => 1 D-fructose
DE 6-phosphate.
HP ULS00207; D-fructose 6-phosphate from D-ribulose 5-phosphate and formaldehyde.
DR ENZYME; 5.3.1.27.
DR KEGG; rn:R05339.
//
ID ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose from D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate: step 1/4.
AC UER00437
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose 7-
DE phosphate => 1 ADP + 1 D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose 1,7-diphosphate.
HP ULS00208; ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose from D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.-.
//
ID ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose from D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate: step 2/4.
AC UER00438
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose 1,7-diphosphate +
DE 1 H(2)O => 1 D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose 1-phosphate + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00208; ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose from D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.3.-.
//
ID ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose from D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate: step 3/4.
AC UER00439
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose 1-
DE phosphate => 1 ADP-D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00208; ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose from D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R05644.
//
ID ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose from D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate: step 4/4.
AC UER00440
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ADP-D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose => 1 ADP-L-
DE glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose.
HP ULS00208; ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose from D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 5.1.3.20.
DR PubMed; 17316025.
DR KEGG; rn:R05176.
//
ID (S)-reticuline from (S)-norcoclaurine: step 1/4.
AC UER00441
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-norcoclaurine + 1 S-adenosyl-L-methionine =>
DE 1 (S)-coclaurine + 1 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
HP ULS00209; (S)-reticuline from (S)-norcoclaurine.
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.128.
DR KEGG; rn:R05123.
//
ID (S)-reticuline from (S)-norcoclaurine: step 2/4.
AC UER00442
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-coclaurine + 1 S-adenosyl-L-methionine => 1
DE (S)-N-methylcoclaurine + 1 H(+) + 1 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
HP ULS00209; (S)-reticuline from (S)-norcoclaurine.
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.140.
DR KEGG; rn:R04692.
//
ID (S)-reticuline from (S)-norcoclaurine: step 3/4.
AC UER00443
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-N-methylcoclaurine + 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH + 1
DE O(2) => 1 (S)-3'-hydroxy-N-methylcoclaurine + 1 H(2)O + 1 NADP(+).
HP ULS00209; (S)-reticuline from (S)-norcoclaurine.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.13.71.
DR KEGG; rn:R05732.
//
ID (S)-reticuline from (S)-norcoclaurine: step 4/4.
AC UER00444
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-3'-hydroxy-N-methylcoclaurine + 1 S-adenosyl-
DE L-methionine => 1 (S)-reticuline + 1 H(+) + 1 S-adenosyl-L-
DE homocysteine.
HP ULS00209; (S)-reticuline from (S)-norcoclaurine.
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.116.
DR KEGG; rn:R03832.
//
ID palmatine from columbamine: step 1/1.
AC UER00445
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1 columbamine => 1 S-
DE adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1 palmatine.
HP ULS00210; palmatine from columbamine.
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.118.
DR KEGG; rn:R03721.
//
ID berbamunine from (R)-N-methylcoclaurine and (S)-N-methylcoclaurine: step 1/1.
AC UER00446
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (R)-N-methylcoclaurine + 1 (S)-N-methylcoclaurine
DE + 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH + 1 O(2) => 2 H(2)O + 1 NADP(+) + 1 berbamunine.
HP ULS00211; berbamunine from (R)-N-methylcoclaurine and (S)-N-methylcoclaurine.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.21.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R04694.
//
ID 3alpha(S)-strictosidine from secologanin and tryptamine: step 1/1.
AC UER00447
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 secologanin + 1 tryptamine => 1 3alpha(S)-
DE strictosidine + 1 H(2)O.
HP ULS00212; 3alpha(S)-strictosidine from secologanin and tryptamine.
DR ENZYME; 4.3.3.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R03738.
//
ID L-cystathionine from O-acetyl-L-homoserine: step 1/1.
AC UER00448
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-cysteine + 1 O-acetyl-L-homoserine => 1 L-
DE cystathionine + 1 acetate.
HP ULS00213; L-cystathionine from O-acetyl-L-homoserine.
DR ENZYME; 2.5.1.49.
DR KEGG; rn:R03217.
//
ID L-homocysteine from O-succinyl-L-homoserine: step 1/1.
AC UER00449
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 O-succinyl-L-homoserine + 1 hydrogen sulfide => 1
DE L-homocysteine + 1 succinate.
HP ULS00214; L-homocysteine from O-succinyl-L-homoserine.
DR ENZYME; 2.5.1.48.
DR KEGG; rn:R01288.
//
ID (S)-scoulerine from (S)-reticuline: step 1/1.
AC UER00450
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-reticuline + 1 O(2) => 1 (S)-scoulerine + 1
DE H(2)O(2).
HP ULS00215; (S)-scoulerine from (S)-reticuline.
DR ENZYME; 1.21.3.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R03831.
//
ID S-adenosylmethioninamine from S-adenosyl-L-methionine: step 1/1.
AC UER00451
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 S-adenosyl-L-methionine => 1 CO(2) + 1
DE S-adenosylmethioninamine.
HP ULS00216; S-adenosylmethioninamine from S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.50.
DR KEGG; rn:R00178.
//
ID indole and pyruvate from L-tryptophan: step 1/1.
AC UER00452
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 L-tryptophan => 1 NH(3) + 1 indole + 1
DE pyruvate.
HP ULS00217; indole and pyruvate from L-tryptophan.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.99.1.
DR PubMed; 16790938.
DR PubMed; 9551100.
DR PubMed; 236639.
DR KEGG; rn:R00673.
//
ID L-kynurenine from L-tryptophan: step 1/2.
AC UER00453
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-tryptophan + 1 O(2) => 1 N-formyl-N-kynurenine.
HP ULS00218; L-kynurenine from L-tryptophan.
DR ENZYME; 1.13.11.11.
DR KEGG; rn:R00678.
//
ID L-kynurenine from L-tryptophan: step 2/2.
AC UER00454
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 N-formyl-N-kynurenine => 1 L-kynurenine
DE + 1 formate.
HP ULS00218; L-kynurenine from L-tryptophan.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.1.9.
DR KEGG; rn:R01959.
//
ID L-alanine and anthranilate from L-kynurenine: step 1/1.
AC UER00455
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 L-kynurenine => 1 L-alanine + 1
DE anthranilate.
HP ULS00219; L-alanine and anthranilate from L-kynurenine.
DR ENZYME; 3.7.1.3.
DR PubMed; 14756555.
DR KEGG; rn:R00987.
//
ID iminoaspartate from L-aspartate (dehydrogenase route): step 1/1.
AC UER00456
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: L-aspartate + [NAD(+) or NADP(+)] => H(+) +
DE iminoaspartate + [NADH or NADPH].
HP ULS00220; iminoaspartate from L-aspartate (dehydrogenase route).
DR ENZYME; 1.4.1.21.
DR PubMed; 12496312.
DR KEGG; rn:R07407.
DR KEGG; rn:R07410.
//
ID quinolinate from iminoaspartate: step 1/1.
AC UER00327
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 glycerone phosphate + 1 iminoaspartate => 2 H(2)O
DE + 1 phosphate + 1 quinolinate.
HP ULS00221; quinolinate from iminoaspartate.
DR ENZYME; 2.5.1.72.
DR PubMed; 18674537.
DR PubMed; 17586625.
DR PubMed; 15967443.
DR PubMed; 17600080.
DR PubMed; 15937336.
DR KEGG; rn:R04292.
//
ID deamido-NAD(+) from nicotinate D-ribonucleotide: step 1/1.
AC UER00332
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 nicotinate D-ribonucleotide => 1 deamido-
DE NAD(+) + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00222; deamido-NAD(+) from nicotinate D-ribonucleotide.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.7.18.
DR KEGG; rn:R03005.
//
ID nicotinate D-ribonucleotide from nicotinate: step 1/1.
AC UER00457
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + 1
DE nicotinate => 1 diphosphate + 1 nicotinate D-ribonucleotide.
HP ULS00223; nicotinate D-ribonucleotide from nicotinate.
DR ENZYME; 2.4.2.11.
DR KEGG; rn:R01724.
//
ID acetyl-CoA from acetate: step 1/2.
AC UER00458
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 acetate => 1 ADP + 1 acetyl phosphate.
HP ULS00224; acetyl-CoA from acetate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.2.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R00315.
//
ID acetyl-CoA from acetate: step 2/2.
AC UER00459
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 CoA + 1 acetyl phosphate => 1 acetyl-CoA + 1
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00224; acetyl-CoA from acetate.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.8.
DR KEGG; rn:R00230.
//
ID LL-2,6-diaminopimelate from (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate (aminotransferase route): step 1/1.
AC UER00466
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate + 1 H(2)O + 1 L-
DE glutamate => 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 LL-2,6-diaminopimelate.
HP ULS00227; LL-2,6-diaminopimelate from (S)-tetrahydrodipicolinate (aminotransferase route).
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.83.
DR PubMed; 17093042.
DR PubMed; 18310350.
DR PubMed; 16361515.
DR PubMed; 17583737.
DR KEGG; rn:R07613.
//
ID D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and acetaldehyde from 2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate: step 1/2.
AC UER00467
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate => 1 2-deoxy-
DE D-ribose 5-phosphate.
HP ULS00228; D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and acetaldehyde from 2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 5.4.2.7.
DR KEGG; rn:R02749.
//
ID D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and acetaldehyde from 2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate: step 2/2.
AC UER00468
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate => 1 D-
DE glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + 1 acetaldehyde.
HP ULS00228; D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and acetaldehyde from 2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.2.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R01066.
//
ID lipid IV(A) from (3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] and UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine: step 1/6.
AC UER00477
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-
DE protein] + 1 UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine => 1 UDP-3-O-(3-
DE hydroxytetradecanoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine + 1 acyl-carrier protein.
HP ULS00229; lipid IV(A) from (3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] and UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.129.
DR KEGG; rn:R04567.
//
ID lipid IV(A) from (3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] and UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine: step 2/6.
AC UER00478
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-N-
DE acetylglucosamine => 1 UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosamine
DE + 1 acetate.
HP ULS00229; lipid IV(A) from (3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] and UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R04587.
//
ID lipid IV(A) from (3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] and UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine: step 3/6.
AC UER00479
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-
DE protein] + 1 UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosamine => 1 UDP-
DE 2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosamine + 1 acyl-carrier
DE protein.
HP ULS00229; lipid IV(A) from (3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] and UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.-.
DR PubMed; 17360522.
DR PubMed; 18422345.
DR KEGG; rn:R04550.
//
ID lipid IV(A) from (3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] and UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine: step 4/6.
AC UER00480
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 UDP-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-
DE glucosamine => 1 UMP + 1 lipid X.
HP ULS00229; lipid IV(A) from (3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] and UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine.
DR ENZYME; 3.6.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R04549.
//
ID lipid IV(A) from (3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] and UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine: step 5/6.
AC UER00481
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 UDP-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosamine
DE + 1 lipid X => 1 2,3,2',3'-tetrakis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-alpha-D-
DE glucosaminyl-1,6-beta-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate + 1 UDP.
HP ULS00229; lipid IV(A) from (3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] and UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine.
DR ENZYME; 2.4.1.182.
DR KEGG; rn:R04606.
//
ID lipid IV(A) from (3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] and UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine: step 6/6.
AC UER00482
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2,3,2',3'-tetrakis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-alpha-
DE D-glucosaminyl-1,6-beta-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate + 1 ATP => 1 ADP + 1
DE lipid IV(A).
HP ULS00229; lipid IV(A) from (3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] and UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.130.
DR KEGG; rn:R04657.
//
ID KDO(2)-lipid A from CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate and lipid IV(A): step 1/4.
AC UER00483
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate + 1 lipid IV(A)
DE => 1 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonyl-lipid IV((A)) + 1 CMP.
HP ULS00230; KDO(2)-lipid A from CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate and lipid IV(A).
DR ENZYME; 2.-.-.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R04658.
//
ID KDO(2)-lipid A from CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate and lipid IV(A): step 2/4.
AC UER00484
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonyl-lipid IV((A)) + 1
DE CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate => 1 CMP + 1 di[3-deoxy-D-manno-
DE octulosonyl]-lipid IV(A).
HP ULS00230; KDO(2)-lipid A from CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate and lipid IV(A).
DR ENZYME; 2.-.-.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R05074.
//
ID KDO(2)-lipid A from CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate and lipid IV(A): step 3/4.
AC UER00485
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 di[3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonyl]-lipid IV(A) + 1
DE dodecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] => 1 acyl-carrier protein + 1
DE lauroyl-KDO(2)-lipid IV(A).
HP ULS00230; KDO(2)-lipid A from CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate and lipid IV(A).
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R05146.
//
ID KDO(2)-lipid A from CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate and lipid IV(A): step 4/4.
AC UER00486
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 lauroyl-KDO(2)-lipid IV(A) + 1 tetradecanoyl-
DE [acp] => 1 KDO(2)-lipid A + 1 acyl-carrier protein.
HP ULS00230; KDO(2)-lipid A from CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate and lipid IV(A).
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R05075.
//
ID 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine from nicotine (R-isomer route): step 1/2.
AC UER00918
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 acceptor + 1 nicotine => 1 (R)-6-
DE hydroxynicotine + 1 reduced acceptor.
HP ULS00231; 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine from nicotine (R-isomer route).
DR ENZYME; 1.5.99.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R07946.
//
ID 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine from nicotine (R-isomer route): step 2/2.
AC UER00488
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (R)-6-hydroxynicotine + 1 H(2)O + 1 O(2) => 1 6-
DE hydroxypseudooxynicotine + 1 H(2)O(2).
HP ULS00231; 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine from nicotine (R-isomer route).
DR ENZYME; 1.5.3.6.
DR PubMed; 16095622.
DR KEGG; rn:R07170.
//
ID UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinose from UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate: step 1/3.
AC UER00492
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 NAD(+) + 1 UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate => 1 CO(2) + 1
DE H(+) + 1 NADH + 1 UDP-beta-L-threo-pentopyranos-4-ulose.
HP ULS00232; UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinose from UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.305.
DR PubMed; 11706007.
DR PubMed; 15809294.
DR KEGG; rn:R07658.
//
ID UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinose from UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate: step 2/3.
AC UER00493
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-glutamate + 1 UDP-beta-L-threo-pentopyranos-4-
DE ulose => 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose.
HP ULS00232; UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinose from UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.87.
DR KEGG; rn:R07659.
//
ID UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinose from UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate: step 3/3.
AC UER00494
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 10-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + 1 UDP-4-
DE amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose => 1 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + 1 UDP-4-
DE deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinose.
HP ULS00232; UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinose from UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate.
DR ENZYME; 2.1.2.13.
DR PubMed; 15809294.
DR KEGG; rn:R07660.
//
ID 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinose undecaprenyl phosphate from UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinose and undecaprenyl phosphate: step 1/2.
AC UER00495
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinose + 1 di-
DE trans,poly-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate => 1 4-deoxy-4-formamido-alphaL-
DE arabinose undecaprenyl phosphate + 1 UDP.
HP ULS00233; 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinose undecaprenyl phosphate from UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinose and undecaprenyl phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.8.30.
DR KEGG; rn:R07661.
//
ID 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinose undecaprenyl phosphate from UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinose and undecaprenyl phosphate: step 2/2.
AC UER00496
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-deoxy-4-formamido-alphaL-arabinose undecaprenyl
DE phosphate + 1 H(2)O => 1 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinose
DE undecaprenyl phosphate + 1 formate.
HP ULS00233; 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinose undecaprenyl phosphate from UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinose and undecaprenyl phosphate.
DR KEGG; rn:R07662.
//
ID UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate from UDP-alpha-D-glucose: step 1/1.
AC UER00491
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 2 NAD(+) + 1 UDP-alpha-D-glucose => 2
DE H(+) + 2 NADH + 1 UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate.
HP ULS00234; UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate from UDP-alpha-D-glucose.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.22.
DR PubMed; 9737970.
DR KEGG; rn:R00286.
//
ID D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate and D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate from sedoheptulose 7-phosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00436
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 2 sedoheptulose 7-phosphate => 1 D-glycero-alpha-D-
DE manno-heptose 7-phosphate + 1 D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose 7-
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00235; D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate and D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate from sedoheptulose 7-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 5.3.1.-.
//
ID D-alanine from L-alanine: step 1/1.
AC UER00497
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-alanine => 1 D-alanine.
HP ULS00236; D-alanine from L-alanine.
DR ENZYME; 5.1.1.1.
DR PubMed; 11910493.
DR PubMed; 9457858.
DR PubMed; 6298185.
DR PubMed; 7906689.
DR KEGG; rn:R00401.
//
ID NH(3) and pyruvate from D-alanine: step 1/1.
AC UER00498
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-alanine + 1 H(2)O + 1 acceptor => 1 NH(3) + 1
DE pyruvate + 1 reduced acceptor.
HP ULS00237; NH(3) and pyruvate from D-alanine.
DR ENZYME; 1.4.99.1.
DR PubMed; 9457858.
DR PubMed; 7906689.
//
ID cyanurate from atrazine: step 1/3.
AC UER00499
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 atrazine => 1 HCl + 1 hydroxyatrazine.
HP ULS00238; cyanurate from atrazine.
DR ENZYME; 3.8.1.8.
DR PubMed; 12450410.
DR KEGG; rn:R05558.
//
ID cyanurate from atrazine: step 2/3.
AC UER00500
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 hydroxyatrazine => 1 N-
DE isopropylammelide + 1 ethylamine.
HP ULS00238; cyanurate from atrazine.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.99.3.
DR PubMed; 12450410.
DR KEGG; rn:R05559.
//
ID cyanurate from atrazine: step 3/3.
AC UER00501
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 N-isopropylammelide => 1 cyanurate + 1
DE isopropylamine.
HP ULS00238; cyanurate from atrazine.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.99.4.
DR PubMed; 12450410.
DR KEGG; rn:R05560.
//
ID biuret from cyanurate: step 1/1.
AC UER00502
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 2 H(2)O + 1 cyanurate => 1 biuret + 1 carbonic
DE acid.
HP ULS00239; biuret from cyanurate.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.2.15.
DR PubMed; 11544232.
DR KEGG; rn:R05561.
//
ID phosphatidylglycerol from CDP-diacylglycerol: step 1/2.
AC UER00503
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 CDP-diacylglycerol + 1 sn-glycerol 3-phosphate =>
DE 1 CMP + 1 phosphatidylglycerophosphate.
HP ULS00240; phosphatidylglycerol from CDP-diacylglycerol.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.8.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R01801.
//
ID phosphatidylglycerol from CDP-diacylglycerol: step 2/2.
AC UER00504
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 phosphatidylglycerophosphate => 1
DE phosphate + 1 phosphatidylglycerol.
HP ULS00240; phosphatidylglycerol from CDP-diacylglycerol.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.3.27.
DR KEGG; rn:R02029.
//
ID glycine from L-threonine: step 1/2.
AC UER00505
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-threonine + 1 NAD(+) => 1 H(+) + 1 L-2-amino-3-
DE oxobutanoic acid + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00241; glycine from L-threonine.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.103.
DR KEGG; rn:R01465.
//
ID glycine from L-threonine: step 2/2.
AC UER00506
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 CoA + 1 L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acid => 1 acetyl-
DE CoA + 1 glycine.
HP ULS00241; glycine from L-threonine.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.29.
DR PubMed; 11318637.
DR KEGG; rn:R00371.
//
ID propanoate from L-threonine: step 1/4.
AC UER00507
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-threonine => 1 2-oxobutanoate + 1 NH(3).
HP ULS00242; propanoate from L-threonine.
DR ENZYME; 4.3.1.19.
DR KEGG; rn:R00996.
//
ID propanoate from L-threonine: step 2/4.
AC UER00508
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-oxobutanoate + 1 CoA => 1 formate + 1
DE propanoyl-CoA.
HP ULS00242; propanoate from L-threonine.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R06987.
//
ID propanoate from L-threonine: step 3/4.
AC UER00509
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 phosphate + 1 propanoyl-CoA => 1 CoA + 1
DE propanoyl phosphate.
HP ULS00242; propanoate from L-threonine.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R00921.
//
ID propanoate from L-threonine: step 4/4.
AC UER00510
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ADP + 1 propanoyl phosphate => 1 ATP + 1
DE propanoate.
HP ULS00242; propanoate from L-threonine.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.2.15.
DR KEGG; rn:R01353.
//
ID CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-mannose from CTP and alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate: step 1/5.
AC UER00511
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 CTP + 1 alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate => 1 CDP-
DE glucose + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00243; CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-mannose from CTP and alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.7.33.
DR KEGG; rn:R00956.
//
ID CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-mannose from CTP and alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate: step 2/5.
AC UER00512
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 CDP-glucose => 1 CDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose
DE + 1 H(2)O.
HP ULS00243; CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-mannose from CTP and alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.45.
DR KEGG; rn:R02426.
//
ID CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-mannose from CTP and alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate: step 3/5.
AC UER00513
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: CDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H(+) + [NADH or
DE NADPH] => CDP-4-dehydro-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose + H(2)O + [NAD(+) or
DE NADP(+)].
HP ULS00243; CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-mannose from CTP and alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 1.17.1.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R03391.
DR KEGG; rn:R03392.
//
ID CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-mannose from CTP and alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate: step 4/5.
AC UER00514
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 CDP-4-dehydro-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose + 1 H(+) + 1
DE NADPH => 1 CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose + 1 NADP(+).
HP ULS00243; CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-mannose from CTP and alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.
DR KEGG; rn:R04265.
//
ID CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-mannose from CTP and alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate: step 5/5.
AC UER00515
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose => 1 CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-
DE mannose.
HP ULS00243; CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-mannose from CTP and alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 5.1.3.10.
DR KEGG; rn:R04266.
//
ID alpha-ribazole from 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole: step 1/2.
AC UER00516
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole + 1 nicotinate D-
DE ribonucleotide => 1 H(+) + 1 alpha-ribazole 5'-phosphate + 1
DE nicotinate.
HP ULS00244; alpha-ribazole from 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole.
DR ENZYME; 2.4.2.21.
DR KEGG; rn:R04148.
//
ID alpha-ribazole from 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole: step 2/2.
AC UER00517
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 alpha-ribazole 5'-phosphate => 1 alpha-
DE ribazole + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00244; alpha-ribazole from 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.3.73.
DR KEGG; rn:R04594.
//
ID D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate from D-galactonate: step 1/3.
AC UER00518
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-galactonate => 1 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-
DE galactonate + 1 H(2)O.
HP ULS00245; D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate from D-galactonate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.6.
DR KEGG; rn:R03033.
//
ID D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate from D-galactonate: step 2/3.
AC UER00519
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate + 1 ATP => 1 6-
DE phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonic acid + 1 ADP.
HP ULS00245; D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate from D-galactonate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.58.
DR KEGG; rn:R03387.
//
ID D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate from D-galactonate: step 3/3.
AC UER00520
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 6-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonic acid =>
DE 1 D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + 1 pyruvate.
HP ULS00245; D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate from D-galactonate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.2.21.
DR KEGG; rn:R01064.
//
ID vindoline from tabersonine: step 1/6.
AC UER00521
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH + 1 O(2) + 1 tabersonine => 1 16-
DE hydroxytabersonine + 1 H(2)O + 1 NADP(+).
HP ULS00246; vindoline from tabersonine.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.13.73.
DR KEGG; rn:R05855.
//
ID vindoline from tabersonine: step 2/6.
AC UER00522
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 16-hydroxytabersonine + 1 S-adenosyl-L-methionine
DE => 1 16-methoxytabersonine + 1 H(+) + 1 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
HP ULS00246; vindoline from tabersonine.
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.94.
DR KEGG; rn:R05885.
//
ID vindoline from tabersonine: step 3/6.
AC UER00523
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 16-methoxytabersonine + 1 H(2)O => 1 3-hydroxy-
DE 16-methoxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine.
HP ULS00246; vindoline from tabersonine.
DR KEGG; rn:R05856.
//
ID vindoline from tabersonine: step 4/6.
AC UER00524
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-hydroxy-16-methoxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine + 1
DE S-adenosyl-L-methionine => 1 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1
DE desacetoxyvindoline.
HP ULS00246; vindoline from tabersonine.
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.99.
DR KEGG; rn:R04013.
//
ID vindoline from tabersonine: step 5/6.
AC UER00525
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 O(2) + 1 desacetoxyvindoline
DE => 1 CO(2) + 1 deacetylvindoline + 1 succinate.
HP ULS00246; vindoline from tabersonine.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.11.20.
DR KEGG; rn:R05857.
//
ID vindoline from tabersonine: step 6/6.
AC UER00526
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 acetyl-CoA + 1 deacetylvindoline => 1 CoA + 1
DE vindoline.
HP ULS00246; vindoline from tabersonine.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.107.
DR KEGG; rn:R03230.
//
ID alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate from D-fructose 6-phosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00528
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-fructose 6-phosphate + 1 L-glutamine => 1 L-
DE glutamate + 1 alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate.
HP ULS00247; alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate from D-fructose 6-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.16.
DR KEGG; rn:R00768.
//
ID N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate from alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate (route I): step 1/2.
AC UER00529
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 acetyl-CoA + 1 alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate =>
DE 1 CoA + 1 N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate.
HP ULS00248; N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate from alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate (route I).
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R02058.
//
ID N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate from alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate (route I): step 2/2.
AC UER00530
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate => 1 N-acetyl-
DE alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate.
HP ULS00248; N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate from alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate (route I).
DR ENZYME; 5.4.2.3.
//
ID N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate from alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate (route II): step 1/2.
AC UER00531
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate => 1 alpha-D-
DE glucosamine 1-phosphate.
HP ULS00249; N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate from alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate (route II).
DR ENZYME; 5.4.2.10.
DR KEGG; rn:R02060.
//
ID N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate from alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate (route II): step 2/2.
AC UER00532
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 acetyl-CoA + 1 alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate =>
DE 1 CoA + 1 N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate.
HP ULS00249; N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate from alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate (route II).
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.157.
//
ID UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine from N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00533
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate + 1 UTP
DE => 1 UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00250; UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine from N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.7.23.
DR KEGG; rn:R00416.
//
ID D-glucose from alpha,alpha-trehalose: step 1/1.
AC UER00535
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 alpha,alpha-trehalose => 2 D-glucose.
HP ULS00251; D-glucose from alpha,alpha-trehalose.
DR ENZYME; 3.2.1.28.
DR KEGG; rn:R00010.
//
ID hypotaurine from 2-aminoethanethiol: step 1/1.
AC UER00536
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-aminoethanethiol + 1 O(2) => 1 hypotaurine.
HP ULS00252; hypotaurine from 2-aminoethanethiol.
DR ENZYME; 1.13.11.19.
DR KEGG; rn:R02467.
//
ID hypotaurine from L-cysteine: step 1/2.
AC UER00537
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-cysteine + 1 O(2) => 1 3-sulfino-L-alanine.
HP ULS00253; hypotaurine from L-cysteine.
DR ENZYME; 1.13.11.20.
DR KEGG; rn:R00893.
//
ID hypotaurine from L-cysteine: step 2/2.
AC UER00538
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-sulfino-L-alanine => 1 CO(2) + 1 hypotaurine.
HP ULS00253; hypotaurine from L-cysteine.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.29.
DR KEGG; rn:R02466.
//
ID taurine from hypotaurine: step 1/1.
AC UER00539
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 NAD(+) + 1 hypotaurine => 1 H(+) + 1
DE NADH + 1 taurine.
HP ULS00254; taurine from hypotaurine.
DR ENZYME; 1.8.1.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R01681.
//
ID taurine from L-cysteine: step 1/2.
AC UER00540
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-cysteine + 1 sulfite => 1 L-cysteate + 1
DE hydrogen sulfide.
HP ULS00255; taurine from L-cysteine.
DR ENZYME; 4.4.1.10.
DR KEGG; rn:R00901.
//
ID taurine from L-cysteine: step 2/2.
AC UER00541
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-cysteate => 1 CO(2) + 1 taurine.
HP ULS00255; taurine from L-cysteine.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.29.
DR KEGG; rn:R01682.
//
ID aminoacetaldehyde and sulfite from taurine: step 1/1.
AC UER00542
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 O(2) + 1 taurine => 1 CO(2) +
DE 1 aminoacetaldehyde + 1 succinate + 1 sulfite.
HP ULS00256; aminoacetaldehyde and sulfite from taurine.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.11.17.
DR KEGG; rn:R05320.
//
ID acetyl phosphate and sulfite from taurine: step 1/2.
AC UER00543
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 pyruvate + 1 taurine => 1 L-alanine + 1
DE sulfoacetaldehyde.
HP ULS00257; acetyl phosphate and sulfite from taurine.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.77.
DR KEGG; rn:R05652.
//
ID acetyl phosphate and sulfite from taurine: step 2/2.
AC UER00544
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 phosphate + 1 sulfoacetaldehyde => 1 acetyl
DE phosphate + 1 sulfite.
HP ULS00257; acetyl phosphate and sulfite from taurine.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.3.15.
DR KEGG; rn:R05651.
//
ID sucrose from D-fructose 6-phosphate and UDP-alpha-D-glucose: step 1/2.
AC UER00545
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-fructose 6-phosphate + 1 UDP-alpha-D-glucose =>
DE 1 UDP + 1 sucrose 6-phosphate.
HP ULS00258; sucrose from D-fructose 6-phosphate and UDP-alpha-D-glucose.
DR ENZYME; 2.4.1.14.
DR KEGG; rn:R00766.
//
ID sucrose from D-fructose 6-phosphate and UDP-alpha-D-glucose: step 2/2.
AC UER00546
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 sucrose 6-phosphate => 1 phosphate + 1
DE sucrose.
HP ULS00258; sucrose from D-fructose 6-phosphate and UDP-alpha-D-glucose.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.3.24.
DR KEGG; rn:R00805.
//
ID 3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene from trans-4-coumarate: step 1/2.
AC UER00547
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 CoA + 1 trans-4-coumarate => 1 4-
DE coumaroyl-CoA + 1 AMP + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00259; 3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene from trans-4-coumarate.
DR ENZYME; 6.2.1.12.
DR KEGG; rn:R01616.
//
ID 3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene from trans-4-coumarate: step 2/2.
AC UER00548
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-coumaroyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA => 1 3,4',5-
DE trihydroxystilbene + 4 CO(2) + 4 CoA.
HP ULS00259; 3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene from trans-4-coumarate.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.95.
DR KEGG; rn:R01614.
//
ID N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate from L-histidine: step 1/3.
AC UER00549
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-histidine => 1 NH(3) + 1 trans-urocanate.
HP ULS00260; N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate from L-histidine.
DR ENZYME; 4.3.1.3.
DR PubMed; 11732994.
DR KEGG; rn:R01168.
//
ID N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate from L-histidine: step 2/3.
AC UER00550
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 trans-urocanate => 1 4-imidazolone-5-
DE propanoate.
HP ULS00260; N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate from L-histidine.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.49.
DR PubMed; 15313616.
DR KEGG; rn:R02914.
//
ID N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate from L-histidine: step 3/3.
AC UER00551
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-imidazolone-5-propanoate + 1 H(2)O => 1 N-
DE formimidoyl-L-glutamate.
HP ULS00260; N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate from L-histidine.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.2.7.
DR PubMed; 16990261.
DR KEGG; rn:R02288.
//
ID L-glutamate from N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate (hydrolase route): step 1/1.
AC UER00552
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate => 1 L-
DE glutamate + 1 formamide.
HP ULS00261; L-glutamate from N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate (hydrolase route).
DR ENZYME; 3.5.3.8.
DR KEGG; rn:R02285.
//
ID L-glutamate from N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate (deiminase route): step 1/2.
AC UER00553
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate => 1 N-
DE formyl-L-glutamate + 1 NH(3).
HP ULS00262; L-glutamate from N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate (deiminase route).
DR ENZYME; 3.5.3.13.
DR PubMed; 16475788.
DR KEGG; rn:R02286.
//
ID L-glutamate from N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate (deiminase route): step 2/2.
AC UER00554
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 N-formyl-L-glutamate => 1 L-glutamate +
DE 1 formate.
HP ULS00262; L-glutamate from N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate (deiminase route).
DR ENZYME; 3.5.1.68.
DR PubMed; 7612651.
DR KEGG; rn:R00525.
//
ID L-glutamate from N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate (transferase route): step 1/1.
AC UER00555
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + 1 N-formimidoyl-L-
DE glutamate => 1 5-formiminotetrahydrofolate + 1 L-glutamate.
HP ULS00263; L-glutamate from N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate (transferase route).
DR ENZYME; 2.1.2.5.
DR PubMed; 12815595.
DR KEGG; rn:R02287.
//
ID staphyloxanthin from farnesyl diphosphate: step 1/5.
AC UER00556
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 2 farnesyl diphosphate => 1 dehydrosqualene + 2
DE diphosphate.
HP ULS00264; staphyloxanthin from farnesyl diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.5.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R07652.
//
ID staphyloxanthin from farnesyl diphosphate: step 2/5.
AC UER00557
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 dehydrosqualene => 1 4,4'-diaponeurosporene.
HP ULS00264; staphyloxanthin from farnesyl diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.99.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R07653.
//
ID staphyloxanthin from farnesyl diphosphate: step 3/5.
AC UER00558
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4,4'-diaponeurosporene => 1 4,4'-
DE diaponeurosporenic acid.
HP ULS00264; staphyloxanthin from farnesyl diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 1.-.-.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R07654.
//
ID staphyloxanthin from farnesyl diphosphate: step 4/5.
AC UER00559
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4,4'-diaponeurosporenic acid => 1 glycosyl-4,4'-
DE diaponeurosporenic acid.
HP ULS00264; staphyloxanthin from farnesyl diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.4.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R07655.
//
ID staphyloxanthin from farnesyl diphosphate: step 5/5.
AC UER00560
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 glycosyl-4,4'-diaponeurosporenic acid => 1
DE staphyloxanthin.
HP ULS00264; staphyloxanthin from farnesyl diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R07656.
//
ID ethylene from S-adenosyl-L-methionine: step 1/2.
AC UER00562
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 S-adenosyl-L-methionine => 1 1-
DE aminocyclopropanecarboxylate + 1 S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine.
HP ULS00265; ethylene from S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
DR ENZYME; 4.4.1.14.
DR PubMed; 507845.
DR PubMed; 12422245.
DR KEGG; rn:R00179.
//
ID ethylene from S-adenosyl-L-methionine: step 2/2.
AC UER00563
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylate + 1 L-ascorbate +
DE 1 O(2) => 1 CO(2) + 2 H(2)O + 1 L-dehydroascorbate + 1 ethylene + 1
DE hydrogen cyanide.
HP ULS00265; ethylene from S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.17.4.
DR PubMed; 11361015.
DR PubMed; 12422245.
DR KEGG; rn:R07214.
//
ID geranylgeranyl diphosphate from farnesyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00564
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 farnesyl diphosphate + 1 isopentenyl diphosphate
DE => 1 diphosphate + 1 geranylgeranyl diphosphate.
HP ULS00266; geranylgeranyl diphosphate from farnesyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.5.1.29.
DR KEGG; rn:R02061.
//
ID 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate from L-arabinose: step 1/3.
AC UER00568
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-arabinose + 1 NAD(+) => 1 H(+) + 1 L-arabinono-
DE 1,4-lactone + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00267; 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate from L-arabinose.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.46.
DR KEGG; rn:R01757.
//
ID 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate from L-arabinose: step 2/3.
AC UER00569
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 L-arabinono-1,4-lactone => 1 L-
DE arabinonate.
HP ULS00267; 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate from L-arabinose.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.1.15.
DR KEGG; rn:R02526.
//
ID 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate from L-arabinose: step 3/3.
AC UER00570
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-arabinonate => 1 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-
DE arabinonate + 1 H(2)O.
HP ULS00267; 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate from L-arabinose.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.25.
DR KEGG; rn:R02522.
//
ID glycolaldehyde and pyruvate from 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate: step 1/1.
AC UER00571
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate => 1
DE glycolaldehyde + 1 pyruvate.
HP ULS00268; glycolaldehyde and pyruvate from 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.2.18.
DR KEGG; rn:R01784.
//
ID 2-oxoglutarate from 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate: step 1/2.
AC UER00572
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate => 1 2,5-
DE dioxopentanoate + 1 H(2)O.
HP ULS00269; 2-oxoglutarate from 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.43.
DR KEGG; rn:R02278.
//
ID 2-oxoglutarate from 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate: step 2/2.
AC UER00573
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2,5-dioxopentanoate + 1 H(2)O + 1 NADP(+) => 1 2-
DE oxoglutarate + 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH.
HP ULS00269; 2-oxoglutarate from 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate.
DR ENZYME; 1.2.1.26.
DR KEGG; rn:R00264.
//
ID D-xylulose 5-phosphate from L-arabinose (fungal route): step 1/5.
AC UER00574
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: H(+) + L-arabinose + [NADH or NADPH] => L-
DE arabinitol + [NAD(+) or NADP(+)].
HP ULS00270; D-xylulose 5-phosphate from L-arabinose (fungal route).
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.21.
DR KEGG; rn:R01758.
DR KEGG; rn:R01759.
//
ID D-xylulose 5-phosphate from L-arabinose (fungal route): step 2/5.
AC UER00575
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-arabinitol + 1 NAD(+) => 1 H(+) + 1 L-xylulose
DE + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00270; D-xylulose 5-phosphate from L-arabinose (fungal route).
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.12.
DR PubMed; 11514550.
DR KEGG; rn:R01903.
//
ID D-xylulose 5-phosphate from L-arabinose (fungal route): step 3/5.
AC UER00576
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 L-xylulose + 1 NADPH => 1 NADP(+) + 1
DE xylitol.
HP ULS00270; D-xylulose 5-phosphate from L-arabinose (fungal route).
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.10.
DR KEGG; rn:R01904.
//
ID D-xylulose 5-phosphate from L-arabinose (fungal route): step 4/5.
AC UER00577
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 NAD(+) + 1 xylitol => 1 D-xylulose + 1 H(+) + 1
DE NADH.
HP ULS00270; D-xylulose 5-phosphate from L-arabinose (fungal route).
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.9.
DR KEGG; rn:R01896.
//
ID D-xylulose 5-phosphate from L-arabinose (fungal route): step 5/5.
AC UER00578
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 D-xylulose => 1 ADP + 1 D-xylulose 5-
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00270; D-xylulose 5-phosphate from L-arabinose (fungal route).
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.17.
DR PubMed; 11606204.
DR KEGG; rn:R01639.
//
ID creatine from L-arginine and glycine: step 1/2.
AC UER00579
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-arginine + 1 glycine => 1 L-ornithine + 1
DE guanidinoacetate.
HP ULS00271; creatine from L-arginine and glycine.
DR ENZYME; 2.1.4.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R00565.
//
ID creatine from L-arginine and glycine: step 2/2.
AC UER00580
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1 guanidinoacetate => 1
DE S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1 creatine.
HP ULS00271; creatine from L-arginine and glycine.
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.2.
DR PubMed; 12079381.
DR PubMed; 15533043.
DR KEGG; rn:R01883.
//
ID pentalenene from farnesyl diphosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00581
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 farnesyl diphosphate => 1 diphosphate + 1
DE pentalenene.
HP ULS00272; pentalenene from farnesyl diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.3.7.
DR PubMed; 9295272.
DR KEGG; rn:R02305.
//
ID aristolochene from farnesyl diphosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00582
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 farnesyl diphosphate => 1 aristolochene + 1
DE diphosphate.
HP ULS00273; aristolochene from farnesyl diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.3.9.
DR PubMed; 10825154.
DR PubMed; 8440737.
DR PubMed; 9295271.
DR PubMed; 10775423.
DR KEGG; rn:R02307.
//
ID germacradienol from farnesyl diphosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00583
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 farnesyl diphosphate => 1 diphosphate +
DE 1 germacradienol.
HP ULS00274; germacradienol from farnesyl diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.3.22.
DR PubMed; 16787064.
DR KEGG; rn:R07647.
//
ID germacrene D from farnesyl diphosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00584
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 farnesyl diphosphate => 1 diphosphate + 1
DE germacrene D.
HP ULS00275; germacrene D from farnesyl diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.3.22.
DR PubMed; 16787064.
DR KEGG; rn:R07648.
//
ID NH(3) and pyruvate from L-alanine: step 1/1.
AC UER00585
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 L-alanine + 1 NAD(+) => 1 H(+) + 1 NADH
DE + 1 NH(3) + 1 pyruvate.
HP ULS00276; NH(3) and pyruvate from L-alanine.
DR ENZYME; 1.4.1.1.
DR PubMed; 8226620.
DR PubMed; 9665169.
DR PubMed; 12664266.
DR KEGG; rn:R00396.
//
ID pyruvate from L-alanine: step 1/1.
AC UER00586
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 L-alanine => 1 L-glutamate + 1
DE pyruvate.
HP ULS00277; pyruvate from L-alanine.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.2.
DR PubMed; 11863375.
DR PubMed; 15122758.
DR KEGG; rn:R00258.
//
ID betaine aldehyde from choline (dehydrogenase route): step 1/1.
AC UER00587
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 NAD(+) + 1 choline => 1 H(+) + 1 NADH + 1 betaine
DE aldehyde.
HP ULS00278; betaine aldehyde from choline (dehydrogenase route).
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.1.
DR PubMed; 8752328.
//
ID 4-pyridoxate from pyridoxal: step 1/2.
AC UER00588
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 NAD(+) + 1 pyridoxal => 1 4-pyridoxolactone + 1
DE H(+) + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00279; 4-pyridoxate from pyridoxal.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.107.
DR PubMed; 15226311.
DR KEGG; rn:R01707.
//
ID 4-pyridoxate from pyridoxal: step 2/2.
AC UER00589
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-pyridoxolactone + 1 H(2)O => 1 4-pyridoxate.
HP ULS00279; 4-pyridoxate from pyridoxal.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.1.27.
DR KEGG; rn:R02992.
//
ID pyridoxal from pyridoxine (oxidase route): step 1/1.
AC UER00590
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 O(2) + 1 pyridoxine => 1 H(2)O(2) + 1 pyridoxal.
HP ULS00280; pyridoxal from pyridoxine (oxidase route).
DR ENZYME; 1.1.3.12.
DR KEGG; rn:R01711.
//
ID protein N(6)-(lipoyl)lysine from lipoate: step 1/2.
AC UER00594
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 lipoate => 1 diphosphate + 1 lipoyl-AMP.
HP ULS00281; protein N(6)-(lipoyl)lysine from lipoate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.7.63.
DR KEGG; rn:R07770.
//
ID protein N(6)-(lipoyl)lysine from lipoate: step 2/2.
AC UER00595
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 apoprotein + 1 lipoyl-AMP => 1 AMP + 1 protein
DE N(6)-(lipoyl)lysine.
HP ULS00281; protein N(6)-(lipoyl)lysine from lipoate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.7.63.
DR KEGG; rn:R07771.
//
ID protein N(6)-(lipoyl)lysine from octanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]: step 1/2.
AC UER00592
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 apoprotein + 1 octanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] =>
DE 1 acyl-carrier protein + 1 protein N(6)-(octanoyl)lysine.
HP ULS00282; protein N(6)-(lipoyl)lysine from octanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein].
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.181.
DR KEGG; rn:R07766.
//
ID protein N(6)-(lipoyl)lysine from octanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]: step 2/2.
AC UER00593
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1 protein N(6)-
DE (octanoyl)lysine + 2 sulfur donor => 2 5'-deoxyadenosine + 2 L-
DE methionine + 1 protein N(6)-(lipoyl)lysine.
HP ULS00282; protein N(6)-(lipoyl)lysine from octanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein].
DR ENZYME; 2.8.1.8.
DR KEGG; rn:R07767.
//
ID thiamine diphosphate from thiamine phosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00142
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 thiamine phosphate => 1 ADP + 1 thiamine
DE diphosphate.
HP ULS00283; thiamine diphosphate from thiamine phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.4.16.
DR KEGG; rn:R00617.
//
ID thiamine phosphate from thiamine: step 1/1.
AC UER00596
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 thiamine => 1 ADP + 1 thiamine phosphate.
HP ULS00284; thiamine phosphate from thiamine.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.89.
DR KEGG; rn:R02134.
//
ID thiamine diphosphate from thiamine: step 1/1.
AC UER00597
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 thiamine => 1 AMP + 1 thiamine
DE diphosphate.
HP ULS00285; thiamine diphosphate from thiamine.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.6.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R00619.
//
ID CO(2) and formate from oxalate: step 1/2.
AC UER00598
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 formyl-CoA + 1 oxalate => 1 formate + 1 oxalyl-
DE CoA.
HP ULS00286; CO(2) and formate from oxalate.
DR ENZYME; 2.8.3.16.
DR PubMed; 12844490.
DR KEGG; rn:R07290.
//
ID CO(2) and formate from oxalate: step 2/2.
AC UER00599
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 oxalyl-CoA => 1 CO(2) + 1 formyl-CoA.
HP ULS00286; CO(2) and formate from oxalate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.8.
DR KEGG; rn:R01908.
//
ID NAD(+) from nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide: step 1/1.
AC UER00600
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide => 1 NAD(+)
DE + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00287; NAD(+) from nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.7.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R00137.
//
ID glycerone phosphate from L-rhamnose: step 1/3.
AC UER00601
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-rhamnose => 1 L-rhamnulose.
HP ULS00288; glycerone phosphate from L-rhamnose.
DR ENZYME; 5.3.1.14.
DR KEGG; rn:R02437.
//
ID glycerone phosphate from L-rhamnose: step 2/3.
AC UER00602
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 L-rhamnulose => 1 ADP + 1 L-rhamnulose 1-
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00288; glycerone phosphate from L-rhamnose.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R03014.
//
ID glycerone phosphate from L-rhamnose: step 3/3.
AC UER00603
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-rhamnulose 1-phosphate => 1 L-lactaldehyde + 1
DE glycerone phosphate.
HP ULS00288; glycerone phosphate from L-rhamnose.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.2.19.
DR KEGG; rn:R02263.
//
ID lactose 6-phosphate from alpha-lactose (PTS route): step 1/1.
AC UER00604
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 alpha-lactose + 1 protein N(pi)-phospho-L-
DE histidine => 1 lactose 6-phosphate + 1 protein histidine.
HP ULS00289; lactose 6-phosphate from alpha-lactose (PTS route).
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.69.
DR KEGG; rn:R04393.
//
ID D-galactose 6-phosphate and beta-D-glucose from lactose 6-phosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00605
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 lactose 6-phosphate => 1 D-galactose 6-
DE phosphate + 1 beta-D-glucose.
HP ULS00290; D-galactose 6-phosphate and beta-D-glucose from lactose 6-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 3.2.1.85.
DR KEGG; rn:R03256.
//
ID GDP-D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose from D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate: step 1/3.
AC UER00606
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose 7-
DE phosphate => 1 ADP + 1 D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose 1,7-
DE diphosphate.
HP ULS00291; GDP-D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose from D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.-.
//
ID GDP-D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose from D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate: step 2/3.
AC UER00607
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose 1,7-diphosphate +
DE 1 H(2)O => 1 D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose 1,7-diphosphate + 1
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00291; GDP-D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose from D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.3.-.
//
ID GDP-D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose from D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate: step 3/3.
AC UER00608
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose 1,7-diphosphate +
DE 1 GTP => 1 GDP + 1 GDP-D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose.
HP ULS00291; GDP-D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose from D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate.
//
ID cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate from 2-phospho-D-glycerate: step 1/2.
AC UER00609
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-phospho-D-glycerate + 1 ATP => 1 2,3-
DE bisphospho-D-glycerate + 1 ADP.
HP ULS00292; cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate from 2-phospho-D-glycerate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.2.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R02664.
//
ID cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate from 2-phospho-D-glycerate: step 2/2.
AC UER00610
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate + 1 ATP => 1 ADP + 1
DE cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00292; cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate from 2-phospho-D-glycerate.
DR ENZYME; 4.6.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R03298.
//
ID (S)-lactate from pyruvate: step 1/1.
AC UER00611
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 NADH + 1 pyruvate => 1 (S)-lactate + 1
DE NAD(+).
HP ULS00293; (S)-lactate from pyruvate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.27.
DR KEGG; rn:R00703.
//
ID CDP-diacylglycerol from sn-glycerol 3-phosphate: step 1/3.
AC UER00612
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 acyl-CoA + 1 sn-glycerol 3-phosphate => 1 1-acyl-
DE sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + 1 CoA.
HP ULS00294; CDP-diacylglycerol from sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.15.
DR KEGG; rn:R00851.
//
ID CDP-diacylglycerol from sn-glycerol 3-phosphate: step 2/3.
AC UER00613
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + 1 acyl-CoA => 1
DE CoA + 1 phosphatidate.
HP ULS00294; CDP-diacylglycerol from sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.51.
DR KEGG; rn:R02241.
//
ID CDP-diacylglycerol from sn-glycerol 3-phosphate: step 3/3.
AC UER00614
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 CTP + 1 phosphatidate => 1 CDP-diacylglycerol + 1
DE diphosphate.
HP ULS00294; CDP-diacylglycerol from sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.7.41.
DR KEGG; rn:R01799.
//
ID phosphatidylethanolamine from CDP-diacylglycerol: step 1/2.
AC UER00615
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 CDP-diacylglycerol + 1 L-serine => 1 CMP + 1
DE phosphatidylserine.
HP ULS00295; phosphatidylethanolamine from CDP-diacylglycerol.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.8.8.
DR KEGG; rn:R01800.
//
ID phosphatidylethanolamine from CDP-diacylglycerol: step 2/2.
AC UER00616
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 phosphatidylserine => 1 CO(2) + 1
DE phosphatidylethanolamine.
HP ULS00295; phosphatidylethanolamine from CDP-diacylglycerol.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.65.
DR KEGG; rn:R02055.
//
ID acetate and pyruvate from L-glutamate: step 1/4.
AC UER00617
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-glutamate => 1 (2S,3S)-3-methyl-L-aspartate.
HP ULS00296; acetate and pyruvate from L-glutamate.
DR ENZYME; 5.4.99.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R00262.
//
ID acetate and pyruvate from L-glutamate: step 2/4.
AC UER00618
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (2S,3S)-3-methyl-L-aspartate => 1 NH(3) + 1
DE mesaconate.
HP ULS00296; acetate and pyruvate from L-glutamate.
DR ENZYME; 4.3.1.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R03696.
//
ID acetate and pyruvate from L-glutamate: step 3/4.
AC UER00619
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 mesaconate => 1 L-citramalate.
HP ULS00296; acetate and pyruvate from L-glutamate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.34.
DR KEGG; rn:R03693.
//
ID acetate and pyruvate from L-glutamate: step 4/4.
AC UER00620
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-citramalate => 1 acetate + 1 pyruvate.
HP ULS00296; acetate and pyruvate from L-glutamate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.3.22.
DR KEGG; rn:R00325.
//
ID formate from formaldehyde (glutathione route): step 1/3.
AC UER00621
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 formaldehyde + 1 glutathione => 1 S-
DE (hydroxymethyl)glutathione.
HP ULS00297; formate from formaldehyde (glutathione route).
DR ENZYME; 4.4.1.22.
DR KEGG; rn:R06982.
//
ID formate from formaldehyde (glutathione route): step 2/3.
AC UER00622
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione + [NAD(+) or NADP(+)]
DE => H(+) + S-formylglutathione + [NADH or NADPH].
HP ULS00297; formate from formaldehyde (glutathione route).
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.284.
DR KEGG; rn:R06983.
DR KEGG; rn:R07140.
//
ID formate from formaldehyde (glutathione route): step 3/3.
AC UER00623
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 S-formylglutathione => 1 formate + 1
DE glutathione.
HP ULS00297; formate from formaldehyde (glutathione route).
DR ENZYME; 3.1.2.12.
DR KEGG; rn:R00527.
//
ID L-lactaldehyde and glycerone phosphate from L-fucose: step 1/3.
AC UER00624
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-fucose => 1 L-fuculose.
HP ULS00298; L-lactaldehyde and glycerone phosphate from L-fucose.
DR ENZYME; 5.3.1.25.
DR KEGG; rn:R03163.
//
ID L-lactaldehyde and glycerone phosphate from L-fucose: step 2/3.
AC UER00625
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 L-fuculose => 1 ADP + 1 L-fuculose 1-
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00298; L-lactaldehyde and glycerone phosphate from L-fucose.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.51.
DR KEGG; rn:R03241.
//
ID L-lactaldehyde and glycerone phosphate from L-fucose: step 3/3.
AC UER00626
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-fuculose 1-phosphate => 1 L-lactaldehyde + 1
DE glycerone phosphate.
HP ULS00298; L-lactaldehyde and glycerone phosphate from L-fucose.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.2.17.
DR KEGG; rn:R02262.
//
ID 2,5-dioxopentanoate from D-glucarate: step 1/2.
AC UER00627
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-glucarate => 1 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate +
DE 1 H(2)O.
HP ULS00299; 2,5-dioxopentanoate from D-glucarate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.40.
DR KEGG; rn:R02752.
//
ID 2,5-dioxopentanoate from D-glucarate: step 2/2.
AC UER00628
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate => 1 2,5-
DE dioxopentanoate + 1 CO(2) + 1 H(2)O.
HP ULS00299; 2,5-dioxopentanoate from D-glucarate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.41.
DR KEGG; rn:R02279.
//
ID D-glycerate from D-galactarate: step 1/3.
AC UER00629
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-galactarate => 1 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate
DE + 1 H(2)O.
HP ULS00300; D-glycerate from D-galactarate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.42.
DR KEGG; rn:R05608.
//
ID D-glycerate from D-galactarate: step 2/3.
AC UER00630
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate => 1 2-hydroxy-3-
DE oxopropanoate + 1 pyruvate.
HP ULS00300; D-glycerate from D-galactarate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.2.20.
DR KEGG; rn:R02754.
//
ID D-glycerate from D-galactarate: step 3/3.
AC UER00631
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + H(+) + [NADH or NADPH]
DE => D-glycerate + [NAD(+) or NADP(+)].
HP ULS00300; D-glycerate from D-galactarate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.60.
DR KEGG; rn:R01745.
DR KEGG; rn:R01747.
//
ID uridine from cytidine: step 1/1.
AC UER00632
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 cytidine => 1 NH(3) + 1 uridine.
HP ULS00301; uridine from cytidine.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.4.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R01878.
//
ID uracil from uridine (phosphorylase route): step 1/1.
AC UER00633
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 phosphate + 1 uridine => 1 alpha-D-ribose 1-
DE phosphate + 1 uracil.
HP ULS00302; uracil from uridine (phosphorylase route).
DR ENZYME; 2.4.2.3.
DR PubMed; 15003451.
DR PubMed; 12499542.
DR KEGG; rn:R01876.
//
ID uracil from uridine (hydrolase route): step 1/1.
AC UER00634
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 uridine => 1 D-ribose + 1 uracil.
HP ULS00303; uracil from uridine (hydrolase route).
DR ENZYME; 3.2.2.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R01080.
//
ID UMP from uracil: step 1/1.
AC UER00636
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + 1 uracil
DE => 1 UMP + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00304; UMP from uracil.
DR ENZYME; 2.4.2.9.
DR KEGG; rn:R00966.
//
ID UMP from uridine: step 1/1.
AC UER00637
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 uridine => 1 ADP + 1 UMP.
HP ULS00305; UMP from uridine.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.48.
DR KEGG; rn:R00964.
//
ID dTMP from thymine: step 1/2.
AC UER00638
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate + 1 thymine =>
DE 1 phosphate + 1 thymidine.
HP ULS00306; dTMP from thymine.
DR ENZYME; 2.4.2.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R01570.
//
ID dTMP from thymine: step 2/2.
AC UER00639
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 thymidine => 1 ADP + 1 dTMP.
HP ULS00306; dTMP from thymine.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.21.
DR KEGG; rn:R01567.
//
ID CTP from cytidine: step 1/3.
AC UER00640
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 cytidine => 1 ADP + 1 CMP.
HP ULS00307; CTP from cytidine.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.48.
DR KEGG; rn:R00513.
//
ID CTP from cytidine: step 2/3.
AC UER00641
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 CMP => 1 ADP + 1 CDP.
HP ULS00307; CTP from cytidine.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.4.14.
DR KEGG; rn:R00512.
//
ID CTP from cytidine: step 3/3.
AC UER00642
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 CDP => 1 ADP + 1 CTP.
HP ULS00307; CTP from cytidine.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.4.6.
DR KEGG; rn:R00570.
//
ID malonate and urea from uracil: step 1/3.
AC UER00643
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 acceptor + 1 uracil => 1 barbiturate +
DE 1 reduced acceptor.
HP ULS00308; malonate and urea from uracil.
DR ENZYME; 1.17.99.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R00976.
//
ID malonate and urea from uracil: step 2/3.
AC UER00644
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 barbiturate => 1 3-oxo-3-
DE ureidopropanoic acid.
HP ULS00308; malonate and urea from uracil.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.2.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R02139.
//
ID malonate and urea from uracil: step 3/3.
AC UER00645
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-oxo-3-ureidopropanoic acid + 1 H(2)O => 1
DE malonate + 1 urea.
HP ULS00308; malonate and urea from uracil.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.1.95.
DR KEGG; rn:R07629.
//
ID AMP from adenine: step 1/1.
AC UER00646
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + 1
DE adenine => 1 AMP + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00309; AMP from adenine.
DR ENZYME; 2.4.2.7.
DR KEGG; rn:R00190.
//
ID IMP from inosine: step 1/1.
AC UER00647
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 inosine => 1 ADP + 1 IMP.
HP ULS00310; IMP from inosine.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.73.
DR KEGG; rn:R01131.
//
ID IMP from hypoxanthine: step 1/1.
AC UER00648
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + 1
DE hypoxanthine => 1 IMP + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00311; IMP from hypoxanthine.
DR ENZYME; 2.4.2.8.
DR KEGG; rn:R01132.
//
ID AMP from ADP: step 1/1.
AC UER00649
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 2 ADP => 1 AMP + 1 ATP.
HP ULS00312; AMP from ADP.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.4.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R00127.
//
ID (S)-allantoin from urate: step 1/3.
AC UER00650
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 O(2) + 1 urate => 1 5-hydroxyisouric
DE acid + 1 H(2)O(2).
HP ULS00313; (S)-allantoin from urate.
DR ENZYME; 1.7.3.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R02106.
//
ID (S)-allantoin from urate: step 2/3.
AC UER00651
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-hydroxyisouric acid + 1 H(2)O => 1 5-hydroxy-2-
DE oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid.
HP ULS00313; (S)-allantoin from urate.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.2.17.
DR PubMed; 16787778.
DR PubMed; 16952372.
DR KEGG; rn:R06601.
//
ID (S)-allantoin from urate: step 3/3.
AC UER00652
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H-
DE imidazole-5-carboxylic acid => 1 (S)-allantoin + 1 CO(2).
HP ULS00313; (S)-allantoin from urate.
DR PubMed; 17428786.
DR PubMed; 17567580.
DR KEGG; rn:R06604.
//
ID allantoate from (S)-allantoin: step 1/1.
AC UER00653
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-allantoin + 1 H(2)O => 1 allantoate.
HP ULS00314; allantoate from (S)-allantoin.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.2.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R02425.
//
ID (S)-ureidoglycolate from allantoate (aminidohydrolase route): step 1/1.
AC UER00654
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 allantoate => 1 (S)-ureidoglycolate + 1
DE urea.
HP ULS00315; (S)-ureidoglycolate from allantoate (aminidohydrolase route).
DR ENZYME; 3.5.3.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R02422.
//
ID (S)-ureidoglycolate from allantoate (amidohydrolase route): step 1/1.
AC UER00655
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 allantoate => 1 (S)-ureidoglycolate + 1
DE CO(2) + 1 NH(3).
HP ULS00316; (S)-ureidoglycolate from allantoate (amidohydrolase route).
DR ENZYME; 3.5.3.9.
DR PubMed; 17362992.
DR PubMed; 16496096.
DR KEGG; rn:R02423.
DR KEGG; rn:R05554.
//
ID glyoxylate from (S)-ureidoglycolate: step 1/1.
AC UER00656
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-ureidoglycolate + 1 H(2)O => 1 CO(2) + 2
DE NH(3) + 1 glyoxylate.
HP ULS00317; glyoxylate from (S)-ureidoglycolate.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.3.19.
DR KEGG; rn:R00469.
//
ID oxalurate from (S)-ureidoglycolate: step 1/1.
AC UER00657
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: (S)-ureidoglycolate + [NAD(+) or NADP(+)] => H(+) +
DE oxalurate + [NADH or NADPH].
HP ULS00318; oxalurate from (S)-ureidoglycolate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.154.
DR KEGG; rn:R02935.
DR KEGG; rn:R02936.
//
ID XMP from xanthine: step 1/1.
AC UER00658
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + 1
DE xanthine => 1 XMP + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00319; XMP from xanthine.
DR ENZYME; 2.4.2.22.
DR PubMed; 10545171.
DR KEGG; rn:R02142.
//
ID AMP from adenosine: step 1/1.
AC UER00659
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 adenosine => 1 ADP + 1 AMP.
HP ULS00320; AMP from adenosine.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.20.
DR KEGG; rn:R00185.
//
ID xanthine from guanine: step 1/1.
AC UER00660
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 guanine => 1 NH(3) + 1 xanthine.
HP ULS00321; xanthine from guanine.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.4.3.
DR PubMed; 10075721.
DR PubMed; 10913105.
DR KEGG; rn:R01676.
//
ID urate from hypoxanthine: step 1/2.
AC UER00661
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 NAD(+) + 1 hypoxanthine => 1 H(+) + 1
DE NADH + 1 xanthine.
HP ULS00322; urate from hypoxanthine.
DR ENZYME; 1.17.1.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R01768.
//
ID urate from hypoxanthine: step 2/2.
AC UER00662
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 NAD(+) + 1 xanthine => 1 H(+) + 1 NADH
DE + 1 urate.
HP ULS00322; urate from hypoxanthine.
DR ENZYME; 1.17.1.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R02103.
//
ID IMP from AMP: step 1/1.
AC UER00663
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 AMP + 1 H(2)O => 1 IMP + 1 NH(3).
HP ULS00323; IMP from AMP.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.4.6.
DR KEGG; rn:R00181.
//
ID phosphatidate from CDP-diacylglycerol: step 1/1.
AC UER00664
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 CDP-diacylglycerol + 1 H(2)O => 1 CMP + 1
DE phosphatidate.
HP ULS00324; phosphatidate from CDP-diacylglycerol.
DR ENZYME; 3.6.1.26.
DR KEGG; rn:R01797.
//
ID dUMP from dCTP (dUTP route): step 1/2.
AC UER00665
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 dCTP => 1 NH(3) + 1 dUTP.
HP ULS00325; dUMP from dCTP (dUTP route).
DR ENZYME; 3.5.4.13.
DR KEGG; rn:R02325.
//
ID dUMP from dCTP (dUTP route): step 2/2.
AC UER00666
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 dUTP => 1 dUMP + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00325; dUMP from dCTP (dUTP route).
DR ENZYME; 3.6.1.23.
DR KEGG; rn:R02100.
//
ID dUMP from dCTP: step 1/1.
AC UER00667
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 2 H(2)O + 1 dCTP => 1 NH(3) + 1 dUMP + 1
DE diphosphate.
HP ULS00326; dUMP from dCTP.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.4.30.
DR KEGG; rn:R07307.
//
ID glycerone phosphate from glycerol (oxidative route): step 1/2.
AC UER00668
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 NAD(+) + 1 glycerol => 1 H(+) + 1 NADH + 1
DE glycerone.
HP ULS00327; glycerone phosphate from glycerol (oxidative route).
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.6.
DR KEGG; rn:R01034.
//
ID glycerone phosphate from glycerol (oxidative route): step 2/2.
AC UER00669
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 glycerone => 1 ADP + 1 glycerone
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00327; glycerone phosphate from glycerol (oxidative route).
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.29.
DR KEGG; rn:R01011.
//
ID propane-1,3-diol from glycerol (reductive route): step 1/2.
AC UER00670
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 glycerol => 1 3-hydroxypropanal + 1 H(2)O.
HP ULS00328; propane-1,3-diol from glycerol (reductive route).
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.30.
DR KEGG; rn:R01047.
//
ID propane-1,3-diol from glycerol (reductive route): step 2/2.
AC UER00671
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-hydroxypropanal + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH => 1 NAD(+) +
DE 1 propane-1,3-diol.
HP ULS00328; propane-1,3-diol from glycerol (reductive route).
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.202.
DR PubMed; 7721705.
DR PubMed; 9311132.
DR KEGG; rn:R03119.
//
ID sn-glycerol 3-phosphate from glycerol: step 1/1.
AC UER00672
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 glycerol => 1 ADP + 1 sn-glycerol 3-
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00329; sn-glycerol 3-phosphate from glycerol.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.30.
DR KEGG; rn:R00847.
//
ID glycerone phosphate from sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (anaerobic route): step 1/1.
AC UER00673
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 Quinone + 1 sn-glycerol 3-phosphate => 1
DE Hydroquinone + 1 glycerone phosphate.
HP ULS00330; glycerone phosphate from sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (anaerobic route).
DR ENZYME; 1.1.5.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R00849.
//
ID glycerone phosphate from sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (aerobic route): step 1/1.
AC UER00674
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 Quinone + 1 sn-glycerol 3-phosphate => 1
DE Hydroquinone + 1 glycerone phosphate.
HP ULS00331; glycerone phosphate from sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (aerobic route).
DR ENZYME; 1.1.5.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R00849.
//
ID (R)-lactate from methylglyoxal: step 1/2.
AC UER00675
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 glutathione + 1 methylglyoxal => 1 (R)-S-
DE lactoylglutathione.
HP ULS00332; (R)-lactate from methylglyoxal.
DR ENZYME; 4.4.1.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R02530.
//
ID (R)-lactate from methylglyoxal: step 2/2.
AC UER00676
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (R)-S-lactoylglutathione + 1 H(2)O => 1 (R)-
DE lactate + 1 glutathione.
HP ULS00332; (R)-lactate from methylglyoxal.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.2.6.
DR KEGG; rn:R01736.
//
ID (R,R)-butane-2,3-diol from pyruvate: step 1/3.
AC UER00677
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 2 pyruvate => 1 (S)-2-acetolactate + 1 CO(2).
HP ULS00333; (R,R)-butane-2,3-diol from pyruvate.
DR ENZYME; 2.2.1.6.
DR PubMed; 14557277.
DR KEGG; rn:R00226.
//
ID (R,R)-butane-2,3-diol from pyruvate: step 2/3.
AC UER00678
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-2-acetolactate => 1 (R)-acetoin + 1 CO(2).
HP ULS00333; (R,R)-butane-2,3-diol from pyruvate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R02948.
//
ID (R,R)-butane-2,3-diol from pyruvate: step 3/3.
AC UER00679
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (R)-acetoin + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH => 1 (R,R)-butane-
DE 2,3-diol + 1 NAD(+).
HP ULS00333; (R,R)-butane-2,3-diol from pyruvate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R02946.
//
ID D-fructose 6-phosphate from N-acetylneuraminate: step 1/5.
AC UER00680
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 N-acetylneuraminate => 1 N-acetyl-D-mannosamine +
DE 1 pyruvate.
HP ULS00334; D-fructose 6-phosphate from N-acetylneuraminate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.3.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R01811.
//
ID D-fructose 6-phosphate from N-acetylneuraminate: step 2/5.
AC UER00681
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 N-acetyl-D-mannosamine => 1 ADP + 1 N-
DE acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate.
HP ULS00334; D-fructose 6-phosphate from N-acetylneuraminate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.60.
DR KEGG; rn:R02705.
//
ID D-fructose 6-phosphate from N-acetylneuraminate: step 3/5.
AC UER00682
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 N-acetyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate => 1 N-acetyl-
DE D-glucosamine 6-phosphate.
HP ULS00334; D-fructose 6-phosphate from N-acetylneuraminate.
DR ENZYME; 5.1.3.9.
DR KEGG; rn:R02087.
//
ID D-fructose 6-phosphate from N-acetylneuraminate: step 4/5.
AC UER00683
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate => 1
DE acetate + 1 alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate.
HP ULS00334; D-fructose 6-phosphate from N-acetylneuraminate.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.1.25.
DR KEGG; rn:R02059.
//
ID D-fructose 6-phosphate from N-acetylneuraminate: step 5/5.
AC UER00684
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate => 1 D-
DE fructose 6-phosphate + 1 NH(3).
HP ULS00334; D-fructose 6-phosphate from N-acetylneuraminate.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.99.6.
DR PubMed; 16199574.
DR KEGG; rn:R00765.
//
ID crotonoyl-CoA from L-glutamate: step 1/5.
AC UER00591
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 L-glutamate + 1 NAD(+) => 1 2-
DE oxoglutarate + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH + 1 NH(3).
HP ULS00335; crotonoyl-CoA from L-glutamate.
DR ENZYME; 1.4.1.2.
DR PubMed; 1917850.
DR PubMed; 15727821.
DR KEGG; rn:R00243.
//
ID crotonoyl-CoA from L-glutamate: step 2/5.
AC UER00685
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 FADH2 => 1 2-hydroxyglutarate
DE + 1 FAD.
HP ULS00335; crotonoyl-CoA from L-glutamate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.99.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R03534.
//
ID crotonoyl-CoA from L-glutamate: step 3/5.
AC UER00686
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-hydroxyglutarate + 1 acetyl-CoA => 1 2-
DE hydroxyglutaryl-CoA + 1 acetate.
HP ULS00335; crotonoyl-CoA from L-glutamate.
DR ENZYME; 2.8.3.12.
DR KEGG; rn:R04000.
//
ID crotonoyl-CoA from L-glutamate: step 4/5.
AC UER00687
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA => 1 H(2)O + 1 glutaconyl-
DE 1-CoA.
HP ULS00335; crotonoyl-CoA from L-glutamate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R03937.
//
ID crotonoyl-CoA from L-glutamate: step 5/5.
AC UER00688
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 glutaconyl-1-CoA => 1 CO(2) + 1 crotonoyl-CoA.
HP ULS00335; crotonoyl-CoA from L-glutamate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.70.
DR KEGG; rn:R03028.
//
ID L-glutamate from 2-oxoglutarate and L-glutamine (NADP(+) route): step 1/1.
AC UER00689
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 H(+) + 1 L-glutamine + 1 NADPH
DE => 2 L-glutamate + 1 NADP(+).
HP ULS00336; L-glutamate from 2-oxoglutarate and L-glutamine (NADP(+) route).
DR ENZYME; 1.4.1.13.
DR KEGG; rn:R00114.
//
ID L-glutamate from 2-oxoglutarate and L-glutamine (NAD(+) route): step 1/1.
AC UER00690
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 H(+) + 1 L-glutamine + 1 NADH
DE => 2 L-glutamate + 1 NAD(+).
HP ULS00337; L-glutamate from 2-oxoglutarate and L-glutamine (NAD(+) route).
DR ENZYME; 1.4.1.14.
DR KEGG; rn:R00093.
//
ID L-glutamate from 2-oxoglutarate and L-glutamine (ferredoxin route): step 1/1.
AC UER00691
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-oxoglutarate + 2 H(+) + 1 L-glutamine + 2
DE reduced ferredoxin => 2 L-glutamate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin.
HP ULS00338; L-glutamate from 2-oxoglutarate and L-glutamine (ferredoxin route).
DR ENZYME; 1.4.7.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R00021.
//
ID 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin from CO(2): step 1/3.
AC UER00692
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 CO(2) + 1 methanofuran + 1 reduced acceptor => 1
DE H(2)O + 1 N-formylmethanofuran + 1 acceptor.
HP ULS00339; 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin from CO(2).
DR ENZYME; 1.2.99.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R03015.
//
ID 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin from CO(2): step 2/3.
AC UER00693
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + 1 N-
DE formylmethanofuran => 1 N(5)-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin +
DE 1 methanofuran.
HP ULS00339; 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin from CO(2).
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.101.
DR KEGG; rn:R03390.
//
ID 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin from CO(2): step 3/3.
AC UER00694
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 N(5)-formyl-5,6,7,8-
DE tetrahydromethanopterin => 1 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-
DE tetrahydromethanopterin + 1 H(2)O.
HP ULS00339; 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin from CO(2).
DR ENZYME; 3.5.4.27.
DR KEGG; rn:R03464.
//
ID 5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin from 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin (coenzyme F420 route): step 1/1.
AC UER00695
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 1,5-dihydro-coenzyme F(420) + 1 5,10-methenyl-
DE 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin => 1 5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-
DE tetrahydromethanopterin + 1 coenzyme F420.
HP ULS00340; 5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin from 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin (coenzyme F420 route).
DR ENZYME; 1.5.99.9.
DR KEGG; rn:R04456.
//
ID 5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin from 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin (hydrogen route): step 1/1.
AC UER00696
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + 1
DE H(2) => 1 5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + 1 H(+).
HP ULS00341; 5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin from 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin (hydrogen route).
DR ENZYME; 1.12.98.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R04455.
//
ID methyl-coenzyme M from 5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin: step 1/2.
AC UER00697
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 1,5-dihydro-coenzyme F(420) + 1 5,10-methylene-
DE 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin => 1 5-methyl-5,6,7,8-
DE tetrahydromethanopterin + 1 coenzyme F420.
HP ULS00342; methyl-coenzyme M from 5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin.
DR ENZYME; 1.5.99.11.
DR KEGG; rn:R04464.
//
ID methyl-coenzyme M from 5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin: step 2/2.
AC UER00698
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + 1
DE coenzyme M => 1 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + 1 methyl-coenzyme M.
HP ULS00342; methyl-coenzyme M from 5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin.
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.86.
DR KEGG; rn:R04347.
//
ID methane from methyl-coenzyme M: step 1/1.
AC UER00699
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 coenzyme B + 1 methyl-coenzyme M => 1 coenzyme M-
DE coenzyme B heterodisulfide + 1 methane.
HP ULS00343; methane from methyl-coenzyme M.
DR ENZYME; 2.8.4.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R04541.
//
ID coenzyme B and coenzyme M from coenzyme M-coenzyme B heterodisulfide: step 1/1.
AC UER00700
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 coenzyme M-coenzyme B heterodisulfide + 1
DE dihydromethanophenazine => 1 coenzyme B + 1 coenzyme M + 1
DE methanophenazine.
HP ULS00344; coenzyme B and coenzyme M from coenzyme M-coenzyme B heterodisulfide.
DR ENZYME; 1.8.98.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R04540.
//
ID formate from formaldehyde (H(4)MPT route): step 1/5.
AC UER00701
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + 1 formaldehyde
DE => 1 5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + 1 H(2)O.
HP ULS00345; formate from formaldehyde (H(4)MPT route).
DR ENZYME; 4.3.-.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R08058.
//
ID formate from formaldehyde (H(4)MPT route): step 2/5.
AC UER00702
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin +
DE 1 NADP(+) => 1 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + 1
DE NADPH.
HP ULS00345; formate from formaldehyde (H(4)MPT route).
DR ENZYME; 1.5.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R08059.
//
ID formate from formaldehyde (H(4)MPT route): step 3/5.
AC UER00703
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + 1
DE H(2)O => 1 H(+) + 1 N(5)-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin.
HP ULS00345; formate from formaldehyde (H(4)MPT route).
DR ENZYME; 3.5.4.27.
DR KEGG; rn:R03464.
//
ID formate from formaldehyde (H(4)MPT route): step 4/5.
AC UER00704
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 N(5)-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + 1
DE methanofuran => 1 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + 1 N-
DE formylmethanofuran.
HP ULS00345; formate from formaldehyde (H(4)MPT route).
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.101.
DR KEGG; rn:R03390.
//
ID formate from formaldehyde (H(4)MPT route): step 5/5.
AC UER00705
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 N-formylmethanofuran => 1 formate + 1
DE methanofuran.
HP ULS00345; formate from formaldehyde (H(4)MPT route).
DR ENZYME; 1.2.99.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R08060.
//
ID uracil from cytosine: step 1/1.
AC UER00635
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 cytosine => 1 NH(3) + 1 uracil.
HP ULS00346; uracil from cytosine.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.4.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R00974.
//
ID dinitrogen from nitrate: step 1/4.
AC UER00706
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 nitrate + 1 reduced acceptor => 1 H(2)O + 1
DE acceptor + 1 nitrite.
HP ULS00347; dinitrogen from nitrate.
DR ENZYME; 1.7.99.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R00798.
//
ID dinitrogen from nitrate: step 2/4.
AC UER00707
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 ferrocytochrome c + 1 nitrite => 1 H(2)O
DE + 1 ferricytochrome c + 1 nitric oxide.
HP ULS00347; dinitrogen from nitrate.
DR ENZYME; 1.7.2.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R00783.
//
ID dinitrogen from nitrate: step 3/4.
AC UER00708
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 2 H(+) + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 nitric oxide => 1
DE H(2)O + 2 ferricytochrome c + 1 nitrous oxide.
HP ULS00347; dinitrogen from nitrate.
DR ENZYME; 1.7.99.7.
DR KEGG; rn:R00294.
//
ID dinitrogen from nitrate: step 4/4.
AC UER00709
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 2 ferrocytochrome c + 1 nitrous oxide => 1 H(2)O +
DE 2 cytochrome c + 1 dinitrogen.
HP ULS00347; dinitrogen from nitrate.
DR ENZYME; 1.7.99.6.
DR KEGG; rn:R02804.
//
ID acetyl-CoA from malonyl-CoA: step 1/1.
AC UER00710
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 malonyl-CoA => 1 CO(2) + 1 acetyl-CoA.
HP ULS00348; acetyl-CoA from malonyl-CoA.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.9.
DR KEGG; rn:R00233.
//
ID malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA: step 1/1.
AC UER00711
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 acetyl-CoA + 1 bicarbonate => 1 ADP + 1
DE malonyl-CoA + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00349; malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA.
DR ENZYME; 6.4.1.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R00742.
//
ID heme A from heme O: step 1/1.
AC UER00713
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 heme O => 1 heme A.
HP ULS00350; heme A from heme O.
DR KEGG; rn:R07412.
//
ID D-tagatose 6-phosphate from D-galactose 6-phosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00714
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-galactose 6-phosphate => 1 D-tagatose 6-
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00351; D-tagatose 6-phosphate from D-galactose 6-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 5.3.1.26.
DR KEGG; rn:R03240.
//
ID isocitrate from oxaloacetate: step 1/2.
AC UER00717
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 acetyl-CoA + 1 oxaloacetate => 1 CoA +
DE 1 citrate.
HP ULS00352; isocitrate from oxaloacetate.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.3.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R00351.
//
ID isocitrate from oxaloacetate: step 2/2.
AC UER00718
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 citrate => 1 isocitrate.
HP ULS00352; isocitrate from oxaloacetate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R01325.
DR KEGG; rn:R01900.
//
ID (S)-malate from isocitrate: step 1/2.
AC UER00719
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 isocitrate => 1 glyoxylate + 1 succinate.
HP ULS00353; (S)-malate from isocitrate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.3.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R00479.
//
ID (S)-malate from isocitrate: step 2/2.
AC UER00720
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 acetyl-CoA + 1 glyoxylate => 1 (S)-
DE malate + 1 CoA.
HP ULS00353; (S)-malate from isocitrate.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.3.9.
DR KEGG; rn:R00472.
//
ID oxaloacetate from (S)-malate: step 1/1.
AC UER00721
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-malate + 1 NAD(+) => 1 H(+) + 1 NADH + 1
DE oxaloacetate.
HP ULS00354; oxaloacetate from (S)-malate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.37.
DR KEGG; rn:R00342.
//
ID D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and glycerone phosphate from D-tagatose 6-phosphate: step 1/2.
AC UER00715
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 D-tagatose 6-phosphate => 1 ADP + 1 D-
DE tagatose 1,6-bisphosphate.
HP ULS00355; D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and glycerone phosphate from D-tagatose 6-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.144.
DR KEGG; rn:R03236.
//
ID D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and glycerone phosphate from D-tagatose 6-phosphate: step 2/2.
AC UER00716
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-tagatose 1,6-bisphosphate => 1 D-glyceraldehyde
DE 3-phosphate + 1 glycerone phosphate.
HP ULS00355; D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and glycerone phosphate from D-tagatose 6-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.2.40.
DR KEGG; rn:R01069.
//
ID phenylacetate from L-phenylalanine: step 1/3.
AC UER00722
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-phenylalanine => 1 2-phenylethylamine + 1
DE CO(2).
HP ULS00356; phenylacetate from L-phenylalanine.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.53.
DR KEGG; rn:R00699.
//
ID phenylacetate from L-phenylalanine: step 2/3.
AC UER00723
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-phenylethylamine + 1 H(2)O + 1 O(2) => 1
DE H(2)O(2) + 1 NH(3) + 1 phenylacetaldehyde.
HP ULS00356; phenylacetate from L-phenylalanine.
DR ENZYME; 1.4.3.21.
DR KEGG; rn:R02613.
//
ID phenylacetate from L-phenylalanine: step 3/3.
AC UER00724
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 NAD(+) + 1 phenylacetaldehyde => 1 H(+)
DE + 1 NADH + 1 phenylacetate.
HP ULS00356; phenylacetate from L-phenylalanine.
DR ENZYME; 1.2.1.39.
DR KEGG; rn:R02536.
//
ID trans-cinnamate from L-phenylalanine: step 1/1.
AC UER00725
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-phenylalanine => 1 NH(3) + 1 trans-cinnamate.
HP ULS00357; trans-cinnamate from L-phenylalanine.
DR ENZYME; 4.3.1.24.
DR PubMed; 17612622.
DR KEGG; rn:R00697.
//
ID kynurenate from L-kynurenine: step 1/2.
AC UER00726
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 L-kynurenine => 1 4-(2-
DE aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate + 1 L-glutamate.
HP ULS00358; kynurenate from L-kynurenine.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.7.
DR PubMed; 15364907.
DR KEGG; rn:R01956.
//
ID kynurenate from L-kynurenine: step 2/2.
AC UER00727
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate => 1 H(2)O +
DE 1 kynurenate.
HP ULS00358; kynurenate from L-kynurenine.
DR KEGG; rn:R03445.
//
ID 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate from phthalate: step 1/3.
AC UER00728
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 NADH + 1 O(2) + 1 phthalate => 1 NAD(+)
DE + 1 cis-4,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,6-diene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.
HP ULS00359; 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate from phthalate.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.12.7.
DR KEGG; rn:R03630.
//
ID 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate from phthalate: step 2/3.
AC UER00729
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 NAD(+) + 1 cis-4,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,6-diene-
DE 1,2-dicarboxylic acid => 1 4,5-dihydroxyphthalate + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00359; 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate from phthalate.
DR ENZYME; 1.3.1.64.
DR KEGG; rn:R05275.
//
ID 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate from phthalate: step 3/3.
AC UER00730
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4,5-dihydroxyphthalate => 1 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate
DE + 1 CO(2).
HP ULS00359; 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate from phthalate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.55.
DR KEGG; rn:R01635.
//
ID 1,3-diaminopropane from L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde: step 1/2.
AC UER00731
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + 1 L-glutamate => 1
DE 2-oxoglutarate + 1 L-2,4-diaminobutanoate.
HP ULS00360; 1,3-diaminopropane from L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.76.
DR KEGG; rn:R06977.
//
ID 1,3-diaminopropane from L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde: step 2/2.
AC UER00732
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-2,4-diaminobutanoate => 1 1,3-diaminopropane +
DE 1 CO(2).
HP ULS00360; 1,3-diaminopropane from L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.86.
DR KEGG; rn:R07650.
//
ID dopamine from L-tyrosine: step 1/2.
AC UER00733
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-tyrosine + 1 O(2) => 1 H(2)O + 1 L-dopa.
HP ULS00361; dopamine from L-tyrosine.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.18.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R00731.
//
ID dopamine from L-tyrosine: step 2/2.
AC UER00734
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-dopa => 1 CO(2) + 1 dopamine.
HP ULS00361; dopamine from L-tyrosine.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.28.
DR KEGG; rn:R02080.
//
ID (R)-noradrenaline from dopamine: step 1/1.
AC UER00735
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-ascorbate + 1 O(2) + 1 dopamine => 1 (R)-
DE noradrenaline + 1 H(2)O + 1 L-dehydroascorbate.
HP ULS00362; (R)-noradrenaline from dopamine.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.17.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R02535.
//
ID (R)-adrenaline from (R)-noradrenaline: step 1/1.
AC UER00736
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (R)-noradrenaline + 1 S-adenosyl-L-methionine =>
DE 1 (R)-adrenaline + 1 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.
HP ULS00363; (R)-adrenaline from (R)-noradrenaline.
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.28.
DR KEGG; rn:R02533.
//
ID phosphocholine from choline: step 1/1.
AC UER00737
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 choline => 1 ADP + 1 phosphocholine.
HP ULS00364; phosphocholine from choline.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.32.
DR KEGG; rn:R01021.
//
ID phosphocholine from phosphoethanolamine: step 1/1.
AC UER00738
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1 phosphoethanolamine
DE => 1 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1 phosphocholine.
HP ULS00365; phosphocholine from phosphoethanolamine.
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.103.
DR KEGG; rn:R02037.
DR KEGG; rn:R06868.
DR KEGG; rn:R06869.
//
ID phosphatidylcholine from phosphocholine: step 1/2.
AC UER00739
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 CTP + 1 phosphocholine => 1 CDP-choline + 1
DE diphosphate.
HP ULS00366; phosphatidylcholine from phosphocholine.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.7.15.
DR KEGG; rn:R01890.
//
ID phosphatidylcholine from phosphocholine: step 2/2.
AC UER00740
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + 1 CDP-choline => 1 CMP +
DE 1 phosphatidylcholine.
HP ULS00366; phosphatidylcholine from phosphocholine.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.8.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R01321.
//
ID phosphatidylethanolamine from ethanolamine: step 1/3.
AC UER00741
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 ethanolamine => 1 ADP + 1
DE phosphoethanolamine.
HP ULS00367; phosphatidylethanolamine from ethanolamine.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.82.
DR KEGG; rn:R01468.
//
ID phosphatidylethanolamine from ethanolamine: step 2/3.
AC UER00742
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 CTP + 1 phosphoethanolamine => 1 CDP-ethanolamine
DE + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00367; phosphatidylethanolamine from ethanolamine.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.7.14.
DR KEGG; rn:R02038.
//
ID phosphatidylethanolamine from ethanolamine: step 3/3.
AC UER00743
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + 1 CDP-ethanolamine => 1
DE CMP + 1 phosphatidylethanolamine.
HP ULS00367; phosphatidylethanolamine from ethanolamine.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.8.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R02057.
//
ID dhurrin from L-tyrosine: step 1/3.
AC UER00744
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 L-tyrosine + 1 NADPH + 1 O(2) => 1 (Z)-
DE (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde oxime + 1 CO(2) + 1 H(2)O + 1 NADP(+).
HP ULS00368; dhurrin from L-tyrosine.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.13.41.
DR KEGG; rn:R00730.
DR KEGG; rn:R04460.
DR KEGG; rn:R07190.
//
ID dhurrin from L-tyrosine: step 2/3.
AC UER00745
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (Z)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde oxime + 1 H(+)
DE + 1 NADPH + 1 O(2) => 1 (S)-4-hydroxymandelonitrile + 2 H(2)O + 1
DE NADP(+).
HP ULS00368; dhurrin from L-tyrosine.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.13.68.
DR KEGG; rn:R05728.
//
ID dhurrin from L-tyrosine: step 3/3.
AC UER00746
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-4-hydroxymandelonitrile + 1 UDP-alpha-D-
DE glucose => 1 UDP + 1 dhurrin.
HP ULS00368; dhurrin from L-tyrosine.
DR ENZYME; 2.4.1.85.
DR KEGG; rn:R04296.
//
ID AMP from 3',5'-cyclic AMP: step 1/1.
AC UER00747
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3',5'-cyclic AMP + 1 H(2)O => 1 AMP.
HP ULS00369; AMP from 3',5'-cyclic AMP.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.4.17.
DR KEGG; rn:R00191.
//
ID GMP from 3',5'-cyclic GMP: step 1/1.
AC UER00748
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3',5'-cyclic GMP + 1 H(2)O => 1 GMP.
HP ULS00370; GMP from 3',5'-cyclic GMP.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.4.35.
DR KEGG; rn:R01234.
//
ID 5-valerolactone from cyclopentanol: step 1/2.
AC UER00749
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 NAD(+) + 1 cyclopentanol => 1 H(+) + 1 NADH + 1
DE cyclopentanone.
HP ULS00371; 5-valerolactone from cyclopentanol.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.163.
DR KEGG; rn:R02553.
//
ID 5-valerolactone from cyclopentanol: step 2/2.
AC UER00750
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH + 1 O(2) + 1 cyclopentanone => 1
DE 5-valerolactone + 1 H(2)O + 1 NADP(+).
HP ULS00371; 5-valerolactone from cyclopentanol.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.13.16.
DR KEGG; rn:R02554.
//
ID lanosterol from farnesyl diphosphate: step 1/3.
AC UER00751
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH + 2 farnesyl diphosphate => 1
DE NADP(+) + 1 diphosphate + 1 squalene.
HP ULS00372; lanosterol from farnesyl diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.5.1.21.
DR PubMed; 11111077.
DR PubMed; 12137537.
DR PubMed; 10677224.
DR KEGG; rn:R00702.
DR KEGG; rn:R02872.
//
ID lanosterol from farnesyl diphosphate: step 2/3.
AC UER00752
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH + 1 O(2) + 1 squalene => 1 (S)-
DE 2,3-epoxysqualene + 1 H(2)O + 1 NADP(+).
HP ULS00372; lanosterol from farnesyl diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.99.7.
DR KEGG; rn:R02874.
//
ID lanosterol from farnesyl diphosphate: step 3/3.
AC UER00753
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene => 1 lanosterol.
HP ULS00372; lanosterol from farnesyl diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 5.4.99.7.
DR KEGG; rn:R03199.
//
ID zymosterol from lanosterol: step 1/6.
AC UER00754
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 3 H(+) + 3 NADPH + 3 O(2) + 1 lanosterol => 1 4,4-
DE dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3beta-ol + 4 H(2)O + 3 NADP(+)
DE + 1 formate.
HP ULS00373; zymosterol from lanosterol.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.13.70.
DR KEGG; rn:R05640.
//
ID zymosterol from lanosterol: step 2/6.
AC UER00755
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3beta-
DE ol + 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH => 1 14-demethyllanosterol + 1 NADP(+).
HP ULS00373; zymosterol from lanosterol.
DR ENZYME; 1.3.1.70.
DR KEGG; rn:R05639.
//
ID zymosterol from lanosterol: step 3/6.
AC UER00756
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 14-demethyllanosterol + 3 H(+) + 3 NADPH + 3 O(2)
DE => 1 4alpha-methylzymosterol-4-carboxylic acid + 4 H(2)O + 3 NADP(+).
HP ULS00373; zymosterol from lanosterol.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.13.72.
DR KEGG; rn:R07509.
//
ID zymosterol from lanosterol: step 4/6.
AC UER00757
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4alpha-methylzymosterol-4-carboxylic acid + 1
DE NADP(+) => 1 3-dehydro-4-methylzymosterol + 1 CO(2) + 1 H(+) + 1
DE NADPH.
HP ULS00373; zymosterol from lanosterol.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.170.
DR KEGG; rn:R07494.
//
ID zymosterol from lanosterol: step 5/6.
AC UER00758
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-dehydro-4-methylzymosterol + 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH
DE => 1 4-alpha-methylzymosterol + 1 NADP(+).
HP ULS00373; zymosterol from lanosterol.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.270.
DR KEGG; rn:R07495.
//
ID zymosterol from lanosterol: step 6/6.
AC UER00759
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-alpha-methylzymosterol => 1 zymosterol.
HP ULS00373; zymosterol from lanosterol.
DR KEGG; rn:R07496.
//
ID ergosterol from zymosterol: step 1/5.
AC UER00760
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1 zymosterol => 1 S-
DE adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1 fecosterol.
HP ULS00374; ergosterol from zymosterol.
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.41.
DR KEGG; rn:R04427.
//
ID ergosterol from zymosterol: step 2/5.
AC UER00761
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 fecosterol => 1 episterol.
HP ULS00374; ergosterol from zymosterol.
DR ENZYME; 5.-.-.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R07497.
//
ID ergosterol from zymosterol: step 3/5.
AC UER00762
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 NADP(+) + 1 episterol => 1 5,7,24(28)-
DE ergostatrienol + 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH.
HP ULS00374; ergosterol from zymosterol.
DR ENZYME; 1.3.3.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R07505.
//
ID ergosterol from zymosterol: step 4/5.
AC UER00763
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5,7,24(28)-ergostatrienol + 1 NADP(+) => 1 H(+) +
DE 1 NADPH + 1 ergosta-5,7,22,24(28)-tetraen-3beta-ol.
HP ULS00374; ergosterol from zymosterol.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.14.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R07506.
//
ID ergosterol from zymosterol: step 5/5.
AC UER00764
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH + 1 ergosta-5,7,22,24(28)-tetraen-
DE 3beta-ol => 1 NADP(+) + 1 ergosterol.
HP ULS00374; ergosterol from zymosterol.
DR ENZYME; 1.3.1.71.
DR KEGG; rn:R05641.
//
ID dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone from D-arabinose: step 1/2.
AC UER00765
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: D-arabinose + [NAD(+) or NADP(+)] => D-arabinono-
DE 1,4-lactone + H(+) + [NADH or NADPH].
HP ULS00375; dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone from D-arabinose.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.117.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.116.
DR KEGG; rn:R01574.
DR KEGG; rn:R01575.
//
ID dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone from D-arabinose: step 2/2.
AC UER00766
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + 1 O(2) => 1 H(2)O(2) +
DE 1 dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone.
HP ULS00375; dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone from D-arabinose.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.3.37.
DR KEGG; rn:R02715.
//
ID acetate from ethanol: step 1/2.
AC UER00767
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 NAD(+) + 1 ethanol => 1 H(+) + 1 NADH + 1
DE acetaldehyde.
HP ULS00376; acetate from ethanol.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R00754.
//
ID acetate from ethanol: step 2/2.
AC UER00768
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: H(2)O + acetaldehyde + [NAD(+) or NADP(+)] => H(+)
DE + acetate + [NADH or NADPH].
HP ULS00376; acetate from ethanol.
DR ENZYME; 1.2.1.3.
DR ENZYME; 1.2.1.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R00710.
DR KEGG; rn:R00711.
//
ID D-glucose 6-phosphate and lysine from fructoselysine: step 1/2.
AC UER00769
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 fructoselysine => 1 ADP + 1
DE fructoselysine 6-phosphate.
HP ULS00377; D-glucose 6-phosphate and lysine from fructoselysine.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.-.
DR PubMed; 12147680.
DR KEGG; rn:R08124.
//
ID D-glucose 6-phosphate and lysine from fructoselysine: step 2/2.
AC UER00770
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 fructoselysine 6-phosphate => 1 D-
DE glucose 6-phosphate + 1 lysine.
HP ULS00377; D-glucose 6-phosphate and lysine from fructoselysine.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.-.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R08125.
//
ID UDP-alpha-D-xylose from UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate: step 1/1.
AC UER00771
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate => 1 CO(2) + 1 UDP-alpha-
DE D-xylose.
HP ULS00378; UDP-alpha-D-xylose from UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.35.
DR KEGG; rn:R01384.
//
ID UDP-L-arabinose from UDP-alpha-D-xylose: step 1/1.
AC UER00772
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 UDP-alpha-D-xylose => 1 UDP-L-arabinose.
HP ULS00379; UDP-L-arabinose from UDP-alpha-D-xylose.
DR ENZYME; 5.1.3.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R01473.
//
ID all-trans-phytoene from geranylgeranyl diphosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00773
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate => 1 all-trans-
DE phytoene + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00380; all-trans-phytoene from geranylgeranyl diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.5.1.32.
DR KEGG; rn:R02065.
DR KEGG; rn:R07270.
//
ID capsanthin from antheraxanthin: step 1/1.
AC UER00774
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 antheraxanthin => 1 capsanthin.
HP ULS00381; capsanthin from antheraxanthin.
DR ENZYME; 5.3.99.8.
DR KEGG; rn:R07321.
//
ID capsorubin from violaxanthin: step 1/1.
AC UER00775
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 violaxanthin => 1 capsorubin.
HP ULS00382; capsorubin from violaxanthin.
DR ENZYME; 5.3.99.8.
DR KEGG; rn:R07320.
//
ID 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate and salicylate from dibenzofuran: step 1/3.
AC UER00776
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 NADH + 1 O(2) + 1 dibenzofuran => 1
DE NAD(+) + 1 biphenyl-2,2',3-triol.
HP ULS00383; 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate and salicylate from dibenzofuran.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.12.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R05434.
//
ID 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate and salicylate from dibenzofuran: step 2/3.
AC UER00777
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 O(2) + 1 biphenyl-2,2',3-triol => 1 2-hydroxy-6-
DE (2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-oxo-cis,cis-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid.
HP ULS00383; 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate and salicylate from dibenzofuran.
DR ENZYME; 1.13.11.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R05411.
//
ID 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate and salicylate from dibenzofuran: step 3/3.
AC UER00778
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-hydroxy-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-oxo-cis,cis-hexa-
DE 2,4-dienoic acid + 1 H(2)O => 1 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate + 1
DE salicylate.
HP ULS00383; 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate and salicylate from dibenzofuran.
DR ENZYME; 3.7.1.8.
DR KEGG; rn:R05360.
//
ID 2-hydroxymuconate and catechol from dibenzo-p-dioxin: step 1/3.
AC UER00779
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 NADH + 1 O(2) + 1 dibenzo-p-dioxin => 1
DE 2,2',3-trihydroxy-diphenyl ether + 1 NAD(+).
HP ULS00384; 2-hydroxymuconate and catechol from dibenzo-p-dioxin.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.12.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R05439.
//
ID 2-hydroxymuconate and catechol from dibenzo-p-dioxin: step 2/3.
AC UER00780
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2,2',3-trihydroxy-diphenyl ether + 1 O(2) => 1 2-
DE hydroxy-6-(2-hydroxyphenoxy)-6-oxo-cis,cis-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid.
HP ULS00384; 2-hydroxymuconate and catechol from dibenzo-p-dioxin.
DR ENZYME; 1.13.11.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R05413.
//
ID 2-hydroxymuconate and catechol from dibenzo-p-dioxin: step 3/3.
AC UER00781
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-hydroxy-6-(2-hydroxyphenoxy)-6-oxo-cis,cis-
DE hexa-2,4-dienoic acid + 1 H(2)O => 1 2-hydroxymuconate + 1 catechol.
HP ULS00384; 2-hydroxymuconate and catechol from dibenzo-p-dioxin.
DR ENZYME; 3.7.1.8.
DR KEGG; rn:R05361.
//
ID D-sorbitol 6-phosphate from D-sorbitol: step 1/1.
AC UER00782
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-sorbitol + 1 protein N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine
DE => 1 D-sorbitol 6-phosphate + 1 protein histidine.
HP ULS00385; D-sorbitol 6-phosphate from D-sorbitol.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.69.
DR KEGG; rn:R05820.
//
ID D-fructose 6-phosphate from D-sorbitol 6-phosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00783
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-sorbitol 6-phosphate + 1 NAD(+) => 1 D-fructose
DE 6-phosphate + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00386; D-fructose 6-phosphate from D-sorbitol 6-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.140.
DR KEGG; rn:R07133.
//
ID D-sorbitol from D-fructose and D-glucose: step 1/1.
AC UER00784
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-fructose + 1 D-glucose => 1 D-glucono-1,5-
DE lactone + 1 D-sorbitol.
HP ULS00387; D-sorbitol from D-fructose and D-glucose.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.99.28.
DR KEGG; rn:R00874.
//
ID D-gluconate from D-glucono-1,5-lactone: step 1/1.
AC UER00785
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-glucono-1,5-lactone + 1 H(2)O => 1 D-gluconate.
HP ULS00388; D-gluconate from D-glucono-1,5-lactone.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.1.17.
DR KEGG; rn:R01519.
//
ID histamine from L-histidine: step 1/1.
AC UER00786
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-histidine => 1 CO(2) + 1 histamine.
HP ULS00389; histamine from L-histidine.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.22.
DR KEGG; rn:R01167.
//
ID myo-inositol from D-glucose 6-phosphate: step 1/2.
AC UER00787
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-glucose 6-phosphate => 1 1D-myo-inositol 3-
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00390; myo-inositol from D-glucose 6-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 5.5.1.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R07324.
//
ID myo-inositol from D-glucose 6-phosphate: step 2/2.
AC UER00788
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + 1 H(2)O => 1 myo-
DE inositol + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00390; myo-inositol from D-glucose 6-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.3.25.
DR KEGG; rn:R01187.
//
ID trans-4-coumarate from trans-cinnamate: step 1/1.
AC UER00789
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH + 1 O(2) + 1 trans-cinnamate => 1
DE H(2)O + 1 NADP(+) + 1 trans-4-coumarate.
HP ULS00391; trans-4-coumarate from trans-cinnamate.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.13.11.
DR KEGG; rn:R02253.
//
ID nicotinate from nicotinamide: step 1/1.
AC UER00790
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 nicotinamide => 1 NH(3) + 1 nicotinate.
HP ULS00392; nicotinate from nicotinamide.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.1.19.
DR KEGG; rn:R01268.
//
ID heme O from protoheme: step 1/1.
AC UER00712
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 farnesyl diphosphate + 1 protoheme => 1
DE diphosphate + 1 heme O.
HP ULS00393; heme O from protoheme.
DR ENZYME; 2.5.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R07411.
//
ID 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate from 3-phenylpropanoate: step 1/2.
AC UER00792
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-phenylpropanoate + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH + 1 O(2) =>
DE 1 NAD(+) + 1 cis-3-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol.
HP ULS00395; 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate from 3-phenylpropanoate.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.12.19.
DR KEGG; rn:R06782.
//
ID 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate from 3-phenylpropanoate: step 2/2.
AC UER00793
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 NAD(+) + 1 cis-3-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-
DE cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol => 1 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate + 1
DE H(+) + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00395; 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate from 3-phenylpropanoate.
DR ENZYME; 1.3.1.n1.
DR KEGG; rn:R06784.
//
ID acetaldehyde and pyruvate from 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate: step 1/4.
AC UER00794
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate + 1 O(2) => 1
DE 2-hydroxy-6-oxonona-2,4-diene-1,9-dioate.
HP ULS00396; acetaldehyde and pyruvate from 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate.
DR ENZYME; 1.13.11.16.
DR KEGG; rn:R04376.
//
ID acetaldehyde and pyruvate from 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate: step 2/4.
AC UER00795
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-hydroxy-6-oxonona-2,4-diene-1,9-dioate + 1
DE H(2)O => 1 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate + 1 succinate.
HP ULS00396; acetaldehyde and pyruvate from 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate.
DR ENZYME; 3.7.1.n1.
DR KEGG; rn:R02603.
//
ID acetaldehyde and pyruvate from 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate: step 3/4.
AC UER00796
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate + 1 H(2)O => 1 4-
DE hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate.
HP ULS00396; acetaldehyde and pyruvate from 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.80.
DR KEGG; rn:R02601.
//
ID acetaldehyde and pyruvate from 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate: step 4/4.
AC UER00797
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate => 1 acetaldehyde + 1
DE pyruvate.
HP ULS00396; acetaldehyde and pyruvate from 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.3.39.
DR KEGG; rn:R00750.
//
ID serotonin from L-tryptophan: step 1/2.
AC UER00799
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-tryptophan + 1 O(2) + 1 tetrahydrobiopterin =>
DE 1 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + 1 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan.
HP ULS00398; serotonin from L-tryptophan.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.16.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R07213.
//
ID serotonin from L-tryptophan: step 2/2.
AC UER00814
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan => 1 CO(2) + 1 serotonin.
HP ULS00398; serotonin from L-tryptophan.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.28.
DR KEGG; rn:R02701.
//
ID 2-hydroxy-3-oxosuccinate from L-tartrate: step 1/1.
AC UER00800
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-tartrate + 1 NAD(+) => 1 2-hydroxy-3-
DE oxosuccinate + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00399; 2-hydroxy-3-oxosuccinate from L-tartrate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.93.
DR KEGG; rn:R06180.
//
ID 2-hydroxy-3-oxosuccinate from meso-tartrate: step 1/1.
AC UER00801
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 NAD(+) + 1 meso-tartrate => 1 2-hydroxy-3-
DE oxosuccinate + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00400; 2-hydroxy-3-oxosuccinate from meso-tartrate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.93.
DR KEGG; rn:R02545.
//
ID D-glycerate from 2-hydroxy-3-oxosuccinate: step 1/1.
AC UER00802
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 2-hydroxy-3-oxosuccinate + H(+) + [NADH or NADPH]
DE => CO(2) + D-glycerate + [NAD(+) or NADP(+)].
HP ULS00401; D-glycerate from 2-hydroxy-3-oxosuccinate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.92.
DR KEGG; rn:R01749.
DR KEGG; rn:R01750.
//
ID D-glycerate from L-tartrate: step 1/1.
AC UER00803
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-tartrate => 1 CO(2) + 1 D-glycerate.
HP ULS00402; D-glycerate from L-tartrate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.73.
DR KEGG; rn:R01751.
//
ID 3-hydroxypyruvate from D-glycerate: step 1/1.
AC UER00804
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: D-glycerate + [NAD(+) or NADP(+)] => 3-
DE hydroxypyruvate + H(+) + [NADH or NADPH].
HP ULS00403; 3-hydroxypyruvate from D-glycerate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.29.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.81.
DR KEGG; rn:R01388.
DR KEGG; rn:R01392.
//
ID 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine and 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole from thiamine: step 1/1.
AC UER00805
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 thiamine => 1 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-
DE 2-methylpyrimidine + 1 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole + 1 H(+).
HP ULS00404; 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine and 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole from thiamine.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.99.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R02133.
//
ID taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol from geranylgeranyl diphosphate: step 1/2.
AC UER00806
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 geranylgeranyl diphosphate => 1 diphosphate + 1
DE taxa-4,11-diene.
HP ULS00405; taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol from geranylgeranyl diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.3.17.
DR PubMed; 8608134.
DR PubMed; 10864451.
DR KEGG; rn:R06305.
//
ID taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol from geranylgeranyl diphosphate: step 2/2.
AC UER00807
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 O(2) + 1 reduced acceptor + 1 taxa-4,11-diene =>
DE 1 H(2)O + 1 acceptor + 1 taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol.
HP ULS00405; taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol from geranylgeranyl diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.99.37.
DR PubMed; 15123267.
DR KEGG; rn:R06306.
//
ID 10-deacetyl-2-debenzoylbaccatin III from taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol: step 1/3.
AC UER00808
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 acetyl-CoA + 1 taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol => 1
DE CoA + 1 taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl acetate.
HP ULS00406; 10-deacetyl-2-debenzoylbaccatin III from taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.162.
DR PubMed; 10666320.
DR PubMed; 15369823.
DR KEGG; rn:R06307.
//
ID 10-deacetyl-2-debenzoylbaccatin III from taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol: step 2/3.
AC UER00809
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH + 1 O(2) + 1 taxa-4(20),11-dien-
DE 5alpha-yl acetate => 1 10beta-hydroxytaxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl
DE acetate + 1 H(2)O + 1 NADP(+).
HP ULS00406; 10-deacetyl-2-debenzoylbaccatin III from taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.13.76.
DR PubMed; 11171980.
DR KEGG; rn:R06309.
//
ID 10-deacetyl-2-debenzoylbaccatin III from taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol: step 3/3.
AC UER00817
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 10beta-hydroxytaxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl
DE acetate => 1 10-deacetyl-2-debenzoylbaccatin III.
HP ULS00406; 10-deacetyl-2-debenzoylbaccatin III from taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol.
DR KEGG; rn:R06319.
//
ID baccatin III from 10-deacetyl-2-debenzoylbaccatin III: step 1/2.
AC UER00810
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 10-deacetyl-2-debenzoylbaccatin III + 1 benzoyl-
DE CoA => 1 10-deacetylbaccatin III + 1 CoA.
HP ULS00407; baccatin III from 10-deacetyl-2-debenzoylbaccatin III.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.166.
DR PubMed; 11095755.
DR KEGG; rn:R06310.
//
ID baccatin III from 10-deacetyl-2-debenzoylbaccatin III: step 2/2.
AC UER00811
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 10-deacetylbaccatin III + 1 acetyl-CoA => 1 CoA +
DE 1 baccatin III.
HP ULS00407; baccatin III from 10-deacetyl-2-debenzoylbaccatin III.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.167.
DR PubMed; 17094009.
DR PubMed; 10639122.
DR KEGG; rn:R06311.
//
ID taxol from baccatin III: step 1/3.
AC UER00812
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 baccatin III + 1 beta-phenylalanoyl-CoA => 1 CoA
DE + 1 N-(3'R)-debenzoyl-2'-deoxytaxol.
HP ULS00408; taxol from baccatin III.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.2.-.
DR PubMed; 16137660.
DR PubMed; 12232048.
DR PubMed; 12089320.
DR KEGG; rn:R08172.
//
ID taxol from baccatin III: step 2/3.
AC UER00813
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 N-(3'R)-debenzoyl-2'-deoxytaxol + 1 O(2) + 1
DE reduced acceptor => 1 3'-N-debenzoyltaxol + 1 H(2)O + 1 acceptor.
HP ULS00408; taxol from baccatin III.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.-.-.
DR PubMed; 12089320.
DR KEGG; rn:R08173.
//
ID taxol from baccatin III: step 3/3.
AC UER00053
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3'-N-debenzoyltaxol + 1 benzoyl-CoA => 1 CoA + 1
DE taxol.
HP ULS00408; taxol from baccatin III.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.-.
DR PubMed; 12089320.
DR KEGG; rn:R08171.
//
ID melatonin from serotonin: step 1/2.
AC UER00815
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 acetyl-CoA + 1 serotonin => 1 CoA + 1 N-
DE acetylserotonin.
HP ULS00409; melatonin from serotonin.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.87.
DR KEGG; rn:R02911.
//
ID melatonin from serotonin: step 2/2.
AC UER00816
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 N-acetylserotonin + 1 S-adenosyl-L-methionine =>
DE 1 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 1 melatonin.
HP ULS00409; melatonin from serotonin.
DR ENZYME; 2.1.1.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R03130.
//
ID 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate from GTP: step 1/1.
AC UER00151
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 GTP + 1 H(2)O => 1 7,8-dihydroneopterin
DE triphosphate + 1 formate.
HP ULS00410; 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate from GTP.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.4.16.
DR PubMed; 17032654.
DR PubMed; 16169877.
DR PubMed; 12559918.
DR KEGG; rn:R00428.
DR KEGG; rn:R04639.
DR KEGG; rn:R05046.
DR KEGG; rn:R05048.
//
ID 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate from 7,8-dihydrofolate: step 1/1.
AC UER00158
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 7,8-dihydrofolate + 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH => 1
DE 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + 1 NADP(+).
HP ULS00411; 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate from 7,8-dihydrofolate.
DR ENZYME; 1.5.1.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R00939.
//
ID 7,8-dihydrofolate from folate: step 1/1.
AC UER00818
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH + 1 folate => 1 7,8-dihydrofolate
DE + 1 NADP(+).
HP ULS00412; 7,8-dihydrofolate from folate.
DR ENZYME; 1.5.1.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R02236.
//
ID tetrahydrobiopterin from 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate: step 1/3.
AC UER00819
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate => 1 6-
DE pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin + 1 triphosphate.
HP ULS00413; tetrahydrobiopterin from 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.3.12.
DR PubMed; 10024455.
DR KEGG; rn:R04286.
//
ID tetrahydrobiopterin from 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate: step 2/3.
AC UER00820
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin + 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH =>
DE 1 6-lactoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + 1 NADP(+).
HP ULS00413; tetrahydrobiopterin from 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.153.
DR PubMed; 9405351.
DR PubMed; 16527408.
DR PubMed; 16510994.
DR KEGG; rn:R04285.
//
ID tetrahydrobiopterin from 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate: step 3/3.
AC UER00821
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 6-lactoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + 1 H(+) + 1
DE NADPH => 1 NADP(+) + 1 tetrahydrobiopterin.
HP ULS00413; tetrahydrobiopterin from 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.153.
DR PubMed; 9405351.
DR PubMed; 16527408.
DR PubMed; 16510994.
DR KEGG; rn:R01813.
//
ID tetrahydrobiopterin from biopterin: step 1/1.
AC UER00822
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH + 1 biopterin => 2 NADP(+) + 1
DE tetrahydrobiopterin.
HP ULS00414; tetrahydrobiopterin from biopterin.
DR ENZYME; 1.5.1.33.
DR PubMed; 16055151.
DR PubMed; 11373620.
DR KEGG; rn:R01812.
//
ID 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate from pectin: step 1/5.
AC UER00823
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: n H(2)O + 1 pectin => n methanol + 1 pectate.
HP ULS00415; 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate from pectin.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.1.11.
DR KEGG; rn:R02362.
//
ID 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate from pectin: step 2/5.
AC UER00824
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 pectate => 1 4-(4-deoxy-alpha-D-gluc-4-
DE enosyluronic acid)-D-galacturonic acid + 1 pectate(n-2).
HP ULS00415; 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate from pectin.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.2.2.
//
ID 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate from pectin: step 3/5.
AC UER00825
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-(4-deoxy-alpha-D-gluc-4-enosyluronic acid)-D-
DE galacturonic acid => 2 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronic acid.
HP ULS00415; 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate from pectin.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.2.6.
DR KEGG; rn:R04382.
//
ID 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate from pectin: step 4/5.
AC UER00826
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronic acid => 1 3-deoxy-
DE D-glycero-hexo-2,5-diulosonate.
HP ULS00415; 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate from pectin.
DR ENZYME; 5.3.1.17.
DR KEGG; rn:R04383.
//
ID 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate from pectin: step 5/5.
AC UER00827
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-deoxy-D-glycero-hexo-2,5-diulosonate + 1 H(+) +
DE 1 NADH => 1 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + 1 NAD(+).
HP ULS00415; 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate from pectin.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.127.
DR KEGG; rn:R01542.
//
ID D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate from 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate: step 1/2.
AC UER00828
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + 1 ATP => 1 2-
DE dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phospho-D-gluconic acid + 1 ADP.
HP ULS00416; D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate from 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.45.
DR KEGG; rn:R01541.
//
ID D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate from 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate: step 2/2.
AC UER00829
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phospho-D-gluconic acid => 1
DE D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + 1 pyruvate.
HP ULS00416; D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate from 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.2.14.
DR KEGG; rn:R05605.
//
ID 3-phospho-D-glycerate from glycolate: step 1/4.
AC UER00830
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 acceptor + 1 glycolate => 1 glyoxylate + 1
DE reduced acceptor.
HP ULS00417; 3-phospho-D-glycerate from glycolate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.3.15.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.99.14.
DR KEGG; rn:R00476.
//
ID 3-phospho-D-glycerate from glycolate: step 2/4.
AC UER00831
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 2 glyoxylate => 1 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + 1
DE CO(2).
HP ULS00417; 3-phospho-D-glycerate from glycolate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.47.
DR KEGG; rn:R00013.
//
ID 3-phospho-D-glycerate from glycolate: step 3/4.
AC UER00832
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + H(+) + [NADH or NADPH]
DE => D-glycerate + [NAD(+) or NADP(+)].
HP ULS00417; 3-phospho-D-glycerate from glycolate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.60.
DR KEGG; rn:R01745.
DR KEGG; rn:R01747.
//
ID 3-phospho-D-glycerate from glycolate: step 4/4.
AC UER00833
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 D-glycerate => 1 3-phospho-D-glycerate +
DE 1 ADP.
HP ULS00417; 3-phospho-D-glycerate from glycolate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.31.
DR KEGG; rn:R01514.
//
ID glycolate from 2-phosphoglycolate: step 1/1.
AC UER00834
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-phosphoglycolate + 1 H(2)O => 1 glycolate + 1
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00418; glycolate from 2-phosphoglycolate.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.3.18.
DR KEGG; rn:R01334.
//
ID glutaryl-CoA from L-lysine: step 1/6.
AC UER00835
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 H(+) + 1 L-lysine + 1 NADPH =>
DE 1 H(2)O + 1 NADP(+) + 1 saccharopine.
HP ULS00419; glutaryl-CoA from L-lysine.
DR ENZYME; 1.5.1.8.
DR KEGG; rn:R00716.
//
ID glutaryl-CoA from L-lysine: step 2/6.
AC UER00836
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 NAD(+) + 1 saccharopine => 1 H(+) + 1
DE L-2-aminoadipate 6-semialdahyde + 1 L-glutamate + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00419; glutaryl-CoA from L-lysine.
DR ENZYME; 1.5.1.9.
DR KEGG; rn:R02313.
//
ID glutaryl-CoA from L-lysine: step 3/6.
AC UER00837
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: H(2)O + L-2-aminoadipate 6-semialdahyde + [NAD(+)
DE or NADP(+)] => H(+) + L-alpha-aminoadipate + [NADH or NADPH].
HP ULS00419; glutaryl-CoA from L-lysine.
DR ENZYME; 1.2.1.31.
DR KEGG; rn:R03102.
DR KEGG; rn:R03103.
//
ID glutaryl-CoA from L-lysine: step 4/6.
AC UER00838
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 L-alpha-aminoadipate => 1 2-
DE oxoadipate + 1 L-glutamate.
HP ULS00419; glutaryl-CoA from L-lysine.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.39.
DR PubMed; 12126930.
DR PubMed; 7493966.
DR KEGG; rn:R01939.
//
ID glutaryl-CoA from L-lysine: step 5/6.
AC UER00839
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-oxoadipate + 1 Enzyme N6-(lipoyl)lysine => 1
DE CO(2) + 1 S(8)-glutaryldihydrolipoamide.
HP ULS00419; glutaryl-CoA from L-lysine.
DR ENZYME; 1.2.4.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R01940.
//
ID glutaryl-CoA from L-lysine: step 6/6.
AC UER00840
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 CoA + 1 S(8)-glutaryldihydrolipoamide => 1 Enzyme
DE N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine + 1 glutaryl-CoA.
HP ULS00419; glutaryl-CoA from L-lysine.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.61.
DR KEGG; rn:R02571.
//
ID glutarate from L-lysine: step 1/6.
AC UER00841
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-lysine + 1 acetyl phosphate => 1 N(6)-acetyl-L-
DE lysine + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00420; glutarate from L-lysine.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.32.
DR KEGG; rn:R01620.
//
ID glutarate from L-lysine: step 2/6.
AC UER00842
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 N(6)-acetyl-L-lysine => 1 6-
DE acetamido-2-oxohexanoate + 1 L-glutamate.
HP ULS00420; glutarate from L-lysine.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R04029.
//
ID glutarate from L-lysine: step 3/6.
AC UER00843
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 6-acetamido-2-oxohexanoate + 1 H(2)O + 1 NAD(+)
DE => 1 5-acetamidopentanoate + 1 CO(2) + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00420; glutarate from L-lysine.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R04142.
//
ID glutarate from L-lysine: step 4/6.
AC UER00844
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-acetamidopentanoate + 1 H(2)O => 1 5-
DE aminopentanoate + 1 acetate.
HP ULS00420; glutarate from L-lysine.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.1.63.
DR KEGG; rn:R02276.
//
ID glutarate from L-lysine: step 5/6.
AC UER00845
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 5-aminopentanoate => 1 5-
DE oxopentanoate + 1 L-glutamate.
HP ULS00420; glutarate from L-lysine.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.48.
DR KEGG; rn:R02274.
//
ID glutarate from L-lysine: step 6/6.
AC UER00846
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-oxopentanoate + 1 H(2)O + 1 NAD(+) => 1 H(+) +
DE 1 NADH + 1 glutarate.
HP ULS00420; glutarate from L-lysine.
DR ENZYME; 1.2.1.20.
DR KEGG; rn:R02401.
//
ID 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one from indoleglycerol phosphate: step 1/5.
AC UER00847
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 indoleglycerol phosphate => 1 D-glyceraldehyde 3-
DE phosphate + 1 indole.
HP ULS00421; 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one from indoleglycerol phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.2.8.
DR KEGG; rn:R02340.
//
ID 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one from indoleglycerol phosphate: step 2/5.
AC UER00848
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH + 1 O(2) + 1 indole => 1 H(2)O + 1
DE NADP(+) + 1 indolin-2-one.
HP ULS00421; 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one from indoleglycerol phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.-.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R07403.
//
ID 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one from indoleglycerol phosphate: step 3/5.
AC UER00849
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH + 1 O(2) + 1 indolin-2-one => 1 3-
DE hydroxyindolin-2-one + 1 H(2)O + 1 NADP(+).
HP ULS00421; 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one from indoleglycerol phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.-.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R07421.
//
ID 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one from indoleglycerol phosphate: step 4/5.
AC UER00850
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one + 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH + 1
DE O(2) => 1 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one + 1 H(2)O + 1 NADP(+).
HP ULS00421; 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one from indoleglycerol phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.-.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R07422.
//
ID 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one from indoleglycerol phosphate: step 5/5.
AC UER00851
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one + 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH
DE + 1 O(2) => 1 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one + 1 H(2)O + 1
DE NADP(+).
HP ULS00421; 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one from indoleglycerol phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.-.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R07423.
//
ID benzoate from (R)-mandelate: step 1/4.
AC UER00852
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (R)-mandelate => 1 (S)-mandelate.
HP ULS00422; benzoate from (R)-mandelate.
DR ENZYME; 5.1.2.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R03791.
//
ID benzoate from (R)-mandelate: step 2/4.
AC UER00853
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-mandelate + 1 acceptor => 1 phenylglyoxylate
DE + 1 reduced acceptor.
HP ULS00422; benzoate from (R)-mandelate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.99.31.
DR KEGG; rn:R03793.
//
ID benzoate from (R)-mandelate: step 3/4.
AC UER00854
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 phenylglyoxylate => 1 CO(2) + 1 benzaldehyde.
HP ULS00422; benzoate from (R)-mandelate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.7.
DR KEGG; rn:R01764.
//
ID benzoate from (R)-mandelate: step 4/4.
AC UER00855
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: H(2)O + benzaldehyde + [NAD(+) or NADP(+)] => H(+)
DE + benzoate + [NADH or NADPH].
HP ULS00422; benzoate from (R)-mandelate.
DR ENZYME; 1.2.1.28.
DR ENZYME; 1.2.1.7.
DR KEGG; rn:R01419.
DR KEGG; rn:R01420.
//
ID tetrahydrobiopterin from dihydrobiopterin: step 1/1.
AC UER00856
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: H(+) + dihydrobiopterin + [NADH or NADPH] =>
DE tetrahydrobiopterin + [NAD(+) or NADP(+)].
HP ULS00423; tetrahydrobiopterin from dihydrobiopterin.
DR ENZYME; 1.5.1.34.
DR KEGG; rn:R01793.
DR KEGG; rn:R01794.
//
ID 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate from L-leucine (aminotransferase route): step 1/1.
AC UER00857
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 L-leucine => 1 4-methyl-2-
DE oxopentanoate + 1 L-glutamate.
HP ULS00424; 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate from L-leucine (aminotransferase route).
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.42.
DR KEGG; rn:R01090.
//
ID 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate from L-leucine (dehydrogenase route): step 1/1.
AC UER00858
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 L-leucine + 1 NAD(+) => 1 4-methyl-2-
DE oxopentanoate + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH + 1 NH(3).
HP ULS00425; 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate from L-leucine (dehydrogenase route).
DR ENZYME; 1.4.1.9.
DR KEGG; rn:R01088.
//
ID 3-isovaleryl-CoA from 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate: step 1/1.
AC UER00859
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + 1 CoA + 1 NAD(+) => 1
DE 3-isovaleryl-CoA + 1 CO(2) + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00426; 3-isovaleryl-CoA from 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate.
DR ENZYME; 1.2.1.25.
DR KEGG; rn:R01651.
//
ID (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA from 3-isovaleryl-CoA: step 1/3.
AC UER00860
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-isovaleryl-CoA + 1 FAD => 1 3-methylcrotonyl-
DE CoA + 1 FADH2.
HP ULS00427; (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA from 3-isovaleryl-CoA.
DR ENZYME; 1.3.99.10.
DR PubMed; 10380813.
DR PubMed; 11231285.
DR KEGG; rn:R04095.
//
ID (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA from 3-isovaleryl-CoA: step 2/3.
AC UER00861
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA + 1 ATP + 1 bicarbonate => 1
DE 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA + 1 ADP + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00427; (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA from 3-isovaleryl-CoA.
DR ENZYME; 6.4.1.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R04138.
//
ID (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA from 3-isovaleryl-CoA: step 3/3.
AC UER00862
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA + 1 H(2)O => 1 (S)-3-
DE hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA.
HP ULS00427; (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA from 3-isovaleryl-CoA.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.18.
DR KEGG; rn:R02085.
//
ID (1S,4R)-1-hydroxylimonen-2-one from (4R)-limonene: step 1/3.
AC UER00864
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (4R)-limonene + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH + 1 O(2) => 1
DE (4R)-limonene 1,2-epoxide + 1 H(2)O + 1 NAD(+).
HP ULS00428; (1S,4R)-1-hydroxylimonen-2-one from (4R)-limonene.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.13.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R06398.
//
ID (1S,4R)-1-hydroxylimonen-2-one from (4R)-limonene: step 2/3.
AC UER00865
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (4R)-limonene 1,2-epoxide + 1 H(2)O => 1
DE (1S,2S,4R)-limonene-1,2-diol.
HP ULS00428; (1S,4R)-1-hydroxylimonen-2-one from (4R)-limonene.
DR ENZYME; 3.3.2.8.
DR KEGG; rn:R05784.
//
ID (1S,4R)-1-hydroxylimonen-2-one from (4R)-limonene: step 3/3.
AC UER00866
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (1S,2S,4R)-limonene-1,2-diol + 1 NAD(+) => 1
DE (1S,4R)-1-hydroxylimonen-2-one + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00428; (1S,4R)-1-hydroxylimonen-2-one from (4R)-limonene.
DR KEGG; rn:R06399.
//
ID (1R,4S)-isodihydrocarvone from (4R)-limonene: step 1/3.
AC UER00867
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (4R)-limonene + 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH + 1 O(2) => 1
DE (4S,6R)-trans-carveol + 1 H(2)O + 1 NADP(+).
HP ULS00429; (1R,4S)-isodihydrocarvone from (4R)-limonene.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.13.80.
DR KEGG; rn:R06119.
//
ID (1R,4S)-isodihydrocarvone from (4R)-limonene: step 2/3.
AC UER00868
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (4S,6R)-trans-carveol + 1 NAD(+) => 1 (S)-carvone
DE + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00429; (1R,4S)-isodihydrocarvone from (4R)-limonene.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.275.
DR KEGG; rn:R06117.
//
ID (1R,4S)-isodihydrocarvone from (4R)-limonene: step 3/3.
AC UER00869
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-carvone + 1 reduced acceptor => 1 (1R,4S)-
DE isodihydrocarvone + 1 acceptor.
HP ULS00429; (1R,4S)-isodihydrocarvone from (4R)-limonene.
DR ENZYME; 1.3.-.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R06372.
//
ID formaldehyde from methylamine: step 1/1.
AC UER00870
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 acceptor + 1 methylamine => 1 NH(3) + 1
DE formaldehyde + 1 reduced acceptor.
HP ULS00430; formaldehyde from methylamine.
DR ENZYME; 1.4.99.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R00606.
//
ID acetoacetate from (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA: step 1/1.
AC UER00863
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA => 1
DE acetoacetate + 1 acetyl-CoA.
HP ULS00431; acetoacetate from (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.3.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R01360.
//
ID S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate from S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine (hydrolase route): step 1/2.
AC UER00871
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine => 1 5-
DE methylthio-alpha-D-ribose + 1 adenine.
HP ULS00432; S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate from S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine (hydrolase route).
DR ENZYME; 3.2.2.9.
DR ENZYME; 3.2.2.16.
DR KEGG; rn:R01401.
//
ID S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate from S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine (hydrolase route): step 2/2.
AC UER00872
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-methylthio-alpha-D-ribose + 1 ATP => 1 ADP + 1
DE S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
HP ULS00432; S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate from S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine (hydrolase route).
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.100.
DR KEGG; rn:R04143.
//
ID S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate from S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine (phosphorylase route): step 1/1.
AC UER00873
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + 1 phosphate => 1 S-
DE methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate + 1 adenine.
HP ULS00433; S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate from S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine (phosphorylase route).
DR ENZYME; 2.4.2.28.
DR KEGG; rn:R01402.
//
ID L-methionine from S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate: step 1/6.
AC UER00874
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate => 1
DE S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate.
HP ULS00434; L-methionine from S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 5.3.1.23.
DR KEGG; rn:R04420.
//
ID L-methionine from S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate: step 2/6.
AC UER00875
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate => 1 5-
DE (methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate + 1 H(2)O.
HP ULS00434; L-methionine from S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.109.
DR PubMed; 11371200.
DR KEGG; rn:R07392.
//
ID L-methionine from S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate: step 3/6.
AC UER00876
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate => 1 2-
DE hydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)-3-oxopent-1-enyl phosphate.
HP ULS00434; L-methionine from S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 5.3.2.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R07393.
//
ID L-methionine from S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate: step 4/6.
AC UER00877
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-hydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)-3-oxopent-1-enyl
DE phosphate + 1 H(2)O => 1 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one +
DE 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00434; L-methionine from S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.3.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R07394.
//
ID L-methionine from S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate: step 5/6.
AC UER00878
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + 1
DE O(2) => 1 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate + 1 formate.
HP ULS00434; L-methionine from S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 1.13.11.54.
DR KEGG; rn:R07364.
//
ID L-methionine from S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate: step 6/6.
AC UER00879
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate + 1 L-glutamate => 1
DE 2-oxoglutarate + 1 L-methionine.
HP ULS00434; L-methionine from S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R07396.
//
ID 4-aminobutanoate from putrescine: step 1/4.
AC UER00880
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 L-glutamate + 1 putrescine => 1 ADP + 1
DE gamma-L-glutamylputrescine + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00435; 4-aminobutanoate from putrescine.
DR ENZYME; 6.3.1.11.
DR KEGG; rn:R07414.
//
ID 4-aminobutanoate from putrescine: step 2/4.
AC UER00881
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 O(2) + 1 gamma-L-glutamylputrescine =>
DE 1 H(2)O(2) + 1 NH(3) + 1 gamma-glutamyl-4-aminobutanal.
HP ULS00435; 4-aminobutanoate from putrescine.
DR ENZYME; 1.4.3.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R07415.
//
ID 4-aminobutanoate from putrescine: step 3/4.
AC UER00882
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: H(2)O + gamma-glutamyl-4-aminobutanal + [NAD(+) or
DE NADP(+)] => 4-(L-gamma-glutamylamino)butanoic acid + H(+) + [NADH or
DE NADPH].
HP ULS00435; 4-aminobutanoate from putrescine.
DR ENZYME; 1.2.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R07417.
DR KEGG; rn:R07418.
//
ID 4-aminobutanoate from putrescine: step 4/4.
AC UER00883
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-(L-gamma-glutamylamino)butanoic acid + 1 H(2)O
DE => 1 4-aminobutanoate + 1 L-glutamate.
HP ULS00435; 4-aminobutanoate from putrescine.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.1.94.
DR KEGG; rn:R07419.
//
ID ppGpp from GTP: step 1/2.
AC UER00884
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 GTP => 1 AMP + 1 guanosine 3'-diphosphate
DE 5'-triphosphate.
HP ULS00436; ppGpp from GTP.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.6.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R00429.
//
ID ppGpp from GTP: step 2/2.
AC UER00885
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-
DE triphosphate => 1 phosphate + 1 ppGpp.
HP ULS00436; ppGpp from GTP.
DR ENZYME; 3.6.1.40.
DR KEGG; rn:R03409.
//
ID ppGpp from GDP: step 1/1.
AC UER00886
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 GDP + 1 diphosphate => 1 H(2)O + 1 ppGpp.
HP ULS00437; ppGpp from GDP.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.7.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R00336.
//
ID GMP from guanine: step 1/1.
AC UER00887
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + 1
DE guanine => 1 GMP + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00438; GMP from guanine.
DR ENZYME; 2.4.2.8.
DR KEGG; rn:R01229.
//
ID D-ribose 5-phosphate from beta-D-ribopyranose: step 1/2.
AC UER00888
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 beta-D-ribopyranose => 1 D-ribose.
HP ULS00439; D-ribose 5-phosphate from beta-D-ribopyranose.
DR ENZYME; 5.4.99.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R08247.
//
ID D-ribose 5-phosphate from beta-D-ribopyranose: step 2/2.
AC UER00889
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 D-ribose => 1 ADP + 1 D-ribose 5-
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00439; D-ribose 5-phosphate from beta-D-ribopyranose.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.15.
DR KEGG; rn:R01051.
//
ID nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide from 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate and nicotinamide: step 1/1.
AC UER00890
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + 1
DE nicotinamide => 1 diphosphate + 1 nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide.
HP ULS00440; nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide from 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate and nicotinamide.
DR ENZYME; 2.4.2.12.
DR KEGG; rn:R01271.
//
ID formate from pyruvate: step 1/1.
AC UER00891
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 CoA + 1 pyruvate => 1 acetyl-CoA + 1 formate.
HP ULS00441; formate from pyruvate.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.54.
DR KEGG; rn:R00212.
//
ID stachyose from raffinose: step 1/1.
AC UER00892
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol + 1 raffinose
DE => 1 myo-inositol + 1 stachyose.
HP ULS00442; stachyose from raffinose.
DR ENZYME; 2.4.1.67.
DR KEGG; rn:R03418.
//
ID formaldehyde from methanol: step 1/1.
AC UER00893
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 NAD(+) + 1 methanol => 1 H(+) + 1 NADH + 1
DE formaldehyde.
HP ULS00443; formaldehyde from methanol.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.244.
DR KEGG; rn:R00605.
//
ID acetoacetyl-CoA from succinyl-CoA: step 1/1.
AC UER00894
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 acetoacetate + 1 succinyl-CoA => 1 acetoacetyl-
DE CoA + 1 succinate.
HP ULS00444; acetoacetyl-CoA from succinyl-CoA.
DR ENZYME; 2.8.3.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R00410.
//
ID L-seryl-tRNA(Sec) from L-serine and tRNA(Sec): step 1/1.
AC UER00895
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 L-serine + 1 tRNA(Sec) => 1 AMP + 1 L-
DE seryl-tRNA(Sec) + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00445; L-seryl-tRNA(Sec) from L-serine and tRNA(Sec).
DR ENZYME; 6.1.1.11.
DR KEGG; rn:R08218.
//
ID selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) from L-seryl-tRNA(Sec) (archaeal/eukaryal route): step 1/2.
AC UER00897
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 L-seryl-tRNA(Sec) => 1 ADP + 1 O-
DE phosphoseryl-tRNA(Sec).
HP ULS00446; selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) from L-seryl-tRNA(Sec) (archaeal/eukaryal route).
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R08223.
//
ID selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) from L-seryl-tRNA(Sec) (archaeal/eukaryal route): step 2/2.
AC UER00898
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 O-phosphoseryl-tRNA(Sec) + 1
DE selenophosphate => 2 phosphate + 1 selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec).
HP ULS00446; selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) from L-seryl-tRNA(Sec) (archaeal/eukaryal route).
DR ENZYME; 2.9.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R08224.
//
ID selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) from L-seryl-tRNA(Sec) (bacterial route): step 1/1.
AC UER00896
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-seryl-tRNA(Sec) + 1 selenophosphate => 1
DE phosphate + 1 selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec).
HP ULS00447; selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) from L-seryl-tRNA(Sec) (bacterial route).
DR ENZYME; 2.9.1.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R08219.
//
ID 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide from 5-[(5-phospho-1-deoxyribulos-1-ylamino)methylideneamino]-1-(5-phosphoribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide: step 1/1.
AC UER00899
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-[(5-phospho-1-deoxyribulos-1-
DE ylamino)methylideneamino]-1-(5-phosphoribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide
DE + 1 L-glutamine => 1 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-
DE carboxamide + 1 D-erythro-1-(imidazol-4-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate + 1 L-
DE glutamate.
HP ULS00448; 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide from 5-[(5-phospho-1-deoxyribulos-1-ylamino)methylideneamino]-1-(5-phosphoribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.3.-.
DR ENZYME; 2.4.2.-.
DR PubMed; 1183930.
DR PubMed; 15363855.
DR PubMed; 11264293.
DR PubMed; 12795595.
DR PubMed; 16142895.
DR KEGG; rn:R04558.
//
ID acetaldehyde and pyruvate from p-cumate: step 1/7.
AC UER00901
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 NADH + 1 O(2) + 1 p-cumate => 1 NAD(+) +
DE 1 cis-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-p-cumic acid.
HP ULS00449; acetaldehyde and pyruvate from p-cumate.
DR ENZYME; 1.13.11.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R05247.
//
ID acetaldehyde and pyruvate from p-cumate: step 2/7.
AC UER00902
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 NAD(+) + 1 cis-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-p-cumic
DE acid => 1 2,3-dihydroxy-p-cumic acid + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00449; acetaldehyde and pyruvate from p-cumate.
DR ENZYME; 1.3.1.58.
DR KEGG; rn:R05240.
//
ID acetaldehyde and pyruvate from p-cumate: step 3/7.
AC UER00903
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2,3-dihydroxy-p-cumic acid + 1 O(2) => 1 2-
DE hydroxy-3-carboxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoic acid.
HP ULS00449; acetaldehyde and pyruvate from p-cumate.
DR ENZYME; 1.13.11.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R05248.
//
ID acetaldehyde and pyruvate from p-cumate: step 4/7.
AC UER00904
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-hydroxy-3-carboxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-
DE dienoic acid => 1 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoic acid + 1
DE CO(2).
HP ULS00449; acetaldehyde and pyruvate from p-cumate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R05377.
//
ID acetaldehyde and pyruvate from p-cumate: step 5/7.
AC UER00905
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoic acid + 1
DE H(2)O => 1 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate + 1 2-methylpropanoate.
HP ULS00449; acetaldehyde and pyruvate from p-cumate.
DR ENZYME; 3.7.1.-.
DR KEGG; rn:R05364.
//
ID acetaldehyde and pyruvate from p-cumate: step 6/7.
AC UER00906
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate + 1 H(2)O => 1 4-
DE hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate.
HP ULS00449; acetaldehyde and pyruvate from p-cumate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.80.
DR KEGG; rn:R02601.
//
ID acetaldehyde and pyruvate from p-cumate: step 7/7.
AC UER00907
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate => 1 acetaldehyde + 1
DE pyruvate.
HP ULS00449; acetaldehyde and pyruvate from p-cumate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.3.39.
DR KEGG; rn:R00750.
//
ID succinyl-CoA from propanoyl-CoA: step 1/3.
AC UER00908
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 bicarbonate + 1 propanoyl-CoA => 1 (S)-
DE methylmalonyl-CoA + 1 ADP + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00450; succinyl-CoA from propanoyl-CoA.
DR ENZYME; 6.4.1.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R01859.
//
ID succinyl-CoA from propanoyl-CoA: step 2/3.
AC UER00909
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA => 1 (R)-methylmalonyl-CoA.
HP ULS00450; succinyl-CoA from propanoyl-CoA.
DR ENZYME; 5.1.99.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R02765.
//
ID succinyl-CoA from propanoyl-CoA: step 3/3.
AC UER00910
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (R)-methylmalonyl-CoA => 1 succinyl-CoA.
HP ULS00450; succinyl-CoA from propanoyl-CoA.
DR ENZYME; 5.4.99.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R00833.
//
ID glycine from 2-phosphoglycolate: step 1/3.
AC UER00911
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-phosphoglycolate + 1 H(2)O => 1 glycolate + 1
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00451; glycine from 2-phosphoglycolate.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.3.18.
DR KEGG; rn:R01334.
//
ID glycine from 2-phosphoglycolate: step 2/3.
AC UER00912
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 O(2) + 1 glycolate => 1 H(2)O(2) + 1 glyoxylate.
HP ULS00451; glycine from 2-phosphoglycolate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.3.15.
DR KEGG; rn:R00475.
//
ID glycine from 2-phosphoglycolate: step 3/3.
AC UER00913
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-glutamate + 1 glyoxylate => 1 2-oxoglutarate +
DE 1 glycine.
HP ULS00451; glycine from 2-phosphoglycolate.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R00372.
//
ID 3-phospho-D-glycerate from glycine: step 1/4.
AC UER00914
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5,10-methylene-THF + 1 H(2)O + 1 glycine => 1
DE 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + 1 L-serine.
HP ULS00452; 3-phospho-D-glycerate from glycine.
DR ENZYME; 2.1.2.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R00945.
//
ID 3-phospho-D-glycerate from glycine: step 2/4.
AC UER00915
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-serine + 1 pyruvate => 1 3-hydroxypyruvate + 1
DE L-alanine.
HP ULS00452; 3-phospho-D-glycerate from glycine.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.51.
DR KEGG; rn:R00585.
//
ID 3-phospho-D-glycerate from glycine: step 3/4.
AC UER00916
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 3-hydroxypyruvate + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH => 1 D-
DE glycerate + 1 NAD(+).
HP ULS00452; 3-phospho-D-glycerate from glycine.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.29.
DR KEGG; rn:R01388.
//
ID 3-phospho-D-glycerate from glycine: step 4/4.
AC UER00917
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 D-glycerate => 1 3-phospho-D-glycerate +
DE 1 ADP.
HP ULS00452; 3-phospho-D-glycerate from glycine.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.31.
DR KEGG; rn:R01514.
//
ID 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine from nicotine (S-isomer route): step 1/2.
AC UER00487
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 acceptor + 1 nicotine => 1 (S)-6-
DE hydroxynicotine + 1 reduced acceptor.
HP ULS00453; 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine from nicotine (S-isomer route).
DR ENZYME; 1.5.99.4.
DR PubMed; 7815950.
DR KEGG; rn:R02860.
//
ID 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine from nicotine (S-isomer route): step 2/2.
AC UER00919
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-6-hydroxynicotine + 1 H(2)O + 1 O(2) => 1 6-
DE hydroxypseudooxynicotine + 1 H(2)O(2).
HP ULS00453; 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine from nicotine (S-isomer route).
DR ENZYME; 1.5.3.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R03202.
//
ID 2,6-dihydroxypyridine and 4-(methylamino)butanoate from 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine: step 1/2.
AC UER00489
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 2 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine + 1 O(2) => 2 2,6-
DE dihydroxypseudooxynicotine.
HP ULS00454; 2,6-dihydroxypyridine and 4-(methylamino)butanoate from 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.18.-.
DR PubMed; 11514508.
DR KEGG; rn:R07514.
//
ID 2,6-dihydroxypyridine and 4-(methylamino)butanoate from 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine: step 2/2.
AC UER00490
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2,6-dihydroxypseudooxynicotine + 1 H(2)O => 1
DE 2,6-dihydroxypyridine + 1 4-(methylamino)butanoate.
HP ULS00454; 2,6-dihydroxypyridine and 4-(methylamino)butanoate from 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine.
DR ENZYME; 3.7.1.-.
DR PubMed; 11514508.
DR PubMed; 16321959.
DR PubMed; 17275835.
DR KEGG; rn:R07515.
//
ID 2-deoxystreptamine from D-glucose 6-phosphate: step 1/4.
AC UER00921
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-glucose 6-phosphate => 1 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosose
DE + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00455; 2-deoxystreptamine from D-glucose 6-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.3.-.
DR PubMed; 17879343.
DR KEGG; rn:R08617.
//
ID 2-deoxystreptamine from D-glucose 6-phosphate: step 2/4.
AC UER00922
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosose + 1 L-glutamine => 1 1-
DE amino-1,2-dideoxy-scyllo-inositol + 1 2-oxoglutaramate.
HP ULS00455; 2-deoxystreptamine from D-glucose 6-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.-.
//
ID 2-deoxystreptamine from D-glucose 6-phosphate: step 3/4.
AC UER00923
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1-amino-1,2-dideoxy-scyllo-inositol + [NAD(+) or
DE NADP(+)] => 5-amino-2,3,4-trihydroxycyclohexanone + [NADH or NADPH].
HP ULS00455; 2-deoxystreptamine from D-glucose 6-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.-.
//
ID 2-deoxystreptamine from D-glucose 6-phosphate: step 4/4.
AC UER00924
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-amino-2,3,4-trihydroxycyclohexanone + 1 L-
DE glutamine => 1 2-deoxystreptamine + 1 2-oxoglutaramate.
HP ULS00455; 2-deoxystreptamine from D-glucose 6-phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.-.
//
ID (4S)-limonene from geranyl diphosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00925
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 geranyl diphosphate => 1 (4S)-limonene + 1
DE diphosphate.
HP ULS00456; (4S)-limonene from geranyl diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.3.16.
DR KEGG; rn:R02013.
//
ID (4R)-limonene from geranyl diphosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00926
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 geranyl diphosphate => 1 (4R)-limonene + 1
DE diphosphate.
HP ULS00457; (4R)-limonene from geranyl diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.3.16.
DR KEGG; rn:R06120.
//
ID (-)-alpha-pinene from geranyl diphosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00927
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 geranyl diphosphate => 1 (-)-alpha-pinene + 1
DE diphosphate.
HP ULS00458; (-)-alpha-pinene from geranyl diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.3.14.
DR KEGG; rn:R05765.
//
ID (-)-beta-pinene from geranyl diphosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00928
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 geranyl diphosphate => 1 (-)-beta-pinene + 1
DE diphosphate.
HP ULS00459; (-)-beta-pinene from geranyl diphosphate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.3.14.
DR KEGG; rn:R05766.
//
ID FMN from riboflavin (CTP route): step 1/1.
AC UER00929
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 CTP + 1 riboflavin => 1 CDP + 1 FMN.
HP ULS00460; FMN from riboflavin (CTP route).
DR ENZYME; 2.7.1.161.
DR PubMed; 18245297.
DR PubMed; 18073108.
//
ID GDP-alpha-D-mannose from alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate (GTP route): step 1/1.
AC UER00930
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 GTP + 1 alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate => 1 GDP-
DE alpha-D-mannose + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00462; GDP-alpha-D-mannose from alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate (GTP route).
DR ENZYME; 2.7.7.13.
DR PubMed; 19011088.
DR KEGG; rn:R00885.
//
ID GDP-alpha-D-mannose from alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate (GDP route): step 1/1.
AC UER00425
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 GDP + 1 alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate => 1 GDP-
DE alpha-D-mannose + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00463; GDP-alpha-D-mannose from alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate (GDP route).
DR ENZYME; 2.7.7.22.
DR PubMed; 18037674.
DR KEGG; rn:R00883.
//
ID L-ascorbate from GDP-alpha-D-mannose: step 1/5.
AC UER00931
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 GDP-alpha-D-mannose => 1 GDP-L-galactose.
HP ULS00464; L-ascorbate from GDP-alpha-D-mannose.
DR ENZYME; 5.1.3.18.
DR PubMed; 16366586.
DR PubMed; 16413588.
DR PubMed; 11752432.
DR KEGG; rn:R07672.
DR KEGG; rn:R07673.
//
ID L-ascorbate from GDP-alpha-D-mannose: step 2/5.
AC UER00932
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 GDP-L-galactose + 1 phosphate => 1 GDP + 1 beta-
DE L-galactose 1-phosphate.
HP ULS00464; L-ascorbate from GDP-alpha-D-mannose.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.7.-.
DR PubMed; 18516687.
DR PubMed; 17877701.
DR KEGG; rn:R07678.
//
ID L-ascorbate from GDP-alpha-D-mannose: step 3/5.
AC UER00933
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 beta-L-galactose 1-phosphate => 1
DE alpha-L-galactose + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00464; L-ascorbate from GDP-alpha-D-mannose.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.3.-.
DR PubMed; 16595667.
DR KEGG; rn:R07674.
//
ID L-ascorbate from GDP-alpha-D-mannose: step 4/5.
AC UER00934
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 NAD(+) + 1 alpha-L-galactose => 1 H(+) + 1 L-
DE Galactono-1,4-lactone + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00464; L-ascorbate from GDP-alpha-D-mannose.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.-.
DR PubMed; 12047629.
DR KEGG; rn:R07675.
//
ID L-ascorbate from GDP-alpha-D-mannose: step 5/5.
AC UER00935
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-Galactono-1,4-lactone + 2 ferricytochrome c =>
DE 2 H(+) + 1 L-ascorbate + 2 ferrocytochrome c.
HP ULS00464; L-ascorbate from GDP-alpha-D-mannose.
DR ENZYME; 1.3.2.3.
DR PubMed; 9374475.
DR KEGG; rn:R00640.
//
ID L-ascorbate from UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate: step 1/4.
AC UER00936
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate => 1 D-
DE glucuronate + 1 UDP.
HP ULS00465; L-ascorbate from UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate.
DR PubMed; 16689937.
//
ID L-ascorbate from UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate: step 2/4.
AC UER00937
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-glucuronate + 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH => 1 L-gulonate
DE + 1 NADP(+).
HP ULS00465; L-ascorbate from UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.19.
DR KEGG; rn:R01481.
//
ID L-ascorbate from UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate: step 3/4.
AC UER00938
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-gulonate => 1 H(2)O + 1 L-gulono-1,4-lactone.
HP ULS00465; L-ascorbate from UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.1.17.
DR PubMed; 16585534.
DR KEGG; rn:R02933.
//
ID L-ascorbate from UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate: step 4/4.
AC UER00939
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-gulono-1,4-lactone + 1 O(2) => 1 H(2)O(2) + 1
DE L-ascorbate.
HP ULS00465; L-ascorbate from UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.3.8.
DR PubMed; 17317254.
DR PubMed; 1962571.
DR KEGG; rn:R00647.
DR KEGG; rn:R03184.
//
ID phosphatidylcholine from choline: step 1/1.
AC UER00940
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 CDP-diacylglycerol + 1 choline => 1 CMP + 1
DE phosphatidylcholine.
HP ULS00466; phosphatidylcholine from choline.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.8.24.
DR KEGG; rn:R05794.
//
ID CO(2) and NH(3) from carbamoyl phosphate: step 1/1.
AC UER00366
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ADP + 1 carbamoyl phosphate => 1 ATP + 1 CO(2) +
DE 1 NH(3).
HP ULS00467; CO(2) and NH(3) from carbamoyl phosphate.
DR ENZYME; 2.7.2.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R00150.
//
ID putrescine from N-carbamoylputrescine (amidase route): step 1/1.
AC UER00286
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 N-carbamoylputrescine => 1 CO(2) + 1
DE NH(3) + 1 putrescine.
HP ULS00468; putrescine from N-carbamoylputrescine (amidase route).
DR ENZYME; 3.5.1.53.
DR KEGG; rn:R01152.
//
ID putrescine from N-carbamoylputrescine (transferase route): step 1/1.
AC UER00941
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 N-carbamoylputrescine + 1 phosphate => 1
DE carbamoyl phosphate + 1 putrescine.
HP ULS00469; putrescine from N-carbamoylputrescine (transferase route).
DR ENZYME; 2.1.3.6.
DR PubMed; 116850.
DR PubMed; 17028272.
DR PubMed; 4621632.
DR KEGG; rn:R01399.
//
ID 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole from N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide: step 1/2.
AC UER00128
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 H(2)O + 1 L-glutamine + 1 N(2)-formyl-
DE N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide => 1 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-
DE phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + 1 ADP + 1 L-glutamate + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00470; 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole from N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide.
DR ENZYME; 6.3.5.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R04463.
//
ID 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole from N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide: step 2/2.
AC UER00129
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidine
DE + 1 ATP => 1 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + 1 ADP + 1
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00470; 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole from N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide.
DR ENZYME; 6.3.3.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R04208.
//
ID 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate from 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole (carboxylase route): step 1/1.
AC UER00130
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + 1
DE CO(2) => 1 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate.
HP ULS00471; 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate from 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole (carboxylase route).
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.21.
DR KEGG; rn:R04209.
//
ID 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate from 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole (N5-CAIR route): step 1/2.
AC UER00942
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + 1 ATP
DE + 1 bicarbonate => 1 5-carboxyamino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole +
DE 1 ADP + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00472; 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate from 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole (N5-CAIR route).
DR ENZYME; 6.3.4.18.
DR KEGG; rn:R07404.
//
ID 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate from 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole (N5-CAIR route): step 2/2.
AC UER00943
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-carboxyamino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole
DE => 1 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate.
HP ULS00472; 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate from 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole (N5-CAIR route).
DR ENZYME; 5.4.99.18.
DR PubMed; 10574791.
DR PubMed; 1534690.
DR PubMed; 10074353.
DR KEGG; rn:R07405.
//
ID 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide from 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate: step 1/2.
AC UER00131
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-
DE carboxylate + 1 ATP + 1 L-aspartate => 1 (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-
DE beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinic acid + 1 ADP + 1
DE phosphate.
HP ULS00473; 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide from 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate.
DR ENZYME; 6.3.2.6.
DR KEGG; rn:R04591.
//
ID 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide from 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate: step 2/2.
AC UER00132
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-
DE ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinic acid => 1 5-amino-1-(5-
DE phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide + 1 fumarate.
HP ULS00473; 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide from 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate.
DR ENZYME; 4.3.2.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R04559.
//
ID 8-amino-7-oxononanoate from pimeloyl-CoA: step 1/1.
AC UER00159
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-alanine + 1 pimeloyl-CoA => 1 8-amino-7-
DE oxononanoate + 1 CO(2) + 1 CoA.
HP ULS00474; 8-amino-7-oxononanoate from pimeloyl-CoA.
DR ENZYME; 2.3.1.47.
DR KEGG; rn:R03210.
//
ID 7,8-diaminononanoate from 8-amino-7-oxononanoate (SAM route): step 1/1.
AC UER00160
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 8-amino-7-oxononanoate + 1 S-adenosyl-L-
DE methionine => 1 7,8-diaminononanoate + 1 S-adenosyl-4-methylthio-2-
DE oxobutanoic acid.
HP ULS00475; 7,8-diaminononanoate from 8-amino-7-oxononanoate (SAM route).
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.62.
DR KEGG; rn:R03231.
//
ID 7,8-diaminononanoate from 8-amino-7-oxononanoate (Lys route): step 1/1.
AC UER00944
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 8-amino-7-oxononanoate + 1 L-lysine => 1 7,8-
DE diaminononanoate + 1 L-2-aminoadipate 6-semialdahyde.
HP ULS00476; 7,8-diaminononanoate from 8-amino-7-oxononanoate (Lys route).
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.-.
DR PubMed; 15880481.
//
ID biotin from 7,8-diaminononanoate: step 1/2.
AC UER00161
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 7,8-diaminononanoate + 1 ATP + 1 CO(2) => 1 ADP +
DE 1 dethiobiotin + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00477; biotin from 7,8-diaminononanoate.
DR ENZYME; 6.3.3.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R03182.
//
ID biotin from 7,8-diaminononanoate: step 2/2.
AC UER00162
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 2 H(+) + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1 dethiobiotin
DE + 2 e- + 1 sulfur donor => 2 5'-deoxyadenosine + 2 L-methionine + 1
DE biotin.
HP ULS00477; biotin from 7,8-diaminononanoate.
DR ENZYME; 2.8.1.6.
DR KEGG; rn:R01078.
//
ID (S)-dihydroorotate from bicarbonate: step 1/3.
AC UER00115
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 2 ATP + 1 H(2)O + 1 L-glutamine + 1 bicarbonate =>
DE 2 ADP + 1 L-glutamate + 1 carbamoyl phosphate + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00478; (S)-dihydroorotate from bicarbonate.
DR ENZYME; 6.3.5.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R00575.
//
ID (S)-dihydroorotate from bicarbonate: step 2/3.
AC UER00116
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-aspartate + 1 carbamoyl phosphate => 1 N-
DE carbamoyl-L-aspartate + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00478; (S)-dihydroorotate from bicarbonate.
DR ENZYME; 2.1.3.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R01397.
//
ID (S)-dihydroorotate from bicarbonate: step 3/3.
AC UER00117
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate => 1 (S)-dihydroorotate +
DE 1 H(2)O.
HP ULS00478; (S)-dihydroorotate from bicarbonate.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.2.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R01993.
//
ID orotate from (S)-dihydroorotate (O2 route): step 1/1.
AC UER00118
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-dihydroorotate + 1 fumarate => 1 orotate + 1
DE succinate.
HP ULS00479; orotate from (S)-dihydroorotate (O2 route).
DR ENZYME; 1.3.3.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R01867.
//
ID orotate from (S)-dihydroorotate (NAD(+) route): step 1/1.
AC UER00945
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-dihydroorotate + 1 NAD(+) => 1 H(+) + 1 NADH
DE + 1 orotate.
HP ULS00480; orotate from (S)-dihydroorotate (NAD(+) route).
DR ENZYME; 1.3.1.14.
DR KEGG; rn:R01869.
//
ID orotate from (S)-dihydroorotate (quinone route): step 1/1.
AC UER00946
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-dihydroorotate + 1 Quinone => 1 Hydroquinone
DE + 1 orotate.
HP ULS00481; orotate from (S)-dihydroorotate (quinone route).
DR ENZYME; 1.3.5.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R01868.
//
ID UMP from orotate: step 1/2.
AC UER00119
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + 1
DE orotate => 1 diphosphate + 1 orotidine 5'-phosphate.
HP ULS00482; UMP from orotate.
DR ENZYME; 2.4.2.10.
DR KEGG; rn:R01870.
//
ID UMP from orotate: step 2/2.
AC UER00120
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 orotidine 5'-phosphate => 1 CO(2) + 1 UMP.
HP ULS00482; UMP from orotate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.23.
DR KEGG; rn:R00965.
//
ID (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate from prephenate (NAD(+) route): step 1/1.
AC UER00961
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 NAD(+) + 1 prephenate => 1 (4-
DE hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + 1 CO(2) + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00483; (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate from prephenate (NAD(+) route).
DR ENZYME; 1.3.1.12.
DR KEGG; rn:R01728.
//
ID (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate from prephenate (NADP(+) route): step 1/1.
AC UER00962
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 NADP(+) + 1 prephenate => 1 (4-
DE hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + 1 CO(2) + 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH.
HP ULS00484; (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate from prephenate (NADP(+) route).
DR ENZYME; 1.3.1.13.
DR KEGG; rn:R01730.
//
ID L-tyrosine from (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate: step 1/1.
AC UER00350
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + 1 L-glutamate => 1 2-
DE oxoglutarate + 1 L-tyrosine.
HP ULS00485; L-tyrosine from (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.57.
DR KEGG; rn:R00734.
//
ID L-tyrosine from L-arogenate (NAD(+) route): step 1/1.
AC UER00959
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-arogenate + 1 NAD(+) => 1 CO(2) + 1 H(+) + 1 L-
DE tyrosine + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00486; L-tyrosine from L-arogenate (NAD(+) route).
DR ENZYME; 1.3.1.43.
DR PubMed; 16615917.
DR KEGG; rn:R00732.
//
ID L-tyrosine from L-arogenate (NADP(+) route): step 1/1.
AC UER00960
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-arogenate + 1 NADP(+) => 1 CO(2) + 1 H(+) + 1
DE L-tyrosine + 1 NADPH.
HP ULS00487; L-tyrosine from L-arogenate (NADP(+) route).
DR ENZYME; 1.3.1.78.
DR PubMed; 12354100.
DR PubMed; 15171683.
DR KEGG; rn:R00733.
//
ID 2-oxoglutarate from isocitrate (NADP(+) route): step 1/1.
AC UER00995
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 NADP(+) + 1 isocitrate => 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1
DE CO(2) + 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH.
HP ULS00488; 2-oxoglutarate from isocitrate (NADP(+) route).
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.42.
DR KEGG; rn:R00267.
//
ID 2-oxoglutarate from isocitrate (NAD(+) route): step 1/1.
AC UER00996
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 NAD(+) + 1 isocitrate => 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1
DE CO(2) + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH.
HP ULS00489; 2-oxoglutarate from isocitrate (NAD(+) route).
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.41.
DR KEGG; rn:R00709.
//
ID succinyl-CoA from 2-oxoglutarate (dehydrogenase route): step 1/1.
AC UER00997
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 CoA + 1 NAD(+) => 1 CO(2) + 1
DE H(+) + 1 NADH + 1 succinyl-CoA.
HP ULS00490; succinyl-CoA from 2-oxoglutarate (dehydrogenase route).
DR KEGG; rn:R08549.
//
ID succinyl-CoA from 2-oxoglutarate (synthase route): step 1/1.
AC UER00998
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-oxoglutarate + 1 CoA + 2 oxidized ferredoxin =>
DE 1 CO(2) + 2 H(+) + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 1 succinyl-CoA.
HP ULS00491; succinyl-CoA from 2-oxoglutarate (synthase route).
DR ENZYME; 1.2.7.3.
DR KEGG; rn:R01197.
//
ID succinate from succinyl-CoA (ligase route): step 1/1.
AC UER00999
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ADP + 1 phosphate + 1 succinyl-CoA => 1 ATP + 1
DE CoA + 1 succinate.
HP ULS00492; succinate from succinyl-CoA (ligase route).
DR ENZYME; 6.2.1.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R00405.
//
ID succinate from succinyl-CoA (transferase route): step 1/1.
AC UER01000
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 acetoacetate + 1 succinyl-CoA => 1 acetoacetyl-
DE CoA + 1 succinate.
HP ULS00493; succinate from succinyl-CoA (transferase route).
DR ENZYME; 2.8.3.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R00410.
//
ID succinate from 2-oxoglutarate (transferase route): step 1/2.
AC UER01001
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-oxoglutarate => 1 CO(2) + 1 succinate
DE semialdehyde.
HP ULS00494; succinate from 2-oxoglutarate (transferase route).
DR ENZYME; 4.1.1.71.
DR KEGG; rn:R00272.
//
ID succinate from 2-oxoglutarate (transferase route): step 2/2.
AC UER01002
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: H(2)O + succinate semialdehyde + [NAD(+) or
DE NADP(+)] => H(+) + succinate + [NADH or NADPH].
HP ULS00494; succinate from 2-oxoglutarate (transferase route).
DR ENZYME; 1.2.1.16.
DR KEGG; rn:R00713.
DR KEGG; rn:R00714.
//
ID fumarate from succinate (bacterial route): step 1/1.
AC UER01005
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 acceptor + 1 succinate => 1 fumarate + 1 reduced
DE acceptor.
HP ULS00495; fumarate from succinate (bacterial route).
DR ENZYME; 1.3.99.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R00412.
//
ID fumarate from succinate (eukaryal route): step 1/1.
AC UER01006
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 succinate + 1 ubiquinone => 1 fumarate + 1
DE ubiquinol.
HP ULS00496; fumarate from succinate (eukaryal route).
DR ENZYME; 1.3.5.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R02164.
//
ID (S)-malate from fumarate: step 1/1.
AC UER01007
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 fumarate => 1 (S)-malate.
HP ULS00497; (S)-malate from fumarate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R01082.
//
ID oxaloacetate from (S)-malate (quinone route): step 1/1.
AC UER01008
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (S)-malate + 1 acceptor => 1 oxaloacetate + 1
DE reduced acceptor.
HP ULS00498; oxaloacetate from (S)-malate (quinone route).
DR ENZYME; 1.1.5.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R00361.
//
ID riboflavin from 2-hydroxy-3-oxobutyl phosphate and 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil: step 1/2.
AC UER00404
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-hydroxy-3-oxobutyl phosphate + 1 5-amino-6-(D-
DE ribitylamino)uracil => 1 6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine + 2
DE H(2)O + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00499; riboflavin from 2-hydroxy-3-oxobutyl phosphate and 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil.
DR ENZYME; 2.5.1.78.
DR KEGG; rn:R04457.
//
ID riboflavin from 2-hydroxy-3-oxobutyl phosphate and 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil: step 2/2.
AC UER00405
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 2 6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine => 1 5-
DE amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil + 1 riboflavin.
HP ULS00499; riboflavin from 2-hydroxy-3-oxobutyl phosphate and 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil.
DR ENZYME; 2.5.1.9.
DR KEGG; rn:R00066.
//
ID beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside from D-fructose 6-phosphate and GDP-alpha-D-mannose: step 1/2.
AC UER01009
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 D-fructose 6-phosphate + 1 GDP-alpha-D-mannose =>
DE 1 GDP + 1 beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside 6-phosphate.
HP ULS00500; beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside from D-fructose 6-phosphate and GDP-alpha-D-mannose.
DR ENZYME; 2.4.1.246.
DR PubMed; 17728402.
DR KEGG; rn:R08947.
//
ID beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside from D-fructose 6-phosphate and GDP-alpha-D-mannose: step 2/2.
AC UER01010
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-
DE mannopyranoside 6-phosphate => 1 beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-
DE mannopyranoside + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00500; beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside from D-fructose 6-phosphate and GDP-alpha-D-mannose.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.3.79.
DR PubMed; 17728402.
DR KEGG; rn:R08982.
//
ID 6-hydroxynicotinate from nicotinate: step 1/1.
AC UER01011
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 NADP(+) + 1 nicotinate => 1 6-
DE hydroxynicotinate + 1 H(+) + 1 NADPH.
HP ULS00501; 6-hydroxynicotinate from nicotinate.
DR ENZYME; 1.17.1.5.
DR KEGG; rn:R01720.
//
ID propanoate and pyruvate from 6-hydroxynicotinate: step 1/8.
AC UER01012
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 6-hydroxynicotinate + 1 reduced ferredoxin => 1
DE 6-hydroxynicotinate + 1 oxidized ferredoxin.
HP ULS00502; propanoate and pyruvate from 6-hydroxynicotinate.
DR ENZYME; 1.3.7.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R03164.
//
ID propanoate and pyruvate from 6-hydroxynicotinate: step 2/8.
AC UER01013
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 6-hydroxynicotinate + 2 H(2)O => 1 2-
DE formylglutarate + 1 NH(3).
HP ULS00502; propanoate and pyruvate from 6-hydroxynicotinate.
DR ENZYME; 3.5.2.18.
DR KEGG; rn:R07984.
//
ID propanoate and pyruvate from 6-hydroxynicotinate: step 3/8.
AC UER01014
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-formylglutarate + 1 H(+) + 1 NADH => 1 2-
DE hydroxymethylglutarate + 1 NAD(+).
HP ULS00502; propanoate and pyruvate from 6-hydroxynicotinate.
DR ENZYME; 1.1.1.291.
DR KEGG; rn:R07985.
//
ID propanoate and pyruvate from 6-hydroxynicotinate: step 4/8.
AC UER01015
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-hydroxymethylglutarate => 1 2-
DE methyleneglutarate + 1 H(2)O.
HP ULS00502; propanoate and pyruvate from 6-hydroxynicotinate.
DR KEGG; rn:R07986.
//
ID propanoate and pyruvate from 6-hydroxynicotinate: step 5/8.
AC UER01016
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-methyleneglutarate => 1 2-methylene-3-
DE methylsuccinate.
HP ULS00502; propanoate and pyruvate from 6-hydroxynicotinate.
DR ENZYME; 5.4.99.4.
DR KEGG; rn:R03908.
//
ID propanoate and pyruvate from 6-hydroxynicotinate: step 6/8.
AC UER01017
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 2-methylene-3-methylsuccinate => 1
DE dimethylmaleate.
HP ULS00502; propanoate and pyruvate from 6-hydroxynicotinate.
DR ENZYME; 5.3.3.6.
DR KEGG; rn:R03070.
//
ID propanoate and pyruvate from 6-hydroxynicotinate: step 7/8.
AC UER01018
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(2)O + 1 dimethylmaleate => 1 (2R,3S)-2,3-
DE dimethylmalate.
HP ULS00502; propanoate and pyruvate from 6-hydroxynicotinate.
DR ENZYME; 4.2.1.85.
DR KEGG; rn:R03069.
//
ID propanoate and pyruvate from 6-hydroxynicotinate: step 8/8.
AC UER01019
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 (2R,3S)-2,3-dimethylmalate => 1 propanoate + 1
DE pyruvate.
HP ULS00502; propanoate and pyruvate from 6-hydroxynicotinate.
DR ENZYME; 4.1.3.32.
DR KEGG; rn:R01355.
//
ID 4-hydroxybenzoate from 4-chlorobenzoate: step 1/3.
AC UER01020
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-chlorobenzoate + 1 ATP + 1 CoA => 1 4-
DE chlorobenzoyl-CoA + 1 AMP + 1 diphosphate.
HP ULS00503; 4-hydroxybenzoate from 4-chlorobenzoate.
DR ENZYME; 6.2.1.33.
DR KEGG; rn:R03932.
//
ID 4-hydroxybenzoate from 4-chlorobenzoate: step 2/3.
AC UER01021
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA + 1 H(2)O => 1 4-
DE hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + 1 H(+) + 1 chloride.
HP ULS00503; 4-hydroxybenzoate from 4-chlorobenzoate.
DR ENZYME; 3.8.1.7.
DR KEGG; rn:R04101.
//
ID 4-hydroxybenzoate from 4-chlorobenzoate: step 3/3.
AC UER01022
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + 1 H(2)O => 1 4-
DE hydroxybenzoate + 1 CoA.
HP ULS00503; 4-hydroxybenzoate from 4-chlorobenzoate.
DR ENZYME; 3.1.2.23.
DR KEGG; rn:R01301.
//
ID glycine from L-serine: step 1/1.
AC UER01023
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + 1 L-serine => 1 5,10-
DE methylene-THF + 1 H(2)O + 1 glycine.
HP ULS00504; glycine from L-serine.
DR ENZYME; 2.1.2.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R00945.
//
ID L-aspartate from oxaloacetate: step 1/1.
AC UER01024
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 L-glutamate + 1 oxaloacetate => 1 2-oxoglutarate
DE + 1 L-aspartate.
HP ULS00505; L-aspartate from oxaloacetate.
DR ENZYME; 2.6.1.1.
DR KEGG; rn:R00355.
//
ID L-glutamine from L-glutamate: step 1/1.
AC UER01025
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 ATP + 1 L-glutamate + 1 NH(3) => 1 ADP + 1 L-
DE glutamine + 1 phosphate.
HP ULS00506; L-glutamine from L-glutamate.
DR ENZYME; 6.3.1.2.
DR KEGG; rn:R00253.
//
ID catechol from anthranilate: step 1/1.
AC UER01026
CL Enzymatic reaction.
DE Chemical equation: 1 H(+) + 1 NADH + 1 O(2) + 1 anthranilate => 1
DE CO(2) + 1 NAD(+) + 1 NH(3) + 1 catechol.
HP ULS00507; catechol from anthranilate.
DR ENZYME; 1.14.12.1.
DR PubMed; 11114907.
DR KEGG; rn:R00823.
//